Prepared for the David and Lucile Packard Foundation by Peter Laufer
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Prepared for the David and Lucile Packard Foundation By Peter Laufer With reporting and assistance by Pedro Armendares Veronica Melgoza Deborah Mendelsohn Terry Phillips Victor Reyes Robert Simmons 30 July 2002 About the Author Author and journalist Peter Laufer traversed Mexico in 2001 and 2002 to research changes in media under the Vicente Fox administration. Long interested in Mexican and Latin American affairs and immigration issues, Laufer covered the region for NBC News during the civil wars of the 1980s. His documentary and book Nightmare Abroad, winner of a George Polk and other awards, investigates conditions in Mexican prisons. His book for children Made in Mexico/Hecho en Mexico, published by the National Geographic Society last year in Spanish and English versions, is a look at the economic disparity between the First and Third Worlds. Contributing writers/researchers Pedro Enrique Armendares is Executive Director of the Centro de Periodistas de Investigación, A.C., an independent organization affiliated with Investigative Reporters and Editors which works closely with journalists in Mexico and the rest of Latin America. Formerly an investigative reporter for La Jornada, Pedro contributes to other media Mexican and international media, including radio and television. A frequent lecturer and panelist in journalism workshops and seminars, he teaches Electronic Journalism at the Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City. He was a full-time researcher and professor in the International Studies Division of the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), and Academic Coordinator at the Mexico City Study Center of the University of California, where he also taught the Contemporary Mexico course. Veronica Melgoza is a Mexican communications expert who has spent the last five years creating and implementing innovative news and information sources for indigenous peoples in Chiapas. Working under the internationally acclaimed Catholic bishop Samuel Ruíz, she created Radio Diócesis “La Voz de mi Pueblo,” that brought local and regional news on audio cassettes to remote Mayan villages. Deborah Mendelsohn is a former television producer who heads program development for Internews Network. Having lived and studied in Mexico in the 1970s, she has long followed political and cultural events south of the border. Journalist Terry Phillips is a veteran war correspondent. From the melting of the Iron Curtain to the implosion of the Soviet Union, he reported major international stories for CBS News and National Public Radio. His overseas datelines have included Moscow, Baghdad, Kabul, Bucharest, Mogadishu, Sarajevo and Prague. Victor Reyes is founder and publisher of the bilingual periodical Visión Latina, and has translated numerous journalistic and literary works, including a series on the Sea of Cortez by Pulitzer prize-winning reporter Tom Knudsen. Robert Simmons is a longtime radio hand: announcer, program director, and station owner. A resident of the Texas- Mexican Borderlands, his interest in Mexican media goes back to his days as sports editor of the Mexico City News. Currently Simmons is at work on a documentary film study of Cuban dance. Summary.................................................................................................................................................1 The Mexican Oral Tradition..................................................................................................................3 The Borderlands .....................................................................................................................................3 The porous moving frontier................................................................................................................3 Murder at Zeta....................................................................................................................................8 Access to media stories from Baja.....................................................................................................9 Tijuana radio failures........................................................................................................................12 Narcocorridos report some news .....................................................................................................13 Border blasters .................................................................................................................................14 Trying to silence Zeta.......................................................................................................................17 The Fresno connection......................................................................................................................19 Licenciado Estrada Torres pleads the Fifth....................................................................................20 Women at risk in Juarez...................................................................................................................23 At the Bogotá Conference: Dangers Facing Journalists...................................................................25 Colombia: Mexico’s anti-future?.....................................................................................................25 Vicente Fox as disappointment ........................................................................................................26 Carlos Monsiváis weighs in..............................................................................................................27 We’re here to help............................................................................................................................28 Mexico’s First Freedom of Information Law......................................................................................29 Hope and expectations .....................................................................................................................29 The Oaxaca beginnings ....................................................................................................................29 Notimex reform as an early Fox casualty........................................................................................30 Repressive broadcasting laws and regulations ...............................................................................32 Government repression meets government transparency..............................................................34 Deep in the Copper Canyon.................................................................................................................35 Food via radio....................................................................................................................................35 A media void......................................................................................................................................36 XETAR is off the air.........................................................................................................................37 XEPUR: an antique on the air..........................................................................................................38 Further Problems Reporting the So-Called War on Drugs................................................................40 One man’s obsession at www.narconews.com.................................................................................40 A meeting in a secure and undisclosed locale .................................................................................44 The Internet and Computer Assisted Reporting.................................................................................45 CAR, the IRE México report ...............................................................................................................47 Fox’s e-Gov initiative.......................................................................................................................50 The wired diaspora ...........................................................................................................................50 The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same..................................................................51 The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same..................................................................52 One woman’s story of disappointment and motivation...................................................................52 The Mordida Lives: Cash in the Unmarked Envelope.......................................................................54 Take this bribe and shove it.............................................................................................................54 Who paid how much to whom in Michoacán....................................................................................55 The Media Relations Experience of the Two DF NGOS...................................................................58 Patricia Mercado: NGOs are unprepared for the media ...............................................................58 Marta Lamas: The media are scandal driven.................................................................................58 Two More Gringo Periodistas Cringe and Complain ........................................................................61 Sam Quinones reports on culture ....................................................................................................61 John Ross takes on politics .............................................................................................................63