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Archives Search Report Operational History for Potential Environmental Releases Fort Detrick Archives Search Report Operational History for Potential Environmental Releases Fort Detrick Frederick, MD 16 June 2014 Prepared by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers St. Louis District Prepared for U.S. Army Environmental Command (USAEC) and U.S. Army Garrison Fort Detrick Fort Detrick Frederick, MD Archives Search Report - Operational History for Potential Environmental Releases ARCHIVES SEARCH REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 REPORT AUTHORIZATION .................................................................................. 1 1.2 SUBJECT .................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 PURPOSE .................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 General .................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Reference Material ................................................................................................ 5 1.4.3 Classified Reference Material ............................................................................... 6 2 ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTATION RELATING TO FORT DETRICK .................. 7 2.1 DOCUMENTATION GENERAL ...................................................................................... 7 2.2 CAMP/FORT DETRICK PUBLISHED REPORTS .............................................................. 9 2.3 CAMP/FORT DETRICK NOTEBOOKS ......................................................................... 10 2.4 CAMP/FORT DETRICK TEST PLANS .......................................................................... 11 2.5 CAMP/FORT DETRICK MONTHLY, QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL REPORTS ................. 11 2.6 SAFETY PROGRAM ................................................................................................... 11 2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ......................................................................... 12 2.7.1 Installation Assessment of Fort Detrick, January 1977 ...................................... 12 2.7.2 U.S. Army Activities in the U.S. Biological Warfare Programs 1942-1977, February 1977 ..................................................................................................... 13 2.7.3 Field Investigation of Uncontrolled Hazardous Wastes Sites on Fort Detrick, June 1981 ............................................................................................................. 13 2.7.4 Evaluation of Fort Detrick Sanitary Landfill Area B Phase III Report. May 1989 ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.7.5 Geohydrologic Study No. 38-26-KI32-92 Phase 2 Area A UST Investigation, Fort Detrick, May 1992 ....................................................................................... 14 2.7.6 Groundwater Consultation No. 38-26-K1KJ-93, 19-23 April 1993 ................... 14 2.7.7 TCE Contamination – Building 568 Site Investigation report, July 1993 .......... 14 2.7.8 Geohydrologic Study No. 38-EM-3925-95, 7 Area A UST Investigation August – 6 December 1995 ................................................................................................. 14 2.7.9 Hazardous Waste Study No. 37-EF-5012-96, Area A Laboratory Complex, 5 June 1996 ............................................................................................................. 14 2.7.10 Groundwater Consultation No. 38-EH-8004-98 Groundwater Quality at Buildings 940 and 950, 2-5 March 1998 ............................................................. 14 2.7.11 Sampling Protocol, Hazardous Waste Study No. 37-EF-3215-99, Building 1058 Environmental Health Chemical Sampling Plan, September 1999 .................... 14 2.7.12 Aerial Photographic Analysis Fort Detrick Area B Site, January 2001 ......... 15 Table of Contents i Fort Detrick Frederick, MD Archives Search Report - Operational History for Potential Environmental Releases 2.7.13 Groundwater Consultation No. 38-EH-6380-01 Groundwater Quality, Building 950, 31 July 2001 ............................................................................... 15 2.7.14 Landfill Sludge Disposal Radiological Assessment, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission License No. 19-01151-02, March 2003 ........................................ 15 2.7.15 Area B-11 Burial Trenches Radiological Assessment, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission License No. 19-01151-02, September 2003 .................................. 15 2.7.16 Closed, Transferring, and Transferred Site Inventory for Fort Detrick, December 2003 .................................................................................................. 15 2.7.17 2010-03-18 Environmental Assessment Real Property Master Plan for Army Controlled Land at Areas A and C of Fort Detrick, March 2010 ..................... 16 2.7.18 Environmental Assessment for the Construction and Operation of Proposed Projects on Area B of Fort Detrick, December 2010 ........................................ 16 2.8 GENERAL FEDERAL RECORDS MANAGEMENT ......................................................... 16 3 GENERAL HISTORICAL SUMMARY .................................................................... 18 3.1 DETRICK FIELD, 1929-1942 ..................................................................................... 18 3.2 U.S. BIOLOGICAL WARFARE RESEARCH BEGINS, 1941-1942 ................................. 19 3.3 CAMP DETRICK, 1943-1945 ..................................................................................... 20 3.4 POST-WAR YEARS, 1945-1950 ................................................................................ 22 3.5 GROWTH OF CAMP DETRICK, 1950-1955 ................................................................ 22 3.6 FORT DETRICK, 1956-1969 ...................................................................................... 24 3.7 DECLINE OF OFFENSIVE BW RESEARCH AT DETRICK, 1969-1973 .......................... 25 3.8 ARMY GARRISON FORT DETRICK, 1973-PRESENT ................................................... 26 4 GENERAL HISTORIC MAP ANALYSIS ................................................................. 28 4.1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 28 4.2 BUILDING NUMBERING ............................................................................................ 28 5 BW OPERATIONS, AGENTS AND DECONTAMINATION ................................ 29 5.1 GENERAL BW RDT&E ............................................................................................ 29 5.2 SAFETY PROGRAM ................................................................................................... 31 5.3 BW ANTI-PERSONNEL AND ANTI-ANIMAL AGENTS ................................................ 33 5.3.1 General ................................................................................................................ 33 5.3.2 BW Agent Codes .................................................................................................. 34 5.4 ANTI-CROP AGENTS (BIOLOGICAL PATHOGENS) TESTING ...................................... 38 5.5 CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS ................................................................................ 39 5.6 DECONTAMINATION ................................................................................................. 40 5.6.1 General ................................................................................................................ 40 5.6.2 Decontamination 1943 - 1970 ............................................................................. 41 5.6.3 Decontamination Certification 1971-1973 ......................................................... 46 5.7 DEMILITARIZATION OPERATIONS ............................................................................ 48 5.7.1 General ................................................................................................................ 48 5.7.2 Anti-Crop Stockpile and Demilitarization ........................................................... 48 6 BW RDT&E FACILITIES ........................................................................................... 51 Table of Contents ii Fort Detrick Frederick, MD Archives Search Report - Operational History for Potential Environmental Releases 6.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 51 6.2 LABORATORIES ........................................................................................................ 52 6.2.1 General ................................................................................................................ 52 6.2.2 Plant Pathogen Laboratory, Building 374 .......................................................... 54 6.3 ENCLOSED TEST CHAMBERS .................................................................................... 54 6.3.1 General ................................................................................................................ 54 6.3.2 Building T-129 (aka Building 429), Temporary “Cloud Chamber” .................. 55 6.3.3 Building D-24 (aka Building 524), Permanent
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