DOCSLIB.ORG

GIAJ Presentation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GIAJ Presentation CAM May 7, 2014 Natural Disasters Preparation ＆ Response of the Japanese General Insurance Industry Takashi Okuma General Manager International Department The General Insurance Association of Japan (GIAJ) 1 Natural Disasters in Japan Japan is one of the natural disaster-prone countries (Typhoons, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Floods, etc.) The two major natural disasters prominent in Japan are typhoons and earthquakes In particular, in terms of large losses, typhoons and earthquakes are predominant 2 Public Relief “Disaster Victims Livelihood Recovery Support System” Human suffering: Act on Provision of Disaster Condolence Grant (1973) Payment to family members of the deceased and those who become severely disabled For family members of the deceased: 5 million yen (when the victim was the family's main breadwinner) or 2.5 million yen (otherwise) For those who become severely disabled: 2.5 million yen (when the victim is the family's main breadwinner) or 1.25 million yen (otherwise) Home damage: Act on Support for Livelihood Recovery of Disaster Victims (1998) Payment for livelihood recovery of households with seriously damaged houses For damage to houses: 1 million yen (total loss) or 0.5 million yen (half loss) For reconstruction of houses: 2 million (to rebuild a house), 1 million yen (to repair the house), or 0.5 million yen (to rent a house) A total of 289.4 billion yen was provided to 189,869 households affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Other than the above, there are various loan schemes for living expenses and livelihood recovery Tax breaks/relief for disaster victims are also be available 3 Insurance Products Common Fire Policy: Coverage Fire, Explosion, Lightning Storm Flood Water leakage Burglary Breakage Earthquake Insurance for Dwelling Risks: EIDR Following fire Damage Tsunami Volcanic Eruption EIDR is not applicable for commercial properties. If necessary, commercial earthquake coverage has to be purchased. 4 Historical Natural Disasters in Japan Typhoons, Heavy Rain & Floods 10 Largest Insurance Claims Paid (As of March 31, 2013) Claims paid (JPY Billion ) Name of the disaster Date Fire & Voluntary Marine & Miscellaneous Total Automobile Transit Casualty 1 Typhoon Mireille September 26~28, 1991 522.5 26.9 18.5 567.9 2 Typhoon Songda September 4~8, 2004 356.4 25.9 5.1 387.4 3 Typhoon Bart September 21~25, 1999 284.7 21.2 8.8 314.7 4 Typhoon Vicki September 22, 1998 151.4 6.1 2.4 160.0 5 Typhoon Tokage October 20, 2004 111.3 17.9 8.9 138.0 6 Typhoon Shanshan September 15~20, 2006 116.1 14.7 1.2 132.0 7 Typhoon Chaba August 30~31, 2004 103.7 13.8 3.5 121.0 8 Typhoon Roke September 15~22, 2011 100.4 10.0 1.9 112.3 9 Tokai heavy rain September 10~12, 2000 44.7 54.5 3.9 103.0 10 Typhoon Yancy September 3, 1993 93.3 3.5 1.0 97.7 Source: General Insurance Association of Japan 5 Historical Natural Disasters in Japan Earthquake 10 Largest Earthquake Insurance for Dwelling Risk Claims Paid (As of March 31, 2013) Number of Claims paid Name of the earthquake Date Magnitude policies (JPY Billion ) 1 Great East Japan March 11, 2011 9.0 764,792 1,243.9 2 Great Hanshin Awaji January 17, 1995 7.3 65,427 78.3 3 Off Miyagi Prefecture April 7, 2011 7.2 30,750 32.2 4 West, Off Fukuoka Prefecture March 20, 2005 7.0 22,031 16.9 5 Geiyo (Hiroshima & Ehime Prefecture) March 24, 2001 6.7 24,450 16.9 6 Mid Niigata Prefecture (2004) October 23, 2004 6.8 12,607 14.9 7 Mid Niigata Prefecture (2007) July 16, 2007 6.8 7,861 8.2 8 West, Off Fukuoka Prefecture April 20, 2005 5.8 11,335 6.4 9 Off Tokachi (Hokkaido Prefecture) September 26, 2003 8.0 10,552 6.0 10 Iwate-Miyagi Inland (2008) June 14, 2008 7.2 8,276 5.5 Source: Japan Earthquake Reinsurance 6 Insurance Systems Typhoons, Heavy Rain & Floods Most household / commercial losses caused by natural disasters are covered by insurance products provided by private insurance companies. (without any financial support from the government) Private insurance companies have weathered huge losses by the catastrophe reserve system and international reinsurance. Earthquakes Though the frequency of destructive earthquake occurrences is very low, the scale of loss/damage levels of earthquakes can sometimes be extraordinarily huge. Therefore, it is difficult for insurance companies to make seismic risks insurable.>>>>>Support by the government is an absolute “MUST”. In Japan, Earthquake Insurance on Dwelling Risks is supported by a governmental reinsurance scheme. Commercial Earthquake risks are not supported by Governmental reinsurance scheme, so insurers control risks by themselves using unique cat modeling and reinsurance cover. etc. 7 Earthquake Insurance for Dwelling Risks Objective: “To contribute to the stabilization of the lives of the affected people” (Article 1, Act on Earthquake Insurance) Characteristic Points “No loss, no profit” principle All net premiums are accumulated and kept in an insurers’ reserve and a government special account. The government’s liability is funded by this Special Account. Unified product with industry-wide common rates Liability sharing of insurance companies and government ( From April 1, 2014 to the present ) 100 billion 362 billion 7,000 7,000billion billion (JPY) (JPY) 50% Government's Liability 99.5% 6,738.6 billion JPY Private Insurers' Liability 50% 261.4 billion JPY 0.5% 8 Earthquake Insurance for Dwelling Risks Interest Residential Buildings and/or Household Property Fire, Destruction, Burial or Flood resulting from an Earthquake, Volcanic Eruption Scope of cover and Tsunami ・Arranged as an optional rider to a fire Insurance policy Underwriting ・Compulsory for insurers / Non-compulsory for homeowners ・30% - 50% of the insured amount of fire insurance policy Amount insured ・Limited to a maximum of JPY 50mil. (US $0.5mil.) for a building and JPY 10mil. for household property Degree of loss Amount of insurance claim paid Payment of insurance Total loss 100% of amount insured claims Half loss 50% of amount insured Partial loss 5% of amount insured ・JPY 7.0 trillion per any one occurrence ・Determined on the assumption of the recurrence of the Great Kanto Earthquake Aggregate limit of (1923) indemnity ・If exceeded, claims payable shall be reduced pro rata by the proportion of JPY 7.0 trillion to the total amount of claims 9 The Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11, 2011) Earthquake Tsunami March 11 14:46 Mw9.0 There was only a 20 minute period 3 aftershocks over M7 occurred within 40 min between the main shock and following followed by a series of after shocks including set of tsunamis. many in the range M6~7. 0 hour 02 min earthquakes from Mar 11 to Apr 8 (data from Japan Meteorological Agency) copyright@ Prof. Kenji SATAKE http://outreach.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ Earthquake Research Institute; The University of Tokyo 10 The Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11, 2011) - Damage - Causes of death fire, 1.10% others, 2.20% HUMAN crushing, 4.40% Dead 15,885 Missing 2,623 Injured 6,148 drowning,drowning, 92.5%92.50% April 10, 2014 National Police Agency Apr 19, 2012 National Police Agency BUILDING Macro economic damage Total loss 127,305 Half loss 272,941 about trillion JPY Partial loss 741,752 16.9 June 24,2011 Estimated by Cabinet Office, Government of Japan April 10, 2014 National Police Agency ｛social capital・dwelling・installation｝ ※not including losses incurred by the Nuclear accident 11 The Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11, 2011) - Response of the Japanese General Insurance Industry - Total amount of claims paid for earthquake insurance and number of claim payments June 21, 2011 (70 days after) Ratio of case settlements: 92.5% (billion yen) 800,000 Total amount of claims paid: 1,001 billion yen 1,400 Number of claim payments: 554,005 700,000 1,200 600,000 1,000 500,000 800 May 31, 2012 (15 months after) 400,000 Ratio of case settlements: 99.2% 600 300,000 Total amount of claims paid: 1,235 billion yen Number of claim payments: 783,648 400 200,000 100,000 200 0 0 4/5/11 4/27/11 5/26/11 6/21/11 7/20/11 8/17/11 9/28/11 10/26/11 11/24/11 12/28/11 3/1/12 Number of claim payments Total amount of claims paid Ratio of case settlements = Settled cases / Reported claims (%) 12 The Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11, 2011) - Response of the Japanese General Insurance Industry - 1. Measures for prompt payment of insurance claims The GIAJ works as an organization responsible for the industry-wide dealing of earthquake insurance claims by concerted action and is exempt from the Antimonopoly Act on the basis of the Insurance Business Law and governmental approval. Preparation at ordinary times Development of an industry wide master plan to deal with earthquake insurance claims Industry-wide exercises and training under the master plan 13 The Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11, 2011) - Response of the Japanese General Insurance Industry - 1. Measures for prompt payment of insurance claims (continued) Response since the disasters occurred Under the master plan, the GIAJ established an Earthquake Insurance Central Command, which is directed by the GIAJ chairman and the Earthquake Insurance Local Headquarters in Sendai Insurers have dealt with insurance claims in an appropriate and smooth manner under the direction of Central Command Central Command・Outline Chief ： Established at GIAJ headquarters GIAJ chairman Affairs Planning System Accounting Survey Consultation & Press & Human Resources System Management Staff members of the GIAJ work in every team.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Typhoon Neoguri Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report1 DRR Sitrep 2014‐001 ‐ Updated July 8, 2014, 10:00 CET
    Typhoon Neoguri Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report1 DRR sitrep 2014‐001 ‐ updated July 8, 2014, 10:00 CET Summary Report Ongoing typhoon situation The storm had lost strength early Tuesday July 8, going from the equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane to a Category 3 on the Saffir‐Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which means devastating damage is expected to occur, with major damage to well‐built framed homes, snapped or uprooted trees and power outages. It is approaching Okinawa, Japan, and is moving northwest towards South Korea and the Philippines, bringing strong winds, flooding rainfall and inundating storm surge. Typhoon Neoguri is a once‐in‐a‐decade storm and Japanese authorities have extended their highest storm alert to Okinawa's main island. The Global Assessment Report (GAR) 2013 ranked Japan as first among countries in the world for both annual and maximum potential losses due to cyclones. It is calculated that Japan loses on average up to $45.9 Billion due to cyclonic winds every year and that it can lose a probable maximum loss of $547 Billion.2 What are the most devastating cyclones to hit Okinawa in recent memory? There have been 12 damaging cyclones to hit Okinawa since 1945. Sustaining winds of 81.6 knots (151 kph), Typhoon “Winnie” caused damages of $5.8 million in August 1997. Typhoon "Bart", which hit Okinawa in October 1999 caused damages of $5.7 million. It sustained winds of 126 knots (233 kph). The most damaging cyclone to hit Japan was Super Typhoon Nida (reaching a peak intensity of 260 kph), which struck Japan in 2004 killing 287 affecting 329,556 people injuring 1,483, and causing damages amounting to $15 Billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 7. Building a Safe and Comfortable Society
    Section 1 Realizing a Universal Society Building a Safe and Comfortable Chapter 7 Society Section 1 Realizing a Universal Society 1 Realizing Accessibility through a Universal Design Concept The “Act on Promotion of Smooth Transportation, etc. of Elderly Persons, Disabled Persons, etc.” embodies the universal design concept of “freedom and convenience for anywhere and anyone”, making it mandatory to comply with “Accessibility Standards” when newly establishing various facilities (passenger facilities, various vehicles, roads, off- street parking facilities, city parks, buildings, etc.), mandatory best effort for existing facilities as well as defining a development target for the end of FY2020 under the “Basic Policy on Accessibility” to promote accessibility. Also, in accordance with the local accessibility plan created by municipalities, focused and integrated promotion of accessibility is carried out in priority development district; to increase “caring for accessibility”, by deepening the national public’s understanding and seek cooperation for the promotion of accessibility, “accessibility workshops” are hosted in which you learn to assist as well as virtually experience being elderly, disabled, etc.; these efforts serve to accelerate II accessibility measures (sustained development in stages). Chapter 7 (1) Accessibility of Public Transportation In accordance with the “Act on Figure II-7-1-1 Current Accessibility of Public Transportation Promotion of Smooth Transportation, etc. (as of March 31, 2014) of Elderly Persons, Disabled
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents 1. Atmospheric data assimilation schemes, analysis and initialization, data impact studies, observing system experiments Author Paper Title Country Pages L. Duc, T. Koruda, K. Saito and Data assimilation experiments of Myanmar cyclone Japan 01-03 T. Fujita Nargis based on NHM-LETKF Radar reflectivity assimilation in JMA’s operational Y. Ikuta Japan 01-05 meso-analysis system Simplified basic state update in the JMA global 4D- T. Ishibashi Japan 01-07 Var A new inner model with a higher horizontal T. Kadowaki and K. Yoshimoto resolution (TL319) in JMA’s Global 4D-Var data Japan 01-09 assimilation system Assimilation experiments involving surface-sensitive M. Kazumori microwave radiances in JMA’s global data Japan 01-11 assimilation system Initial assessment of FY-3A microwave temperature M. Kazumori and H. Murata sounder radiance data in JMA’s global data Japan 01-13 assimilation system T. Kuroda, T. Fujita, H. Seko Construction of Mesoscale LETKF Data Assimilation Japan 01-15 and K. Saito Experiment System N. Saint-Ramond, A. Forecast sensitivity to observations at Météo-France Doerenbecher, F. Rabier, Application to GPS radio-occultation data France 01-17 V. Guidard, N. Fourrié GPS TPW Assimilation with the JMA Nonhydrostatic K. Saito, Y. Shoji, S. Origuchi, 4DVAR and Cloud Resolving Ensemble Forecast for Japan 01-19 L. Duc and H. Seko the 2008 August Tokyo Metropolitan Area Local Heavy Rainfalls H. Seko, S. Kogure and T. Observation System Simulation Experiments of Japan 01-21 Tsuda Quasi-Zenith Satellite H. Seko, K. Saito, O. Suzuki and Impacts of the low-level convergence data on the A.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Storm Surge in Seto Inland Sea with Consideration Of
    STORM SURGE IN SETO INLAND SEA WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE IMPACTS OF WAVE BREAKING ON SURFACE CURRENTS Han Soo Lee1, Takao Yamashita1, Tomoaki Komaguchi2, and Toyoaki Mishima3 Storm surge and storm wave simulations in Seto Inland Sea (SIS) in Japan were conducted for Typhoon Yancy (9313) and Chaba (0416) using an atmosphere (MM5)-wave (SWAN)-ocean (POM) modeling system. In the coupled modeling system, a new method for wave-current interaction in terms of momentum transfer due to whitecapping in deep water and depth-induced wave breaking in shallow water was considered. The calculated meteorological and wave fields show good agreement with the observations in SIS and its vicinities. The storm surge results also exhibit good accordance with the observations in SIS. To resolve a number of islands in SIS, we also performed numerical experiments with different grid resolutions and obtained improved results from higher resolutions in wave and ocean circulation fields. Keywords: Seto Inland Sea; storm surge; atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model; air-sea interaction; whitecapping; depth-induced wave breaking INTRODUCTION Storm surge due to tropical cyclones (TCs) varies from place to place depending on the geographical features of the place we are interested in such as the effect of surrounding topography on meteorological fields, geographical shape of the bay or harbor, underwater bathymetry, tide, and interaction with other water bodies including rivers and open seas and oceans. In the storm surge modeling it is difficult to consider all of these effects such that we have to compromise some of them for simplifying a problem, more efficient modeling and engineering purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking the Origin and Dispersion of Contaminated Sediments Transported by Rivers Draining the Fukushima Radioactive Contaminant Plume
    Sediment Dynamics from the Summit to the Sea 237 (Proceedings of a symposium held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 11–14 December 2014) (IAHS Publ. 367, 2014). Tracking the origin and dispersion of contaminated sediments transported by rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive contaminant plume HUGO LEPAGE1, OLIVIER EVRARD1, YUICHI ONDA2, CAROLINE CHARTIN1, IRENE LEFEVRE1, AYRAULT SOPHIE1 & PHILIPPE BONTE1 1 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (CEA, CNRS,UVSQ), F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France [email protected] 2 Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics (CRIED), Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan Abstract This study was conducted in several catchments draining the main Fukushima Dai-ichi Power Plant contaminant plume in Fukushima prefecture, Japan. We collected soils and sediment drape deposits (n = 128) and investigated the variation in 137Cs enrichment during five sampling campaigns, conducted every six months, which typically occurred after intense erosive events such as typhoons and snowmelt. We show that upstream contaminated soils are eroded during summer typhoons (June–October) before being exported during the spring snowmelt (March–April). However, this seasonal cycle of sediment dispersion is further complicated by the occurrence of dam releases that may discharge large amounts of contaminants to the coastal plains during the coming years. Key words erosion; sediment; soil; Fukushima; radio-caesium; enrichment factor INTRODUCTION The Tohoku earthquake and the subsequent tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011 impacted the Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) and led to a significant atmospheric release of 137 radionuclides such as Cs (T1/2 = 30 years). About 80% of the release was transported out and over the Pacific Ocean, with the rest primarily deposited on the soils of Fukushima Prefecture as a result of wet atmospheric fallout.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensitivity of Horizontal Resolution and Sea Spray to the Simulations
    Sensitivity of horizontal resolution and sea spray to the simulations of Typhoon Roke in 2011 Akiyoshi Wada* *Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, JAPAN [email protected] 1. Introduction A previous report of Wada (2012) indicated that the horizontal resolution of 2 km was not enough to simulate the maximum intensity and structural change of Typhoon Roke in 2011 although the nonhydrostatic atmosphere model without ocean coupling well reproduced a rapid decrease in central pressure, 30 hPa in a day. In reality, a rapid intensification of Roke occurred when sea surface cooling was induced by the typhoon. This study addresses the sensitivity of horizontal resolution to the simulations of the typhoon. In addition, the sensitivity of an increase in turbulent heat fluxes due to the effect of sea spray induced by strong winds to the simulations was investigated in order to investigate the impact on the maximum intensity and intensification of simulated Roke. 2. Experimental design Summary of numerical simulations performed by Table 1 Summary of ocean coupling/noncoupling, horizontal resolution the atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model (Wada et al., and sea spray parameterization Experiment Ocean Horizontal Sea spray 2010) is listed in Table1. The coupled model covered coupling resolution nearly a 1600 km x 1600 km computational domain with A2km NO 2 km - a horizontal grid spacing of 2 km in experiments A2km C2km YES 2 km - and C2km, and that of 1.5km in experiments C1.5km and CSP1.5km. The coupled model had 40 vertical levels C1.5km YES 1.5km - with variable intervals from 40 m for the near-surface CSP1.5km YES 1.5km Bao et al.(2000) layer to 1180 m for the uppermost layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan's Insurance Market 2020
    Japan’s Insurance Market 2020 Japan’s Insurance Market 2020 Contents Page To Our Clients Masaaki Matsunaga President and Chief Executive The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited 1 1. The Risks of Increasingly Severe Typhoons How Can We Effectively Handle Typhoons? Hironori Fudeyasu, Ph.D. Professor Faculty of Education, Yokohama National University 2 2. Modeling the Insights from the 2018 and 2019 Climatological Perils in Japan Margaret Joseph Model Product Manager, RMS 14 3. Life Insurance Underwriting Trends in Japan Naoyuki Tsukada, FALU, FUWJ Chief Underwriter, Manager, Underwriting Team, Life Underwriting & Planning Department The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited 20 4. Trends in Japan’s Non-Life Insurance Industry Underwriting & Planning Department The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited 25 5. Trends in Japan's Life Insurance Industry Life Underwriting & Planning Department The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited 32 Company Overview 37 Supplemental Data: Results of Japanese Major Non-Life Insurance Companies for Fiscal 2019, Ended March 31, 2020 (Non-Consolidated Basis) 40 ©2020 The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited. All rights reserved. The contents may be reproduced only with the written permission of The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited. To Our Clients It gives me great pleasure to have the opportunity to welcome you to our brochure, ‘Japan’s Insurance Market 2020.’ It is encouraging to know that over the years our brochures have been well received even beyond our own industry’s boundaries as a source of useful, up-to-date information about Japan’s insurance market, as well as contributing to a wider interest in and understanding of our domestic market. During fiscal 2019, the year ended March 31, 2020, despite a moderate recovery trend in the first half, uncertainties concerning the world economy surged toward the end of the fiscal year, affected by the spread of COVID-19.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society
    Special Feature Consecutive Disasters --Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society-- In 2018, many disasters occurred consecutively in various parts of Japan, including earthquakes, heavy rains, and typhoons. In particular, the earthquake that hit the northern part of Osaka Prefecture on June 18, the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 centered on West Japan starting June 28, Typhoons Jebi (1821) and Trami (1824), and the earthquake that stroke the eastern Iburi region, Hokkaido Prefecture on September 6 caused damage to a wide area throughout Japan. The damage from the disaster was further extended due to other disaster that occurred subsequently in the same areas. The consecutive occurrence of major disasters highlighted the importance of disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and building national resilience, which will lead to preparing for natural disasters and protecting people’s lives and assets. In order to continue to maintain and improve Japan’s DRR measures into the future, it is necessary to build a "disaster conscious society" where each member of society has an awareness and a sense of responsibility for protecting their own life. The “Special Feature” of the Reiwa Era’s first White Paper on Disaster Management covers major disasters that occurred during the last year of the Heisei era. Chapter 1, Section 1 gives an overview of those that caused especially extensive damage among a series of major disasters that occurred in 2018, while also looking back at response measures taken by the government. Chapter 1, Section 2 and Chapter 2 discuss the outline of disaster prevention and mitigation measures and national resilience initiatives that the government as a whole will promote over the next years based on the lessons learned from the major disasters in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation of the 2018 Typhoon Jebi: Impact of High Waves and Storm Surge in Semi-Enclosed Osaka Bay, Japan
    Pure Appl. Geophys. 176 (2019), 4139–4160 Ó 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02295-0 Pure and Applied Geophysics Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation of the 2018 Typhoon Jebi: Impact of High Waves and Storm Surge in Semi-enclosed Osaka Bay, Japan 1 1 2 1 1 TUAN ANH LE, HIROSHI TAKAGI, MOHAMMAD HEIDARZADEH, YOSHIHUMI TAKATA, and ATSUHEI TAKAHASHI Abstract—Typhoon Jebi made landfall in Japan in 2018 and hit 1. Introduction Osaka Bay on September 4, causing severe damage to Kansai area, Japan’s second largest economical region. We conducted field surveys around the Osaka Bay including the cities of Osaka, Annually, an average of 2.9 tropical cyclones Wakayama, Tokushima, Hyogo, and the island of Awaji-shima to (from 1951 to 2016) have hit Japan (Takagi and evaluate the situation of these areas immediately after Typhoon Esteban 2016; Takagi et al. 2017). The recent Jebi struck. Jebi generated high waves over large areas in these regions, and many coasts were substantially damaged by the Typhoon Jebi in September 2018 has been the combined impact of high waves and storm surges. The Jebi storm strongest tropical cyclone to come ashore in the last surge was the highest in the recorded history of Osaka. We used a 25 years since Typhoon Yancy (the 13th typhoon to storm surge–wave coupled model to investigate the impact caused by Jebi. The simulated surge level was validated with real data hit Japan, in 1993), severely damaging areas in its acquired from three tidal stations, while the wave simulation results trajectory.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of and Studies with Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models
    Section 9 Development of and studies with coupled ocean-atmosphere models Numerical simulations of the intensity change of Typhoon Choiwan (2009) and the oceanic response Akiyoshi Wada *Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, JAPAN [email protected] 1. Introduction Interactions between typhoons and the ocean are known to be important for predicting their intensity changes. In addition, a strong wind curl accompanied by typhoons induces sea surface cooling by passage of a TC, and causes variations in pCO2 in the upper ocean. The concentration of pCO2 is a function of the concentration of hydrogen ions, which is calculated by given water temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (ALK). Wada et al. (2011a, b) reported that a simple chemical scheme coupled with an ocean general circulation model (Wada et al., 2011a) or coupled with a nonhydrostatic atmosphere model coupled with a multilayer ocean model and the third generation ocean wave model enabled us to simulate variations in pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux caused by Typhoons Tina and Winnie (1997) and Typhoon Hai-Tang (2005). However, the variations in pCO2 could not be validated for numerical simulations of Typhoon Hai-Tang (2005) due to lack of observation. Bond et al. (2011) reported that pCO2, the water minus air value, increased dramatically giving a maximum value of 55 atm and then it slowly decreases at the surface mooring buoy named the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy by passage of Typhoon Choiwan in 2009. In order to clarify the mechanism of the variations in pCO2 in the upper ocean by passage of Choiwan, numerical simulations were performed using a nonhydrostatic atmosphere model coupled with the multilayer ocean model and the third generation ocean wave model.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Assessment of Coastal Hazards Due to Future Changes of Tropical Cyclones in the North Pacific Ocean
    Weather and Climate Extremes ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎ Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Weather and Climate Extremes journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/wace Impact assessment of coastal hazards due to future changes of tropical cyclones in the North Pacific Ocean Nobuhito Mori n, Tetsuya Takemi Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan article info abstract Article history: Tropical cyclones generate severe hazards in the middle latitudes. A brief review and applications of Received 13 July 2015 dynamical and statistical downscaling of tropical cyclone (TC) are described targeting extreme storm Received in revised form surge and storm wave hazard assessment. First, a review of the current understanding of the changes in 10 September 2015 the characteristics of TCs in the past and in the future is shown. Then, a review and ongoing research Accepted 17 September 2015 about impact assessment of tropical cyclones both dynamical downscaling and statistical model are described for Typhoon Vera in 1959 and Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Finally, several examples of impact Keywords: assessment of storm surge and extreme wave changes are presented. Changes in both TC intensity and Climate change track are linked to future changes in extreme storm surge and wave climate in middle latitude. Tropical cyclones & 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license Downscaling (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Impact assessment Coastal hazards 1. Introduction long-term projections of TCs under climate change are also im- portant. Global warming in the future is expected to affect the Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the major meteorological characteristics of TCs, in particular their frequency, intensity, and hazards as a cause of flooding, landslides, damaging winds, high track.
    [Show full text]
  • Intensification and Structure Change of Super Typhoon Flo As Related to the Large-Scale Environment
    N PS ARCHIVE 1998.06 TITLEY, D. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California DISSERTATION INTENSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE CHANGE OF SUPER TYPHOON FLO AS RELATED TO THE LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT by David W. Titley June 1998 Dissertation Supervisor: Russell L. Elsberry Thesis T5565 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. -EYKNC . •OOL DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CA 93943-5101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No 0704-01! Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of ManagemerJ and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 1998. Doctoral Dissertation 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Intensification and Structure Change of Super 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Typhoon Flo as Related to the Large-Scale Environment 6. AUTHOR(S) Titley, David W. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION Monterey CA 93943-5000 REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S.
    [Show full text]