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3. Birds of Itahari

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3. Birds of Itahari Our Nature (2003) 1 71 Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus Fringillidae - ST 72 Red-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythrocephala " 1 D 73 Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla Emberizidae 2 OTS Note: 1 = Common TO = Thin / Open 2 = Fairly common T = Thin 3 = Occasional ST = Scrub / Thin 4 = Uncommon D = Dense 5 = Rare OTS = Open / Thin / Scrub S1 = Status + = Internationally significant breeding population Mala Rai Central Department of Zoology Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu Corresondence: Department of Biology, Central Campus of Technology, Hattisar, Dharan References Ali, S. and S. D. Ripley 1995. A Pictorial Guide to the Inskipp, C and T. Inskipp 1985. A Guide to the Birds Birds of Indian Subcontinent. Bombay Natural of Nepal. Croom Helm, London, England History Society, Oxford University Press, Rai, M. 1998. The impact of development activities on Bombay Avifauna of Tamor river basin” M. Sc. Thesis, Fleming, R. L (Sr)., R. L. Fleming (Jr) and L. S. Central Department of Zoology, T. U., Kirtipur Bangel 1979. Birds of Nepal, Second Edition, Kathmandu. Avalok Publishers, Kathmandu, Nepal 3. Birds of Itahari Itahari municipality is one of the three It was the month of November 2000 municipalities of Sunsari district. It is when I went to Itahari to watch birds for situated in the Tarai region of Eastern the first time. Then I kept watching the part of Nepal. The main rivers are birds at that place regularly till January Sunsari, Tengra and Budhi. Besides that 2001. During that period I visited there are also few man-made and natural different sites several times at least once wetlands. Itahari is very near from the a week regularly and also collected mixed type of jungle popularly known as information from the locals. ‘Charkoshe Jhadi’ on the north, which The present report is the result of a provides ideal shelter for the birds. This study of about 14 months. Regular is the reason why many local migratory observations and local enquiry were also birds as well as other birds are found to made. I tried my best to identify the birds come very commonly from the jungle. correctly using available literature (Ali 64 Our Nature (2003) 1 and Ripley 1984, Fleming et al.1984, Ali were some more birds, which I couldn't 1989, Ali 1990, Subba 1995a, Subba include in the present checklist. 1995b and Shrestha 2000) but still there Checklist of Birds of Itahari Family : Psittacidae Family : Podicipotidae 25. Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri 1. Little grebe Podiceps ruficollis Family : Cuculidae Family : Phalacrocoracidae 26. Pied crested cuckoo Clamator jacobinus 2. Little cormorant Phalacrocorax niger 27. Common hawk-cuckoo Cuculus varius 28. Indian koel Eudynamys Family : Ardeidae scolopacea 3. Pond heron Ardeola grayii 29. Large coucal Centropus sinensis 4. Night heron Nycticorax nycticorax 5. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Family : Strigidae 6. Little egret Egretta garzetta 30. Barred owlet Glaucidium cuculoides 7. Intermediate egret Egretta intermedia 31. Spotted owlet Athene brama 8. Chestnut bittern Ixobrychus minutus Family : Caprimulgidae Family : Ciconiidae 32. Little night jar Caprimulgus asiaticus 9. Open-billed stork Anastomus oscitans 10. Lesser-adjutant stork Leptoptilos dubius Family : Apodidae 11. White-necked stork Ciconia episcopus 33. House swift Apus affinis 34. Palm swift Cypsiurus parvus Family : Threskiornithidae 12. Black ibis Pseudibis papillosa Family : Alcedinidae 35. White-breasted kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Family : Accipitridae 36. Eurasian kingfisher Alcedo atthis 13. White-backed vulture Gyps bengalensis 37. Blue-eared kingfisher Alcedo meninting 14. Sparrow hawk Accipiter nisus 38. Lesser pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis 15. Black kite Milvus migrans migrans Family : Meropidae Family : Rallidae 39. Green bee-eater Merops orientalis 16. White –breasted 40. Blue-tailed bee-eater Merops philippinus water hen Amaurornis phoenicurus Family : Coraciidae 41. Indian roller Coracias benghalensis Family : Jacanidae 17. Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus Family : Upupidae chirurgus 42. Hoopoe Upupa epops Family : Charadriidae 18. Red- wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Family : Rostratulidae 19. Spur-winged lapwing Vanellus spinosus 43. Fantail snipe Capella gallinago Family : Columbidae 20. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Family : Capitonidae 21. Indian ring dove Streptopelia decaocto 44. Crimson- breasted barbet Megalaima 22. Red turtle dove Streptopelia haemacephala tranquebarica 45. Blue- throated barbet Megalaima asiatica 23. Thick-billed green pigeon Treron curvirostra 46. Blue-eared barbet Megalaima australis 24. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia 65 Our Nature (2003) 1 Family : Picidae 47. Brown- crowned pigmy Dendrocopos nanus 73. Red-breasted Muscicapa parva woodpecker flycatcher 48. Larger golden-backed Chrysocolaptes 74. Verditer flycatcher Muscicapa woodpecker lucidus thalassina 49. Lesser golden-backed Dinopium benghalense 75. Grey-headed Culicicapa woodpecker flycatcher ceylonensis 76. White- throated Rhipidura albicollis Family : Alaudidae fantail flycatcher 50. Bush Lark Mirafra assamica 77. Paradise flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi 78. Tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius Family : Hirundinidae 79. Clamorous Acrocephalus 51. Barn swallow Hirundo rustica reed warbler stentoreus 52. Striated swallow Hirundo daurica 80. Dusky leaf warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus Family : Daniidae 81. Crowned leaf warbler Phylloscopus 53. Black-headed shrike Lanius schach tricolor reguloides 54. Rufous-backed shrike Lanius schach 82. Yellow-eyed leaf Seicercus burkii 55. Brown shrike Lanius cristatus 83. Yellow-throated Phylloscopus 56. Lesser wood shrike Tephrodornis leaf warbler cantator pondicerianus 84. Blue throat Erithacus svecicus Family : Oriolidae 85. Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis 57. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus 86. Black redstart Phoenicurus 58. Blackheaded oriole Oriolus xanthornus ochruros 59. Blacknaped oriole Oriolus chinensis phoenicuroides 87. Eurasian rubythroat Erithacus calliope Family : Dicruridae 88. Collard bush chat Saxicola torquata 60. Black drongo Dicrurus adsimilis 89. Pied bush chat Saxicola caprata 61. Ashy or grey drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus 90. Orange-headed Zoothera citrina ground thrush Family : Sturnidae 91. Black-throated thrush Turdus ruficollis 62. Common myna Acridotheres tristis atrogularis 63. Grey-headed myna Sturnus malabaricus 92. Red-throated thrush Turdus ruficolli 63. Brahminy myna Sturnus pagodarum ruficollis Family : Paridae Family : Corvidae 93. Grey tit Parus major 64. House crow Corvus splendens 65. Jungle crow Corvus Family : Motacillidae macrorhynchos 94. Paddyfield pipit Anthus 66. Indian Tree pie Dendrocitta novaeseelandiae vagabunda 95. Yellow-headed Motacilla citreola Family : Campephagidae wagtail 67. Large cuckoo shrike Coracina 96. Pied wagtail Motacilla novaehollandiae greybacked form maderaspatensis Family : Pycnonotidae 97. Pied wagtail 68. Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer black-backed form 69. Red -whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 70.White-cheeked bulbul Pycnonotus Family : Dicaeidae leucogenys 98. Plaincoloured Dicaeum concolor Family : Muscicapidae flowerpecker 71. Large grey babbler Turdoides malcolmi 72. Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus Family : Nectariniidae 99. Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica 66 Our Nature (2003) 1 Family : Ploceidae 103. Spotted munia Lonchura malacca 100. House sparrow Passer domesticus 101. Baya weaver Ploceus philippinus Family : Emberizidae 102. Whitebacked munia Lonchura striata 104. Yellow-breasted bunting Emberiza aureola Acknowledgements helping hand in identification of birds .local The author expresses his sincere thanks people of Itahari are also thankfully to Dr. Bharat Raj Subba for extending his acknowledged. Manish Raj Pandey Mahendra Morang Adarsha Multiple Campus, Biratnagar References Fleming, R. L. (Sr.), R. L. Fleming (Jr.) and L. S. Ali, S. 1989. The Birds of Sikkim. Oxford University Bangdel 1984. Birds of Nepal with reference to Press. Kashmir and Sikkim. Nature Himalayas Ali, S. 1990. The book of Indian birds. Oxford Kathmandu, Nepal. University Press. Shrestha, T. K. 2001. Birds of Nepal, Vol.2, R. K Ali, S. and S. D. Ripley 1994. A Pictorial Guide to the Printers, Kathmandu, Nepal. Birds of Indian subcontinent, Oxford University Subba, B. R. 1995a. Checklist of Birds of Dharan, Press. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 34 (4): 115-116. Subba, B. R. 1995b. Checklist of Birds of Biratnagar Newsletter for Birdwatchers 34 (6): 128-129. 4. Ecological Study of Helminth Parasites in Fishes Parasites depend upon other organisms for period of occurrence, incidence and intensity of food and shelter. The relationship between the infection. parasite and the host is termed Parasite During the study 900 fishes of different Ecology. Parasites choose the host and usually species were collected and examined freshly as appear fewer hazards than a predator of its well as in preserved condition. The fishes were prey. However a host suffers from variety of cut ventrally to open the body cavity and the parasites at the same time and also a parasite parasites were collected carefully. After can use different host for nutrient materials plus removing the parasites from the peritoneal shelter. cavity (body cavity), gut was cut into several Helminthes parasite victimizes fishes. pieces of convenient length and each was Chauhan (1943),Yamaguti (1971), Shrivastava vigorously shaken in a dish of warm water. The (1985) contributed on fish helminth parasites. smaller worms were left at the bottom of the To observe fish helminthes parasite in dish. The pieces of gut were then cut open and peritoneal cavity and gut, a study was carried the mucosa was scraped off into a dish of water out in fishes of Morang and Sunsari districts to take out cestodes and other smaller worms if during July 1994-June 1995, regarding the present. All the parasites recovered from each fish were collected and counted. The collected 67.
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