DUŠKO BAŠIĆ the United Nations of Football

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DUŠKO BAŠIĆ the United Nations of Football DUŠKO BAŠIĆ KÖLNER ETHNOLOGISCHE BEITRÄGE ERAUSGEGEBEN VON ICHAEL ASIMIR H M J. C HEFT 37 CHRIS FREIHAUT 2011 Community Forestry Instrument des globalen Klimaschutzes oder lokale Maßnahme zu Empowerment? HEFT 38 HEIDRUN MEZGER 2011 Zur Weberei der Dogon in Mali Eine komparative und historische Perspektive HEFT 39 DIEGO AUGUSTO MENESTREY SCHWIEGER 2012 Institutions and Conflict: An Ethnographic Study of Communal Water Management in North-West Namibia HEFT 40 CAROLIN MAEVIS 2012 Die Vermittlung von Unmittelbarkeit Bilder und Erleben „ursprünglicher Natur“ von Safari-TouristInnen am Naivashasee, Kenia The United Nations of Football HEFT 41 FABIENNE BRAUKMANN 2012 Nilpferdjäger, Weber, Salzhändler Wirtschaftliche Strategien und soziale Organisation der Haro Südäthiopiens im Wandel HEFT 42 ANNE TURIN 2014 Imperiale Jagd und europäische Expansion The United Nations of Football im Oranje-Freistaat, 1800-1890 A.H. Bain, Prinz Alfreds Jagd und die Rettung des Weißschwanzgnus South-South Migration, Transnational Ties and Denationalization in the HEFT 43 LENA MUCHA 2014 National Football Teams of Equatorial Guinea and Togo Friedlicher ziviler Widerstand im Kontext des urbanen Konfliktes im Stadtteil Comuna 13 in Medellín (Kolumbien) HEFT 44 DUŠKO BAŠIĆ 2015 The United Nations of Football South-South Migration, Transnational Ties and Denationalization in the National Football Teams of Equatorial Guinea and Togo KÖLNER ETHNOLOGISCHE BEITRÄGE Herausgegeben von Michael J. Casimir Heft 44 Duško Bašić 2015 DUŠKO BAŠIû The United Nations of Football South-South Migration, Transnational Ties and Denationalization in the National Football Teams of Equatorial Guinea and Togo KÖLNER ETHNOLOGISCHE BEITRÄGE Herausgegeben von Michael J. Casimir Heft 44 2015 Editor’s Preface The United Nations of Football engages with contemporary developments in professional football, in particular the recruitment of international players in national football teams. It scrutinizes these developments in view of South-South mobility, international football politics, and the players’ sense of identity and belonging. The study is based on a critical engagement with relevant theoretical approaches in the fields of international migration and the anthropology of football and combines it with empirical data derived from multi-sited fieldwork in Brazil and in social media networks. The study, supervised by Prof. Michaela Pelican, makes a valid contribution to the debate about the role of the nation state in contemporary identity politics in the field of football migration. It stands out by its effort to integrate the perspectives of international institutions (FIFA), national governments and, importantly, individual players. Moreover, the study sheds light on a regional trajectory (Latin America – Africa) that, so far, has been neglected in studies on football or migration. Moreover, it illustrates the limits of classical anthropological fieldwork and attests to the need for innovative methodological approaches to studying mobile subjects in a highly mobile world. Michael J. Casimir FÜR FRANK MEHRING Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 3 3. Denationalization in International Sport ................................................................................... 5 3.1 Denationalization in International Sport ...................................................................................... 6 3.2 De-ethnicization and Ethnicity ..................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Professional Clubs and National Sides ......................................................................................... 8 3.4 The ‘State/Nation – Grid’ ............................................................................................................. 9 3.5 Nationality in Modern Sport Events ........................................................................................... 10 3.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 11 4. Brazilian Football Talent and International Migration ......................................................... 13 4.1 Brazilian Football Exportation to the World .............................................................................. 13 4.2 Economist Approach: Push and Pull .......................................................................................... 14 4.3 Network Theories, Transfer Networks ....................................................................................... 15 4.4 Football Academies .................................................................................................................... 17 4.5 Elite Migration ........................................................................................................................... 18 4.6 Brazilian Football Exportation to the World II .......................................................................... 18 4.7 World System Theory Approach ................................................................................................ 19 4.8 From Brazil to Western Africa – Migration or Mobility? .......................................................... 20 5. The Legal Framework, FIFA: Organization, History of Statutes ......................................... 22 5.1 Organization ............................................................................................................................... 22 5.2 Nationality and Gender .............................................................................................................. 24 5.3 Legislation History ..................................................................................................................... 25 5.4 Nationality Statutes .................................................................................................................... 26 5.5 Outlook ....................................................................................................................................... 26 6. Case Studies ................................................................................................................................ 28 6.1 Transnational Ties – The Boateng Brothers ............................................................................... 28 6.2 Transnational Migration ............................................................................................................. 30 6.3 Transnational Ties in Football: Equatorial Guinea .................................................................... 31 6.4 Modern Labor Migration, ‘Jus Sanguinis’, ‘Jus Solis’ .............................................................. 32 6.5 The Argentinian Case ................................................................................................................. 33 6.6 “Excessive” Naturalizations ....................................................................................................... 35 7. Chapecoense – A Historical Reconstruction ............................................................................ 37 7.1 Chapecoense ............................................................................................................................... 38 7.2 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 41 8. Fieldwork .................................................................................................................................... 43 8.1 Setting-Out the Ground .............................................................................................................. 43 8.2 Biographical Accounts ............................................................................................................... 45 8.2.1 Danilo ...................................................................................................................................... 46 8.2.2 Rincón ..................................................................................................................................... 50 8.3 Cultural Themes ......................................................................................................................... 51 8.3.1 The African ‘Taboo’ ................................................................................................................ 51 8.3.2 Defiance, Rejection, Resistance – Group Identity ................................................................... 54 8.3.3 African Brazilian Background ................................................................................................ 56 8.3.4 Evangelicalism ........................................................................................................................ 57 8.4 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 60 8.4.1 Pragmatism as Prime Motivator ............................................................................................. 60 8.4.2 Localization in International Migration Research: Circular Migration ................................ 61 8.4.3 Cosmopolitanism
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