Minnesota Buddhist Vihara 3401 North 4Th Street Minneapolis, MN 55412 Tel: 612-522-1811
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Minnesota Buddhist Vihara MMiinnnneessoottaa 3401 North 4th Street Minneapolis, MN 55412 Tel: 612-522-1811 [email protected] BBuuddddhhiisstt www.mnbv.org Fall (Wap) 2007 Vol. 3 Number - 2 Message from Ven. Witiyala Origin of Rain Retreat Practice Seewalie Thera on the (Vassāvāsa) occasion of Katina Robe (Vassāvāsa) Offering Ceremony Prof. Kottegoda S. Warnasuriya (University of the West, California) On this occasion, as the abbot of It is clear that many Buddhist institutions came into Minnesota Buddhist Vihara, I wish to welcome all of you existence after the establishment of Buddhist Sangha to the Kathina Robe offering ceremony. I take this organization. In many cases the lay community’s opportunity to thank you for the support, contribution can be seen as the main factor of encouragement and assistance rendered to us in initiating these institutions. The practice of rain various ways during the last four years. retreat was not introduced by the Buddha along with the establishment of Buddhist liturgy. Other religious For the last 2552 years, Buddhist monks and nuns have sects were already practicing rain retreat during the observed the tradition of retreating during the three time of the Buddha. As an ascetic tradition Buddhist rainy months or “vassana” period, to spend time Sangha was non-sedentary and they did not have shelters for themselves. They were living under trees meditating, learning Buddha’s teachings, performing (Rukkhamūlasenāsanam nissāya pabbajjā) for life. Buddha pooja and Dhamma sermons. At the end of the Buddhist Sangha used to travel throughout the year three months Buddhists celebrate this occasion offering even during the rainy season. 1 Other ascetics and robes to the Bhikkhus with great respect and devotion. people did not like this practice and they criticized This Katina Cheewara offering is marked as an act of Buddhist monks. They said that why these disciples great merit of all participants in Buddhism. of Sramana Gautama travel during winter, summer and rainy seasons (throughout the year). They Our mission is to create an environment and destroy new born green plants; they destroy living plants (ekindriyam jīvam). They destroy small opportunities for everyone, irrespective of their 2 differences, to experience and understand mental creatures and so forth by stepping on. This criticism was informed to the Buddha and the Buddha took it peace and harmony through various meritorious deeds. seriously and said to monks that hereafter, you We wish to share our knowledge and understanding of should not travel during rainy season and advised the Buddha’s teachings and to create ways for all of you them to observe rain retreat. to take part in many religious, cultural, charitable and educational activities. According to Mahavaggapali of the Vinaya Pitaka, there are two methods of observing this practice: “Dhammo Have Rakkhati Dhamma Chárì ” 1 The Dhamma protects those who live as per Dhamma Tena kho pana samayen bhagavatā bhikkhunam vassāvāso Wishing you all Peace and Happiness! apannatto hoti. Te’dha bhikkhu hemantam’pi gimham’pi vassampi carikam caranti. Vin. I. p. 137 Ven. Witiyala Seewalie Thero 2 Katham hi nāma samana sakyaputtiya…. haritani tinani President/Abbot, sammaddanta ekindriyam jīvam vihethenta bahu khuddake pane Minnesota Buddhist Vihara apadenta. Vin. I. P. 137 Page 1 of 13 Minnesota Buddhist Volume 3 No. 2 the early observance (purimika) and late observance Generally, Sangha should not break the observance (pacchimika). In the month of July on the day of full- of rain retreat. But there are some exceptional cases moon the early observance should be started. One regarding the practice. If there is a threat to life, month after July full-moon the late observance Buddha said that Sangha can go to a safer place to should be started. Now the problem of shelter came live. This move breaks the practice. According to up. Buddhist monks had to adhere to the ascetic Mahavagga Pali by breaking the practice in such practice of living in the open air under trees. During cases Sangha does not do any wrong doing. Take for rainy season this was an impossible task. Living example if the monastery is full of venomous snakes under trees during rainy season created health it is a threat to life. So Sangha can break the problems too due to getting wet. Lay people started practice and go to a safer place to live. If there is a to build houses for the monks for this purpose. So threat from wild animals, thieves, fire, water and so the Sangha used to live in these houses temporarily, forth they can break the practice and go to another only during the rainy season. After the rainy retreat village. they abandoned these houses and started their usual travelling. This created another problem, that is to At the end of rain retreat monks have to dissociate say the problem of neglecting property. Buddha from the practice. There is a formal procedure laid advised monks to look after the properties built for down by the Buddha to end the practice. This is monks. So monks had to stay in these houses called pavārana (invitation). The act of Pavārana is permanently. This is the origin of Buddhist done at the end of Vassāna (rain) period. In the monasticism. So the Buddhist Sangha transformed Pavārana monks are formally invited to review how from asceticism to monasticism. On the other hand, the monks observed the practice. This review is done not observing rain retreat is a wrong doing too for on the basis of what is seen, heard and suspected. 5 the Buddhist Sangha. This is done in a democratic way. First it has to be announced by a competent monk three times. Those It is extremely necessary the cooperation of lay who practiced rain retreat should request monks community regarding this practice. In old days assembled for the purpose to inform them weather Sangha did not depend very much on lay community they had any wrongdoing during this period in order for food. They used to go alms round during the to correct it. rainy season. But today this has changed as the lay community is ready to support the Sangha by Offering of the Kathina robe was allowed by the offering alms. Sangha usually informs the lay Buddha after rainy retreat. 6 There is an episode community about the first day of the observance. recorded in the Vinaya regarding some monks who Lay people invite formally the Sangha to stay in the came to see the Buddha immediately after the monastery during the rainy season and pledge that Pavārana. They had to walk to Sāvatthi to see the they support the monks by offering the food Buddha. While they were coming there was a heavy medicine and robes. rain. They came to the Buddha with drenched robes and Buddha saw their robes were wet. On this Some minor problems may arise during the period of occasion Buddha approved the Kathina robe. Buddha retreat. Monks may have to travel due to various said that Sangha can spread a Kathina robe after the important reasons. For example, if the teacher is rain retreat. This is the origin of offering the Kathina sick the monk has to go and visit him. If the mother robe. This means that in addition to three robes a is sick he has to go and take care of her. If there is monk can have a Kathina robe which can be used in an important Sangha transaction (Sanghakamma) he an emergency. In one Avasa only one Kathina robe is should take part in that too. There are many such spread. The Sangha decides unanimously the reasons pointed out in the Vassupanayikakkhandhaka appropriate monk who is going to receive the robe. of Mahavagga Pali. 3 For these, he has to go out from This is also done in a kind of democratic way. First the monastery where he is observing the rain the competent monk has to inform the Sangha retreat. Buddha advised them to go in such cases in assembled that there is Kathina and it is the time for determining returning in seven days the Sangha to decide to grant the robe. After (Sattāhakaraniyena). 4 deciding the suitable monk his name is announced 3 Vin. I. p. 139 5 Vin. I. p. 159 4 Vin. I. p. 139 6 “Anujānāmi bhikkhave kathinam attharitum.” Vin. I. p. 254 © Minnesota Buddhist Vihara Inc. Page 2 of 13 Minnesota Buddhist Volume 3 No. 2 three times and the robe is offered by the Sangha to August 9 to 13 - Special Buddhist lectures and discussions the nominated monk. for Diploma in Buddhism Students by Prof. Kottegoda S. Warnasooriya, University of the West, California Today in Buddhist countries this ceremony is performed in an elaborate way. This ceremony is August 11 - Public speech on early Buddhist Meditation by considered as a great meritorious deed. Probably Prof. Kottegoda S. Warnasooriya at University of St. Thomas, there is nothing greater than this Kathina ceremony St. Paul for Buddhist monks as well as Buddhist laity. This is once a year ceremony. August 14 - Donation of a property to space use for Minnesota Buddhist Vihara by Mr. James K. Bowers. MMMIIIINNNNNNEEESSSOOOTTTAAA BBBUUUDDDDDDHHHIIIISSSTTT VVVIIIIHHHAAARRRAAA MMMAAAIIIINNN (May 7, 2007AAACCC toTTT IIIINovemberVVVIIIITTTIIIIEEESSS 4, 2007) August 18 - Perform a religious activity in Ames, Iowa. August 22 – Auspicious blessings upon our New Property May 12 - Blessings and congratulations by devotees and for Meditation Retreat Center. Dhamma school kids to newly high ordinated Bhikkhu Bisho Kirti Maharjan (Podi Hamuduruwo) from the Minnesota August 25 & 26 - Sri Lankan Embassy, Washington D.C. Buddhist Vihara. coordinates final exam of the Diploma in Buddhism held in St. Thomas University, St.