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Instituto Federal Do Espírito Santo Campus Piúma Curso De Engenharia De Pesca INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO CAMPUS PIÚMA CURSO DE ENGENHARIA DE PESCA LUCIANO PINTO DE ALMEIDA ASPECTOS DA PESCA E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE LAGOSTA NO ESPÍRITO SANTO PIÚMA 2019 LUCIANO PINTO DE ALMEIDA ASPECTOS DA PESCA E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE LAGOSTA NO ESPÍRITO SANTO Monografia apresentada à Coordenadoria do Curso de Engenharia de Pesca do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Piúma, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Bacharel em Engenharia de Pesca. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jones Santander Neto PIÚMA 2019 LUCIANO PINTO DE ALMEIDA ALGUNSASPECTOS DA PESCA E COMERCIALIZAÇÃODE LAGOSTANO EsplR1TO SANTO Monografia apresenlada à coordenadoria I do Curso de Engenharia de Pesca dOI' Inslilulo Federal do Espíritó Sanlo, Campus Pluma, Cómo requisito parclôl para a l obtenção do titulo de Bac.'1arel em f Engenharia de Pesca, i I '--------------,--' Aprovado em O 6 de _~J. d de 2019. BancaExaminadora: Prof. Dr. Jones Sanlander Neto Pref. MSc. Victor Hugo da Silva Valéria Instituto ederal do Espírito Santo DiegoCesar Bezerra Crystello Bacharelem Engenhariade Pesca Plúma,2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente a Deus, pois sem ele nada seria possível, a ele entrego meus passos. Aos meus pais, Benigno Rocha de Almeida e Rosena Francisco Pinto de Almeida, por acreditarem em mim e sempre me encorajar, sendo meu suporte de forma incondicional. Aos meus irmãos, Fábio Pinto de Almeida e Fabiana Pinto de Almeida, por não pouparem esforços em me ajudarem a vencer esta etapa. As minhas filhas, Kamilla Correia da Silva Almeida e Yasmin Correia da Silva Almeida, pela compreensão durante os momentos difíceis. A minha esposa, Fabiana Cristina Correia da Silva Almeida, por toda a dedicação e por ser sempre meu porto seguro. A meu professor orientador, Jones Santander Neto, pela paciência, por me passar conhecimento e experiência. Ao professor Juarez Barroso Coelho, que acreditou no projeto e disponibilizou todo o suporte, possibilitando a realização. As minhas parceiras de projeto, Tatiana Cezar de Almeida e Ana Claudia França. Aos membros da banca, Diego Cesar Bezerra Crystello e Victor Hugo da Silva Valério, por estarem dispostos a empregar seu tempo em me avaliar, em um momento tão importante na minha vida. Aos professores, pela entrega e comprometimento em transmitir o saber. Aos funcionários da biblioteca Clarice Lispector, em especial para Ana Muller, pelo carinho e compromisso, estando sempre disposta a ajudar. A todos os Funcionários da instituição, por tornarem um ambiente agradável e familiar. Ao meu amigo Valdenir Almeida Santos, por ser um exemplo de superação e por estar sempre disposto a colaborar durante toda a pesquisa. A todos meus colegas de turma, mesmo aos que ficaram pelo caminho, pois de uma forma ou outra, pude aprender um pouco, com cada um de vocês. Enfim, um muito obrigado a todos que estiveram presente durante esta jornada. “[tenho a impressão de ter sido uma criança brincando à beira-mar, divertindo-me em descobrir uma pedrinha mais lisa ou uma concha mais bonita que as outras, enquanto o imenso oceano da verdade continua misterioso diante de meus olhos...]” Isaac Newton. RESUMO As lagostas possuem grande importância comercial e gastronômica, em todo o mundo. Três grupos taxonômicos são mais explorados comercialmente: Nephropidae, Palinuridae e Scyllaridae. Apenas as Famílias Palinuridae e Scyllaridae são encontradas na costa brasileira, sendo as espécies mais capturadas a Panulirus laevicauda e Panulirurus argus. Em 2016 Giraldes & Smyth, descrevem a Panulirus argus ocorrente no Brasil, como Panulirus meripurpuratus sp nov. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a pesca da lagosta no litoral sul capixaba, com ênfase nos municípios de Guarapari e Marataízes e discutir as Implicações comerciais e administrativas causadas pela nomeação da lagosta vermelha como Panulirus argus ou Panulirus meripurpuratus no Brasil. Entre setembro de 2016 a agosto de 2017, foram coletado dados dos aparelhos de pesca em Marataízes e realizados embarques mensais, no município de Guarapari, litoral sul do Espírito Santo. Os pescadores de Marataízes no litoral sul do Espírito Santo desenvolveram um método próprio, que diminui espaços ocupados e reduz custos. As redes possuem nomenclatura e características próprias da região. As espécies capturadas no estado, foram as três principais espécies capturadas no Brasil; Panulirus meripupuratus, P.laevicauda e Scyllarides brasiliensis. Foram capturados 39 peixes de 19 espécies diferentes e 16 famílias distintas. Os valores de CPUE, quando comparado a região nordeste do Brasil. A baixa CPUE pode ter sido determinada por uma série de fatores. A existência de diferentes estoques de lagosta vermelha no Brasil e a ausência de estudos detalhados a respeito das diferentes unidades de estoque, gerou uma extrapolação de legislação relacionada ao tamanho mínimo de captura e período de defeso para locais onde as características biológicas e ecológicas são diferentes. Palavras-chave: Crustáceos; Apetrecho de pesca; Fauna acompanhante; Pesca artesanal; Guarapari. ABSTRACT Lobsters are of great commercial and gastronomic importance worldwide. Three taxonomic groups are most commercially exploited: Nephropidae, Palinuridae and Scyllaridae. Only the Palinuridae and Scyllaridae families are found in the Brazilian coast, being the most captured species Panulirus laevicauda and Panulirurus argus. In 2016 Giraldes & Smyth describe Panulirus argus occurring in Brazil as Panulirus meripurpuratus sp nov. The present work aimed to characterize lobster fishing in the southern coast of Espírito Santo, with emphasis on the municipalities of Guarapari and Marataizes, and to discuss the commercial and administrative implications caused by the naming of red lobster as Panulirus argus or Panulirus meripurpuratus in Brazil. Between September 2016 and August 2017, fishing gear data were collected in Marataizes and monthly shipments were made in the municipality of Guarapari, south coast of Espírito Santo. The fishermen of Marataizes, on the south coast of Espírito Santo, developed their own method, which reduces the occupied spaces and the costs. Networks have nomenclature and characteristics selected from the region. As species caught in the state, they were the three main species caught in Brazil; Panulirus meripupuratus, P.laevicauda and Scyllarides brasiliensis. 39 fish of 19 different species and 16 distinct families were caught. The CPUE values recorded in the period were small when compared to the northeast region of Brazil. The low CPUE may have been determined by a number of factors that contributed to the results. The existence of different stocks of red lobster in Brazil and the lack of detailed studies on the different stock units, has led to an extrapolation of legislation related to minimum catch size and closed period to locations where biological and ecological characteristics are different. Keywords: Crustaceans; Fishing gear; By catch; Artisanal fishing; Guarapari. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 01 As três espécies de lagosta mais capturadas no mundo……. 15 Figura 02 Lagostas do Gênero Scyllarides capturadas no País. .............. 17 Figura 03 Configuração do compressor de oxigênio utilizado na pesca 19 de lagosta....................................................................................... Figura 04 Rede de fundo de nylon monofilamento………………………… 20 Figura 05 Armadilhas utilizadas na pesca de lagosta: a) Manzuá ou covo; b) cangalha……………………………………………………. 21 Figura 06 Caracteres diagnósticos do Gênero Panulirus………………… 24 Figura 07 Dimorfismo sexual que se apresenta nas espécies P. argus e P. laevicauda…………………………………………………………... 25 Figura 08 Distribuição geográfica das espécies da família Palinuridae com importância comercial, presente no brasil……………….... 28 Figura 09 Espécies de lagosta da família Scyllarides que ocorrem na costa brasileira………………………………………………………... 31 Figura 10 Covos (manzuá) utilizado na pesca de lagosta: A) utilizado no Espírito Santo; B) modelo tradicional……………………….... 39 Figura 11 Esquema da rede de espera de fundo, utilizada na pesca artesanal no Espírito Santo…………………………………………. 42 LISTA DE GRÁFICOS Gráfico 01 Captura de Panulirus laevicauda por tipo de fundo no litoral sul do Espírito Santo……………………………………………….... 45 Gráfico 02 Captura Panulirus laevicauda por mês no litoral do Espírito Santo……………………………………………………………………. 45 Gráfico 03 Quantidade de espécies diferentes, divididas por famílias…... 48 Gráfico 04 Captura de fauna acompanhante por mês………………………. 48 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 01 Medidas e Características do Covo (Manzuá) do litoral sul do Espírito Santo, comparado com o modelo tradicional aplicado na pesca da lagosta…………………………………. 40 Tabela 02 Características e medidas da rede de fundo utilizado no Espírito Santo.......................................................................... 43 Tabela 03 Espécies que compõem a fauna acompanhante na pesca de lagosta no litoral sul do E.S………………………………... 47 Tabela 04 Cálculos de CPUE por metro de rede no período de setembro de 2016 a agosto de 2017…………………………. 50 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS ES Espírito Santo FAO Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação IFES Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo DHN Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegação VTO Volume Total Ocupável CELC Comprimento do Espaço Livre no Convés LELC Largura do Espaço Livre no Convés AJC Altura da Janela da Casaria CC Comprimento do Cefalotórax PT Peso Total CPUE Captura por Unidade de Esforço SUMÁRIO 1 REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA................................................................
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