Metta & Mangala

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Metta & Mangala METTA & MANGALA METTA & MANGALA Penerjemah : Upa. Sasanasanto Seng Hansun Editor : Upi. Pemasuryani Fei Ling Desain & Tata Letak : poise design Ukuran Buku Jadi : 130 x 185 mm Kertas Cover : Art Cartoon 210 gsm Kertas Isi : HVS 70 gsm Jumlah Halaman : 106 halaman Jenis Font : Calibri Segoe UI Cinzel Bellota Diterbitkan Oleh : Vidyāsenā Production Vihāra Vidyāloka Jl. Kenari Gg. Tanjung I No. 231 Telp. 0274 542 919 Yogyakarta 55165 Cetakan Pertama, Juli 2013 Untuk Kalangan Sendiri Tidak diperjualbelikan. Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku dalam bentuk apapun tanpa seizin penerbit. Daftar Isi Metta Pendahuluan 3 Karaniya Metta Sutta 6 Kisah di Balik Metta Sutta 11 Tiga Aspek dari Metta 17 Etika-Etika Metta 20 Sisi Psikologis Metta 26 Meditasi Cinta Kasih 31 Berkah Metta 51 Kekuatan Metta 55 Tentang Penulis 60 Mangala Sutta Mangala Sutta 63 Naskah Pali 63 Terjemahan 66 Penjelasan Tentang Sutta 69 Pendahuluan 69 1. Tidak bergaul dengan orang dungu 70 2. Bergaul dengan para bijaksana 70 3. Menghormat yang patut dihormati 71 4. Hidup di tempat yang sesuai 71 5. Perbuatan baik yang dilakukan pada masa lampau 72 6. Membimbing diri dengan benar 72 7. Tekun belajar 73 8. Keterampilan praktis 73 9. Siswa yang terlatih dengan baik 74 10. Berujar dengan baik 75 11. Membantu ayah dan ibu 75 12. Merawat anak dan istri 76 13. Bertindak dengan benar 77 14. Dermawan 77 15. Hidup dengan melakukan kebajikan 78 16. Menyokong sanak saudara 78 17. Tidak melakukan perbuatan tercela 79 18. Menjauhi perbuatan jahat 79 19. Menghindari perbuatan jahat 79 20. Menahan diri dari minuman/makanan memabukkan 80 21. Tekun melaksanakan ajaran kebenaran 81 22. Memiliki rasa hormat 81 23. Berendah hati 81 24. Merasa puas 82 25. Bersyukur 82 26. Mendengar Dhamma pada waktu yang sesuai 83 27. Sabar 84 28. Mudah dinasihati 85 29. Menemui para bhikkhu 85 30. Berkesempatan membahas Dhamma 86 31. Menahan diri 87 32. Hidup dengan mulia 88 33. Memahami Empat Kebenaran Mulia 89 34. Mencapai Nibbana 90 35. Pikiran yang tak tergoyahkan 90 36. Tanpa kesedihan 91 37. Tanpa noda 92 38. Aman 92 Mencapai Kebahagiaan Di manapun Berada 93 Tujuh Tahapan Kesucian 94 Tentang Penulis 96 Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal oleh Acharya Buddharakkhita 2 Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal 1 Pendahuluan Kata metta (Pali) merupakan suatu istilah bermakna luas yang berarti cinta kasih, rasa bersahabat, kehendak baik, kebajikan, kekerabatan, kerukunan, tanpa itikad buruk dan tanpa kekerasan. Para ahli bahasa Pali mendefinisikan metta sebagai suatu dorongan kuat bagi kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan makhluk lain (parahita-parasukha- kamana). Pada intinya, metta adalah suatu sikap altruisme (sikap yang lebih mementingkan kepentingan makhluk lain dibandingkan dirinya sendiri) cinta kasih dan persahabatan yang dapat dibedakan dari sikap persahabatan yang semata- mata demi kepentingan atau keegoisan diri sendiri. Dengan metta, seseorang menolak untuk bersikap ofensif dan mendorong kepahitan, kebencian dan permusuhan terhadap semua makhluk; sebaliknya mengembangkan pikiran yang bersahabat, bermanfaat dan bajik yang mencari kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan makhluk lain. Metta yang sesungguhnya sama sekali tidak berlandaskan pada ego diri. Metta timbul sebagai suatu kehangatan dalam persahabatan, simpati dan cinta kasih, yang berkembang tanpa batas melalui latihan praktek tanpa membedakan agama, ras, politik, dan ekonomi di kalangan sosial. Metta sesungguhnya adalah cinta kasih universal (tanpa keegoan) yang melingkupi semua makhluk. Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal 3 Metta menjadikan seseorang sebagai wadah yang murni bagi kesejahteraan dan keamanan makhluk lain tanpa mengharapkan pamrih. Seperti layaknya seorang ibu mempertaruhkan kehidupannya sendiri demi melindungi anak-anaknya. Keinginan untuk memperoleh apa yang diinginkan merupakan suatu sifat dasar dorongan alamiah manusia. Saat dorongan ini diubah menjadi keinginan untuk mendukung keinginan baik dan kebahagiaan makhluk lain, tidak hanya dorongan dasar untuk mementingkan diri sendiri yang teratasi, namun pikiran juga menjadi universal dengan mengetahui keinginannya sendiri terhadap keinginan semua makhluk. Dengan melakukan perubahan ini, orang tersebut juga mendukung kesejahteraan dirinya sendiri dalam cara yang paling baik yang memungkinkan. Metta adalah sikap protektif dan sangat sabar dari seorang ibu yang tegar menghadapi semua rintangan demi kepentingan anaknya, dan bahkan tetap melindunginya atas kesalahan yang dilakukan anaknya. Metta juga merupakan sikap seorang sahabat yang ingin memberikan yang terbaik demi mendukung kesejahteraan orang lain. Jika kualitas-kualitas metta ini cukup dilatih melalui metta-bhavana — meditasi cinta kasih secara universal – hasilnya adalah timbunan kekuatan batin yang luar biasa yang akan menjaga, melindungi, dan menyembuhkan diri sendiri maupun makhluk lain. Di balik implikasinya yang lebih tinggi, saat ini metta merupakan suatu kebutuhan pragmatis (bersifat praktis dan bermanfaat). Dalam dunia yang dipenuhi oleh segala bentuk kejahatan, metta dalam pikiran, ucapan, dan perbuatan merupakan satu-satunya sarana konstruktif yang akan 4 Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal membawa kerukunan, kedamaian, dan pemahaman bersama. Sesungguhnya, metta adalah sarana tertinggi, karena ia membentuk prinsip dasar bagi seluruh agama sebagaimana menjadi dasar yang ditujukan untuk kesejahteraan makhluk lainnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendalami berbagai aspek metta, baik dalam teori maupun prakteknya. Penelusuran mengenai ajaran dan sisi etis darimetta akan dimulai dari pembahasan Karaniya Metta Sutta, “Sutta tentang Cinta Kasih Universal” yang populer. Sehubungan dengan tema cinta kasih, kita juga akan melihat beberapa naskah pendek mengenai metta. Penjelasan mengenai metta-bhavana (meditasi cinta kasih) akan memberikan pedoman praktis dalam mengembangkan perenungan ini sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam naskah- naskah utama meditasi dalam tradisi Theravada, yakni Visuddhimagga, Vimuttimagga, dan Patisambhidamagga. Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal 5 Karaniya Metta Sutta: Sutta tentang Cinta 2 Kasih Universal Syair 1 Karaniya matthakusalena Yan tam santam padam abhisamecca Sakko uju ca suju ca Suvaco c’assa mudu anatimani Ia yang mencari cara untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraannya, Setelah sekilas menikmati kedamaian sempurna, Patutlah cakap, jujur dan tulus, Berbicara dengan halus, lemah-lembut, tidak sombong; Syair 2 Santussako ca subharo ca Appakicco ca sallahukavutti Santindriyo ca nipako ca Appagabbho kulesu ananugiddho Merasa puas atas yang dimiliki, ia mestilah mudah dirawat, Tidak sibuk, dan bersahaja hidupnya, Berindria tenang, penuh pertimbangan, Sopan, tak melekat pada keluarga-keluarga; 6 Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal Syair 3 Na ca khuddam samacare kinci Yena viññu pare upavadeyyum Sukhino va khemino hontu Sabbe satta bhavantu sukhitatta Juga, ia tidak berbuat kesalahan apapun juga Yang dapat dicela oleh para bijaksana. (Kemudian biarlah ia kembangkan pikiran:) ‘Semoga semua makhluk berbahagia dan tenteram. Semoga semua makhluk bahagia’. Syair 4 Ye keci panabhut’atthi Tasa va thavara va anavasesa Digha va ye mahanta va Majjhima rassakanukathula Makhluk hidup apapun yang ada, Yang lemah atau yang kuat tanpa kecuali, Yang panjang, besar, atau yang sedang, Atau yang pendek, kecil, kurus ataupun yang gemuk, Syair 5 Dittha va yeva adittha Ye ca dure vasanti avidure Bhuta va sambhavesi va Sabbe satta bhavantu sukhitatta Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal 7 Yang tampak ataupun yang tak tampak, Yang berada jauh ataupun dekat, Yang telah menjadi ataupun yang belum menjadi, Semoga semua makhluk bahagia. Syair 6 Na paro param nikubbetha Natimaññetha katthacinam kanci Byarosana patighasañña Naññamaññassa dukkham iccheyya Tak sepatutnya yang satu menipu atau menghina Siapapun dimana pun juga; Tak sepatutnya mengharap yang lain celaka Karena rasa marah atau benci. Syair 7 Mata yatha niyam puttam Ayusa ekaputtam anurakkhe Evampi sabbabhutesu Manasam bhavaye aparimanam Sebagaimana seorang ibu mempertaruhkan jiwanya Melindungi putra tunggalnya, Demikianlah terhadap semua makhluk, Kembangkanlah pikiran cinta kasih tanpa batas. 8 Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal Syair 8 Mettañ ca sabba-lokasmim Manasam bhavaye aparimanam Uddham adho ca tiriyanca Asambadham averam asapattam Cinta kasih terhadap semua makhluk di segenap alam, Patut dikembangkan tanpa batas dalam batin, Baik ke arah atas, bawah, dan diantaranya; Cinta kasih yang luas, Tanpa kedengkian, tanpa permusuhan. Syair 9 Titthañ caram nisinno va Sayano va yavat’assa vigatamiddho Etam satim adhittheyya Brahmam etam viharam idhamahu Selagi berdiri, berjalan, atau duduk, Ataupun berbaring, selama masih terjaga; Sepatutnya ia memusatkan perhatian ini Yang disebut sebagai ‘berdiam dalam Brahma’. Syair 10 DItthiñca anupagamma silava Dassanena sampanno Kamesu vineyya gedham Na hi jatu gabbhaseyyam punar eti’ti Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal 9 Tak lagi berpegang pada pandangan salah, Teguh dalam sila dan berpengetahuan sempurna, Dan telah melenyapkan kesenangan nafsu indria; Ia tak akan lahir dalam rahim lagi. 10 Metta Falsafah dan Latihan Cinta Kasih Universal Kisah di Balik 3 Metta Sutta Kisah sejarah yang melatarbelakangi Sang Buddha membabarkan Karaniya Metta Sutta dijelaskan dalam kitab komentar yang ditulis oleh Acariya Buddhaghosa, yang memperolehnya langsung dari garis silsilah para tetua hingga pada masa
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