Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Corporate Image Pada Perusahaan Rokok Di Indonesia

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Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Corporate Image Pada Perusahaan Rokok Di Indonesia WAHANA: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi, Volume 23 No. 2 Agustus 2020 Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Corporate Image pada Perusahaan Rokok di Indonesia Sigit Pramono1, Rini Safitri2* dan Dunga Dwi Barinta3 Afiliasi Abstract. This study aims to measure the effect of CSR on 1, 3 Universitas Brawijaya Malang Corporate Image. The research approach used 2 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang explanatory research analysis. The sample of this research is people who know about CSR which is applied in cigarette *Koresponden companies. The implementation of CSR for cigarette [email protected] companies is important as a form of contribution to society. However, the implementation of CSR in cigarette companies is still considered as part of a promotional Artikel Tersedia Pada strategy alone. The debate on the application of CSR to the http://jurnalwahana.aaykpn.ac.id/in cigarette industry is an interesting part to discuss. The dex.php/wahana/index results of this study reveal that CSR is a determining factor in shaping and strengthening a company's image. In DOI: addition, the findings in this study confirm that Altruistic https://doi.org/10.35591/wahana.v Responsibility which focuses on improving the welfare of 23i2.247 the community will have a big impact on the company, the role of Altruistic Responsibility as a component of CSR that shapes the company's image will have an impact on Sitasi: company profitability, logistical support, and strengthen Pramono, S., Safitri, R., & Barinta, D. D. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Social public trust. Responsibility terhadap Corporate Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Image pada Perusahaan Rokok di Image, Perusahaan Rokok Indonesia. Wahana: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 23 (2), 195-210. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh CSR pada Corporate Image. Pendekatan Artikel Masuk penelitian menggunakan analisis explanatory research. 15 Juni 2020 Sampel penelitian ini adalah orang yang mengetahui tentang CSR yang diterapkan pada perusahaan rokok. Penerapan CSR bagi perusahaan rokok penting sebagai Artikel Diterima 30 Juli 2020 bentuk kontribusi terhadap masyarakat. Namun, penerapan CSR pada perusahaan rokok masih dianggap sebagai bagian dari strategi promosi semata. Perdebatan dalam penerapan CSR pada industri rokok menjadi bagian yang menarik untuk dibahas. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa CSR menjadi faktor penentu dalam membentuk dan memperkuat citra perusahaaan. Selain itu, temuan pada penelitian ini menegaskan Altruistic Responsibility yang berfokus pada peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat akan memberi dampak yang besar pada perusahaan, peran Altruistic Responsibility sebagai komponen dari CSR yang membentuk citra Pramono, Safitri & Barinta Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Corporate Image pada Perusahaan Rokok di Indonesia perusahaan akan berdampak memperkuat kepercayaan masyarakat. pada profitabilitas perusahaan, Kata kunci: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate dukungan logistik, dan Image, Perusahaan Rokok Pendahuluan Beberapa peneliti menyatakan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) menjadi hal penting yang harus diperhatikan oleh perusahaan (Pomering dan Johnson, 2009; Virvilaitė dan Daubaraitė, 2011; Wang et al., 2015; Park, 2019). CSR menuntut perusahaan untuk memperhatikan permasalahan ekonomi, hukum, dan teknologi yang terjadi akibat aktifitas bisnis yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan. McWilliams dan Siegel (2001) mengungkapkan bahwa peran CSR mendorong perusahaan untuk memberikan manfaat sosial pada masyarakat, seperti ekonomi, hukum, dan teknologi sebagai bentuk kepedulian selain dari bisnis, seperti yang dikutip Fraj-Andrés et al. (2012). CSR dalam sudut pandang manajer merupakan alat dalam menyusun strategi, memenuhi regulasi, dan mempertahankan standar yang ditetapkan perusahaan. Secara teoritis, kondisi tersebut menjelaskan perubahan CSR dari manfaat secara sosial menjadi manfaat strategis yang digunakan oleh perusahaan dalam mencapai pembangunan berkelanjutan (Hamidu, Haron dan Amran, 2015). CSR dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang penting dalam menciptakan citra perusahaan di mata konsumen (Pomering and Johnson, 2009; Martínez, Pérez and Del Bosque, 2014; Shabbir et al., 2018). CSR dapat meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif dan diferensiasi perusahaan yang mengarah pada tujuan dan keberhasilan bisnis perusahaan (Virvilaitė dan Daubaraitė, 2011). Selain itu, CSR merupakan faktor penting yang membentuk citra perusahaan (Herstein, Mitki dan Jaffe, 2008; Lindgreen dan Swaen, 2010; Yeo dan Youssef, 2010; Ailawadi et al., 2012). Devinney (2009) dan Fraj-Andrés et al. (2012) menjelaskan bahwa penilaian konsumen pada CSR yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan menjadi salah satu hal yang memungkinkan berpengaruh pada citra dan posisi perusahaan. Selain itu tidak banyak penelitian CSR yang menggunakan dimensi yang dikembangkan oleh lantos. Beberapa penelitian cenderung menggunakan dimensi CSR berdasarkan penelitian carrol. Penelitian ini juga akan membuktikan dimensi CSR yang dikemukakan oleh lantos memiliki peran dalam membentuk konstruk CSR. Menurut Lantos (2002) dalam penelitiannya mengatakan bahwa CSR terdiri dari tiga dimensi yang diklasifikasikan menjadi ethical responsibility, altruistic responsibility, dan strategic responsibility (Virvilaitė dan Daubaraitė, 2011). Ethical responsibility merupakan dimensi CSR untuk adil dalam pengambilan keputusan dan pemenuhan komitmen ekonomi, hukum, serta etika perusahaan (Mohammed dan Rashid, 2018; Kim et al., 2017). Altruistic responsibility berupa tanggung jawab sosial yang berfokus pada peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat (Virvilaitė dan Daubaraitė, 2011; Hamidu, Haron dan Amran, 2015). Altruistic responsibility tidak hanya memberi dampak pada satu aspek, namun juga memberikan dampak pada profitabilitas, manajemen sumber daya manusia, dukungan logistik, dan pemasaran yang merupakan bagian dari operasional perusahaan (Virvilaitė dan Daubaraitė, 2011). Dengan demikian, altruistic responsibility merupakan investasi yang nantinya berpengaruh terhadap citra dan keberlanjutan hidup perusahaan. Strategic responsibility merupakan dimensi CSR Wahana: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi, Agustus 2020 [196] Pramono, Safitri & Barinta Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Corporate Image pada Perusahaan Rokok di Indonesia yang berfokus dalam publisitas positif perusahaan (Virvilaitė dan Daubaraitė, 2011). Secara keseluruhan, dimensi CSR mengintegrasikan masalah ekonomi dan hasil ke dalam kerangka kinerja sosial sebagai titik awal CSR yang efektif (Kim et al., 2017). Pentingnya CSR sebagai upaya dalam mendorong keberhasilan perusahaan telah disadari oleh seluruh organisasi bisnis. Penelitian sebelumnya (Fraj-Andrés et al., 2012) mengungkapkan penerapan CSR tidak hanya dilakukan oleh perusahaan besar, saat ini CSR juga diterapkan oleh perusahaan yang berskala Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) meskipun dalam penerapannya masih disesuakan dengan kondisi masing-masing UKM. Perusahaan yang skalanya lebih besar dari UKM sudah selayaknya menerapkan CSR disamping aktivitas bisnisnya. Berdasarkan ruang lingkup dan dampak aktivitas bisnisnya, perusahaan besar dapat menjadikan CSR sebagai rencana kegiatan secara berkelanjutan (Hamidu, Haron dan Amran, 2015). Perhatian terhadap CSR tidak hanya melibatkan internal perusahaan dan konsumen sebagai pengguna produk perusahaan. Dampak aktivitas bisnis yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan seperti hak asasi manusia, polusi lingkungan, etika perusahaan, hubungan masyarakat, dan permasalahan lainnya, memposisikan CSR sebagai hal yang diperhatikan oleh para stakeholder. Termasuk di Indonesia, penetapan CSR didukung oleh regulasi yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Pemerintah Indonesia menyusun rancangan undang- undang penerapan CSR untuk seluruh perusahaan, awalnya regulasi tersebut hanya untuk perusahaan yang memanfaatkan sumber daya alam dalam bisnisnya (Yanto, 2012; Triyono, 2016). Meskipun CSR penting dalam semua bidang industri, namun CSR tampaknya sering digunakan oleh sektor perbankan (Balmer, 2017; Pratihari and Uzma, 2018). Beberapa penelitian telah menguji peran CSR terhadap Corporate Image pada industri perbankan (Wang et al., 2015; Bednarska-Olejniczak, 2016; Al Mubarak, Hamed dan Al Mubarak, 2019). Hasil penelitiannya menunjukan terdapat pengaruh antara CSR terhadap Corporate Image. Namun, penelitian CSR terhadap Corporate Image sulit ditemukan pada industri rokok. Industri rokok memegang peran penting dalam stabilitas ekonomi, khususnya berkaitan dengan penyedia lapangan pekerjaan dan pemasukan pajak bagi pemerintah. Disisi lain, industri rokok menimbulkan ketergantungan ekonomi yang ditimbulkan kepada petani dan juga kerusakan produk akhirnya (Bossle et al., 2015). Industri rokok juga menimbulkan masalah sosial di masyarakat seperti, kesehatan, pencemaran lingkungan, dan edukasi pada penggunanya (Abdurakhman, 2018). CSR pada perusahaan rokok masih menjadi perdebatan sebagai strategi marketing yang hanya memberikan manfaat pada perusahaan (Rahman, 2015; Restu, 2019; Hayati, 2019). Pada penelitian ini sudut pandang CSR akan dinilai berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat sehingga dapat membuktikan peran CSR dalam membangun Corporate Image pada perusahaan rokok. Selain itu tidak banyak penelitian CSR yang menggunakan dimensi yang dikembangkan oleh lantos. Beberapa penelitian cenderung menggunakan dimensi CSR berdasarkan penelitian carrol. Penelitian ini juga akan membuktikan dimensi CSR yang dikemukakan oleh lantos
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