New and Rare Plants from the Flora of Moldavia (Romania)
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NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. XLIII , No. 1 (141) / 2010 NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA (ROMANIA) C. SÎRBU1*, A. OPREA2 1University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iaşi 2Botanic Garden Iaşi Received October 15, 2009 ABSTRACT - In this scientific paper, some The other species may be considered vascular plants (Aster lanceolatus Willd., naturalized (most of them), being able to Aster novi-belgii L., Fraxinus form populations without human help. pennsylvanica Marshall, Picris echioides L. Except Festuca tenuifolia Sibth., which and Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.) were shown grew in natural grasslands, all the other as new species from the spontaneous flora identified species were integrated in of Moldavia. We have also analysed new anthropic habitats. Aster lanceolatus data on some rare vascular species found in Willd., Rudbeckia triloba L., Rudbeckia hirta the flora of this region (Coreopsis tinctoria L., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and Rhus Nutt., Ulmus pumila L., Rudbeckia triloba typhina L. also penetrated into semi-natural L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Lupinus polyphyllus habitats: forest edges, river banks and river Lindl., Oenothera glazioviana Micheli and meadows. As concerns Festuca tenuifolia Rhus typhina L.). One of these species is Sibth., a very rare species in the flora of native (Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.), while the Romania, included in the Romanian Red others are alien plants. Among the alien List of Vascular Plants, its presence in species, Picris echioides L. is xenophyte Moldavia, to the South-Eastern limit of its (accidentally introduced) and the others are natural area, is very interesting and hemerophytes (intentionally introduced for encouraging. different uses and, subsequently, escaped in the wild). Given the number of localities in Key words: alien plants, vascular flora of which these species were found, we may Romania consider that the following alien plants had an invasive tendency in Moldavia: Fraxinus REZUMAT - Plante noi sau rare în flora pennsylvanica Marshall, Ulmus pumila L., Moldovei (România). În lucrare sunt Oenothera glazioviana Micheli, Rhus prezentate câteva plante vasculare (Aster typhina L. and Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. lanceolatus Willd., Aster novi-belgii L., * E-mail: [email protected] 31 C. SÎRBU AND A. OPREA Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Picris INTRODUCTION echioides L. şi Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.), ca specii noi în flora spontană a Moldovei. De In the last decades, there is a asemenea, sunt analizate date noi cu privire la alte câteva specii vasculare în flora continuous enrichment of flora with acestei provincii (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., new elements, which are generally Ulmus pumila L., Rudbeckia triloba L., alien species, due to a better coverage Rudbeckia hirta L., Lupinus polyphyllus of the Romanian territory with Lindl., Oenothera glazioviana Micheli, floristic studies and especially, Rhus typhina L.). Una dintre aceste specii because of the intensification of este indigenă (Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.), iar celelalte sunt adventive. Printre speciile human pressure on habitat and the adventive, Picris echioides L. este xenofită increase of the internal and (introdusă accidental), iar celelalte sunt international movement of people and hemerofite (introduse intenţionat, pentru goods. Therefore, new alien species diferite utilizări şi ulterior evadate din have been reported in recent years, cultură). Având în vedere numărul de both in Moldavia (Sîrbu, 2006; Sîrbu localităţi în care au fost identificate, putem & Oprea, 2008a, etc.) and in other considera că dintre speciile adventive menţionate în lucrare, următoarele historical provinces of Romania manifestă în prezent o tendinţă de invazie în (Anastasiu & Negrean, 2007; Moldova: Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Ciocârlan & Sike, 2006; Sîrbu & Ulmus pumila L., Oenothera glazioviana Oprea, 2008b, etc.). Micheli, Rhus typhina L. şi Lupinus This scientific paper shows polyphyllus Lindl. Celelalte specii pot fi information on occurrence, ways of considerate naturalizate (în cea mai mare introduction and ecology of some new parte), fiind capabile să formeze populaţii fără ajutorul omului. Cu excepţia speciei or rare plant species in the flora of Festuca tenuifolia Sibth., care creşte în Moldavia (e.g. Aster lanceolatus, Aster pajişti naturale, toate celelalte specii novi-belgii, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, identificate sunt integrate în habitate Picris echioides, Festuca tenuifolia, antropice. Aster lanceolatus Willd., etc.). Rudbeckia triloba L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. şi Rhus typhina L. pătrund şi în habitate seminaturale: MATERIALS AND METHODS margini de păduri, malurile râurilor, pajişti de luncă. Cu privire la Festuca tenuifolia The floristic and chorological data Sibth., o specie foarte rară în flora are based on our recent field României, inclusă în Lista Roşie a plantelor investigations, conducted in different vasculare din România, prezenţa sa în localities of Moldavia. For each species Moldova, spre limita sud-estică a arealului identified by us, we show information natural, este foarte interesantă şi concerning its previously reported îmbucurătoare. occurrence in Romania, in Moldavia and their current distribution in the Cuvinte cheie: flora vasculară a investigated area. României, plante adventive Herbarium specimens have been deposited in the general herbarium of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi. The species 32 NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA nomenclature is done according to Flora fertile seeds (most of them) or show a Europaea (Tutin & al., 1964–1980 and great capacity for the vegetative Oprea, 2005). Terminology and propagation (e.g. Aster lanceolatus, A. definitions, recommended by Richardson novi-belgii), being able to form stable & al. (2000) and Pyšek & al. (2004), were populations, without human help. used for establishing the status of alien plants. Except Festuca tenuifolia, which grows in natural grasslands, all the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION other identified species are integrated into human habitats. Aster During our field surveys in the lanceolatus, Rudbeckia triloba, recent years, we have identified five Rudbeckia hirta, Lupinus polyphyllus new species of vascular plants for the and Rhus typhina also penetrate into flora of Moldavia and other seven less the semi-natural habitats: forest edges, known species in the spontaneous riverbanks and river meadows (Table flora of this territory (Table 1). 1). One of these species is native (Festuca tenuifolia) and 11 are alien a) New Species in the Flora of species (most of them originating Moldavia from North America, one originating Aster lanceolatus Willd. from South and Central Europe and (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum one from Central and East Asia). (Willd.) G.L. Nesom) Among the alien species, one is This species originating from xenophyte, being introduced North America (Britton & Brown, accidentally (Picris echioides), while 1970) was introduced in Europe as the others were intentionally ornamental plant, in the early XIX-th introduced by humans, for different Century (Wittemberg (ed), 2005). It is uses (mainly as ornamental plants) now naturalized almost throughout the and, subsequently, escaped from continent (Yeo, 1976). It is recorded cultivation in the wild (hemerophyte as an invasive species in Austria (Essl species). & Rabitsch (eds), 2002) and as a Given the number of localities in potentially invasive species in France which these species were identified in and Portugal (Wittemberg (ed), 2005). Moldavia, the following species show The invaded habitats are wet an invasive tendency: Fraxinus meadows, riverbanks, openings and pennsylvanica (eight localities), edges of floodplain forests, damp Ulmus pumila (eight localities), thickets and fields and roadside Oenothera glazioviana (seven ditches. In addition, it grows in mesic localities), Rhus typhina (six to humid neglected fields and poorly localities) and Lupinus polyphyllus managed pastures (Wittemberg (ed), (five localities). The other species 2005). may be naturalized, because they form 33 C. SÎRBU AND A. OPREA 34 NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA In Romania, this species was successfully multiplies in a vegetative known only in Transylvania way by stolons. (Drăgulescu, 2003; Leocov & Ţopa, Aster novi-belgii L. 1986; Morariu & Nyárády, 1964; (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Oprea, 2005; Soó, 1940, quoted by G.L.Nesom) Kovács, 2006), Banat (Morariu et al., This species originating from the 1969) and Maramureş (Oprea & Eastern coast of North America Sîrbu, 2006). (Britton & Brown, 1970) was widely This plant is easily escaped from introduced and naturalised in Europe gardens (Morariu & Nyárády, 1964), (Yeo, 1976). The plant was probably invading the river meadows, where it introduced in the XIX-th Century in can form monodominant the UK as an ornamental plant, but the communities, like in Eastern earliest possible date of its Transylvania, for example (Kovács, introduction could be around 1710 2006). In Sibiu County, it is (Wittemberg (ed), 2005). increasingly met in the hilly regions In Austria, this invasive plant (400-450 m altitudine) (Drăgulescu, threatens natural habitats and vegetal 2003). In addition, along the Tisa communities (Essl & Rabitsch (eds), River, A. lanceolatus is one of the 2002). most frequent alien species (Oprea & In Romania, A. novi-belgii is Sîrbu, 2006). cultivated as an ornamental plant, In Moldavia, we