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May 2002 NEWS Volume 11, No May 2002 NEWS Volume 11, No. 5 A Publication of The American Physical Society http://www.aps.org/apsnews Latest Research in BECs, MgB2, March Meeting Prize and Among March Meeting Highlights Awards Recipients The biggest physics meeting of that the interactions that are the hancing the conductivity in that re- the year, the APS March Meeting, essence of superconductivity, the gion, inducing a metallic state and was held March 18-22, 2002 in In- pairing of electrons brought about producing superconductivity. diana at the Indianapolis by the interactions between elec- A field-effect setup helped to Convention Center. An estimated trons and concerted flexings boost the superconducting tran- 5000 talks were delivered. (phonons) in the material lattice, sition temperature in a crystal of The March Meeting is tradi- are potentially twice as strong in carbon-60 molecules up to 117 K tionally a showcase for important LiBC than in MgB, especially if holes last year. fundamental physics as well as the (the momentary vacancies left be- Terahertz Imaging: A New In- kind of practical research that hind by departed electrons) can be spection Technologyechnology. shows up — five, ten, or even 20 injected into the sample by a “field- Physicists are still discovering years later — in the productive la- effect” process. useful regions in the rainbow spec- bor-saving devices we take for This is a common procedure in trum of electromagnetic radiation. Photo credit: MediaWright, Inc. Photography and Video MediaWright, Photo credit: granted. transistors, where a gate electrode One such region is the realm Front row (l to r): Jim Eisenstein (research advisor for Kathryn Todd); Kathryn This year’s conference was no forces holes into a channel between of terahertz radiation, electro- Todd, Deborah S. Jin, Chris G. Van de Walle, Robert Wagner. Back row (l to r): exception, as speakers presented the other two electrodes, thus en- See HIGHLIGHTS on page 3 Nicholas Read, Robert J. Soulen, Jr., James Allen, Tom Witten, Thomas Timusk, the latest research results in Bose- Donald S. Bethune, Jainendra Jain, Robert Willett, Sumio Iijima, Timothy J. Einstein condensates (page 1), Women Physicists Explore Bunning, Carlos Bustamente, Anatoly L. Larkin, David Goldhaber-Gordon. physics-based tools for medicine (page 6), and the future of infor- Survival Skills at March Meeting mation technology. In addition to International Conference the technical sessions—several Looking around at a highlights of which are described physics conference like Grapples with Issues of below—there were also a series of the March Meeting, it is workshops on Sunday, including not difficult to see that Women in Physics one on career planning and devel- there are not many opment (page 3) and successful women attendees. In- Concern over the low number of egies to increase women’s partici- strategies for women physicists deed, it has been no women in physics worldwide was pation in the physics community. By (page 1). secret that women are one of the underlying themes at a comparing differences between re- Hopes for a Hole-Doped severely under-repre- groundbreaking international con- gions around the world, many new Metal Superconductorconductor. sented in physics. To ference on women in physics, held insights were gained. A list of 8 reso- Last year a new record was set address this issue, the 7-9 March in Paris, France, and or- lutions was passed unanimously by for a superconductor transition Committee on the Sta- ganized by the International Union the delegates and can be read, along temperature, 40 K, for an all-metal tus of Women in Physics of Pure and Applied Physics with a further list of recommenda- compound. Much more is known (CSWP), for the first (IUPAP). More than 300 delegates tions, at http://www.if.ufrgs.br/ now about these MgB2 materials. time, hosted a special — about 15% male, and another ~barbosa/conference.html. There is now hope that a re- workshop on the Sur- 15% or more women in their early “It was an amazing experience lated compound, LiBC, might vival Skills for careers— in 65 national teams gath- to look out over a room filled with operate at temperatures at high as Successful Women ered to discuss such issues as women physicists from all parts of Photo credit to Jessica Clark 100 K, as much as twice as high as Physicists in conjunc- Mildred Dresselhaus addresses the workshop. attracting more girls into physics, the world,” said Judy Franz, APS for MgB2. tion with the March balancing family and career, and Executive Officer and Associate At the APS meeting, Warren Meeting. The half-day workshop was chaired by APS Executive Of- getting more women into the phys- Secretary General of IUPAP, who, Pickett of UC Davis pointed out was held on Sunday, March 17 and ficer Judy Franz and Dongqi Li of ics leadership structure. Their job along with the IUPAP Working Argonne National Laboratory. A was not only to try to understand Group on Women in Physics took total of 42 people, evenly distrib- the severe under-representation but responsibility for organizing the Goldhabers Galore See SURVIVAL SKILLS on page 6 also to develop and implement strat- conference. “Women from almost every country in Europe and North America as well as many Af- Physicists Achieve Molecular rican, Asian, and South American countries shared a common sense BEC, Coexistent “Fermi Sea” of commitment to physics and to A molecular Bose-Einstein con- application of a magnetic field can women physicists.” densate (BEC) has been achieved alter the interaction force among the While the conference may be by Carl Wieman and his colleagues atoms in the trap, even as they re- over, the work certainly isn’t. The at the University of Colorado. side in the single quantum state teams returned home with re- Wieman reported at the APS which is the hallmark of Bose newed commitment. “I have never March Meeting in Indianapolis Einstein condensates. By adjusting been to any conference as inter- that his team had observed a quan- the magnetic field to be very close esting and inspiring from the The Goldhaber family is famous as a physics dynasty. Maurice Goldhaber, tum superposition of diatomic to the point where the interatomic beginning to the end,” wrote now 90, is still active after a long and distinguished career. He is a winner of the molecules and disassociated at- force goes from attractive to repul- Corinna Kausch, a delegate from Wolf Prize, the Enrico Fermi Award, and the Bonner Prize of the APS, and he oms in a trap. sive, a “Feshbach resonance” occurs See PARIS WORKSHOP on page 4 served as APS President in 1982. Among the other noted physicists in the Wolfgang Ketterle of MIT, like and some of the atoms form mol- family are his late wife, Gertrude Scharff Goldhaber, and their son, Alfred Wieman a recipient of the 2001 ecules. Scharff Goldhaber. Professor at the C. N. Yang Institute at SUNY Stony Brook. Nobel Prize in physics for BEC dis- The atoms and molecules are Alfred’s son, David Goldhaber-Gordon, is the recipient of this year’s Valley coveries, spoke at the same thought to be coherent, at least lo- HHighlight Prize for outstanding research done by a physicist under age 30. On the HH occasion of the presentation of the Valley Prize at the APS March meeting, session, and reported on some of cally, and maybe over longer members of the Goldhaber clan gathered in Indianapolis, and in addition to his latest findings. distances too. In this process the David’s prize talk, the meeting featured papers from Maurice and Alfred, as Having long used Rb-87 in his condensate appears first to implode well as from David’s wife Ilana (who is really a biologist). BEC experiments, Wieman has as and then rebound somewhat like a 5 Shown here (l to r) are: Robert Gordon (David’s father-in-law and professor of late been studying Rb-85 which, supernova, even to the extent of ViewPoint: of chemistry at the University of Illinois, Chicago), Ilana Goldhaber-Gordon, although it is harder to condense, sending out jets of particles and A Climate David Goldhaber-Gordon, Marc Kastner (head of the physics department at possesses just the right fine-grained leaving behind a remnant. The Change Policy for America MIT and David’s thesis advisor), Alfred Scharff Goldhaber, Alfred’s wife Suzan, set of quantum energy levels (hy- physics behind this “Bosenova” be- and proud paterfamilias Maurice Goldhaber. perfine levels) so that the See FERMI SEA on page 3 2 May 2002 NEWS This Month in Physics History “It’s important to stay on top of in all the time. I don’t use a cell May 24, 1844: Morse and the Telegraph the industry. because if you bet phone either. I think that having wrong, you can be out of business private space where a person can Sometimes technological in- successful than the tions tool — in a very short time.” hear his own thoughts and have novation can come from the British version for a one that not —George Whitesides, Harvard, on silences and time for contempla- most unlikely sources. Samuel number of reasons, only linked why nanotechnology will be important tion is extremely important. The Finley Breese Morse was born most notably its cities and to industry, The Futurist, March 1, 2002 modern world in which we’re in Charlestown, Massachusetts simple operation nations to- ✶✶✶ plugged in all the time makes it in 1791, the son of a local pas- and relatively low gether, but a “What the space station allows harder and harder to have those tor. He was not trained as a cost, and eventually medium us to do is open a whole new realm private spaces.
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