DOCSLIB.ORG

Gloria D. Goulet a Thesis Presented to the University of Manitoba in Ful-Fil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gloria D. Goulet a Thesis Presented to the University of Manitoba in Ful-Fil Conparison of Temporal and Geographical Skutt VarÍat,íon amongi Nearctic Modern, Holocene and Late Pleistocene Gray Wolves (Canis Tupusl (and select,ed Canis) by Gloria D. Goulet A thesis presented to the University of Manitoba in ful-fil-ment of the thesis requj-rement for the degree of Master of Science 1n Department of Zoology I^Iinnipeg, Manitoba (c) Gl-oria Goul-et, 7-993 ffiWW NationalLibrary Bibliothèque nationale w 'r W of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1A ON4 K1A ON4 Your lile Votre élércnce Ou l¡le Notre élérence T'he author has granted am B-'auteun a accordé ¡,ine lice¡'lce irrevocable non-exclusive licence irrévocable et norÌ exc¡L¡s¡ve allowinE the håational Libnary of pern'¡ettarnt à !a Bibllothèque Ganada to rep¡'oduce, loan, nationale du Canada de distribute o¡' sell cop¡es of reprodu¡re, prêter, distribuer ou his/her thesis hy any rîeans and vendre des copies de sa thèse in any forrn or forrmat, making de quelque rnanière et sous this thesis available to interested quelque fo¡'me que ce soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette thèse à la disposition des personnes intéressées. The author retains ownership of l-'auteur conserve la propriété du the copyright in his/her thesis. droit d'auteur qu¡ protège sa ñtüeither the thesis nor substantial thèse. fVi la thèse ni des extraits extracts from it may be printed or substantiels de celle-ci ne otherwise reproduced without doivent être imprimés ou his/her permíssion. autrement ¡'ep¡'odu¡ts sans son autorisatio¡'¡" ISBN 0-315-86052-9 C,aNeaCääi COMPARISON OF TEMPORAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SKULL VARIATION A-},ÍONG NEARCTIC MODERN, HOLOCENE AND LATE PLEISTOCENE GRAY I^/OLVES (Canis lupus ) (and selected Canis ) BY GLORIA D. GOULET A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE o 1993 Permission has been granted to the LIBRARY OF TlfE TINWERSITY OF MÄNTIOBA to lend or sell copies of this thesis, to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA to mic¡ofilm this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film, and LIBRARY MICROFILMS to publish an abstract of this thesis. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or other-wise reproduced without the authols written perurission f hereby declare that f am the sole author of this thesis. I authorize the University of Manitoba to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of schol-arl-y research. Gloria Goulet f further authorize the University of Manitoba to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, ât the request of other institutions or individual-s for the purpose of scholarly research. Gloria Goulet 1I For my children Sara Danielle and L. Christian Goul-et, in recognition of their unwavering encouragement and support. av ItThe worl-d needs an embodiment of the frontier mythology, the sense of horízons unexpl_ored, the mystery of uninhabited rniles. rt needs a prace where worves stark the strand lines in the dark, because a tand that can produce a wolf is a healthy, robust and perfect land.rl -Robert B. hieeden Ã.BSTR.ACT The hypothesis that current gray wolf geographic popuJ-ations differ as a resul-t of adaptation to varying ecologicai- requirements in different habitats was tested. The relationship between variation in skull characteristics among temporal (l-ate Pleistocene and Holocene) and rnodern geographical populations and prevailing environmental conditions \,vas investigated in an atternpt to determine the cause of variation (genetic divergence or physiological response) . Resufts indicated that size variation among modern gray wolf geographical- populations $/as due to physiological adaptation to environmental conditions, while skull shape variation among temporally separated North American canj-d populations may be due to genetic divergence. Based on the resul-ts I suggest that wol-f-like canids evolved allopatrically in both the Nearctic and Patearctic. Further, the modern Nearctic gray wolves included here \,vere descendants of Eurasian wol-ves that spread to North America across the Beringian land bridge during intermittent Pl-eistocene glaciation events. Evidence suggests that the great ptains subspecies (C. l-. nubiLus) evolved with the prairie habitat that developed in mid-l-atitude North Arnerica at the end of the l-atest glaciation. Despite the lack of evidence for herj-tability of distinctive traits, subspecies designation should be vl_ retained because of evidence indicating that the plains gray wol-f was ecologically distinct from gray wol-ves inhabiting adjacent regions. I suggest that ecologj-cal- preferences communicated from parent to offspring likely contributed to the temporal maintenance of size variation among post- Pleistocene gray wol-f populations. Similarities in sku1l shape characteristics between Ranchol-abrean dire wolves (C. dirus ) and gray wolves of Eurasian ancestry suggest that the two species \,üere closely related. Based on the resul-ts I suggest that the dire wolf was a "hypermorphicfr form (Geist, L987 ) of the gray wolf, that evolved in response to abundant resources, more equable climatic conditions and possible interspecific competition with contemporaneous late Pleistocene predators. vl_ l- CONTESITS ABSTRÀCT . " ".vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS " ". " " "aX LIST OF TABLES.... " ". "xi LIST OF FIGURES "xT1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS "...xiii ÏNTRODUCTION ".""""1 METHODS AND MÀTERIALS ......1]- Specimens and measurements ......1-1 Specimen categorization ....1-6 Statistical anal-ysis . .18 RESULTS .....2O Geographical Variation in Modern gray wolf skull-s (18s1-1972).. ..2O Modern gray wolf skulls (1851-1920).. .....22 Temporal- variation among gray wolf skulls... ...26 Fossil- and Modern canids ...28 North American fossil- wol-ves from the mid- Irvingtonian to Iate Pleistocene Interva1.... ..32 DISCUSSTON. 35 Modern gray wolf skulls (1851--l-972) 35 Modern gray wolf sku1Is (1851-1920) 36 Temporal variation among gray wolf skull-s 38 Fossil and Modern canids 42 North American fossil wolves from the mid- Irvingtonian to l-ate Pleistocene Interval- 44 Ecological vs. genetic adaptation.. 55 TemporaJ- maintenance of geographical populations. 65 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 68 LÏTERÀTURE CÏTED 69 APPENDÏX ].... ...78 ÀPPENDIX II... .".84 vl- l- I ÃCK}{O3{LEDGEMENTS I am indebted t.o my advisor and friend, DL. George Lammers for giving me the opportunity to complete this project. I am thankful for his advice and encouragement and grateful for the geological knowledge that I have gained during extensive conversations and field trips over the past few years. Members of my advisory commitLee, Drs" Ken Stewart, W.O. Pruitt, Jr. and R.J. El-ias rnade several important suggestions. I am particularJ-y grateful to Dr. Stewart for his interest in this project and his excell-ent editorj-a1 advice. A number of faculty, staff and graduate students are acknowledged for their support, advice and friendship: Urmil-Ia Deonauth, Dr. BilI Diehl--Jones, Marilyn Fabris (BioJ-ogy Teaching Unit), Dorothy HiII, Dr. Jim Duncan, A1vin Dyck, Judy Johnson, Dr. Spencer Sealy and Xiuwei Yang. Rob Balshaw and Alex McIlraith provided val-uable statistical_ advi-ce. I am especially gratefuÌ for the unlimited support and encouragement (and levity) provided by my good friend Diane Neudorf. My chil-dren Sara and Christian encouraged and supported me through aII stages of ny education and I dedicate this thesis to them. My former spouse Lorne was equalJ_y supportive. lx A number of museum staff made rny visit to institutions with collections preasant as wel-r as productive. Dr. Birl Akersten (ISUH), Dr. Larry Martin and Bitt Chorn (KUVP), the mammal- col-l-ections staff at the unj-versity of Kansas Museum of Natural- History, Dr" Dick Cannings (UBC), Linda Gordon (usNM), David campberl (cMN) and Davj-d Baron (SMNH). r am indebted to chris shaw (LACM) for providing me with extensive information as well as specimen measurements and to Dr. Carron Meaney (DMNH) for personally transporting valuabl-e specimens. Ross Li11y and Dr. Jim clayton (DFo) and Jack Dubois (MMMN) provided herpful information. Lorne Gourd, Jane Rawruk and many members of the speleological society of Manitoba provided volunteer assistance and/or guidance through Manitoba's karst formations. G. Dyck very kindly translated portions of Bibikov's (t-985) text. This project was partially funded by research grants from the Manitoba Heritage Federation (through the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature) and the Manitoba Naturalists Society. LÏST OF TÃBLES TABLE PAGE l-. Local-ities where C. dirus and C" Tupus fossils 49 hrere recovered " xl_ LTST OF FÏGURES FIGURE PAGE l-. GeologicaJ- age and range of selected Nearctic 5 and Palearctic wolf-like Canis" 2. Canis skul-l- el-ements j-ncluded in the analyses " 1-2 3 . Map of l-ocalities of C . Tupus and fossil Canis " 17 4 " Plot of first two principal components scores 2a for gray wolves (C. Iupus) collected in the western half of North America from 1,851,-1972. 5. Plot of first two principaJ- components scores 23 for MALE and FEMALE gray wol-ves (C. Tupus) coll-ected in the western hal-f of North America from l-851-1-920. 6. Pl-ot of f irst two principal components scores 24 for gray wolves (C. lupus ) collected frorn NORTH and SOUTH of 50o N. Lat. from 1851-l-920. 7. Plot of first two principal cornponents scores 25 for gray wolves (C. Tupus ) collected from TREED and OPEN habitats from 1851-1920. 8. Pl-ot of first two principal components scores 27 for Nearctic Modern (1851--1920) , Hol-ocene and l-ate Pleistocene gray wolves (C. Tupus) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mizzoualumnus1975novp16-19.Pdf (3.318Mb)
    THE GAUE THAT TRAPPED HISTORY Natural Trap Cave has been collecting bones of unwary animals for at least 13,000 years. Expeditions led by a Mizzou anthropologist are digging up those bones and clues about the cycles of climatic change. Text and Photos by Dave Holman IIi / m ISSOllRI ilLUrnrus The only entrenee to Natural Trap Ceve la the hole In the roof. Any enlmal that might have survived the fallatlll became a victim. Workera at theahe, below, ehherrappellnto theeave or descend theacafloldlng. A herd of small horses stampeded through the tall grass across a plateau near the edge of a canyon, pur­ sued by a large, long-legged cat. The cat closed on the slowest horse, forcing her along the canyon edge onto a peninsula of limestone. The cat sprang, fas­ tened its claws and teeth in the horse's neck, and suddenly, horse and cat disappeared from the face of the earth. Twelve thousand years later, a green panel truck and a dusty jeep bounced along a dirt road over the same plateau, now covered with sage and prickly pear. On the limestone peninsula where the horse and cat disappeared, the vehicles stopped by a 15- foot-wide hole in the rock. Eighty feet below is the floor of Natural Trap Cave. The cave floor is covered with the accumulated dust of centuries, clearly stratified and containing thou­ sands of bones of animals that failed to see the hole. This summer was the second consecutive year that Bob Gilbert, research associate in Mizzou's an­ thropology department had led an organized ex­ pedition to the trap.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaternary Records of the Dire Wolf, Canis Dirus, in North and South America
    Quaternary records of the dire wolf, Canis dirus, in North and South America ROBERT G. DUNDAS Dundas, R. G. 1999 (September): Quaternary records of the dire wolf, Canis dirus, in North and South Ameri- ca. Boreas, Vol. 28, pp. 375–385. Oslo. ISSN 0300-9483. The dire wolf was an important large, late Pleistocene predator in North and South America, well adapted to preying on megaherbivores. Geographically widespread, Canis dirus is reported from 136 localities in North America from Alberta, Canada, southward and from three localities in South America (Muaco, Venezuela; Ta- lara, Peru; and Tarija, Bolivia). The species lived in a variety of environments, from forested mountains to open grasslands and plains ranging in elevation from sea level to 2255 m (7400 feet). Canis dirus is assigned to the Rancholabrean land mammal age of North America and the Lujanian land mammal age of South Amer- ica and was among the many large carnivores and megaherbivores that became extinct in North and South America near the end of the Pleistocene Epoch. Robert G. Dundas, Department of Geology, California State University, Fresno, California 93740-8031, USA. E-mail: [email protected]; received 20th May 1998, accepted 23rd March 1999 Because of the large number of Canis dirus localities Rancho La Brea, comparing them with Canis lupus and and individuals recovered from the fossil record, the dire wolf specimens from other localities. Although dire wolf is the most commonly occurring large knowledge of the animal’s biology had greatly predator in the Pleistocene of North America. By increased by 1912, little was known about its strati- contrast, the species is rare in South America.
    [Show full text]
  • Frequency of Pathology in a Large Natural Sample from Natural Trap
    Reumatismo, 2003; 55(1):58-65 RUBRICA DALLA RICERCA ALLA PRATICA Frequency of pathology in a large natural sample from Natural Trap Cave with special remarks on erosive disease in the Pleistocene La patologia osteoarticolare, con particolare riguardo a quella di tipo erosivo, nel Pleistocene: studio di un campione di reperti paleopatologici provenienti dalla Natural Trap Cave (Wyoming, USA) B.M. Rothschild1, L.D. Martin2 1The Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine and University of Akron; 2Museum of Natural History and Department of Systematics and Ecology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 RIASSUNTO Nel presente studio vengono riportati i rilievi paleopatologici, con particolare riguardo alla presenza di artrite ero- siva, di osteoartrosi, di DISH , nonché ai segni di danno della dentizione, relativi ad un’ampia popolazione di mam- miferi, i cui resti (più di 30.000 ossa di 24 specie diverse) sono stati ritrovati nella Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming, USA. L’evidenza di artrite erosiva è confinata ai bovidi, Bison, Ovis e Bootherium, fatto osservabile anche in bisonti del tardo Pleistocene ritrovati nel Kansas (Twelve Mile Creek) e in un’altra località del Wisconsin, riferibile cronologi- camente al primo Olocene. Questi dati, ovvero la restrizione di tali segni di patologia articolare ad un singolo gene- re animale (Bovidi) e ad un determinato periodo storico, rende plausibile l’ipotesi che un agente patogeno, identifi- cabile col Mycobacterium tubercolosis, possa essere stato implicato nella genesi dell’artrite erosiva. Osteoartrosi e DISH sono risultate poco rappresentate nella popolazione animale della Natural Trap Cave, anche se il genere Bi- son ha dimostrato una discreta prevalenza di segni di osteoartrosi.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holocene
    The Holocene http://hol.sagepub.com The Holocene history of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in eastern Washington state, northwestern USA R. Lee Lyman The Holocene 2009; 19; 143 DOI: 10.1177/0959683608098958 The online version of this article can be found at: http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/1/143 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for The Holocene can be found at: Email Alerts: http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://hol.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Citations http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/19/1/143 Downloaded from http://hol.sagepub.com at University of Missouri-Columbia on January 13, 2009 The Holocene 19,1 (2009) pp. 143–150 The Holocene history of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in eastern Washington state, northwestern USA R. Lee Lyman* (Department of Anthropology, 107 Swallow Hall, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, USA) Received 9 May 2008; revised manuscript accepted 30 June 2008 Abstract: Historical data are incomplete regarding the presence/absence and distribution of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in eastern Washington State. Palaeozoological (archaeological and palaeontological) data indicate bighorn were present in many areas there during most of the last 10 000 years. Bighorn occupied the xeric shrub-steppe habitats of the Channeled Scablands, likely because the Scablands provided the steep escape terrain bighorn prefer. The relative abundance of bighorn is greatest during climatically dry intervals and low during a moist period. Bighorn remains tend to increase in relative abundance over the last 6000 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Mammal Faunal Stasis in Natural Trap Cave (Pleistocene– Holocene), Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming
    SMALL MAMMAL FAUNAL STASIS IN NATURAL TRAP CAVE (PLEISTOCENE– HOLOCENE), BIGHORN MOUNTAINS, WYOMING BY C2009 Daniel R. Williams Submitted to the graduate degree program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________________ Larry D. Martin/Chairperson Committee members* _____________________* Bruce S. Lieberman _____________________* Robert M. Timm _____________________* Bryan L. Foster _____________________* William C. Johnson Date defended: April 21, 2009 ii The Dissertation Committee for Daniel Williams certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: SMALL MAMMAL FAUNAL STASIS IN NATURAL TRAP CAVE (PLEISTOCENE– HOLOCENE), BIGHORN MOUNTAINS, WYOMING Commmittee: ____________________________________ Larry D. Martin/Chairperson* ____________________________________ Bruce S. Lieberman ____________________________________ Robert M. Timm ____________________________________ Bryan L. Foster ____________________________________ William C. Johnson Date approved: April, 29, 2009 iii ABSTRACT Paleocommunity behavior through time is a topic of fierce debate in paleoecology, one with ramifications for the general study of macroevolution. The predominant viewpoint is that communities are ephemeral objects during the Quaternary that easily fall apart, but evidence exists that suggests geography and spatial scale plays a role. Natural Trap Cave is a prime testing ground for observing how paleocommunities react to large-scale climate change. Natural Trap Cave has a continuous faunal record (100 ka–recent) that spans the last glacial cycle, large portions of which are replicated in local rockshelters, which is used here to test for local causes of stasis. The Quaternary fauna of North America is relatively well sampled and dated, so the influence of spatial scale and biogeography on local community change can also be tested for.
    [Show full text]
  • Rancholabrean Vertebrates from the Las Vegas Formation, Nevada
    Quaternary International xxx (2017) 1e17 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint The Tule Springs local fauna: Rancholabrean vertebrates from the Las Vegas Formation, Nevada * Eric Scott a, , Kathleen B. Springer b, James C. Sagebiel c a Dr. John D. Cooper Archaeological and Paleontological Center, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA b U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS-980, Denver CO 80225, USA c Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin R7600, 10100 Burnet Road, Building 6, Austin, TX 78758, USA article info abstract Article history: A middle to late Pleistocene sedimentary sequence in the upper Las Vegas Wash, north of Las Vegas, Received 8 March 2017 Nevada, has yielded the largest open-site Rancholabrean vertebrate fossil assemblage in the southern Received in revised form Great Basin and Mojave Deserts. Recent paleontologic field studies have led to the discovery of hundreds 19 May 2017 of fossil localities and specimens, greatly extending the geographic and temporal footprint of original Accepted 2 June 2017 investigations in the early 1960s. The significance of the deposits and their entombed fossils led to the Available online xxx preservation of 22,650 acres of the upper Las Vegas Wash as Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monu- ment. These discoveries also warrant designation of the assemblage as a local fauna, named for the site of the original paleontologic studies at Tule Springs. The large mammal component of the Tule Springs local fauna is dominated by remains of Mammuthus columbi as well as Camelops hesternus, along with less common remains of Equus (including E.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Comparing the Genetic Diversity of Late Pleistocene Bison
    ABSTRACT Comparing the Genetic Diversity of Late Pleistocene Bison with Modern Bison bison Using Ancient DNA Techniques and the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Kory C. Douglas Mentors: Robert P. Adams, Ph.D., and Lori E. Baker, Ph.D. The transition between the Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs brought about a mass extinction of many large mammals. The genetic consequences of such widespread extinctions have not been well studied. Using ancient DNA and phylogenetic techniques, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness of extinct Pleistocene Bison ranging from Siberia to mid-latitude North America (10,000 ybp to 50,000 ybp) were compared to extant Bison bison. The mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced from 10 Bison priscus skulls obtained from the Kolyma Region of Siberia, Russia. Control region sequences from other Pleistocene Bison species and Bison bison were obtained from Genbank. There is a measurable loss of genetic diversity in Bison bison compared to Pleistocene Bison. Furthermore, the Pleistocene Bison population was strongest in North America from a time period of 30,000 ybp to 10,000 ybp, and the genetic diversity present in this population is not represented in the Bison bison population. Copyright © 2006 Kory C. Douglas All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures iv List of Tables v Acknowledgments vi Chapter One: Introduction 1 Ancient DNA 2 Mitochondrial DNA 3 Pleistocene Epoch 5 Mass Extinctions 8 Bison 10 Phylogenetics 11 Research Hypotheses 14 Chapter Two: Materials and Methods 16 Sampling 16
    [Show full text]
  • A Wild Boar Dominated Ungulate Assemblage from an Early Holocene Natural Pit Fall Trap
    596837 HOL0010.1177/0959683615596837The HoloceneLord et al. research-article2015 Research report The Holocene 1 –7 A wild boar dominated ungulate © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav assemblage from an early Holocene DOI: 10.1177/0959683615596837 natural pit fall trap: Cave shaft hol.sagepub.com sediments in northwest England associated with the 9.3 ka BP cold event Tom C Lord,1 John A Thorp2 and Peter Wilson3 Abstract A highly unusual pit fall ungulate assemblage dominated by wild boar (Sus scrofa) was recovered during the recent exploration of a cave shaft in the upland karstic landscape of northwest England. Both the opening of the cave shaft to the surface and its infilling by clastic sediments are attributable to accelerated landscape erosion associated with the 9.3 ka BP climatic deterioration. Evidence that wild boar had died in winter or spring suggests that their deaths relate to the prolonged periods of annual snow cover experienced by the uplands of northwest England during the 9.3 ka BP event. The dominance of wild boar in the pit fall assemblage is explained by the snow pack concealing the open shaft and turning it into a baited trap for wild boar whenever it contained carrion. Wild boar bones splintered and chewed by wild boar demonstrate carrion cannibalism. Human presence is attested by slight butchery to an aurochs (Bos primigenius). How Mesolithic people adapted to climate change associated with the 9.3 ka BP event is a subject well worth pursuing. Keywords 9.3 ka BP event, animal bones, karstic caves, northwest England Received 9 March 2015; revised manuscript accepted 6 June 2015 Introduction as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (Hinde et al., 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • (Ovis Canadensis) of Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies Nebraska Academy of Sciences 1988 Systematics and Population Ecology of Late Pleistocene Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) of Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming Xiaoming Wang University of Kansas Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas Part of the Life Sciences Commons Wang, Xiaoming, "Systematics and Population Ecology of Late Pleistocene Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) of Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming" (1988). Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies. 194. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas/194 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nebraska Academy of Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societiesy b an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 1988. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, XVI: 173-183. SYSTEMATICS AND POPULATION ECOLOGY OF LATE PLEISTOCENE BIGHORN SHEEP (aVIS CANADENSIS) OF NATURAL TRAP CAVE, WYOMING Xiaoming Wang Museum of Natural History and Department of Systematics and Ecology University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045 Large numbers of Late Pleistocene bighorn sheep (total counts of identifi­ INTRODUCTION able elements: 4,497) Ovis canadensis. are described from the Natural Trap Cave, northern Wyoming. The specimens consist of nearly-intact skulls and enough post-cranial materials to assemble several complete sheep skeletons. Natural Trap Cave, south of the Wyoming-Montana border Most of the fossils yield radiocarbon dates from 12,000 to 21,000 BP, while the and Crow Indian Reservation, NW Y4, SE Y4, SEC.
    [Show full text]
  • INQUA SEQS 2020 Conference Proceedings
    INQUA SEQS 2020 Conference Proceedings P oland, 2020 Quaternary Stratigraphy – palaeoenvironment, sediments, palaeofauna and human migrations across Central Europe Edited by Artur Sobczyk Urszula Ratajczak-Skrzatek Marek Kasprzak Adam Kotowski Adrian Marciszak Krzysztof Stefaniak INQUA SEQS 2020 Conference Proceedings Wrocław, Poland, 28th September 2020 Quaternary Stratigraphy – palaeoenvironment, sediments, palaeofauna and human migrations across Central Europe International conference dedicated to the 70th Birthday Anniversary of prof. Adam Nadachowski Editorial Board: Artur Sobczyk, Urszula Ratajczak-Skrzatek, Marek Kasprzak, Adam Kotowski, Adrian Marciszak & Krzysztof Stefaniak Cover design & DTP: Artur Sobczyk Cover image: Male skull of the Barbary lion Panthera leo leo (Linnaeus, 1758) from the collection of Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Poland. Photo by Małgorzata Marcula ISBN: 978-83-942304-8-7 (Polish Geological Society) © 2020 | This work is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. Supporting Organizations INQUA – SEQS Section on European Quaternary Stratigraphy INQUA – SACCOM Commission on Stratigraphy and Chronology INQUA – International Union for Quaternary Research Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) Committee for Quaternary Research, PAS Polish Geological Society University of Wrocław Please cite this book as: Sobczyk A., Ratajczak-Skrzatek U., Kasprzak M., Kotowski A., Marciszak A., Stefaniak K. (eds.), 2020. Proceedings of INQUA SEQS 2020 Conference, Wrocław, Poland. University of Wrocław & Polish Geological Society, 124 p. Preface In the year 2019, we decided to organize the 2020 SEQS-INQUA conference “Quaternary Stratigraphy – palaeoenvironment, sediments, fauna and human migrations across Central Europe”. The original idea was to offer a conference program with a plenary oral presentation at a venue located in the Śnieżnik Mountains (in the Sudetes) combined with field sessions in the Sudeten caves, the Giant Mountains (Karkonosze) and the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution, Systematics, and Phylogeography of Pleistocene Horses in the New World: a Molecular Perspective
    Open access, freely available online PLoS BIOLOGY Evolution, Systematics, and Phylogeography of Pleistocene Horses in the New World: A Molecular Perspective Jaco Weinstock1*, Eske Willerslev1¤a, Andrei Sher2, Wenfei Tong3, Simon Y.W. Ho1, Dan Rubenstein3, John Storer4, James Burns5, Larry Martin6, Claudio Bravi7, Alfredo Prieto8, Duane Froese9, Eric Scott10, Lai Xulong11, Alan Cooper1¤b* 1 Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, 2 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, United States of America, 4 Government of the Yukon, Cultural Services Branch, Whitehorse, Canada, 5 Quaternary Paleontology Program, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, 6 Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America, 7 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Celular (IMBICE), La Plata, Argentina, 8 Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile, 9 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Alberta, Canada, 10 San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands, California, United States of America, 11 China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China The rich fossil record of horses has made them a classic example of evolutionary processes. However, while the overall picture of equid evolution is well known, the details are surprisingly poorly understood, especially for the later Pliocene and Pleistocene, c. 3 million to 0.01 million years (Ma) ago, and nowhere more so than in the Americas. There is no consensus on the number of equid species or even the number of lineages that existed in these continents. Likewise, the origin of the endemic South American genus Hippidion is unresolved, as is the phylogenetic position of the ‘‘stilt-legged’’ horses of North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacial Ice Ages
    JadeWyoming State State Mineral & Gem News Society, Inc. Award-Winning WSMGS Website: wsmgs.org Volume 2021, Issue # 1 Glacial Ice Ages By Emma Groeneveld Ancient History Encyclopedia* An ice age is a period in which the earth's climate is colder than normal, with ice sheets capping the poles and glaciers dominating higher altitudes. Within an ice age, there are varying pulses of colder and warmer climatic conditions, known as “glacials” and “interglacials.” Even within the interglacials, ice continues to cover at least one of the poles. In contrast, outside an ice age, temperatures are higher and more stable, and there is far less ice covering the WSMGS OFFICERS Earth. The Pleistocene Epoch is typically defined as the time period that began President: Jim Gray about 2.6 million years ago and lasted until about 11,700 years ago. The [email protected] Vice President: Linda Richendifer [email protected] Secretary: Leane Gray [email protected] Treasurer: Stan Strike [email protected] Historian: Roger McMannis [email protected] Woolly mammoth is the most recognized of the glacial ice-age animals. Credit: Yukon Beringia, https://beringia.com (Continued on Page 2) Jade State News Editor: Ilene Olson [email protected] Table of Contents Glacial Ice Ages...........................................................................................Page 1 RMFMS WY State Director: Natural Trap Cave........................................................................................Page 5 Jim Gray Wyoming Valley Glaciers............................................................................Page
    [Show full text]