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Plethora of Plants - Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (3): Iris (Iridaceae) Collection

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Plethora of Plants - Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (3): Iris (Iridaceae) Collection NAT. CROAT. VOL. 28 No 2 483-514 ZAGREB December 31, 2019 professional paper/stručni članak – museum collections/muzejske zbirke DOI 10.20302/NC.2019.28. PLETHORA OF PLANTS - COLLECTIONS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB (3): IRIS (IRIDACEAE) COLLECTION Sanja Kovačić Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia (e-mail: [email protected]) Kovačić, S.: Plethora of plants – collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (3): Iris (Iridaceae) Collection. Nat. Croat., Vol. 28, No. 2., 483-514, 2019, Zagreb. In this paper, the plant lists of the genus Iris (Iridaceae family) grown in Zagreb Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Science since 1895 are studied. Synonymy, nomenclature and origin of plant material were sorted. Lists of species grown in the last 124 years have been constructed to show that during that period at least 273 taxa of wild and cultivated irises inhabited the Garden’s collections. Today we have 168 species, cultivars and hybrids. Key words: Zagreb Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, historic plant collections, Iris collection Kovačić, S.: Obilje bilja – zbirke Botaničkoga vrta Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (3): Zbirka perunika (Iris, Iridaceae). Nat. Croat., Vol. 28, No. 2., 483-514, 2019, Zagreb. U ovom članku sastavljeni su popisi svojta perunika (rod Iris, porodica Iridaceae) uzgajanih u Botaničkom vrtu zagrebačkog Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta između 1895. i 2019. godine. Uređena je sinonimika i nomenklatura te istraženo podrijetlo biljnog materijala. Rezultati pokazuju da su tijekom 124 godine kroz zbirke Botaničkog vrta prošle najmanje 273 divlje i uzgojne svojte perunika. Danas uzgajamo 168 vrsta, kultivara i križanaca. Ključne riječi: Botanički vrt PMF-a u Zagrebu, povijesne zbirke biljaka, rod Iris INTRODUCTION The comprehensive investigation of plant collections in the Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (in further text “Botanical Garden” or “the Garden”) initiated in 2012 is continuing with inventories of indigenous, wild and cultivated taxa of the genus Iris Tourn. ex L. (Iridaceae family). The general facts about the Garden and its collections were published in the first paper of this series (Kovačić, 2015) and will not be repeated here. Following the established principles, I made an inventory of the genus Iris s.l. taxa cultivated in collections of our Botanical Garden since 1895. Irises are well known and extensively cultivated around the globe for centuries and are used in perfumery and pharmacy. The genus Iris includes between 200 and 300 species, depending on the comprehension of the genus range (Barker & Govaerts, 2016); for example, more than 1400 taxa – species, subspecies, natural varieties and hybrids – are listed in The Plant List database (http://www.theplantlist. 484 Kovačić, S.: Plethora of plants - collections of the Botanical garden in Zagreb (3): Iris Collection org/), and its successor World Flora Online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org/), and about 1500 in the databases of cultivated taxa (for example, the Pacific Bulb Society, https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Iris). Wild taxa are divided into subgenera, sections and subsections (Shear, 2002), inter-relations of which are complex and not included in this inventory. Most Iris species are distributed in the temperate regions of Europe, Asia and North America, predominantly in dry, semi-desert, or rocky mountainous areas, less in grasslands, meadowlands, bogs and riverbanks (Kamanatsky & Okubo, 2012). Iris species, cultivars and hybrids grown in the collections of our Botanical Garden during the years have been planted outdoors, where they are represented by several specimens each, and are periodically rejuvenated by being divided (vegetatively). Irises are not listed in the CITES-lists (http://checklist.cites.org/#/en), but up to 26 taxa are listed as (potentially) invasive acc. to EASIN (http://alien.jrc.ec.europa. eu/SpeciesMapper), though of low/unknown impact. Samples for the wild taxa collections in our Garden are obtained through the Delectus (Index) Seminum-network of inter-botanic-garden seed exchange, while the collections of cultivars and hybrids are supplemented from specialist nurseries or private collectors. Some of the estimations calculate that up to 100 000 Iris cultivars are available today in innumerable nurseries around the world, while around 41 400 are registered by name with the general authority, the American Iris Society (https://irises.org/), presenting this genus as the most popular monocotyledon in cultivation today. These are reasons for the endangerment of some Iris taxa in their natural habitats. More than 20 wild Iris species – especially those very rare, aesthetically pleasing or/and parental to the vast selection of horticultural hybrids and cultivars – are today red-listed. The Global Red List (https://www.iucnredlist.org) holds seven Iris species: one critically endangered (CR), four endangered (EN) and two vulnerable (VU). European, and combined Euro-Mediterranean Red Lists hold a single critically endangered (CR) Iris species each, while the Mediterranean Red List contains 14 species: 4 (CR), 6 (EN) and 4 (VU). Many more Iris taxa are listed as data deficient (DD) or estimated as of low concern (LC) in all of the aforementioned Red Lists (https://www.iucnredlist.org). The Croatian Red List (https://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd/CrvenaKnjiga/) and subsequent legislation hold two vulnerable (VU) Iris taxa, both – interestingly – unrecognized by the “higher authorities” (for example, Euro+Med Plantbase, World Flora Online, Global Red List, etc.). These are the Croatian “local endemics” (Mitić & Cigić, 2007) Iris croatica Horvat & M. D. Horvat (Mitić et al., 2004) and I. sibirica L. subsp. sibirica (Topić et al., 2004). The entire Iris genus, with 14 indigenous species, two subspecies and two natural hybrids, is statutorily strictly protected in all Croatian wild habitats (http://www.propisi.hr/print.php?id=12728). It is worth mentioning that irises are closely related to the Slavic mythology: the Croatian (and not only Croatian) word for the genus, “perunika”, dedicates its flower to the highest deity of the ancient Slavic pantheon – the thunder god Perun. Nat. Croat. Vol 28(2), 2019 485 MATERIAL & METHOD Three main sources are used for the construction of lists of irises that have grown in the Botanical Garden’s collections since its foundation. As explained in Kovačić (2015), these are: (i) published records on the historic collections of the early days (1891-1896), (ii) a passive database of plants cultivated in the Garden since the early 1950s, but not living today and (iii) an active database of plants recently (September 2019) living in our collections. The initial part of this study (i) is based on a booklet written by the founder of our Botanical Garden, Professor Antun Heinz (Heinz, 1895-1896), often imprecise in stating the details on the inventory. After that, there is a gap of more than 50 years during which the data on the Garden collections are missing – until recent records were founded in the early 1950s, and since than systematically gathered (details in Kovačić, 2015). Unlike the glasshouse exotics described in our previous papers (Kovačić, 2015; Sandev et al., 2017), the origin of most of the Iris species in our inventory cards is well documented. Part of the reason lies, possibly, in the fact that irises appear relatively late in our inventory cards (late 1950s), when the protocol was already well established and new taxa ordered via the Index Seminum network, or brought in from field research. For most of the entries the plant origin is clearly noted (hometown, botanic garden, natural site, donator, or collector), together with a year when the material was acquired, and in which form (seed, cutting, bulb, rhizome or living plant - planta viva). As the irises are grown in several Garden collections, I divided the inventory lists of taxa in four groups. These informal, and partly overlapping groups are: 1. indigenous Iris-species of wild origin, brought to the Garden from field excursions as living plants (plantae vivae) and further grown in the collections (phytogeographical sections or rockeries) dedicated to the native flora (Tab. 1, Photo-table 1); 2. other, non-native Iris species of presumably wild origin, obtained via Index Seminum publications, grown from the seeds and planted elsewhere in the Garden (Tab. 2, Photo-table 2); 3. cultivars of wild species partly acquired as living plants (incl. rhizomes and bulbs), partly grown from seeds obtained via Index Seminum publications, out of which some could be presumably of wild origin (natural varieties and forms, rarely hybrids), but are mostly of garden-origin; planted in the Garden’s ornamental flowerbeds, nurseries or systematic fields (Tab. 3, Photo-table 3); 4. Iris Barbata hybrids (also called “bearded” irises, mostly of the “tall bearded” group, an offspring of the Iris × germanica and I. variegata progenitors), plants of elaborated man-made origin achieved via meticulous crossings of vast numbers of named and un-named (called “seedlings”) hybrids. These are acquired strictly as living plants (in the form of rhizomes) and planted in the Garden’s nurseries, ornamental flowerbeds and Iridarium, established in 2004 (Tab. 4, Photo-table 4). As our Botanical Garden grows many “local” plants
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