Japanese Attempts at Infiltration Among Muslims in Russia and Her
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X\t&1 , R & A No. 890.2 JAPANESE ATTEMPTS AT INFILTR. .TION ALONG MUSLIMS IN RUSSIA AND HER BORDERLANDS Description An analysis of Japanese organisation, and methods of propaganda, intelligence, and subversion as illustrated by operations directed to the Muslims of Russia and her border areas• august 1944 oj 0- Di I f\ ~ : f\ ' I— r* f\ CONFIDENTIAL - CONTROL l f Uv i - CM I l,\J (KncKtiMti^ PjJLlwATlOfiS READING ROOM * 5 \ ^ »> U *j V <=° <t?r& This document contains information affect¬ ing the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Act, 50 U.S.C., 31 and 32 as amended. Its transmis¬ sion or the revelation of its contents in any manner to an unauthorized person is pro¬ hibited by law. CONFIDENTIAL Summary Japanese organization for infiltration among Muslim minorities in Russia has been characterized by* 1, Patience and persistence over many years despite political changes, 2, Effective use of unofficial patriotic societies. 3, Coordination of work of those societies with that of military intelligence and the Foreign Office by means of interlocking personnel in Japan, 4, Reiteration with little change over several decades of a few propaganda themes, 5, Skillful agent penetration and recruitment of native personnel, 6, Merging of intelligence, subversion, and propaganda functions. The evidence available does not indicate that the results of the infiltration are of present military importance. Its chief value to the Japanese is in the field of intelligence. The material ir of value, however, for the pattern it gives of Japanese methods of espionage and subversion—methods which are currently being employed among bther groups and in other areas about which we know less. During the lent two years there has been a shift in overt Japanese activities among Muslims from the Anti-Soviet to the anti-British front. There is, however, as y^t no evidence that any permanent change in Japanese anti-Russian activities has taken place, CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary . I. Introduction* . 1 A* Purpose of the Study.. 1 B# Relation to Other Reports in the Muslim Series • • • 2 C# Chronological Framework of Japanese Interest in Minorities in Russia #••••#.. • 3 D# Note on Names of Persons • • • •.5 II# Agencies of Infiltrations. •• . 6 A# The Patriotic Societies •••••••••••••• 6 1. The Black Ocean Society • ••••#.•••• 5 2. The East Asia One-Culture Society.. 8 3. The Black Dragon Society • •••••••••• 9 4. The Reawakening of Greater Asia Society • • • 10 5« The White .Volf and Turan Societies •••••• 11 6# General influence .. 11 B# The Amy .... 13 C# The Foreign Office •«•••••«#•• . 18 III# Patterns of Operation ... 20 A# Introduction ••# •#•••••••••«•#•• 20 B# Propaganda #••• • •••••*•#••••••• 20 1. The Propagandists •••••••••••#•# 20 a# Japanese* • • •••••«•••#••••• 20 '.i# The making of a propagandist «»«•«• 20 ii# Hass an Uurshid Effendi Hatano# • # * • • 22 iii# Teijiro Sakuma ••••*•••••»•• 22 iv# Akio Kasama •••••••••••••• 23 v, Ha.jime Kobayashi •••••••••••• 23 vi# Koji Okubo ... • • • 24 vii# Chishu Naito •••••••••.•«•• 24 b# Non-Japanese #•••••#••••••«•• 25 i# Recruitment# •#•••«••••••#• 25 ii# Abdur Rashid Ibrahim ••••••#.•• 25 iii# Muhammad Abdul Hai Turban Ali# • • • • • 26 iv* Iyad Ishaqi. ••«•#••••«•••• 27 v# Yusuf Akchura Bey Oghlu# •••••••• 28 2# The Media# •«•••••••••• 29 a# Conferences . ••••••••• 29 b. The Press.. 30 i# Japanese Propaganda in the Muslim Press# 30 ii# Islamic Periodicals in Japan •••••• 31 CONFIDENTIAL f %> • • * I • * * / 4 * • /• • 4 « » » i • • • % * 4 * # • 4 • * • « ♦ * 4 * I A * * A 4 ► A * • 4 I • * .• • ■* • » * 4 9 CONFIDENTIAL ii Page c, Muslim Organizations in Japan- and Occupied Territory 31 i. The "Muslim Pact" of 1909# 31 ii. The Tokyo Islamic Urder* • » 32 iii. The Japan Residents * Muslim League , . 53 iv. The I.U.T.T.C.A. * 4 34 v. The Society of Islamic Culture « . • • 34 vi. The Institute of Islamic Studies • . • • 35 vii. The Greater Japan Muslim League. • • • 36 viii. The Muslim Student League. ••••••• 37 3. The Content. 37 a. The Influence of Islam in Japan, • ••••• 37 b. The Unity of Muslim and Japanese Interests • 38 i. Religious Uni-6y. • •..•••••••• 39 ii. Racial Unity • •••••••••••.. 40 iii. Geographic Unity ..• • • • 41 iv. Political Unity.. 41 v. Cultural Unity . .4444.. 41 C. Intelligence!, . 42 ; 4 1* Bases of Operation • ••••••••••••• 42 a. Turkey •••..•..4....4.4.4. 42 b. Iran •••••• 45 c. Afghanistan. .•••••••« 44 2. Types of Agent •••• «.• 44.4. 4.4. 45 a. Resident • ••••••••••. 45 b. Itinerant. • 4 • # 4 . ... * 4 • 46 c. Native •••••.44 . • ••.•• 49 D. Subversion and Sabo.tag© 51 Recent Developments. • ••••. • •.,•••••••. 53 Appendix I, Organizations ••••... •*.. Appendix II, V/ho*s who , . ... (otfo Appendix III, Muslims in the USSR ColIFI DEWTIAL * CONFIDENTIAL I* INTRODUCTION A* Purpose of the Study Japanese methods of infiltration and the organization of Japanese espionage and subversion have been little studied and are still less known. One phase of Japanese infiltration — that among the Muslim minorities of the Soviet Union —is presented here. The study has been made possible by Japan*s old but lively concern over the Russian borderlands and the self-glorifying publications of the Black Dragon Society. For more than forty years the Society, the dominating pressure group behind Japan’s Pan-Asiatic program, has been aggressive in espionage and subversion. 7»hile it veils with secrecy its living members and their activities, it generously publicizes and praises the patriotic deeds of expansionist-minded Japanese now dead. Since the Society first made a name for itself in anti-Russian activities,, they may be more successfully studied than those more recently initiated in other areasi Black Dragon publications have provided the bulk of the information for this paper.