DOCSLIB.ORG

Reproducing Sterile Neutrinos and the Behavior of Flavor Oscillations With

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reproducing Sterile Neutrinos and the Behavior of Flavor Oscillations With Reproducing sterile neutrinos and the behavior of flavor oscillations with superconducting-magnetic proximity effects Thomas E. Baker Department of Physics & Astronomy, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840 and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 (Dated: June 18, 2021) The physics of a superconductor subjected to a magnetic field is known to be equivalent to neutrino oscillations. Examining the properties of singlet-triplet oscillations in the magnetic field, a sterile neutrino{shown to be a Majorana fermion{is suggested to be represented by singlet Cooper pairs and moderates flavor oscillations between three flavor neutrinos (triplet Cooper pairs). A superconductor-exchange spring system's rotating magnetization profile is used to simulate the mass-flavor oscillations in the neutrino case and the physics of neutrino oscillations are discussed. Symmetry protected triplet components are presented as weak process states. Phases acquired due to the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov effect produce a complex phase that may be responsible for charge-parity violation in flavor oscillations. PACS numbers: 14.60.Pq, 13.35.Hb, 14.60.St, 14.60.Lm, 74.45.+c, 74.90.+n I. INTRODUCTION superconducting state depending on its strength. Weak magnetic fields are expelled from a superconductor [38] Neutrinos [1, 2] exist in three known flavors [3, 4] corre- since the photons of the applied field acquire a finite sponding to each generation in the Standard Model [5{7] mass in the symmetry broken superconducting state [15]. and have very small masses with respect to other particles At high magnetic fields, the superconducting state is de- [8{10]. These flavor states may oscillate [11, 12] between stroyed completely or forms an Abrikosov lattice of flux each other. Measuring the chirality of the neutrino shows vortices in a type-II superconductor [39]. that they are always left-handed [13, 14]. Despite these An intermediate regime of moderate magnetic fields experimental facts, a complete physical picture is difficult exists where the magnetic field is not strong enough to to determine due to the small cross section for measuring break the paired electrons and hybridizes the up and neutrino events. The conventionally accepted Standard down electron bands. Effectively, the electron with a Model does not account for oscillations of neutrinos [15]. spin collinear to the magnetic field has an increased mo- In certain situations, a condensed matter system may mentum (and decreased momentum for the anti-parallel possess properties that allow it to mimic a particle spin). This momentum splitting gives an oscillation in physics system. For example, dispersion relations caus- the superconducting order parameter between the sin- ing electrons to obey the Dirac equation [16], proper- glet and triplet Cooper pairs and was demonstrated ties of Weyl fermions in semi-metals [17{21], topologi- nearly simultaneously by Fulde-Ferrell [40] and Larkin- cal Majorana modes in gapped proximity systems [22], Ovchinnikov [41] (FFLO). and Anderson-Higgs modes in superconductors [23{28] all mimic the physics found in large particle experiments at high energies [29{33]. Studying the condensed matter physics may allow for details unavailable in the particle physics case to be analyzed in greater detail and with direct experimental verification. A model was constructed by Pehlivan-Balantehkin- arXiv:1601.00913v2 [hep-ph] 14 Feb 2016 Kajino-Yoshida (PBKY) in Ref. 34 which shows that a neutrino gas is analogous to a magnetic field ap- plied to a superconductor. Interestingly, conventional superconductivity, characterized by the Bardeen-Cooper- Schrieffer (BCS) [35] model, is a competing order to mag- netism because an electron's spin tends to align with a magnetic field. This breaks Cooper pairing{which are electrons of opposite spin forming a quasi-particle respon- sible for the superconducting state [35{37]. The PBKY model establishes that neutrino oscillations are equiva- lent to Cooper pairs in the analogy. Investigating the coexistence of these competing FIG. 1. A sterile neutrino (0) can transition to a flavored phases of matter is an worthwhile topic of its own; apply- state (νµ; ντ ; νe) just as singlets transition to triplets in su- ing a magnetic field can have a variety of effects on the perconducting proximity effects. 2 One system to study the FFLO effect, and therefore is summarized in Sec. II A. The PBKY model is phrased neutrino oscillations, is a superconductor in proximity to in Sec. II B as a mean field of another field and it is shown a ferromagnet [42{46]. The superfluid can tunnel into that the flavor basis has a source field. the adjacent material, and cause the entire system to become superconducting [47] with measurable results at nanoscale distances [48{51]. A. Overview of the The motivating feature of the FFLO effect that begs Pehlivan-Balantekin-Kajino-Yoshido model for comparison with neutrinos is that three triplet Cooper neutrinos pairs are connected to the singlet Cooper pair, just as three flavored neutrinos are connected to a sterile The most general Hamiltonian we can write for the neutrino{a simple extension of the Standard Model to two-flavor neutrino oscillation is [63] include flavor oscillations [52, 53]{and is summarized in Fig. 1. A sterile neutrino may couple to the flavor states y y y ∗ y H = Ω1a^1a^1 + Ω2a^2a^2 + Ωma^1a^2 + Ωma^2a^1 (1) via the mass term as though it were a right handed par- ticle. These particles have been suggested to be a candi- where the prefactors Ω are arbitrary complex coefficients. date for dark matter [52, 54{56]. The particular sterile The operatora ^y (^a) represents the creation (destruction) neutrino appearing here strongly satisfies the effects re- of a particle. quired of a dark matter candidate [57]. Assuming that particles 1 and 2 correspond to the mass In this paper, the connection between BCS supercon- basis, the Hamiltonian becomes ductivity with an applied magnetic field and the PBKY model from Ref. 34 is reviewed in Sec. II A. It is shown X m2 m2 H = 1 a^y(p)^a (p) + 2 a^y(p)^a (p) : (2) that a real external field is applied to the superconduct- ν 2p 1 1 2p 2 2 ing state in Sec. II B by examining the model for flavor p states. since the mass states propagate in a given system Section III A provides an overview of superconducting [64]. The energies of the two particles given by E = proximity effects by first discussing transport equations p 2 2 2 of the superfluid. The physics of those equations is dis- p + m ≈ const: + m =(2p). cussed in Sec. III B. Had we written this Hamiltonian in the flavor basis, for flavors α and β, the unitary transformation The connection between quantities in the particle physics case and the proximity system are covered in a^ (p) cos θ sin θ a^ (p) Sec. IV. Section IV A identifies neutrino type based α = 1 (3) a^ (p) − sin θ cos θ a^ (p) on the expansion of the Gor'kov function in the con- β 2 densed matter case. Section IV B uses the symmetry can be used where θ is a mixing angle. of the singlet state to identify the sterile neutrino as a Note that the term Majorana fermion. The minimally extended Standard Model (MESM) is shown to be analogous to Ginzburg- X m2 + m2 1 2 a^y(p)^a (p) +a ^y(p)^a (p) (4) Landau (GL) theory [58] in Sec. IV C. The physics of 4p 1 1 2 2 flavor oscillations are investigated by comparison with p superconductor-exchange spring systems (discussed in Sec. IV D and further discussed with particular regard is a constant assuming a constant number of neutrinos. to sterile neutrinos in Sec. IV E). Symmetry protected Subtracting it from Eq. (2) gives triplet components introduced in Refs. 59 and 60 are in- X ! y y terpreted as weak process states allowing for the con- Hν = a^ (p)^a1(p) − a^ (p)^a2(p) : (5) 2 1 2 servation of energy and momentum in Sec. IV F. The p angular momentum quantum number in the supercon- ductor is discussed in the neutrino case in Sec. IV G. The where Mikheyev-Smirnoff-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect is related 2 to polarization effects in Sec. IV H by noticing similar ! = δm =(2p) (6) behavior in the condensed matter case. A possible mech- 2 2 2 anism for charge-parity (CP) violation from the FFLO and δm = m1 − m2. Isospin operators in the mass basis phase is discussed in Sec. IV I. Other possibilities are cov- can be defined based on Eq. (5) as ered in Sec. IV J. 1 J z = (^ay(p)^a (p) − a^y(p)^a (p)); (7) p 2 1 1 2 2 J + =a ^y(p)a (p); J − =a ^y(p)a (p): (8) II. NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS p 1 2 p 2 1 which satisfy the SU(2) algebra The PBKY model presented in Ref. 34 equates a neu- + − z z ± ± trino gas with a superconductor in a magnetic field. This [Jp ; Jq ] = 2δpqJp ; [Jp ; Jq ] = ±δpqJp (9) 3 TABLE I. A correspondence table between neutrinos and Anderson's reformulation of BCS superconductivity [61] derived from the mathematical analogy of the PBKY model in Ref. 34. Items below the divide are introduced in this paper based on the PBKY model. Note that p, the energy of the Cooper pair, is 2! in the neutrino case. The vector Gor'kov function possesses an extra angular momentum, `, whose physical significance for the neutrino case is discussed in Sec. IV G. All other connections are justified in Sec. IV as well. Condensed Matter Superconductor Neutrino Particle Physics Pairing potential ∆(r) GF =V Vacuum symmetry breaking per gas volume Cooper pair momentum p p Momentum Time reversed counterpart p < 0 or ! < 0 jν¯e,µ,τ i Anti-neutrinos Matsubara frequency (T 6= 0) !n ! Vacuum oscillation Temperature T T Temperature Gor'kov Function F = f0 + ^v · f jνα $ νβ i Neutrino oscillations Vector Gor'kov function f jνe,µ,τ i Flavored neutrino oscillations Singlet Gor'kov function f0 jν0i Sterile Neutrino (Majorana) Magnetic field B B Source field Perpendicular, parallel component [62] f?; fk jν1i; jναi mass, flavor eigenstate Acquired angular momentum ` ` Flavor-Angular Momentum Cartesian coordinates ^r e; τ; µ Lepton flavors ~ y ~ Rewriting in terms of the vector J , and defining a vector operator as Jp = UpJpUp gives the same functional form B = (0; 0; −1), for the Hamiltonian, Eqs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Almanac, 03/28/78, Vol. 24, No. 25
    Lniphnee Pertormance Review Of Record: Office of ('o#nputinç' Activities Photocop ring for Educational Uses Published the of Weekly by University Pennsylvania Report of the Provost's Task Force on the Study of Ad,,,:ssions Volume 24, Number 25 March 28, 1978 Annenberg Friends Contribute Funds, Support The Annenherg Preservation Committee, a student organi/ation headed by undergraduate Ray (Ireenherg, and the Friends of the Zellerhach Theater are helping the Annenherg Center meet its $125.000 fundraising goal and ensure the continuance of a professional theater season here next year. Approximately $500 collected by the Annenherg Preservation Committee during the student sit-in March 2-6 which was in part sparked h' the proposal to limit or curtail professional theater at Annenherg was presented to Annenhcrg Center Managing Director Stephen Goff last week. The committee is now offering for sale "Save the Center" t-shirts ($3) and buttons ($I). One dollar from every sale will go to the Annenberg Center. The committee is also arranging a special Penn All-Star Revue performance in May to benefit the Center. Another group. Friends of the Zellerhach Theater, headed by Diana Dripps and trustee Robert Trescher, will sponsor a gala benefit performance of Much Ado About Nothing, which they are Book fro,n the University of Pennsylvania Press edition of calling "Much Ado About Something." Seats will sell for $50 and jacket The Gentleman. $100. and anonymous donors have agreed to match funds raised Country from the special event. "Lost" Comedy to Premiere In addition, all funds raised by both groups will he applicable to a A Country Gentleman, a comedy written and banned n 1669 and challenge grant which may be awarded by the National Endowment considered lost for more than 3(X) years will hac its world for the Arts.
    [Show full text]
  • HOPE Meetings Are Held for Excellent Graduate Students and Young Researchers Specially Selected from Countries Around the 9Th Asia-Pacific and Africa Region
    For Overseas Cooperating Institutions Objective HOPE Meetings are held for excellent graduate students and young researchers specially selected from countries around the 9th Asia-Pacific and Africa region. These meetings give an opportunity for the participants to engage in interdisciplinary discussions with Nobel laureates and other distinguished HOPE MEETING scientists pioneering the frontiers of knowledge. They also give the participants, who lodge together over the course of the event, a chance to make friends and form collegial networks with Nobel Laureates with peers from the regions. The title “HOPE Meeting” signifies the promise held for the future roles of young researchers and optimism for creating a bright S&T future within the global community. Date F ebruary 26- ■ Saturday, February 25: Orientation & Registration M arch 2, 2017 ■ Sunday, February 26: Nobel Prize Dialogue Tokyo 2017 Organizer Venue Tokyo , JAPAN Office of the HOPE Meetings, JSPS E-mail [email protected] Tel: +81-3-3263-2414 Fax:+81-3-3234-3700 HOPE MEETINGS with Nobel Laureates Organizing Committee of the HOPE Meetings ■ Chair Makoto Kobayashi <Nobel Laureate in Physics 2008> Honorary Professor Emeritus, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) ■ Members Noriko Osumi Mitsuhiko Shionoya Tohoku University The University of Tokyo Takaaki Kajita <Nobel Laureate in Physics 2015> Yousuke Takahama The University of Tokyo Tokushima University Kazuhiro Kosuge Fumio Hanaoka Tohoku University Tsukuba University Program of the HOPE Meeting The program
    [Show full text]
  • Ernest Rutherford and the Accelerator: “A Million Volts in a Soapbox”
    Ernest Rutherford and the Accelerator: “A Million Volts in a Soapbox” AAPT 2011 Winter Meeting Jacksonville, FL January 10, 2011 H. Frederick Dylla American Institute of Physics Steven T. Corneliussen Jefferson Lab Outline • Rutherford's call for inventing accelerators ("million volts in a soap box") • Newton, Franklin and Jefferson: Notable prefiguring of Rutherford's call • Rutherfords's discovery: The atomic nucleus and a new experimental method (scattering) • A century of particle accelerators AAPT Winter Meeting January 10, 2011 Rutherford’s call for inventing accelerators 1911 – Rutherford discovered the atom’s nucleus • Revolutionized study of the submicroscopic realm • Established method of making inferences from particle scattering 1927 – Anniversary Address of the President of the Royal Society • Expressed a long-standing “ambition to have available for study a copious supply of atoms and electrons which have an individual energy far transcending that of the alpha and beta particles” available from natural sources so as to “open up an extraordinarily interesting field of investigation.” AAPT Winter Meeting January 10, 2011 Rutherford’s wish: “A million volts in a soapbox” Spurred the invention of the particle accelerator, leading to: • Rich fundamental understanding of matter • Rich understanding of astrophysical phenomena • Extraordinary range of particle-accelerator technologies and applications AAPT Winter Meeting January 10, 2011 From Newton, Jefferson & Franklin to Rutherford’s call for inventing accelerators Isaac Newton, 1717, foreseeing something like quarks and the nuclear strong force: “There are agents in Nature able to make the particles of bodies stick together by very strong attractions. And it is the business of Experimental Philosophy to find them out.
    [Show full text]
  • C11 Commission on Particles and Fields Fermilab MS 370 +1(630)840-8071
    Patricia McBride C11 Commission on Particles and Fields Fermilab MS 370 +1(630)840-8071 His Excellency Mr. Tatsuo Kawabata Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 3-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo, 100-8959 Japan Your Excellency, The members of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) C11 Commission on Particles and Fields would like to acknowledge the significant and distinguished contributions of Japanese scientists and Japanese scientific research projects to the field of elementary particle physics. C11 promotes the exchange of information and views among the members of the international scientific community in the field of Particles and Fields. This field of science investigates the nature and properties of the fundamental constituents of matter and the forces acting between these constituents. In addition, the field encompasses the accelerators, detectors and techniques used in these investigations and the industrial applications of related technologies. Scientists working in Japan have made many major contributions to our field. The discovery of neutrino mass was heralded as one of the most important discoveries in elementary particle physics during the last quarter century. The first convincing evidence for neutrino masses came from Super-Kamiokande, a Japanese experiment. The Kamiokande experiment on the other hand, the predecessor of Super-Kamiokande, detected neutrinos coming from supernova 1987a. These detected neutrinos showed that we are able to understand the science of supernova explosions. In 2002, the Japanese scientist Masatoshi Koshiba won a Nobel Prize for his leading role in the Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande experiments. The Japanese research center KEK and the American research center SLAC have studied the difference between the behavior of matter and antimatter at their facilities known as "B-Factories".
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Lectures™ 2001-2005
    World Scientific Connecting Great Minds 逾10 0 种 诺贝尔奖得主著作 及 诺贝尔奖相关图书 我们非常荣幸得以出版超过100种诺贝尔奖得主著作 以及诺贝尔奖相关图书。 我们自1980年代开始与诺贝尔奖得主合作出版高品质 畅销书。一些得主担任我们的编辑顾问、丛书编辑， 并于我们期刊发表综述文章与学术论文。 世界科技与帝国理工学院出版社还邀得其中多位作了公 开演讲。 Philip W Anderson Sir Derek H R Barton Aage Niels Bohr Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Murray Gell-Mann Georges Charpak Nicolaas Bloembergen Baruch S Blumberg Hans A Bethe Aaron J Ciechanover Claude Steven Chu Cohen-Tannoudji Leon N Cooper Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Niels K Jerne Richard Feynman Kenichi Fukui Lawrence R Klein Herbert Kroemer Vitaly L Ginzburg David Gross H Gobind Khorana Rita Levi-Montalcini Harry M Markowitz Karl Alex Müller Sir Nevill F Mott Ben Roy Mottelson 诺贝尔奖相关图书 THE PERIODIC TABLE AND A MISSED NOBEL PRIZES THAT CHANGED MEDICINE NOBEL PRIZE edited by Gilbert Thompson (Imperial College London) by Ulf Lagerkvist & edited by Erling Norrby (The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) This book brings together in one volume fifteen Nobel Prize- winning discoveries that have had the greatest impact upon medical science and the practice of medicine during the 20th “This is a fascinating account of how century and up to the present time. Its overall aim is to groundbreaking scientists think and enlighten, entertain and stimulate. work. This is the insider’s view of the process and demands made on the Contents: The Discovery of Insulin (Robert Tattersall) • The experts of the Nobel Foundation who Discovery of the Cure for Pernicious Anaemia, Vitamin B12 assess the originality and significance (A Victor Hoffbrand) • The Discovery of
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Lecture by Toshihide Maskawa
    WHAT DOES CP VIOLATION TELL US? Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2008 by Toshihide Maskawa Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan. I would first like to thank the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Nobel Foundation for awarding me this honour, of which I had never even dreamt. I was born in 1940, the son of a furniture craftsman in the city of Nagoya, in Japan. My father wanted to change his job and was taking a correspondence course to become an electrical engineer, while he was a trainee furniture craftsman. However, he told me that he could not really understand sine and cosine, since he had not received a basic education. Eventually, though, he did manage a small furniture factory employing a few craftsmen and worked there himself. But this came to nothing because of the War, that reckless and miserable war which our country caused. After the War, he displayed in front of his house the door hinges, wood screws and other pieces of furniture, which remained at hand. They sold quite well. Getting a taste for selling, he became a merchant dealing with sugar as an ingredient for cakes. He still wanted to boast of his knowledge of electricity, but he could not find anyone suitable to explain it to. One day, though, he found a good tar- get: his son. In those poor days after the war, almost all the houses were without bath- rooms and so people went to the public bath. On his way to and from the public bath, he boasted of his knowledge: Why do three-phase current mo- tors rotate? Why don’t the solar and lunar eclipses occur every month? He explained proudly that it was because of the revolution planes of the earth around the sun, and of the moon around the earth, which are tilted at an angle of 5 degrees.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of the Reines Vista and the Art Piece
    The Story of the Reines Vista and the Art Piece The laser-cut stainless steel art piece designed by Lisa Cowden memorializing the life, family and research of her father and Nobel laureate Dr. Frederick Reines. The Story The stainless steel and wood art piece located near the corner of California Avenue and Bartok Court in University Hills is dedicated to the life, family, and research of Dr. Frederick Reines (1918 – 1998). Dr. Reines was a long-time University Hills homeowner, UC Irvine faculty member, and 1995 Nobel Laureate for the first detection of the neutrino. The prize is shared with his colleague Clyde Cowan for their joint neutrino detection in 1956 at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The Reines Vista sign, which was designed by his daughter Lisa Reines Cowden, contains graphical representations of Dr. Reines’ family, career, and interests. Along the sides of the sign are legends to some of the images, though not all. Much of the imagery is intentionally left unidentified. Users are invited by the artist to imagine what the undefined images might represent. Lisa first designed the sign as a sketch, and then with paper and scissors she personally cut out the design. She had the paper design scanned and put into CAD by an engineer friend. The CAD file was then used to guide a laser cutter to recreate the design on a sheet of stainless steel. A black locust wood frame completed the sign. Lisa Cowden dedicated the sign in a small, private ceremony on June 5th 2001. Facts • Located near the corner of Bartok Court and California Avenue in University Hills • Home builder Brookfield Homes assisted in the installation of the art piece For Further Study http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines http://www.ps.uci.edu/physics/reinestrib.html http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb1p30039g&chunk.id=div00047&brand=calisphere&doc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Charm of Theoretical Physics (1958– 1993)?
    Eur. Phys. J. H 42, 611{661 (2017) DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2017-80040-9 THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL H Oral history interview The Charm of Theoretical Physics (1958{ 1993)? Luciano Maiani1 and Luisa Bonolis2,a 1 Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy 2 Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Boltzmannstraße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany Received 10 July 2017 / Received in final form 7 August 2017 Published online 4 December 2017 c The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract. Personal recollections on theoretical particle physics in the years when the Standard Theory was formed. In the background, the remarkable development of Italian theoretical physics in the second part of the last century, with great personalities like Bruno Touschek, Raoul Gatto, Nicola Cabibbo and their schools. 1 Apprenticeship L. B. How did your interest in physics arise? You enrolled in the late 1950s, when the period of post-war reconstruction of physics in Europe was coming to an end, and Italy was entering into a phase of great expansion. Those were very exciting years. It was the beginning of the space era. L. M. The beginning of the space era certainly had a strong influence on many people, absolutely. The landing on the moon in 1969 was for sure unforgettable, but at that time I was already working in Physics and about to get married. My interest in physics started well before. The real beginning was around 1955. Most important for me was astronomy. It is not surprising that astronomy marked for many people the beginning of their interest in science.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniele Montanino Università Del Salento & INFN
    Daniele Montanino Università del Salento & INFN Suggested readings Notice that an exterminated number of (pedagogical and technical) articles, reviews, books, internet pages… can be found on the subject of Neutrino (Astro)Physics. To avoid an “overload” of readings, here I have listed just a very few number of articles and books which (probably) are not the most representative of the subject. Pedagogical introductions on neutrino physics and oscillations: • “TASI lectures on neutrino physics”, A. de Gouvea, hep-ph/0411274 • “Celebrating the neutrino” Los Alamos Science n°25, 1997 (old but still good), http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?number25.htm • Dubna lectures by V. Naumov, http://theor.jinr.ru/~vnaumov/ Recent reviews: • “Neutrino masses and mixings and…”, A. Strumia & F. Vissani, hep-ph/0606054 • “Global analysis of three-flavor neutrino masses and mixings”, G.L. Fogli et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 57 742 (2006), hep-ph/0506083 Books: • “Massive Neutrinos in Physics and Astrophysics”, R. Mohapatra & P. Pal, World Scientific Lecture Notes in Physics - Vol. 72 • “Physics of Neutrinos”, M. Fukugita & T. Yanagida, Springer Links: • “The neutrino unbound”, by C. Giunti & M. Laveder, http://www.nu.to.infn.it/ A NEUTRINO TIMELINE 1927 Charles Drummond Ellis (along with James Chadwick and colleagues) establishes clearly that the beta decay spectrum is really continous, ending all controversies. 1930 Wolfgang Pauli hypothesizes the existence of neutrinos to account for the beta decay energy conservation crisis. 1932 Chadwick discovers the neutron. 1933 Enrico Fermi writes down the correct theory for beta decay, incorporating the neutrino. 1937 Majorana introduced the so-called Majorana neutrino hypothesis in which neutrinos and antineutrinos are considered the same particle.
    [Show full text]
  • Award Winning Research Kyoto University Is Acknowledged As One of the Most Accomplished Research-Oriented Universities in Asia
    Award Winning Research Kyoto University is acknowledged as one of the most accomplished research-oriented universities in Asia. That reputation is 2016 testified by the accolades conferred on our alumni and researchers, most notably nine Nobel Prize laureates who undertook vital research during their time at the university. In addition to those awards, several other Kyoto University faculty members have received major accolades, including two Fields Medalists, one Gauss Prize winner, and five Lasker Award winners. Nobel Prize 1949, Physics 1965, Physics 1981, Chemistry 1987, Physiology and 2001, Chemistry Hideki Yukawa Shinichiro Tomonaga Kenichi Fukui Medicine Ryoji Noyori Susumu Tonegawa 2008, Physics 2008, Physics 2012, Physiology or 2014, Physics Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa Medicine Isamu Akasaki Shinya Yamanaka Fields Medal Gauss Prize Kyoto Prize 1970, Mathematics 1990, Mathematics 2006, Mathematics 1995, Basic Sciences 1998, Basic Sciences 2004, 2010, Heisuke Hironaka Shigefumi Mori Kiyoshi Ito Chushiro Hayashi Kiyoshi Ito Advanced Technology Advanced Technology Alan Curtis Kay Shinya Yamanaka Japan Prize Lasker Award 2005, Information and 2005, Cell Biology 1987, Basic Medical 1989, Basic Medical 1998, Basic Medical 2009, Basic Medical 2014, Basic Medical Media Technology Masatoshi Takeichi Research Research Research Research Research Makoto Nagao Susumu Tonegawa Yasutomi Nishizuka Yoshio Masui Shinya Yamanaka Kazutoshi Mori *photos provided by the Japan Prize Foundation ©e Nobel Foundation2012 photo by Alexander Mahmoud Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, director of the Prof. Kayo Inaba, Kyoto University’s Prof. Kazutoshi Mori of Kyoto Center for iPS Cell Research and executive vice-president for gender University’s Graduate School of Science Application (CiRA), receives the 2012 equality, international affairs, and public receiving the 2014 Albert Lasker Award Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • HOPE MEETINGS with Nobel Laureates
    For Overseas Cooperating Institutions HOPE MEETINGS with Nobel Laureates Objective HOPE Meetings are held for excellent graduate students and young 13th researchers specially selected from countries/areas around the Asia-Pacific and Africa regions. They give an opportunity for the HOPE participants to engage in interdisciplinary discussions with Nobel laureates and other distinguished scientists pioneering the frontiers of knowledge. They also give the participants, who lodge together MEETING over the course of the event, a chance to make friends and form with Nobel Laureates collegial networks with peers from the regions. https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-hope/index.html Nobel Prize Dialogue (NPD) Tokyo 2021 Reception for HOPE & NPD participants jointly hosted 17-21 by JSPS & Nobel Media AB ･ arch, 2021 Sunday, 21 March, 2021 M Venue (Tentative) Organizer Yokohama, Office of the HOPE Meetings, JSPS E-mail [email protected] JAPAN Tel: +81-3-3263-2414 Fax:+81-3-3234-3700 1 HOPE MEETINGS with Nobel Laureates Organizing Committee of the 13th HOPE Meeting ■Chair KAJITA Takaaki Nobel Laureate in Physics 2015 Director, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) Distinguished University Professor, The University of Tokyo ■Organizing Committee Members See: https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-hope/sosiki13.html Participants About 100 doctoral students and young researchers from the following countries/areas: Australia, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines,
    [Show full text]
  • LANL Overview Brochure
    LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB: • Delivers global and national nuclear security • Fosters excellence in science and engineering • Attracts, inspires and develops world-class talent that ensures a vital workplace MISSION VISION VALUES To solve national security To deliver science and technology Service, Excellence, Integrity, challenges through that protect our nation Teamwork, Stewardship, scientific excellence and promote world stability Safety and Security YOUR INNOVATION IS INVITED lanl.jobs www.lanl.gov/careers/career-options/postdoctoral- APPLY research [email protected] @LosAlamosJobs CONNECT linkedin.com/company/los-alamos-national-laboratory facebook.com/LosAlamosNationalLab youtube.com/user/LosAlamosNationalLab DISCOVER A WORLD-CLASS SETTING FOR NATIONAL SECURITY Learn about our programs, our people and our rewards WHAT WE DO SCIENCE PILLARS: LEVERAGING OUR CAPABILITIES Areas of Operation • Accelerators and Electrodynamics • Astrophysics and Cosmology INFORMATION SCIENCE MATERIALS FOR • Bioscience, Biosecurity and Health AND TECHNOLOGY THE FUTURE • Business Operations We are leveraging advances in theory, In materials science, we are • Chemical Science algorithms and the exponential optimizing materials for national • Earth and Space Sciences Values growth of high-performance security applications by predicting computing to accelerate the and controlling their performance • Energy integrative and predictive capability and functionality through • Engineering of the scientific method. discovery science and engineering. • High-Energy-Density
    [Show full text]