DOCSLIB.ORG

Preliminary Study on the State of Health of Prehistoric Popula- Tion Distributed in the Yellow River Valley

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preliminary Study on the State of Health of Prehistoric Popula- Tion Distributed in the Yellow River Valley Chinese Archaeology 11 (2011): 197–200 © 2011 by Walter de Gruyter, Inc.· Boston · Berlin. DOI 10.1515/CHAR–2011–025 Preliminary study on the state of health of prehistoric popula- tion distributed in the Yellow River Valley Jianhua Wang* human specimens whose ages are identified. For longi- tudinal analysis, we partition the archaeological data into * School of Tourism and Historical Culture, Southwest four broadly-defined consecutive phases of Peiligang, Nationalities University, Chengdu 610041, email: Yangshao, Longshan, and Erlitou. In addition, the dataset [email protected] of Dawenkou Culture is exceptionally rich; therefore, it is treated separately in the following discussion. Abstract To date, 49 burial assemblages recovered from the Yel- low River Valley meet our self-imposed data requirement. An integrated study of the prehistoric population in Based on the age estimates of the 49 human groups, we the Yellow River valley suggests that, as time went have derived the average age for each of the groups and on, their average age and body height tended to reduce the general average age by archaeological phases (see and the prevalence to increase. It evidences that their Table 1). For Peiligang Phase (3 sites), the male aver- physical condition was gradually worsened from the age age is 39.69, the female average age is 33.07, and the Peiligang Period to the Erlitou Period. This phenomenon general average age is 33.10 (see footnote of the table for was directly concerned with the change of prehistoric derivation of general average age). For Yangshao Phase environments and the process of social complexity. (20 sites), the male average age is 38.64, the female aver- age age is 34.45, and the general average age is 33.63. Keywords: health; prehistoric population–demography; For Dawenkou Phase (13 sites), the male average age is processes of social complexity; the Yellow River Valley. 33.91, the female average age is 32.33, and the general average age is 27.45. For Longshan Phase (9 sites), the male average age is 36.18, the female average age is Introduction of the issue 32.49, and the general average age is 35.39. Finally, for Erlitou Phase (4 sites), the male average age is 35.25, the The expanding scope of archaeology since 1960s has grad- female average age is 30.96, and the general average age ually directed the attention of scholars towards questions is 29.11. Two intriguing trends can be summarized from concerning the state of nutrition and health of prehistoric the above summary. First, male average age in general population. The theme of these studies is to assess the is higher than female average age across archaeological nutrition and health statuses of past human groups through phases. Second, the general average age of archaeologi- studying the skeletal remains with methods of physical an- cal phases decreased through time. thropology. In addition, they lay the ground for monitoring The longitudinal fluctuation of average age among the intertwining relationship between social development, the prehistoric human groups of the Yellow River Valley environmental change and the state of nutrition and health was correlated to the processes of social complexity. The of past population. Studies of past nutrition and health degree of social complexity during Longshan and Erlitou comprise of three areas of study in physical anthropology, Phases indicates that social stratification had emerged. namely, age composition, pathology and diet. This paper One of the consequences of the appearance of social strat- is a preliminary effort to evaluate the state of health of the ification coupled with the strengthening of private proper- prehistoric population distributed in the Yellow River Val- ty was the intensification of predatory warfare. The most ley. It is based on systematic analysis of the average age, direct result of warfare was mass fatality, particularly that average height and prevalence extrapolated from the extant of young and mature adults who participated in combat. dataset of physical anthropology. The mass fatality of younger age groups had detrimental effect on the average age of the population, leading to the Average age of the prehistoric population dis- decrease of general average age of the population. tributed in the Yellow River Valley In addition, the dynamics of average age of the prehis- toric population in the Yellow River Valley are consistent Average age is one of the important indicators of the with the results of archaeological study of environmental health of a population. The longitudinal fluctuation of oscillations. Past environmental studies indicate that the average age reveals the effects of social development and Yellow River Valley experienced several major climatic environmental change to the general health of human and environmental oscillations. Overall, the climatic population. We subscribe the static population model for conditions of Yangshao Phase were the most favorable. the following study. To fulfill statistical requirements, As a result, the average age of this phase was the high- we use only the burial assemblages yielding at least 20 est among the archaeological phases under study. After 2011考古杂志新版.indd 197 11-10-31 上午10:41 198 J. Wang: Preliminary study on the state of health of prehistoric population distributed in the Yellow River Valley Table 1 Average ages of the prehistoric groups distributed in the Yellow River Valley. Sexes Male Female General Sexes Male Female General Average Average Average Average Average Average Sites Age* Sites Age* Jiahu 40.66 35.84 34.50 Dawenkou 34.88 34.53 32.17 General Jiahu 40.66 35.84 34.50 Wangyin 35.78 33.96 33.49 average Shigu 34.02 28.94 31.94 Dadunzi 37.28 37.02 35.66 age, Peili- gang Phase Baijiacun 44.38 34.44 32.87 Liulin 36.32 34.89 33.79 39.69 33.07 33.10 Jianxin 31.34 26.11 25.70 Yuanjunmiao 34.97 30.54 29.00 General Wucun 29.83 29.93 16.83 aver- Beishouling 41.03 35.35 39.11 age age, Fujia 25.84 28.11 24.56 Jiangzhai I 35.66 30.60 30.12 Dawenkou Chengzi 33.33 31.95 32.61 Phase Jiangzhai II 41.27 38.73 38.47 Yuchisi 31.03 30.58 14.08 Hengzhen 37.42 30.91 29.70 Yedian 38.53 34.21 26.66 Fulianbao 42.13 35.90 34.70 Sanlihe 40.08 37.84 33.17 Shijia 42.61 40.94 39.51 Xixiahou 39.86 35.35 26.88 Longgangsi 37.36 32.77 32.50 Huating 26.72 25.75 21.21 Hejiawan 37.65 36.38 33.19 33.91 32.33 27.45 General Lüjiaya 36.67 40.00 36.55 Sanlihe 37.19 42.06 38.09 average age, Yang- Xiawanggang I 43.68 39.91 36.57 Yinjiacheng 34.98 36.25 31.38 shao Phase Xiawanggang II 42.07 36.66 36.79 Chengzi 34.72 30.83 28.36 Wangwan I 30.30 21.90 27.50 Dahecun 38.97 23.80 34.79 General Dahecun 35.86 36.89 35.45 average Wangwan II 31.35 28.50 29.50 age, Long- Hongshanmiao 41.60 24.86 32.03 shan Phase Xinhua 42.12 34.88 37.28 Liuwan 37.86 37.89 36.58 Liuwan 36.76 35.71 35.14 Yinwa 35.75 26.67 27.93 Qinweijia 38.25 29.87 30.32 Yuanyangchi 47.16 47.38 38.19 Caiyuan 31.27 30.50 26.61 Dadiwan 38.46 28.29 29.40 36.18 32.49 32.39 Yangshan 33.37 36.50 29.33 Youyao 33.74 25.89 28.46 38.64 34.45 33.63 General Donghuishan 31.34 27.79 26.92 average age, Erli- Huoshougou 32.95 32.00 29.56 tou Phase Ganguya 42.97 38.17 31.51 35.25 30.96 29.11 *General average age is derived from all the human interments that have been estimated to age, including those have not been identified to sex. Yangshao Phase, the climatic conditions started to deteri- of 5000 BP as an example. By that time the average ages orate. In particular, the several events of significant fall in of the varying human groups of the Yellow River Valley temperature levied considerable effect on the longevity of were, in general, low. In particular, the general average the population. By the Erlitou Phase, average age was the age of Yuchisi was only 14.08. Environmental change lowest. To illustrate the effect of climatic oscillation to has a series of significant effects on daily life, including the longevity of human population, we take the cold event health and food resources. It directly or indirectly affect- 2011考古杂志新版.indd 198 11-10-31 上午10:41 J. Wang: Preliminary study on the state of health of prehistoric population distributed in the Yellow River Valley 199 ed the longevity of the prehistoric populations distributed of manual labor and functional pressure and the graduate in the Yellow River Valley at different times. decrease in male average height. Therefore, the decrease To sum, the processes of social complexity and environ- in body height suggests the deterioration of human health mental change effected the average age of the prehistoric through time. populations distributed in the Yellow River Valley. Within the time span under study, human longevity decreased Prevalence of the prehistoric population distrib- through time. To a certain extent, this change indicates the uted in the Yellow River Valley continuous deterioration of the state of health of prehistoric population distributed in the Yellow River Valley. The paleo-pathology data of prehistoric the Yellow River Valley mainly comprise of random studies of individual Male average height of the prehistory popula- sites.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ceramic's Influence on Chinese Bronze Development
    Ceramic’s Influence on Chinese Bronze Development Behzad Bavarian and Lisa Reiner Dept. of MSEM College of Engineering and Computer Science September 2007 Photos on cover page Jue from late Shang period decorated with Painted clay gang with bird, fish and axe whorl and thunder patterns and taotie design from the Neolithic Yangshao creatures, H: 20.3 cm [34]. culture, H: 47 cm [14]. Flat-based jue from early Shang culture Pou vessel from late Shang period decorated decorated with taotie beasts. This vessel with taotie creatures and thunder patterns, H: is characteristic of the Erligang period, 24.5 cm [34]. H: 14 cm [34]. ii Table of Contents Abstract Approximate timeline 1 Introduction 2 Map of Chinese Provinces 3 Neolithic culture 4 Bronze Development 10 Clay Mold Production at Houma Foundry 15 Coins 16 Mining and Smelting at Tonglushan 18 China’s First Emperor 19 Conclusion 21 References 22 iii The transition from the Neolithic pottery making to the emergence of metalworking around 2000 BC held significant importance for the Chinese metal workers. Chinese techniques sharply contrasted with the Middle Eastern and European bronze development that relied on annealing, cold working and hammering. The bronze alloys were difficult to shape by hammering due to the alloy combination of the natural ores found in China. Furthermore, China had an abundance of clay and loess materials and the Chinese had spent the Neolithic period working with and mastering clay, to the point that it has been said that bronze casting was made possible only because the bronze makers had access to superior ceramic technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia Were Not the Descendants of Yan Huang
    E-Leader Brno 2019 Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia were not the Descendants of Yan Huang Soleilmavis Liu, Activist Peacepink, Yantai, Shandong, China Many Chinese people claimed that they are descendants of Yan Huang, while claiming that they are descendants of Hua Xia. (Yan refers to Yan Di, Huang refers to Huang Di and Xia refers to the Xia Dynasty). Are these true or false? We will find out from Shanhaijing ’s records and modern archaeological discoveries. Abstract Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas ) records many ancient groups of people in Neolithic China. The five biggest were: Yan Di, Huang Di, Zhuan Xu, Di Jun and Shao Hao. These were not only the names of groups, but also the names of individuals, who were regarded by many groups as common male ancestors. These groups first lived in the Pamirs Plateau, soon gathered in the north of the Tibetan Plateau and west of the Qinghai Lake and learned from each other advanced sciences and technologies, later spread out to other places of China and built their unique ancient cultures during the Neolithic Age. The Yan Di’s offspring spread out to the west of the Taklamakan Desert;The Huang Di’s offspring spread out to the north of the Chishui River, Tianshan Mountains and further northern and northeastern areas;The Di Jun’s and Shao Hao’s offspring spread out to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where the Di Jun’s offspring lived in the west of the Shao Hao’s territories, which were near the sea or in the Shandong Peninsula.Modern archaeological discoveries have revealed the authenticity of Shanhaijing ’s records.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement Patterns, Chiefdom Variability, and the Development of Early States in North China
    JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 15, 237±288 (1996) ARTICLE NO. 0010 Settlement Patterns, Chiefdom Variability, and the Development of Early States in North China LI LIU School of Archaeology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Received June 12, 1995; revision received May 17, 1996; accepted May 26, 1996 In the third millennium B.C., the Longshan culture in the Central Plains of northern China was the crucial matrix in which the ®rst states evolved from the basis of earlier Neolithic societies. By adopting the theoretical concept of the chiefdom and by employing the methods of settlement archaeology, especially regional settlement hierarchy and rank-size analysis, this paper introduces a new approach to research on the Longshan culture and to inquiring about the development of the early states in China. Three models of regional settlement pattern correlating to different types of chiefdom systems are identi®ed. These are: (1) the centripetal regional system in circumscribed regions representing the most complex chiefdom organizations, (2) the centrifugal regional system in semi-circumscribed regions indicating less integrated chiefdom organization, and (3) the decentral- ized regional system in noncircumscribed regions implying competing and the least complex chief- dom organizations. Both external and internal factors, including geographical condition, climatic ¯uctuation, Yellow River's changing course, population movement, and intergroup con¯ict, played important roles in the development of complex societies in the Longshan culture. As in many cultures in other parts of the world, the early states in China emerged from a system of competing chiefdoms, which was characterized by intensive intergroup con¯ict and frequent shifting of political centers.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Chinese Bronze
    READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Ar chaeolo gy of the Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age is a synthesis of recent Chinese archaeological work on the second millennium BCE—the period Ch associated with China’s first dynasties and East Asia’s first “states.” With a inese focus on early China’s great metropolitan centers in the Central Plains Archaeology and their hinterlands, this work attempts to contextualize them within Br their wider zones of interaction from the Yangtze to the edge of the onze of the Chinese Bronze Age Mongolian steppe, and from the Yellow Sea to the Tibetan plateau and the Gansu corridor. Analyzing the complexity of early Chinese culture Ag From Erlitou to Anyang history, and the variety and development of its urban formations, e Roderick Campbell explores East Asia’s divergent developmental paths and re-examines its deep past to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of China’s Early Bronze Age. Campbell On the front cover: Zun in the shape of a water buffalo, Huadong Tomb 54 ( image courtesy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute for Archaeology). MONOGRAPH 79 COTSEN INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY PRESS Roderick B. Campbell READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age From Erlitou to Anyang Roderick B. Campbell READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press Monographs Contributions in Field Research and Current Issues in Archaeological Method and Theory Monograph 78 Monograph 77 Monograph 76 Visions of Tiwanaku Advances in Titicaca Basin The Dead Tell Tales Alexei Vranich and Charles Archaeology–2 María Cecilia Lozada and Stanish (eds.) Alexei Vranich and Abigail R.
    [Show full text]
  • Painted Pottery of the Yangshao Culture
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18656-8 — China's Cultural Relics Li Li Excerpt More Information Foreword he Chinese civilization is one of the four most ancient in the world. Relative to the Egyptian, Indian and Tigris- TEuphrates civilizations, it is characterized by consistency and continuity throughout the millennia. Rooted deep in this unique civilization, originating from the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys, the Chinese people have, for countless generations, adhered to their own cultural traditions. These traditions have remained basically unchanged even though political power has changed hands many times. Foreign groups invaded the country’s heartland repeatedly, but in the end all became members of a united family called “China.” Cultural relics, immeasurably large in quantity and diverse in variety and artistic style, bespeak the richness and depth of the Chinese civilization. These cover all areas of humanity’s tangible culture. This book classifi es China’s cultural relics into two major categories: immovable relics and removable relics. “Immovable relics” refer to those found on the ground and beneath, including ancient ruins, buildings, tombs and grotto temples. “Removable relics” include stone, pottery, jade and bronze artifacts, stone carvings, pottery figurines, Buddhist statues, gold and silver articles, porcelain ware, lacquer works, bamboo and wooden articles, furniture, paintings and calligraphic works, as well as works of classic literature. This book is devoted to removable cultural relics, though from time to time it touches on those of the fi rst category. Far back in the eleventh century, when China was under the reign of the Northern Song Dynasty, scholars, many of whom 1 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18656-8 — China's Cultural Relics Li Li Excerpt More Information China's Cultural Relics also had offi cial positions, were already studying scripts and texts inscribed on ancient bronze vessels and stone tablets.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neolithic Ofsouthern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal
    The Neolithic ofSouthern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal ZHANG CHI AND HSIAO-CHUN HUNG INTRODUCTION SANDWICHED BETWEEN THE YELLOW RIVER and Mainland Southeast Asia, southern China1 lies centrally within eastern Asia. This geographical area can be divided into three geomorphological terrains: the middle and lower Yangtze allu­ vial plain, the Lingnan (southern Nanling Mountains)-Fujian region,2 and the Yungui Plateau3 (Fig. 1). During the past 30 years, abundant archaeological dis­ coveries have stimulated a rethinking of the role ofsouthern China in the prehis­ tory of China and Southeast Asia. This article aims to outline briefly the Neolithic cultural developments in the middle and lower Yangtze alluvial plain, to discuss cultural influences over adjacent regions and, most importantly, to examine the issue of southward population dispersal during this time period. First, we give an overview of some significant prehistoric discoveries in south­ ern China. With the discovery of Hemudu in the mid-1970s as the divide, the history of archaeology in this region can be divided into two phases. The first phase (c. 1920s-1970s) involved extensive discovery, when archaeologists un­ earthed Pleistocene human remains at Yuanmou, Ziyang, Liujiang, Maba, and Changyang, and Palaeolithic industries in many caves. The major Neolithic cul­ tures, including Daxi, Qujialing, Shijiahe, Majiabang, Songze, Liangzhu, and Beiyinyangying in the middle and lower Yangtze, and several shell midden sites in Lingnan, were also discovered in this phase. During the systematic research phase (1970s to the present), ongoing major ex­ cavation at many sites contributed significantly to our understanding of prehis­ toric southern China. Additional early human remains at Wushan, Jianshi, Yun­ xian, Nanjing, and Hexian were recovered together with Palaeolithic assemblages from Yuanmou, the Baise basin, Jianshi Longgu cave, Hanzhong, the Li and Yuan valleys, Dadong and Jigongshan.
    [Show full text]
  • Transition from Foraging to Farming in Northeast China
    TRANSITION FROM FORAGING TO FARMING IN NORTHEAST CHINA VOLUME ONE (TEXT) A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION TO THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By (Peter) Wei Ming JIA Department of Archaeology The University of Sydney 27 April 2005 PREFACE This study was carried out in Department of Archaeology, the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, the University of Sydney from March 2000 to August 2004. A portion of this study has been published elsewhere or presented in international conference: (i) Jia, Weiming, et al., 2003. Preliminary report of field observation in northeast China. In: Institute of Russian Far East eds. Proceeding of “Century to Century” Conference of Archaeology in East Pacific, 2003. Vladivostok, Russia: Institute of Russian Far East, 247-251. (ii) Jia, Weiming, 2003. The problem of the term “Neolithic” in the archaeology of northeast China. Conference. In: Institute of Russian Far East eds. Proceeding of “Century to Century” Conference of Archaeology in East Pacific, 2003. Vladivostok, Russia: Institute of Russian Far East, 252-254. (iii) Jia, Weiming, 2002. The method of settlement pattern research. Wenwu, 8. (iv) Jia, Weiming, 2001. The origin of agriculture and the Neolithic periods in northeast China. Beifangwenwu, 3. (v) Jia, Weiming, 2004. The study of environmental reconstruction and its application. Third International Congress, Society for East Asian Archaeology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea. June 16-19, 2004. DECLARATION I declare that all work in this thesis is the result of my own research and all references to the work of other researchers have been acknowledged. This thesis has not been submitted in whole or in part for any other degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrate APA Heritage Month at a Passage to China
    FosteringC BusinessHINA and Cultural HarmonyINSIGHT between China and the U.S. VOL. 9 NO. 5 www.chinainsight.info MAY 2010 Culture Celebrate APA Heritage Month at A Passage to China By Greg Hugh, Staff Writer o celebrate American-Pacific awareness and recognizes the contributions Heritage Month, CHINA INSIGHT , of Asian/Pacific Americans to our nation. in collaboration with the Chinese This year’s theme, “Diverse Leadership for Heritage Foundation, is present- a Diverse Workforce,” acknowledges the Ting the Third Annual A Passage to China… many nations and ethnicities that Asian/Pa- an interactive journey” on May 22-23, cific Americans represent and their strength 2010 at The Best Buy Rotunda at Mall of and courage that has helped shape America’s Business America, Bloomington, MN. Complete character and identity. Google shuts down in China details are available on the back cover of Asian Americans and non-Asians can the paper. Come and learn about China’s celebrate by eating at Asian restaurants or history, have fun and show your support of attending one of numerous APA Heritage A Passage the Chinese community. Authentic Chinese events organized by many of their local music, dance performances and martial arts Asian American community organizations demonstrations will also be featured at the where they can taste the different foods to china Sears Court throughout the two day event. from various Asian countries, watch cultural A 1978 joint congressional resolution es- performances and learn more about Asian Shanghai Expo 2010 tablished Asian/Pacific American Heritage American history and culture. A visit to A City Slickers – Ready, Set, Go Week to be observed in May, a time chosen Passage to China is definitely a great way to Shanghai! to coincide with two important anniversa- celebrate Asian Pacific Heritage Month.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns of Archaeological Sites In
    HOL0010.1177/0959683616641743The HoloceneHosner et al. 641743research-article2016 Research paper The Holocene 2016, Vol. 26(10) 1576 –1593 Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of © The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav archaeological sites in China during the DOI: 10.1177/0959683616641743 Neolithic and Bronze Age: An overview hol.sagepub.com Dominic Hosner,1 Mayke Wagner,1 Pavel E Tarasov,2 Xiaocheng Chen1 and Christian Leipe1,2 Abstract A total of 51,074 archaeological sites from the early Neolithic to the early Iron Age (c. 8000–500 BC), with a spatial extent covering most regions of China (c. 73–131°E and c. 20–53°N), were analysed over space and time in this study. Site maps of 25 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, published in the series ‘Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics’, were used to extract, digitalise and correlate its archaeological data. The data were, in turn, entered into a database using a self-developed mapping software that makes the data, in a dynamic way, analysable as a contribution to various scientific questions, such as population growth and migrations, spread of agriculture and changes in subsistence strategies. The results clearly show asynchronous patterns of changes between the northern and southern parts of China (i.e. north and south of the Yangtze River, respectively) but also within these macro-regions. In the northern part of China (i.e. along the Yellow River and its tributaries and in the Xiliao River basin), the first noticeable increase in the concentration of Neolithic sites occurred between c. 5000 and 4000 BC; however, highest site concentrations were reached between c.
    [Show full text]
  • Oracle Bones Ritual Objects As Historical Sources Shang Society
    [1] EARlY HIsTORY, TO 1027 BCE Land and Settlement Early Mankind Agricultural Revolution in the Neolithic Era Xia: The First Dynasty? The Shang and the Origins of Chinese Civilization Oracle Bones Ritual Objects as Historical Sources Shang Society LAND AND SETTlEMENT Along with Russia and the USA, China is one of the world’s largest countries, stretching about three thousand miles from the east coast to its boundaries to the west in central Asia, the Himalayan states, and Vietnam. This vast domain embraces the tropical island of Hainan and the subarctic areas of Manchuria. Its landscape of plains, deserts, and lofty mountains has created various kinds of economies, based upon the environment. There are multiple Chinas, depend- ing on the topography and the inhabitants’ differing responses to the lands in which they reside. Two-thirds of the land consists of mountains or other demanding terrain, with limited or almost no opportunities for transport, pre- cluding the developmentCOPYRIGHTED of agriculture. However, the MATERIAL melting snows from the mountains provide water and, in modern times, hydroelectric power. The Tibetan plateau (Tibet and Qinghai province) has the most daunting moun- tains. The lands east of the mountains are China’s agricultural heartland. A History of China, First Edition. Morris Rossabi. © 2014 Morris Rossabi. Published 2014 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 3 0001990262.INDD 3 6/21/2013 12:27:27 PM CHINA AMONG “BARBARIANS” Within the traditional boundaries of China, the north and south regions differ. The Qinling Mountains and the Yangzi River divide the country. Flowing from Tibet to north China and then to the original core of Chinese civilization in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces, the Yellow River (or Huang He) is vital to the northern economy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Urbanism, Regional Politics, and Economic Networks in the Shandong Peninsula Before the Rise of Empire
    Early Cities and Economy: The Development of Urbanism, Regional Politics, and Economic Networks in the Shandong Peninsula before the Rise of Empire An International Conference: Columbia University/Tang Center October 25-October 28, 2018 Program Thursday 10/25 : 5:00 – 7:00 pm: Opening Ceremony 5:00 – 5:10 Welcome by Li Feng (Faculty Director, Tang Center, Columbia University) 5:10 – 5:20 Remarks Shang Wei (Chair, Dept. East Asian Languages and Cultures, Columbia University) 5:20 – 5:40 Zheng Tongxiu (Director, Shandong Academy of Cultural Relics and Archaeology) 5:40 – 5:50 Fang Hui (Dean, School of History and Culture, Shandong University) 5:50 – 6:00 Anne Underhill (Chair, Dept. of Anthropology, Yale University) 6:00 – 7:00 Reception Friday 10/26 : Conference 9:00 – 12:00 pm: Panel One: Regional Settlement System and Cultural Background, chaired by Anne Underhill 9:00 – 9:30 Gary Feinman, Fang Hui, and Linda Nicholas, “Coastal Shandong: The Longue Duree” 9:30 – 10:00 Luan Fengshi: “The Evolution of Prehistoric City Settlement Structure on the East Coastal Areas of Shandong and Jiangsu” 10:00 – 10: 30 Coffee break 10:30 – 11:00 Han Hui, “Preliminary Study on the Process of Influence from the Central Plains at Two Zhou Period Sites on the Jiaodong Peninsula from the Perspective of Settlement Archaeology - Centered on Guicheng and its Surrounding Settlements” 11: 00 – 11:30 Li Min, “Ruins, City, and the Countryside of the Lu State: An Integration of Archaeology and History” 11: 30 – 12: 00 Q&A 12:00 - 2:00pm Lunch break 1 2:00 – 5:00 pm
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Patterns of Pottery Production During The
    CHANGING PATTERNS OF POTTERY PRODUCTION DURING THE LONGSHAN PERIOD OF NORTHERN CHINA, CA'. 2500-2000 B.C. by Anne P. Underbill B.A., Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 1977 M.A., University of British Columbia, 1983 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Anthropology and Sociology) We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 1990 (c) Anne P. Underhill In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of fW^^'kyj ^ ^^".^ The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date TW^£ l"7| (ITO DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT This study investigates how systems of pottery production change in relation to increasing cultural complexity. A revised version of the important model outlined by Rice (1981) is presented and tested with ceramic data from the Longshan Period of northern China-. At the end of the period, at least one state evolved in the Huanghe (Yellow River) valley region. The model describes social factors that may cause ceramic change in chiefdoms. It describes three alternative strategies of producers: diversification, simplification, and conservatism.
    [Show full text]