Rüstung Und Rüstungserprobung in Der Deutschen Marinegeschichte Unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Der Torpedoversuchsanstalt ( TVA )“

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Rüstung Und Rüstungserprobung in Der Deutschen Marinegeschichte Unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Der Torpedoversuchsanstalt ( TVA )“ „ Rüstung und Rüstungserprobung in der deutschen Marinegeschichte unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Torpedoversuchsanstalt ( TVA )“ DISSERTATION Zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophischen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Vorgelegt von M.A. Oliver Krauß, geb. 13.01.1966 Kiel, 2006 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Salewski Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Helmut Grieser Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Durch die zweite Prodekanin oder den zweiten Prodekan, Prof. Dr. Zum Druck genehmigt am: Wappen der TVA. Befindet sich noch heute an einem Gebäudeteil der heutigen Wehrtechnischen Dienststelle für Schiffe und Marinewaffen (WTD 71) in Eckernförde. 1 1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Forschungsstand und Quellenlage ..................................................................................................................8 2 Aufbau und Funktion der TVA bis zum Ende des 1. Weltkrieges ..........................................14 2.1 Die seestrategischen Konzeptionen der Kaiserlichen Marine.....................................................................14 2.2 Die Anfänge der preußischen Marine...........................................................................................................14 2.2.1 Die Ära Stosch (1872-1883)....................................................................................................................16 2.2.2 Die Zeit unter Caprivi(1883-1888)..........................................................................................................18 2.2.3 Der Einfluss Wilhelm II. auf die Flotte....................................................................................................21 2.2.4 Die Ära Tirpitz( 1897-1914)....................................................................................................................22 2.2.5 Die Flottengesetze und ihre Novellen......................................................................................................25 2.3 Rüstungserprobung und Versuchsstellen der Kaiserlichen Marine .........................................................28 2.3.1 Anfänge und soziale Voraussetzungen der Rüstungsentwicklung in der deutschen Marine ...................28 2.3.2 Institutionelle Einrichtungen zur Erprobung von Rüstungsmaterial und der Umgang mit Erfindungen .............................................................................................................................................30 2.3.3 Praktische Erprobung am Beispiel des Torpedoboot- und U-Bootbaues................................................36 2.3.4 Entwicklungen und Erprobungen in der Marineluftfahrt und den Fernlenkbooten ................................39 2.4 Die Bedeutung des Torpedos in der Seekriegsstrategie der Kaiserlichen Marine....................................54 2.5 Entwicklungsgeschichte des Torpedos..........................................................................................................59 2.6 Gliederung des Torpedowesens in der Kaiserlichen Marine ......................................................................71 2.7 Die Inspektion des Torpedowesens (T.I.) und Torpedowerkstatt(T.W.) Kiel: Aufgabe und Organisation ...................................................................................................................................................87 2.8 Die Entstehung des Schießstandes Eckernförde ........................................................................................115 2.9 Entwicklungen und Erprobungen in der Torpedowerkstatt und am Schießstand Eckernförde während des Ersten Weltkrieges ................................................................................................................120 3 Aufgabe und Bedeutung der TVA in der Reichsmarine bis zum Jahre 1935 ......................126 3.1 Die Folgen des Versailler Vertrages für die Marine und das Torpedowesen..........................................126 3.2 Die T.M.I ( Inspektion des Torpedo- und Minenwesens ).........................................................................128 3.3 Neuaufbau und Struktur der TVA..............................................................................................................132 4 Aufgabe und Funktion der TVA in der Kriegsmarine bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges.................................................................................................................................136 4.1 Kriegswirtschaft und Marinerüstung 1939-45...........................................................................................136 4.1.1 Entwicklung von Wehrmaterial/Patententwicklung...............................................................................138 4.2 Erprobung von Wehrmaterial (Organisation und Aufgabe von OKM/TWa / Abteilung FEP)............144 4.3 Versuchs- und Erprobungsstellen der Kriegsmarine................................................................................151 4.3.1 Chemisch-Physikalische Versuchsanstalt der Marine (C.P.V.A.) .........................................................152 4.3.1.1 Entwicklungen der CPVA: ......................................................................................................................................152 4.3.2 Dienststellen des Minen- und Sperrwesens ...........................................................................................157 4.3.2.1 Entwicklungen des Sperrwaffenversuchskommandos(SVK)...................................................................................160 4.3.3 Die Nachrichteninspektion(N.I.) und das Nachrichtenversuchskommando (N.V.K), ehemals Nachrichtenmittelversuchsanstalt(N.V.A.).............................................................................................163 4.3.3.1 Die Entwicklung des Nachrichtenmittelversuchskommandos (N.V.K.)..................................................................165 4.3.3.2 Entwicklungen im Bereich der Funkmesstechnik bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges.....................................166 4.3.4 Das Artillerieversuchskommando (A.V.K.)............................................................................................175 4.3.5 Das Erprobungskommando für Kriegsschiffneubauten. (E.K.K.) .........................................................176 2 4.4 Die Organisation des Torpedobaus bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Entwicklung, Erprobung, Fertigung..................................................................................................................................178 4.4.1 Technischer Entwicklungsstand der Torpedowaffe. ..............................................................................185 4.4.2 Militärisch-zivile Zusammenarbeit in der Torpedowaffe ......................................................................201 4.5 Organisation und Liegenschaften der TVA ...............................................................................................208 4.5.1 Personal und Personaldeckung .............................................................................................................230 4.5.2 Geschäftsbeziehungen In-/Ausland; Rüstungskooperation ...................................................................241 4.5.3 Einsatz von Zwangsarbeitern ................................................................................................................244 4.6 Rüstungserprobung und Entwicklungen im Zusammenwirken mit der TVA. Probleme - Analysen. Patente.........................................................................................................................................253 4.6.1 Technische Einzelentwicklungsvorhaben am Beispiel Projekt „Krabbe“, und Fernlenktorpedo „Nyk“ und „Ny“....................................................................................................................................254 4.6.1.1 Projekt „Krabbe“ .....................................................................................................................................................254 4.6.1.2 Der Fernlenktorpedo „NY“ und „NYK“..................................................................................................................261 4.7 Die „Torpedokrise“ und ihre Bedeutung für die TVA..............................................................................266 4.7.1 Ursachen................................................................................................................................................268 4.7.2 Prozessverlauf .......................................................................................................................................289 4.7.3 Folgen des Prozesses und Aussagen der am Prozess beteiligten Personen ..........................................296 4.8 Torpedokrise in Amerika.............................................................................................................................309 5 Die TVA nach 1945. Ihr Ende und Neuanfang als Erprobungsstelle für die Bundeswehr.315 5.1 Die TVA bei Kriegsende; Nutzung durch die Alliierten und Teilzerstörung 1948/49...........................315 5.2 Die Wiedernutzung der TVA Liegenschaften als „Erprobungsstelle für Marinewaffen“ und die Gründung des Bundesamtes für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung(BWB) ................................................331 5.3 Torpedoentwicklungen und Einführung in den Anfängen der Bundeswehr ..........................................335
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