DOCSLIB.ORG

OMNI MAGAZINE Prove Both Hard to Maintain and Inad- Jesse Jones Industries 499 E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
OMNI MAGAZINE Prove Both Hard to Maintain and Inad- Jesse Jones Industries 499 E MARS HOW WE'RE GOING TO GET THERE AND WHAT WE'RE GOING TO FIND THE LONELINESS OF A LONG-DISTANCE ROBOT STAR QUEST: HUNTING FOR THE BIG BANG AND MISSING MATTER onnrui VOL. 12 NO. 10 EDITOR IN CHIEF & DESIGN DIRECTOR: BOB GUCCIONE PRESIDENT: KATHY KEETON EDITOR: PATRICE ADGROFT GRAPHICS DIRECTOR: FRANK DEVINO MANAGING EDITOR: STEVE FOX ART DIRECTOR: DWAYNE FLINCHUM 6 20 First Word Space By Richard H. Truly By Mitch Berman This NASA Shift, Rover, shift. Like administrator and former all dogs, this astronaut believes one will dig in the dirt our destiny lies among and bring home the stars. But dust— Martian, that is. just what is required to take that next 22 leap back into space? Body By Victoria Y. Rab and 8 Geraldine Youcha Omnibus In the blink of an eye: The The Who's Who disabled and of contributing authors. severely handicapped now have a high-lech way to express themselves. Communications Readers' writes. 24 Artificial Intelligence 14 By Lloyd Chrein Forum B^^5'" ^^| The future of computers Congressmen Bill Nelson i^^^^^^ji ^^ lies in optics, and Bill Green not electronics. What are r^^^ar i .. n - offer opposing arguments ^^ —:— i m. the advantages of over sending a FiT^M light rays over electricity? manned mission to Mars. 25 18 Continuum Stars What goes through the By Devera Pine mind of an Mars died. Why? The red Cover art: Kazuaki Iwasaki has astronaut while floating planet may have produced more than 1.000 paintings of the through space? once been green, with cosmos, including Spaceships Finally, Parisians who water and a Approaching Mars, painted in acrylic. aren't rude; respectable atmosphere. Called the Bonestell of how to freeze your Will the mystery Japan, Iwasaki is a self-taught painter organ and still be solved by the Mars and amateur astronomer. keep it malleable; and Observer satellite? (Courtesy of Space Art International.) Holland's uprising. OMNI (ISSN OM9-S711) is published monthly rr way, New York, NY 10023-5965 Second-class i address changes 10 Omm Maqajxie Posi 0"« °@ by Omni Publications Inter national Ltd. All rig leU.K. byCOMAG. Tavi persons mentioned m [he hciion AF0-S24 one year. Canada am the sole property of Omni Public; nnrui 34 62 66 73 Voyage to a Far Planet Interview Fiction: Mosquito Antimatter By Brenda Forman By Paul Bagne By Richard Calder Are UFO abductees with Reaching Mars could lake Astronomer Sandra Faber A transvestite thief is detectable brain nearly ihree years helped shoot down hired to scour implants really the and $400 billion, so an established theories. Now the decadent and corrupt test subjects international joint she'll be sharing 300 streets of the of humans and not aliens? venture seems inevitable. hours' viewing time on the future city of Bangkok. Will spirits respond Whal can the Hubble telescope. Can Can s/he to the world of high tech? Soviet Union, Japan, and she confirm her theories survive the lustful journey The video is Canada contribule? on the origin and in the dangerous authentic, but are the Forman also delves into substance of Ihe universe? quest for the perfect doll? flying saucers? the potential And magnetic fields that problems facing the space conjure up ghosts. travelers on their extended journey. 98 Games 39 By Scot Morris Fiction: Einstein's Law The perpetual optimism of By Ben Bova inventors may An entrepreneur gets cloud their judgment but swallowed up not their drive by his own greedy scheme. to conquer the impossible. By looking at 42 their attempts, can you Pictorial: tell why their Raiders of the Lost Archives parade was rained on? By Ed Wyckerson The faces of aliens, as 100 portrayed by Video Scans Hollywood, have changed By Bob Lindstrom from inciting This month's column pitches fear to inspiring affection. the best of 50 the baseball programs. Latter-Day Martian 102 Chronicles Star Tech Suppose Mars was already By Tom B. Reiter colonized. What The road to an easy life. kind of experiences would its inhabitants 104 now be going through? Five Last Word science-fiction By Victoria Lacas writers — Isaac Asimov, * He was short and bald ^ v Pat Murphy. f and insisted his .• Bruce Sterling. Gregory , alien friends watch Benford, and ) once he got Joan D. Vinge— share me drunk, but I've had their visions. 'drse dates. " a2 On July 20, 1989, the twentieth ready for mission application. That anniversary of the Apollo lunar landing, underscores how urgent it is to invest President Bush set our country's direc- now in the advanced technology tion back to the moon and on course research we will require. will to develop . to Mars in the twenty-first century. The Clearly, we need a President proposed "a long-range new generation of heavy-lift vehicles to continuing commitment" to a bold new do this job. The current fleet of space course in spacer shuttles and expendable launch vehi- launch efficiently "First, for the coming decade—for cles is inadequate to the 1990's—Space Station Free- the millions of pounds of equipment, dom—our. critical next Step in all our supplies, and fuel required for an space endeavors. And next—for the ambitious project of human exploration. new century—back to the moon, back All preliminary NASA studies indicate to to the future. And this time, back to stay. that a heavy-lift rocket will be needed And then —a journey into tomorrow— deliver that material to space most journey to another planet—a manned efficiently and effectively., mission to Mars. Advanced technologies to provide "What Americans dream—Ameri- the tools for living and working in space will required. An internal NASA cans can do," the President said-. I also be assessment of key iechnologies re- believe that. I believe we humans are destined to become. a multiplane! quired for future human exploration species, with the moon and Mars in places high priority on investments in our future. We at NASA have been research in several key areas. working for years to understand the Examples are propellant transfer and best long-term approach to achieve refueling in space; closed life-sup- that goal. port systems: automated rendezvous NASA is in the forefront of President and docking capabilities;, in-orbit UUDRD Bush's new thrust for the American assembly and construction; and ad- civil space program, known as the vanced chemical and possibly nu- By Richard H. Truly Space Exploration Initiative, orSEI. clear propulsion. But before men and women step off Another pressing need for a program <mThe human race is the earth on this journey in the of expanded human space explo- destined to become a multi- twenty-first century, we have a good bit ration is to augment life sciences re- of work to do in the. twentieth cen- search. We need to increase our under- pianet species, but tury. President Bush called Space Sta- standing of the effects of long-term before we step off the earth tion Freedom "a first and necessary weightlessness on the body's physical for sustained manned explora- and mental processes. It is vital io know on this journey into step tion." Space Station Freedom is more about whether crews can travel the twenty-first century we essential to our future efforts in space. long journeys in zero gravity and arrive first have work to Space Station Freedom will be a at their destination mentally and physical- permanent, large: hands-on laboratory ly capable of performing their mission. do in the twentieth century3 for materials and life sciences research The question of creating artificial gravi- in orbit. Later Space Station Freedom ty in space needs an answer. When also will become a stepping-stone for we go to Mars, it is very possible that the ships that go to the moon and Mars such research will have an impact and a base for the laboratories to on the design of the spacecraft to get analyze what they bring back. On Free- us there. domwe will demonstrate new and Both the moon and Mars require advanced systems and technologies to further study as well. Where are the re- enable men and women to live and sources that we can use to sustain work productively and safely in space human presence? Where are the best and on other worlds. sites for human outposts? What are. We will begin the in-orbit assembly the environmental conditions on Mars? of Space Station Freedom in 1995 These questions will be addressed in a and will begin effective use of it quickly, robotic exploration program that will along with our partners from Europe, pave the way for human missions, at the Canada, and Japan. By the turn of the same lime expanding our scientific century, people from many nations understanding of both planets. Robots will be living and learning aboard Free- will continue to be used during the dom, in orbit 250 miles above the earth. human exploration missions to extend At the same time, we will be developing human presence and assist astronauts the new technologies and searching for in the many challenges they will face. the new knowledge that must be.ac- NASA's vision is to expand the fron- quired to enable humans to reiurn to the tiers of discovery, understanding, hu- moon permanently and to explore Mars. man experience, and technology to The goal of human exploration of the enrich our country's future. By keep- solar system is a goal that cannoi be ing alive that vision, together we can met overnight,, in a year, or even in a and will build a better tomorrow for the decade.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Surrender Software
    Scientific image rendering for space scenes with the SurRender software Scientific image rendering for space scenes with the SurRender software R. Brochard, J. Lebreton*, C. Robin, K. Kanani, G. Jonniaux, A. Masson, N. Despré, A. Berjaoui Airbus Defence and Space, 31 rue des Cosmonautes, 31402 Toulouse Cedex, France [email protected] *Corresponding Author Abstract The autonomy of spacecrafts can advantageously be enhanced by vision-based navigation (VBN) techniques. Applications range from manoeuvers around Solar System objects and landing on planetary surfaces, to in -orbit servicing or space debris removal, and even ground imaging. The development and validation of VBN algorithms for space exploration missions relies on the availability of physically accurate relevant images. Yet archival data from past missions can rarely serve this purpose and acquiring new data is often costly. Airbus has developed the image rendering software SurRender, which addresses the specific challenges of realistic image simulation with high level of representativeness for space scenes. In this paper we introduce the software SurRender and how its unique capabilities have proved successful for a variety of applications. Images are rendered by raytracing, which implements the physical principles of geometrical light propagation. Images are rendered in physical units using a macroscopic instrument model and scene objects reflectance functions. It is specially optimized for space scenes, with huge distances between objects and scenes up to Solar System size. Raytracing conveniently tackles some important effects for VBN algorithms: image quality, eclipses, secondary illumination, subpixel limb imaging, etc. From a user standpoint, a simulation is easily setup using the available interfaces (MATLAB/Simulink, Python, and more) by specifying the position of the bodies (Sun, planets, satellites, …) over time, complex 3D shapes and material surface properties, before positioning the camera.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Resumes
    REPORT RESUMES ED 019 218 88 SE 004 494 A RESOURCE BOOK OF AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES, K-6. LINCOLN PUBLIC SCHOOLS, NEBR. PUB DATE 67 EDRS PRICEMF.41.00 HC-S10.48 260P. DESCRIPTORS- *ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE, *PHYSICAL SCIENCES, *TEACHING GUIDES, *SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE, *SCIENCE ACTIVITIES, ASTRONOMY, BIOGRAPHIES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FILMS, FILMSTRIPS, FIELD TRIPS, SCIENCE HISTORY, VOCABULARY, THIS RESOURCE BOOK OF ACTIVITIES WAS WRITTEN FOR TEACHERS OF GRADES K-6, TO HELP THEM INTEGRATE AEROSPACE SCIENCE WITH THE REGULAR LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF THE CLASSROOM. SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE FOR INTRODUCING AEROSPACE CONCEPTS INTO THE VARIOUS SUBJECT FIELDS SUCH AS LANGUAGE ARTS, MATHEMATICS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SOCIAL STUDIES, AND OTHERS. SUBJECT CATEGORIES ARE (1) DEVELOPMENT OF FLIGHT, (2) PIONEERS OF THE AIR (BIOGRAPHY),(3) ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES,(4) MANNED SPACE FLIGHT,(5) THE VASTNESS OF SPACE, AND (6) FUTURE SPACE VENTURES. SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE THROUGHOUT FOR USING THE MATERIAL AND THEMES FOR DEVELOPING INTEREST IN THE REGULAR LEARNING EXPERIENCES BY INVOLVING STUDENTS IN AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES. INCLUDED ARE LISTS OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION SUCH AS (1) BOOKS,(2) PAMPHLETS, (3) FILMS,(4) FILMSTRIPS,(5) MAGAZINE ARTICLES,(6) CHARTS, AND (7) MODELS. GRADE LEVEL APPROPRIATENESS OF THESE MATERIALSIS INDICATED. (DH) 4:14.1,-) 1783 1490 ,r- 6e tt*.___.Vhf 1842 1869 LINCOLN PUBLICSCHOOLS A RESOURCEBOOK OF AEROSPACEACTIVITIES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION K-6) THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. 1919 O O Vj A PROJECT FUNDED UNDER TITLE HIELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT A RESOURCE BOOK OF AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES (K-6) The work presentedor reported herein was performed pursuant to a Grant from the U.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Practical Rendezvous Scenario For
    PRACTICAL RENDEZVOUS SCENARIO FOR TRANSPORTATION MISSIONS TO CIS-LUNAR STATION IN EARTH–MOON L2 HALO ORBIT Naomi Murakami(1), Satoshi Ueda(1), Toshinori Ikenaga(1), Maki Maeda(1), Toru Yamamoto(1), and Hitoshi Ikeda(1) (1)Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan (1)+81-50-3362-3725, [email protected] Abstract: Plans to establish a new international space station in the vicinity of the Moon have drawn attention as a potential gateway for future missions. Assuming that such a station will be constructed, various rendezvous missions will be performed, including logistics flight and crew transportation missions. In the low Earth orbit (LEO), many logistics flight missions have been performed, such as the H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) and the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) missions for the International Space Station (ISS), and rendezvous operation technology has been well established. However, in cis-lunar orbits, the dynamics of relative motion are different from those in LEOs, and the GPS- based navigation scheme, which is the key navigation method in LEO rendezvous missions, cannot be applied. Hence, a different type of rendezvous scheme is necessary for application to rendezvous missions in cis-lunar orbits. In this study, we suggest a practical rendezvous scenario for logistics flight missions to the future cis-lunar space station in the Earth–Moon L2 halo orbit and clarify the problems and requirements regarding guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) for cis-lunar rendezvous. Keywords: Rendezvous, Cis-lunar station, Earth–Moon L2 halo, GN&C. 1. Introduction The updated Global Exploration Roadmap delivered by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) outlines strategies for human and robotic exploration to the Moon, asteroids, and Mars [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp
    Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp AIAA Space Mission System 2019-2020 Virginia Tech Aerospace Engineering Faculty Advisor : Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Team Members : Olivia Arthur, Bobby Aselford, Michel Becker, Patrick Crandall, Heidi Engebreth, Maedini Jayaprakash, Logan Lark, Nico Ortiz, Matthew Pieczynski, Brendan Ventura Member AIAA Number Member AIAA Number And Signature And Signature Faculty Advisor 25807 Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Brendan Ventura 1109196 Matthew Pieczynski 936900 Team Lead/Operations Logan Lark 902106 Heidi Engebreth 1109232 Structures & Environment Patrick Crandall 1109193 Olivia Arthur 999589 Power & Thermal Maedini Jayaprakash 1085663 Robert Aselford 1109195 CCDH/Operations Michel Becker 1109194 Nico Ortiz 1109533 Attitude, Trajectory, Orbits and Launch Vehicles Contents 1 Symbols and Acronyms 8 2 Executive Summary 9 3 Preface and Introduction 13 3.1 Project Management . 13 3.2 Problem Definition . 14 3.2.1 Background and Motivation . 14 3.2.2 RFP and Description . 14 3.2.3 Project Scope . 15 3.2.4 Disciplines . 15 3.2.5 Societal Sectors . 15 3.2.6 Assumptions . 16 3.2.7 Relevant Capital and Resources . 16 4 Value System Design 17 4.1 Introduction . 17 4.2 Analytical Hierarchical Process . 17 4.2.1 Longevity . 18 4.2.2 Expandability . 19 4.2.3 Scientific Return . 19 4.2.4 Risk . 20 4.2.5 Cost . 21 5 Initial Concept of Operations 21 5.1 Orbital Analysis . 22 5.2 Launch Vehicles . 22 6 Habitat Location 25 6.1 Introduction . 25 6.2 Region Selection . 25 6.3 Locations of Interest . 26 6.4 Eliminated Locations . 26 6.5 Remaining Locations . 27 6.6 Chosen Location .
    [Show full text]
  • Master List of Games This Is a List of Every Game on a Fully Loaded SKG Retro Box, and Which System(S) They Appear On
    Master List of Games This is a list of every game on a fully loaded SKG Retro Box, and which system(s) they appear on. Keep in mind that the same game on different systems may be vastly different in graphics and game play. In rare cases, such as Aladdin for the Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo, it may be a completely different game. System Abbreviations: • GB = Game Boy • GBC = Game Boy Color • GBA = Game Boy Advance • GG = Sega Game Gear • N64 = Nintendo 64 • NES = Nintendo Entertainment System • SMS = Sega Master System • SNES = Super Nintendo • TG16 = TurboGrafx16 1. '88 Games ( Arcade) 2. 007: Everything or Nothing (GBA) 3. 007: NightFire (GBA) 4. 007: The World Is Not Enough (N64, GBC) 5. 10 Pin Bowling (GBC) 6. 10-Yard Fight (NES) 7. 102 Dalmatians - Puppies to the Rescue (GBC) 8. 1080° Snowboarding (N64) 9. 1941: Counter Attack ( Arcade, TG16) 10. 1942 (NES, Arcade, GBC) 11. 1943: Kai (TG16) 12. 1943: The Battle of Midway (NES, Arcade) 13. 1944: The Loop Master ( Arcade) 14. 1999: Hore, Mitakotoka! Seikimatsu (NES) 15. 19XX: The War Against Destiny ( Arcade) 16. 2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge ( Arcade) 17. 2010: The Graphic Action Game (Colecovision) 18. 2020 Super Baseball ( Arcade, SNES) 19. 21-Emon (TG16) 20. 3 Choume no Tama: Tama and Friends: 3 Choume Obake Panic!! (GB) 21. 3 Count Bout ( Arcade) 22. 3 Ninjas Kick Back (SNES, Genesis, Sega CD) 23. 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe (Atari 2600) 24. 3-D Ultra Pinball: Thrillride (GBC) 25. 3-D WorldRunner (NES) 26. 3D Asteroids (Atari 7800) 27.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Station Protection: Lunar Regolith Shielding
    Lunar Station Protection: Lunar Regolith Shielding By Nancy J. Lindsey, LMTO Suite 200, 7474 Greenway Center Drive, Greenbelt, MD 20770 International Lunar Conference 2003 Session 5: Science Of, From and On the Moon: Life Sciences and Habitation Hawaii Island, Hawaii ABSTRACT The Moon’s environment consists of a combination of atmospheric, thermal, meteoroids, radiation, magnetic field, and gravitational field mechanisms. However, shielding can only be used to protect a lunar station and its inhabitants from the effects of the thermal, radiation, and meteoroid mechanisms. This paper provides an evaluation the effectiveness of the in-situ resource, lunar regolith, to mitigate the effects of the lunar environment on lunar station and its inhabitants when used as a shield. It includes a lunar environmental human life threat assessment, calculates regolith required for crew protection, and provides a regolith usage viability summary showing how lunar regolith should be viewed as a viable and effective in-situ life support system resource today, due to its shielding properties, and in the future, due to its O2 generating and heat storage potential as well as its shielding properties. BACKGROUND Lunar Environmental Details The Moon’s environment consists of a combination of atmospheric, thermal, meteoroids, radiation, magnetic field, and gravitational field mechanisms. However, lunar regolith can only be used to shield a lunar station and its inhabitants from the effects of the thermal, radiation, and meteoroid mechanisms. Therefore only the magnitude of each of these environmental mechanisms on the Moon is detailed in the following sections, thereby establishing a reference environment for human risk and regolith protection effectiveness determination.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendrical Calculations: the Millennium Edition Edward M
    Errata and Notes for Calendrical Calculations: The Millennium Edition Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz Cambridge University Press, 2001 4:45pm, December 7, 2006 Do I contradict myself ? Very well then I contradict myself. (I am large, I contain multitudes.) —Walt Whitman: Song of Myself All those complaints that they mutter about. are on account of many places I have corrected. The Creator knows that in most cases I was misled by following. others whom I will spare the embarrassment of mention. But even were I at fault, I do not claim that I reached my ultimate perfection from the outset, nor that I never erred. Just the opposite, I always retract anything the contrary of which becomes clear to me, whether in my writings or my nature. —Maimonides: Letter to his student Joseph ben Yehuda (circa 1190), Iggerot HaRambam, I. Shilat, Maaliyot, Maaleh Adumim, 1987, volume 1, page 295 [in Judeo-Arabic] If you find errors not given below or can suggest improvements to the book, please send us the details (email to [email protected] or hard copy to Edward M. Reingold, Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 West 31st Street, Suite 236, Chicago, IL 60616-3729 U.S.A.). If you have occasion to refer to errors below in corresponding with the authors, please refer to the item by page and line numbers in the book, not by item number. Unless otherwise indicated, line counts used in describing the errata are positive counting down from the first line of text on the page, excluding the header, and negative counting up from the last line of text on the page including footnote lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Master List of Games This Is a List of Every Game on a Fully Loaded SKG Retro Box, and Which System(S) They Appear On
    Master List of Games This is a list of every game on a fully loaded SKG Retro Box, and which system(s) they appear on. Keep in mind that the same game on different systems may be vastly different in graphics and game play. In rare cases, such as Aladdin for the Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo, it may be a completely different game. System Abbreviations: • GB = Game Boy • GBC = Game Boy Color • GBA = Game Boy Advance • GG = Sega Game Gear • N64 = Nintendo 64 • NES = Nintendo Entertainment System • SMS = Sega Master System • SNES = Super Nintendo • TG16 = TurboGrafx16 1. '88 Games (Arcade) 2. 007: Everything or Nothing (GBA) 3. 007: NightFire (GBA) 4. 007: The World Is Not Enough (N64, GBC) 5. 10 Pin Bowling (GBC) 6. 10-Yard Fight (NES) 7. 102 Dalmatians - Puppies to the Rescue (GBC) 8. 1080° Snowboarding (N64) 9. 1941: Counter Attack (TG16, Arcade) 10. 1942 (NES, Arcade, GBC) 11. 1942 (Revision B) (Arcade) 12. 1943 Kai: Midway Kaisen (Japan) (Arcade) 13. 1943: Kai (TG16) 14. 1943: The Battle of Midway (NES, Arcade) 15. 1944: The Loop Master (Arcade) 16. 1999: Hore, Mitakotoka! Seikimatsu (NES) 17. 19XX: The War Against Destiny (Arcade) 18. 2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge (Arcade) 19. 2010: The Graphic Action Game (Colecovision) 20. 2020 Super Baseball (SNES, Arcade) 21. 21-Emon (TG16) 22. 3 Choume no Tama: Tama and Friends: 3 Choume Obake Panic!! (GB) 23. 3 Count Bout (Arcade) 24. 3 Ninjas Kick Back (SNES, Genesis, Sega CD) 25. 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe (Atari 2600) 26. 3-D Ultra Pinball: Thrillride (GBC) 27.
    [Show full text]
  • CALENDRICAL CALCULATIONS the Ultimate Edition an Invaluable
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05762-3 — Calendrical Calculations 4th Edition Frontmatter More Information CALENDRICAL CALCULATIONS The Ultimate Edition An invaluable resource for working programmers, as well as a fount of useful algorithmic tools for computer scientists, astronomers, and other calendar enthu- siasts, the Ultimate Edition updates and expands the previous edition to achieve more accurate results and present new calendar variants. The book now includes algorithmic descriptions of nearly forty calendars: the Gregorian, ISO, Icelandic, Egyptian, Armenian, Julian, Coptic, Ethiopic, Akan, Islamic (arithmetic and astro- nomical forms), Saudi Arabian, Persian (arithmetic and astronomical), Bahá’í (arithmetic and astronomical), French Revolutionary (arithmetic and astronomical), Babylonian, Hebrew (arithmetic and astronomical), Samaritan, Mayan (long count, haab, and tzolkin), Aztec (xihuitl and tonalpohualli), Balinese Pawukon, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Hindu (old arithmetic and medieval astronomical, both solar and lunisolar), and Tibetan Phug-lugs. It also includes information on major holidays and on different methods of keeping time. The necessary astronom- ical functions have been rewritten to produce more accurate results and to include calculations of moonrise and moonset. The authors frame the calendars of the world in a completely algorithmic form, allowing easy conversion among these calendars and the determination of secular and religious holidays. Lisp code for all the algorithms is available in machine- readable form. Edward M. Reingold is Professor of Computer Science at the Illinois Institute of Technology. Nachum Dershowitz is Professor of Computational Logic and Chair of Computer Science at Tel Aviv University. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05762-3 — Calendrical Calculations 4th Edition Frontmatter More Information About the Authors Edward M.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Apollo: Americans to the Moon 440 Document II-1 Document Title
    440 Project Apollo: Americans to the Moon Document II-1 Document Title: NASA, “ Minutes of Meeting of Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight,” 25–26 May 1959. Source: Folder 18675, NASA Historical Reference Collection, History Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC. Within less than a year after its creation, NASA began looking at follow-on programs to Project Mercury, the initial human spacefl ight effort. A Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight was created in spring 1959; it consisted of top-level representatives of all of the NASA fi eld centers and NASA Headquarters. Harry J. Goett from Ames, but soon to be head of the newly created Goddard Space Flight Center, was named chair of the committee. The fi rst meeting of the committee took place on 25 and 26 May 1959, in Washington. Those in attendance provided an overview of research and thinking related to human spacefl ight at various NASA centers, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the High Speed Flight Station (HSFS) at Edwards Air Force Base. George Low, then in charge of human spacefl ight at NASA Headquarters, argued for making a lunar landing NASA’s long-term goal. He was backed up by engineer and designer Maxime Faget of the Space Task Group of the Langley Research Center and Bruce Lundin of the Lewis Research Center. After further discussion at its June meeting, the Committee agreed on the lunar landing objective, and by the end of the year a lunar landing was incorporated into NASA’s 10-year plan as the long-range objective of the agency’s human spacefl ight program.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Trip to the Moon INFORMAL EDUCATOR’S GUIDE TABLE of CONTENTS
    LRO/LCROSS Edition Informal Educator’s Guide Educational Product Educators Grades 3–8 EG-2008-09-48-MSFC Field Trip to the Moon INFORMAL EDUCATOR’S GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 PROGRAM OVERVIEW 4 Program Overview 5 National Science Education Standards Correlation 6 FIELD TRIP TO THE MOON DVD 7 DVD Overview 8 LRO/LCROSS ACTIVITIES 9 Activities Overview 10 Background: About the LRO/LCROSS Mission 11 Lava Layers 13 Build the Orbiter 15 The Moon Tune 18 Impact Craters 23 Moon Landforms 36 LUNAR BASE ACTIVITIES 37 Activities Overview 38 Procedure 41 Materials List 43 Questions to Help Guide Investigations 46 Ecosystem Investigation 51 Geology Investigation 63 Habitat Investigation 66 Engineering Investigation 72 Navigation Investigation 87 Medical Investigation 102 Name Tags PROGRAM OVERVIEW Field Trip to the Moon PROGRAM OVERVIEW What is Field Trip to the Moon? Field Trip to the Moon uses an inquiry-based learning approach that fosters team building and introduces participants to careers in science and engineering. The program components include the Field Trip to the Moon DVD, LRO/LCROSS Activities, and Lunar Base Activities. Together these materials can be used to create your own workshop that introduces important concepts about the Earth and the Moon, and motivates participants to use their cooperative learning skills. Working as a full group or in teams, the participants can develop critical thinking skills, problem-solving techniques, and an understanding of complex systems as they discuss solutions to the essential questions in this program. FIELD TRIP TO THE MOON DVD The DVD presents a wide range of media to use in your workshop: an introduction; the Field Trip to the Moon feature presentation; LRO/LCROSS animations and interviews; and additional media including a visualization about the formation of the Moon, and Moon trivia questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Station, V1.2
    IAC-14,D3,1,4,x22217 Lunar Station, V1.2 Lunar Station: The Next Logical Step In Space Development By Mr. Robert Bruce Pittman* Ms. Lynn Harper** Mr. Mark NewfielD** anD Dr. Daniel J. Rasky** * - Space Portal, LockheeD; ** - Space Portal, NASA Ames September, 2014 The International Space Station (ISS) is putting tHe equivalent capability of tHe the proDuct of tHe efforts of sixteen na- ISS Down on the surface of the Moon, or tions over the course of several DecaDes. by developing the requireD capabilities It is now complete, operational, anD Has througH a combination of DelivereD mate- been continuously occupieD since No- rials anD equipment anD in situ resource vember of 20001. Since tHen tHe ISS Has utilization (ISRU). Scenarios that leverage been carrying out a wiDe variety of re- existing tecHnologies anD capabilities as search and technology development ex- well as capabilities tHat are unDer Devel- periments, anD starting to produce some opment and are expected to be available pleasantly startling results2. The ISS Has a witHin tHe next 3-5 years, will be exam- mass of 420 metric tons, supports a crew ineD. This paper will explore how best of six witH a yearly resupply requirement practices anD expertise gained from De- of arounD 30 metric tons, witHin a pres- veloping anD operating the ISS anD otHer surizeD volume of 916 cubic meters, anD a relevant programs can be applieD to effec- habitable volume of 388 cubic meters. Its tively developing Lunar Station. solar arrays proDuce up to 84 kilowatts of power. In the course of Developing the Why Lunar Station? – A Lunar Station ISS, many lessons were learneD anD mucH can proviDe many benefits to NASA and valuable expertise was gained.
    [Show full text]