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CHAPTER-II MANGALA SUTTA 2.0. Preliminary to Chanting the Sacred

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CHAPTER-II MANGALA SUTTA 2.0. Preliminary to Chanting the Sacred 40 CHAPTER-II MANGALA SUTTA 2.0. Preliminary to Chanting the Sacred verses The deities in various universes are warmly invited to assemble here and listen to the chanting of the Paritta which leads to happiness and liberation from suffering. According to Buddhism, celestial beings are always waiting to listen to the Buddha's teaching. During the Buddha's time innumerable devas attained Enlightenment after listening to the Buddha Dhamma- actually, more heavenly beings than human beings were successful. It is stated that when devas are present, evil spirits will not be around. They will flee to other places and have no chance to cause trouble, diseases and disasters to human beings. Then people can live happily and safely. h is an ancient Buddhist belief that celestial deities possess great powers to grant the wishes of human beings and bless them with happiness. Therefore, it is a practice in Myanmar tradition until present 41 time, that the text of the deities invitation verses must be chanted before reciting each Pritta suttas. 2.1. The inviting the deities 1. Samanta cakkavalesu, Atragacchantu devata, Saddhamam Munirajassa, Sunantu sagga-mokkhadarh. 1. Let the deities in every Universe around come to this place. Let them listen to the excellent Dhamma of the king of Sages that gives (rebirth in) celestial realms and liberation (from samsara). 2. Dhammasavana-kalo ay am bhadanta! (Three times) 2. Oh Happy Ones! This is the time for listening to the Dhamma (Three-times) 3. Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Samasambudhassa^**. (Three times) 3. Homage to him, the blessed one, the worthy one, the full Enlightened One. (Three times) 4. Ye santa santa-citta, tisaran-sarana, ettha lokantare va, Bhumma- bhumma ca deva, gunaganagahana-vyavata sabbakalam, Ete ayantu ^* Sagatha vagga Brahma Samyutta Arahanta vagga p. 168, Dighanikaya Mahavagga Sakkapanha Sutta p. 230, Mijjimapannasa Brahma Vagga Brahmayu Sutta p.341 42 deva, vara-kanaka-maye, Meruraje vasanto, Santo santosa-hetum, Munivara- vacanarh, sotumaggarh samagga. 4. Those deties who live on the earth, and who live in the skies, in this universe and in other universes, who are good-hearted and whose minds are peaceful, who have the three refuges (Buddha, Dhamma Samgha) as refuge, and who always make effort to gain a multitude of qualities, the king of deities who lives at the top of Mount Meru which is made of gold, and who is a gentle person; let all these deities come to listen to the words of the Excellent sage, which are the best and are a source of happiness. 5. Sabbesu cakkavalesu, Yakkha deva ca brahmano. Yam amhehi katarh puiiiiarh, Sabba- sampatti- sadhakam, 6. Sabbetam anumoditva, Samagga Sasane rata, Pamada-rahita hontu, Arakkhasu visesato. 5-6. Let all Yakkhas, Deities and Brahmas in all universes rejoice at the merit done by us which brings about prosperity. Let them especially be in unison and devoted to the Sasana (the Dispensation of the Buddha), and not be heedless in protection of the world. 7. Sasanassa ca lokassa, Vuddhi bhavatu sabbada, Sasanam pi ca lokan ca, Deva rakkhantu sabbada. 43 7. At all times may there be growth of the Sasana and the world. May the deities always protect the Sasana and the world. 8. Saddhim hontu sukhi sabbe, Parivarehi attano, Anigha sumana hontu, Saha sabbehi iiatibhi. 8. May all beings together with their relatives be in comfort, free from suffering and happy. 9. Rajato va corato va manussato va amanusato va aggito va udakato va pisacato va khanukato va kantakato va nakkhattattato va janapada- rogato va asaddhammato va asanditthito va asappurisato va canda- hatthi- assa-miga-gona-kukkra-ahi-vicchika- manisappa-dlpi-accha- taraccha-sukara-mahimsa-yakkha-rakkhasadlhi nanabhayato va, nanaro gato va nanaupaddavato va arakkharh ganhantu. 9. Let them protect the beings from the bad kings, thieves, human beings, non- human beings, fire, water, ghosts, tree stumps, thorns, constellations, epidemics, false teachings, false views, bad people, from wild elephants, horses, deer, oxen, dogs, snakes, scorpions, water snakes, leopards, bears, hyenas, boars, buffaloes, yakkhas, demons and from various dangers and diseases and calamities. 44 2.2. The history of Mangala Sutta^^ The word "Mangala" literally means "blessing", "auspicious signs" and "good omen". However, people want to know what constitutes a "blessing" that makes life happy. This issue came to be the concern of the devas (gods) too at the heavenly plane. For twelve years they argued about it and could not come to an agreement. Some thought that "blessing" refers to what is pleasurable to the senses i.e.-things that are pleasing to the eyes, ears, nose, taste and touch. But not all of them agreed^^. Then devas of Tavatimsa heaven approached Sakka, King of Devas, for a solution. He suggested that the Buddha be consulted. Consequently, in the middle of the night, a deva with his retinues came to visit the Buddha at Jetavana monastery. He asked the Buddha for the meaning of "blessing". In response, the Buddha delivered a discourse known as Mangala Sutta in which 38 highest blessings are enumerated. Mahgla Sutta is held in high esteem by all Buddhists. It is normally chanted for blessings and prosperity. Different from the conventional ideas of blessing, these thirty-eight blessings are ethical and spiritual in nature. When a person applies them to daily hfe he will see the rich result immediately. ^^ Khuddaka Nikaya, Khuddaka paiha pali pa.3. Sutta-nipalapali pa.318 * Sutta pitaka, khuddaka nikaya, khuddakapalha-Atthakatha M. pa 101. PTS pa 120. 45 2.3. The Occasions of Recitation of Mahgala Sutta In Myanmar Tradition for chanting this Marigala sutta occasions are such as any social function, religious festival, before the building of a new house, at the house warming, when embarking on a journey, inaugurating any project, for newly married couples, for new born babies, new year ceremony, the donation alms to the Sangha, the ordination ceremonies, and birthday ceremonies etc.. 2.4. The advantages of the Mangala Sutta The advantages of the Mahgala sutta are freedom from any dangers, any prohibitions, bad luck, bad portent, ill-fate, ill-luck, misfortune, adversities, disasters, troubles, predicament, calamities, tragedies, and an unpropitious planet etc.. On the other hand the Mahgala Sutta helps us side in getting good fortune, great auspicious things, good destin, providence, good fate, great wealthy, affluence, prosperity, success, good external circumstances, and outside influence, divine intervention and flourishing etc.. 2.5. The Mangala Sutta and Myanmar The Mahgala Sutta has a special significance in the national life of Myanmar. It is certainly Myanmar's most valuable heritage of proven truth. The sutta is one of the first lessons for child in Myanmar 46 learnt by heart. Memorizing it eagerly, he recites and untiringly repeats its stanzas naturally with enthusiasm till their constituents seem to vibrate his entire being. And, what is more marvelous, the effect is life­ long. Even in rash youth and old age, the canting of the Sutta coming from the precincts of a monastery or classroom, recalls memories of childhood and the need for self-cultivation to direct one's steps towards those actions which lead to peace in one's own heart and happiness for others. Today throughout the length and breadth of the country children and adults are schooled in the Mahgala Sutta. 2.6. THE TEXT OF MANGALA SUTTA 10. Yam maiigalarh dvadasahi, Cintayrhsu sadevaka, sotthanarh nadhigacchanti, Atthattimsaii ca Maiigalarh. 10. Men, together with deities, tried to find out for twelve years what blessing was. But they could not find out the blessings which number thirty- eight that are the case of happiness. 11. Desitaih Devadevena, Sabbapapa vinasanarii, Sabhalokahitatthaya, Mahgalarh tarn bhanama he. 11. Oh, good people! Let us recite those blessings which were taught by the Detity of the Deities (the Buddha) for the benefit of beings and which destroy all evil. 47 These above number 10 and 11 verses are not expressed by the Blessed One. The ancient Myamar teachers arranged and compiled them the generations of disciples. 12. Evaih me sutarh Eakam samayam Bhagava Savatthiyam viharati Jetavane Anathapindikassa arame. Atha kho anfiatara devata abhikkantaya rattiya abhikkantavanna kevalakapparh Jetavanam obhasetva, yena Bhagava tenupasahkami; upasahkamitva Bhagavantam abhivadetva ekamantam atlhasi; ekamantam thita kho sa devata Bhagavantam gathaya ajjhabhasi: 12. Thus have I heard, at one time the Blessed One was dwelling at the monastery of Anathapindika in Jeta's Grove near the City of Savatthi. Then a certain deity in the late hours of the night with surpassing splendor, having illuminated the entire jeta's Grove, came to the Blessed One. And stood at a suitable place; standing there, the deity addressed the Blessed One in verse: 2.7. Evaih me sutaih: The suttas of the Buddhist scriptures begin with these words. The history behind this short sentence is as follows. Some three months after the final Nibbana of the Buddha, when King Ajatasattu had been on the throne already for about eight years, the First Great council was held under royal patronage at the Sattapanni Cave in Rajagaha, the capital, 48 where five hundred arahants assembled to recite, classify and group together the teachings of the Buddha. Venerable Maha Kassapa presided, while the Venerables Upali and Ananda rehearsed the Vinaya (monastic discipline) and the Suttas or discourses respectively. The Council finished its work after seven months during which time they arranged the entire Teachings of the Buddha. That is, the collections of the Vinaya rules and the Suttas. To the Venetable Anada, as he was most learned in the Buddha's discourses, fell the arduous task of rehearsing the suttas in the great Council. He prefixed each discourse with the expression "Evam me suttarh" (thus have I heard), thus personally testifying to the authenticity of the Suttsa.
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