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NEW AND RARE FROM THE OF MOLDAVIA

Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. XLIII , No. 1 (141) / 2010

NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA ()

C. SÎRBU1*, A. OPREA2

1University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iaşi 2Botanic Garden Iaşi

Received October 15, 2009

ABSTRACT - In this scientific paper, some The other may be considered vascular plants ( lanceolatus Willd., naturalized (most of them), being able to Aster novi-belgii L., form populations without human help. pennsylvanica Marshall, echioides L. Except tenuifolia Sibth., which and Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.) were shown grew in natural grasslands, all the other as new species from the spontaneous flora identified species were integrated in of Moldavia. We have also analysed new anthropic . Aster lanceolatus data on some rare vascular species found in Willd., triloba L., the flora of this region ( tinctoria L., polyphyllus Lindl. and Rhus Nutt., Ulmus pumila L., typhina L. also penetrated into semi-natural L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Lupinus polyphyllus habitats: forest edges, river banks and river Lindl., glazioviana Micheli and meadows. As concerns Festuca tenuifolia Rhus typhina L.). One of these species is Sibth., a very rare species in the flora of native (Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.), while the Romania, included in the Romanian Red others are alien plants. Among the alien List of Vascular Plants, its presence in species, Picris echioides L. is xenophyte Moldavia, to the South-Eastern limit of its (accidentally introduced) and the others are natural area, is very interesting and hemerophytes (intentionally introduced for encouraging. different uses and, subsequently, escaped in the wild). Given the number of localities in Key words: alien plants, vascular flora of which these species were found, we may Romania consider that the following alien plants had an invasive tendency in Moldavia: Fraxinus REZUMAT - Plante noi sau rare în flora pennsylvanica Marshall, Ulmus pumila L., Moldovei (România). În lucrare sunt Micheli, Rhus prezentate câteva plante vasculare (Aster typhina L. and Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. lanceolatus Willd., Aster novi-belgii L.,

* E-mail: [email protected]

31 C. SÎRBU AND A. OPREA

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Picris INTRODUCTION echioides L. şi Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.), ca specii noi în flora spontană a Moldovei. De In the last decades, there is a asemenea, sunt analizate date noi cu privire la alte câteva specii vasculare în flora continuous enrichment of flora with acestei provincii (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., new elements, which are generally Ulmus pumila L., Rudbeckia triloba L., alien species, due to a better coverage Rudbeckia hirta L., Lupinus polyphyllus of the Romanian territory with Lindl., Oenothera glazioviana Micheli, floristic studies and especially, Rhus typhina L.). Una dintre aceste specii because of the intensification of este indigenă (Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.), iar celelalte sunt adventive. Printre speciile human pressure on and the adventive, Picris echioides L. este xenofită increase of the internal and (introdusă accidental), iar celelalte sunt international movement of people and hemerofite (introduse intenţionat, pentru goods. Therefore, new alien species diferite utilizări şi ulterior evadate din have been reported in recent years, cultură). Având în vedere numărul de both in Moldavia (Sîrbu, 2006; Sîrbu localităţi în care au fost identificate, putem & Oprea, 2008a, etc.) and in other considera că dintre speciile adventive menţionate în lucrare, următoarele historical provinces of Romania manifestă în prezent o tendinţă de invazie în (Anastasiu & Negrean, 2007; Moldova: Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Ciocârlan & Sike, 2006; Sîrbu & Ulmus pumila L., Oenothera glazioviana Oprea, 2008b, etc.). Micheli, Rhus typhina L. şi Lupinus This scientific paper shows polyphyllus Lindl. Celelalte specii pot fi information on occurrence, ways of considerate naturalizate (în cea mai mare introduction and ecology of some new parte), fiind capabile să formeze populaţii fără ajutorul omului. Cu excepţia speciei or rare species in the flora of Festuca tenuifolia Sibth., care creşte în Moldavia (e.g. Aster lanceolatus, Aster pajişti naturale, toate celelalte specii novi-belgii, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, identificate sunt integrate în habitate Picris echioides, Festuca tenuifolia, antropice. Aster lanceolatus Willd., etc.). Rudbeckia triloba L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. şi Rhus typhina L. pătrund şi în habitate seminaturale: MATERIALS AND METHODS margini de păduri, malurile râurilor, pajişti de luncă. Cu privire la Festuca tenuifolia The floristic and chorological data Sibth., o specie foarte rară în flora are based on our recent field României, inclusă în Lista Roşie a plantelor investigations, conducted in different vasculare din România, prezenţa sa în localities of Moldavia. For each species Moldova, spre limita sud-estică a arealului identified by us, we show information natural, este foarte interesantă şi concerning its previously reported îmbucurătoare. occurrence in Romania, in Moldavia and their current distribution in the Cuvinte cheie: flora vasculară a investigated area. României, plante adventive Herbarium specimens have been deposited in the general herbarium of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi. The species

32 NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA nomenclature is done according to Flora fertile (most of them) or show a Europaea (Tutin & al., 1964–1980 and great capacity for the vegetative Oprea, 2005). Terminology and propagation (e.g. Aster lanceolatus, A. definitions, recommended by Richardson novi-belgii), being able to form stable & al. (2000) and Pyšek & al. (2004), were populations, without human help. used for establishing the status of alien plants. Except Festuca tenuifolia, which grows in natural grasslands, all the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION other identified species are integrated into human habitats. Aster During our field surveys in the lanceolatus, Rudbeckia triloba, recent years, we have identified five Rudbeckia hirta, Lupinus polyphyllus new species of vascular plants for the and Rhus typhina also penetrate into flora of Moldavia and other seven less the semi-natural habitats: forest edges, known species in the spontaneous riverbanks and river meadows (Table flora of this territory (Table 1). 1). One of these species is native (Festuca tenuifolia) and 11 are alien a) New Species in the Flora of species (most of them originating Moldavia from , one originating Aster lanceolatus Willd. from South and Central and (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum one from Central and East ). (Willd.) G.L. Nesom) Among the alien species, one is This species originating from xenophyte, being introduced North America (Britton & Brown, accidentally (Picris echioides), while 1970) was introduced in Europe as the others were intentionally , in the early XIX-th introduced by humans, for different Century (Wittemberg (ed), 2005). It is uses (mainly as ornamental plants) now naturalized almost throughout the and, subsequently, escaped from continent (Yeo, 1976). It is recorded cultivation in the wild (hemerophyte as an invasive species in Austria (Essl species). & Rabitsch (eds), 2002) and as a Given the number of localities in potentially invasive species in France which these species were identified in and Portugal (Wittemberg (ed), 2005). Moldavia, the following species show The invaded habitats are wet an invasive tendency: Fraxinus meadows, riverbanks, openings and pennsylvanica (eight localities), edges of floodplain forests, damp Ulmus pumila (eight localities), thickets and fields and roadside Oenothera glazioviana (seven ditches. In addition, it grows in mesic localities), Rhus typhina (six to humid neglected fields and poorly localities) and Lupinus polyphyllus managed pastures (Wittemberg (ed), (five localities). The other species 2005). may be naturalized, because they form

33 C. SÎRBU AND A. OPREA

34 NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA

In Romania, this species was successfully multiplies in a vegetative known only in Transylvania way by stolons. (Drăgulescu, 2003; Leocov & Ţopa, Aster novi-belgii L. 1986; Morariu & Nyárády, 1964; (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Oprea, 2005; Soó, 1940, quoted by G.L.Nesom) Kovács, 2006), Banat (Morariu et al., This species originating from the 1969) and Maramureş (Oprea & Eastern coast of North America Sîrbu, 2006). (Britton & Brown, 1970) was widely This plant is easily escaped from introduced and naturalised in Europe gardens (Morariu & Nyárády, 1964), (Yeo, 1976). The plant was probably invading the river meadows, where it introduced in the XIX-th Century in can form monodominant the UK as an ornamental plant, but the communities, like in Eastern earliest possible date of its Transylvania, for example (Kovács, introduction could be around 1710 2006). In Sibiu County, it is (Wittemberg (ed), 2005). increasingly met in the hilly regions In Austria, this invasive plant (400-450 m altitudine) (Drăgulescu, threatens natural habitats and vegetal 2003). In addition, along the Tisa communities (Essl & Rabitsch (eds), River, A. lanceolatus is one of the 2002). most frequent alien species (Oprea & In Romania, A. novi-belgii is Sîrbu, 2006). cultivated as an ornamental plant, In Moldavia, we have first with late flowering and sometimes, it identified a small population of A. is sub-spontaneous, especially in lanceolatus naturalized in Valea Transylvania (Drăgulescu, 2003; Lupului (Iaşi County) near the Morariu & Nyárády, 1964; Oprea, railway, on a relatively wet ground 2005; Schneider-Binder, 1979; Schur, (leg. Sîrbu, 5 September 2008). Later, 1866) and Maramureş (Karácsonyi, we have found this species at Borniş 1995; Morariu & Nyárády, 1964; (Neamţ County) (leg. Sîrbu & Operas, Resmeriţă et al., 1971). It is also 21 September 2008). In the second known as sub-spontaneous species in locality, the plant forms large, the Dubova Depression (Mehedinţi monodominant, mesophyllous County) (Dihoru et al., 1970) and communities, with other species, like along the Ialomiţa river meadow caesius, Lapsana communis, (Prahova County) (Negrean, 1972). helenium, We have identified this plant on cannabinum, Angelica sylvestris, the neglected and relatively wet fields ulmaria, along the Bahlui River meadows, in stolonifera, eupatoria, Iaşi, close to the Nicolina Hospital Clinopodium vulgare, (leg. Sîrbu, 6 September 2008) and vulgaris, erucifolius, etc. In along the C.A. Rosetti Street (leg. such places, A. lanceolatus Sîrbu & Oprea, 26 September 2009). There, it forms relatively small but vigorous populations, with an obvious

35 C. SÎRBU AND A. OPREA tendency of vegetative spread, Oprea, 26 September 2009) (Iaşi through stolons. County), Vaslui, Munteni de Jos, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Bârlad (leg. Sîrbu & Oprea, 2 August Marshall (F. pubescens Lam.) 2009) and Sălcioara (leg. Oprea, 15 It is a native species from August 2009) (Vaslui County). In Eastern North America, which was almost all these places, the plant introduced in Europe for ornamental, produces many that are easily forestry or anti-erosion uses (Dumitriu- spread by wind. Tătăranu, 1960), in 1780 (Csiszár & Picris echioides L. (Helminthia Bartha, 2008). It is met as an alien echioides (L.) Gaertn.; Helminthoteca plant in numerous countries from echioides (L.) Holub) Central Europe (Daisie, 2009; do This species is originating from Amaral & da Rocha Afonso, 1972). In Central and South Europe and became Austria, F. pennsylvanica is an naturalised (alien) in the other regions invasive plant, threatening native of the continent (including Romania), habitats and vegetal communities but with an inconstant occurrence (Essl & Rabitsch (eds), 2002). In (Sell, 1976). It is also an alien plant in Hungary, it is also considered as one North America (Britton & Brown, of the most invasive alien plants, 1970). The tendency of increasing its being common everywhere (Csiszár & area in Europe was noticed especially Bartha, 2008). since the decades V and VI of the last In Romania, the number of century, in France, Hungary, former localities in which F. pennsylvanica is Yugoslavia, as well as in Romania met (as a sub-spontaneous tree) has and former USSR (where it was increased lately and therefore, it was declared a quarantine weed) (Anghel recorded on the list of the invasive et al., 1972). species from the country (Anastasiu & In Romania, the plant was Negrean, 2007). It grows well on initially identified in Transylvania, at light, wet but well drained soils; it the middle of the XIX Century, in tolerates well the floods and the frost Cluj-Napoca (Landoz, in Simonkai, (Dumitriu-Tătăranu, 1960). 1866). Later, it was rediscovered by The authors have found more Timuş (1940), who found the seeds of frequently this species in Moldavia in this species in samples of alfalfa from recent years, especially along the Sânicolaul Mare (Timiş County). roads, railways, railway stations, as Today, P. echioides is known in well as on the ruderal lands: Hanu Transylvania (rare plant) (Nyárády, Ancuţei (Neamţ County) (leg. Sîrbu, 5 1965; Landoz, 1844, Simonkai, 1866), September 2009), Miclăuşeni (leg. Banat (sporadic plant) (Anghel et al., Oprea & Sîrbu, 15 August 2009), Iaşi- 1960; Popescu & Bujoreanu, 1957; Socola railway station (leg. Sîrbu & Timuş, 1940), Crişana (sporadic plant) Oprea, 27 August 2009), and along (Anghel et al., 1960; Borza, 1947; the C.A. Rosetti Street (leg. Sîrbu & Pop, 1962; Pop, 1968), Maramureş

36 NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA

(sporadic plant) (Anghel et al., 1960; West regions), Denmark and Sweden Kovács, 2006; Nyárády, 1965), (Markgraf-Dannenberg, 1980). Muntenia (rare plant) (Negrean, 1968; It is a very rare species in Negrean, 1972; Nyárády, 1965) and Romania, which is included in Dobrogea (rare plant) (Oprea, 2005). Romanian Red List of Vascular Plants As concerns the altitude, it grows (Oltean et al., 1994). So far, it is from forest steppe to the floor of known only in Eastern Transylvania sessile forests (Ciocârlan et al., and Maramureş: Poiana-Braşov, at the 2004). According to Anghel et al. base of the Piatra Mare Mountain, (1972), the plant is more frequent in Prejmer (Braşov County) (Beldie, and alfalfa crops from Banat, 1972; Schur, 1866), Bistriţa-Năsăud but it grows also on tilled fields or County (Porcius, 1885), Crăciuneşti ruderal places. P. echioides is a (Maramureş County) (Resmeriţă et xeromesophyllous-mesophyllous, al., 1975-1987, in Oprea, 2005), Ocna (sub-) termophyllous plant (Ciocârlan Şugatag (Maramureş County) (Oprea, et al., 2004), less resistant to frost, 2006, personal observations). Only which hinders its spread northward data from Maramureş are recent, (Anghel et al., 1960). while the indications for Eastern The authors have identified this Transylvania are very old (of the plant in Codăeşti (Vaslui County) nineteenth century). It grows on (leg. Sîrbu & Oprea, 22 August 2009), meadows, forest edges and glades, on where it grows on fallows, as an poor, sandy or peaty soils (Beldie, accompanying species within the 1972). phytocenoses of Conyza canadensis The authors have also identified and serriola (Erigeronto - this plant in Moldavia, near the Lactucetum serriolae Lohmeyer in northern border of Romania, in Oberd. 1957 em. Mucina, 1978). Suceava County, at Poiana Străjii There, P. echioides produces many (Straja) (47054'50.00" N; 25030'55.25" seeds that spread easily in the E; alt. 529 m) and Poiana Cerbului anemochorous way. Therefore, it is (Straja) (47055'24.50" N; expected that in the future this species 25029'14.925" E; alt. 782 m), in will spread more in this region. mesophyll meadows, on the slope of Festuca tenuifolia Sibth. (F. the left side of the Suceava River (leg. capillata Lam.) Sîrbu & Chidoveţ, 30 June 2008). In This species has the main habitat the first location, this species is in Central West Europe (Beldie, 1972; represented by sporadic individuals, Ciocârlan, 2000) and is spread in spread in a phytocenosis of Festuco Spain, Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris Horvat France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, 1951, while in the second location, former Yugoslavia, Austria, former populations of F. tenuifolia have Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, coverage of about 60% on areas of Romania, former USSR (Central and 30-40 m2.

37 C. SÎRBU AND A. OPREA

b) Alien Species (Hemerophytes) river meadow, upstream of Piatra Identified in New Localities Neamţ (Sîrbu & Oprea, 2008c), it is Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. also found on upstream of Agapia, on (originating from North America, it the riverside of homonymous river was introduced as an ornamental (Neamţ County) (leg. Sîrbu & Oprea, plant). Previously reported in Viile 23.VIII.09). (Galaţi County) (Mititelu et al., 1993) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and Piatra Neamţ-Cuejdi river (originating from North America, it meadow (Sîrbu & Oprea, 2008c), it was introduced as an ornamental and has also been identified in Ciric-Iaşi plant). It was collected in in waste ground (Iaşi County) (leg. 1952, in Fundu Moldovei locality Sîrbu, 17 August 2008), and Agapia - (Suceava County) (IASI Herbarium, on the riverside of the homonymous leg. anonymous) and then cited in river (Neamţ County) (leg. Oprea & several other localities of the same Sîrbu, 23 August 2009). county: Moldoviţa-Ferăstrău (Morariu Ulmus pumila L. (originating et al., 1969), Şarul Dornei (Mititelu et from Central and Eastern Asia, it was al., 1988) and Vama (Mititelu et al., introduced as an ornamental tree). The 1989). We have found it in Vadu species was previously known in Negrilesei on the banks of a tributary Moldavia, only in Galaţi County of the Negrileasa River (Suceava (Borza, 1958; Mititelu et al., 1993; County) (leg. Oprea & Sîrbu, 27 July Popa & Chifu, 2006) and it was also 2009), where it grows abundantly and found in Iaşi (near the railway station, produces many fruits and fertile seeds. leg. Sîrbu, 22 August 2008) and Oenothera glazioviana Micheli Socola (railway embankments, leg. (Syn.: Oenothera erythrosepala Sîrbu & Oprea, 27 August 2009) (Iaşi Borbás) (originating from North County). America, it was introduced as an Rudbeckia triloba L. ornamental plant). It was previously (originating from North America, it reported in Agapia and Piatra Neamţ was introduced as an ornamental (Neamţ County) (Sîrbu & Oprea, plant) was recently identified in the 2008c). We have also found it in meadow of the Agapia River (Sîrbu & Adjud (on the roadside), Urecheşti Oprea, 2009, unpublished) and it is (roadside ditches) (Vrancea County) also found in Iaşi (waste ground on (leg. Sîrbu, 25.VII.09), Berheci Uzinei and Bucur streets, leg. Sîrbu, (Galaţi County) (on the roadside, leg. 1 August 2009), as well as in Oprea & Sîrbu, 2 August 2009), Ruginoasa (Iaşi County, leg. Sîrbu, 23 Poieni (Iaşi County) (fallow, leg. August2009). Sîrbu & Oprea, 2 August 2009), Rudbeckia hirta L. (originating Borşeni-Războieni (Neamţ County) from North America, it was (roadside, leg. Sîrbu & Oprea, 2 June introduced as an ornamental plant) 2009). was previously reported in the Cuejdi

38 NEW AND RARE PLANTS FROM THE FLORA OF MOLDAVIA

Rhus typhina L. (R. hirta (L.) invasion of alien plants in some Sudw.) (originating from North anthropic and natural habitats from America, it was introduced as an Moldavia (Romania)”. ornamental tree). It was first mentioned as cultivated plant in REFERENCES Moldavia (Szabo, 1841), then as a sub-spontaneous species in Larga- Anastasiu P., Negrean G., 2007 - Invadatori vegetali în România Movileni (Grecescu, 1909), Botanic (Plant invaders in Romania). Edit. Garden of Iaşi (Leocov & Ţopa, Universităţii Bucureşti, p. 81 1986), Ciric, Zagavia-Scobinţi Anastasiu P., Negrean G., 2008 - New (Mititelu et al., 1995) (Iaşi County), as alien plants in Romania. Analele well as in Huşi (Vaslui County) Universităţii din Craiova. Seria Agricultură, Montanologie, Cadastru. (Sîrbu, 2008). Recently, we have 38/B: 1-10 identified this species in Borniş Anghel Gh., Raianu M., Bucurescu N., (Neamţ County) (leg. Sîrbu & Oprea, 1960 - Helminthia echioides (L.) 2 June 2009). There, it forms some Gaertn., ca plantă indicatoare de provenienţă în controlul seminţelor dense and large populations, at the (Helminthia echioides (L.) Gaertn., a edge of hazelnut trees. provenance indicator plant in CONCLUSIONS control). Comunicări de Botanică (1957-1959), Bucureşti 323-332 All the species shown in this Anghel Gh., Chirilă C., Ciocârlan V., Ulinici A., 1972 - Buruienile din scientific paper, except Festuca culturile agricole şi combaterea lor tenuifolia, are alien plants (neophytes (Weeds from crops and their and hemerophytes). Some species are control). Edit. Ceres, Bucureşti, pp. new for the flora of Moldavia, while 355 Beldie Al., 1972 - Genul Festuca L.( others are quite rare for this region of Festuca L. ), in Săvulescu et Romania, but their exotic nature and al. (red.) 1952-1976 - Flora because they can reproduce without R.S.România, XII, Edit. Academiei human help are a warning as concerns Române, Bucureşti, 459-558 their future in this territory. Borza Al., 1947 - Conspectus Florae Romaniae, Regionumque affinum, Regarding Festuca tenuifolia, a Tipografia Cartea Românească, very rare species in the flora of Cluj-Napoca, pp. 360 Romania, included in the Romanian Borza Al., 1958 - Contribuţii la flora şi Red List of Vascular Plants, its vegetaţia din răsăritul României (Contribution on the flora and presence in Moldavia, towards the vegetation from eastern Romania). south-eastern limit of its natural area, Contribuţii Botanice, Cluj: 127-158 is very interesting and encouraging. Britton N.L., Brown A., 1970 - An Illustrated Flora of the Northern Acknowledgements. This work United States, Canada and the British Possessions. I-III., New York is a result of the PNCDI-PN II-IDEI Ciocârlan V., 2000 - Flora ilustrată a Grant, contract No. 1110 / 2009: României. Pteridophyta et “Research over the migration and Spermatophyta (Illustrated . Pteridophyta and

39 C. SÎRBU AND A. OPREA

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