Il Cammino Neocatecumenale. Genesi Di Una Realtà Ecclesiale Attraverso Lo Studio Delle Fonti

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Il Cammino Neocatecumenale. Genesi Di Una Realtà Ecclesiale Attraverso Lo Studio Delle Fonti Dottorato di ricerca in Studi umanistici. Tradizione e contemporaneità Ciclo XXIX S.S.D. MSTO/07 Il Cammino Neocatecumenale. Genesi di una realtà ecclesiale attraverso lo studio delle fonti Coordinatrice: Prof.ssa Cinzia Bearzot Tutor: Prof. Gian Luca Potestà Tesi di dottorato di: Francesca Campigli (matricola 4211978) Anno Accademico 2015/2016 A Rocco «Ogni osservazione ha bisogno di liberarsi dai codici familiari che porta con sé, ha bisogno di andare alla deriva in mezzo a tutto ciò che non capisce, per poter arrivare ad una foce, dove dovrà sentirsi smarrita». GIANNI CELATI, Romanzi, cronache e racconti, Mondadori 2016. Sommario Introduzione ........................................................................................................................... I Status quaestionis e fonti della ricerca ......................................................................... VI Abbreviazioni ................................................................................................................ X Il Cammino Neocatecumenale nella Chiesa di Roma........................................................ 1 1.1 Il CNC e l’Istituzione: caratteristiche e limiti di un dialogo complesso ...................... 5 1.1.1 Un movimento? ..................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2 Associazioni, movimenti, gruppi: questioni terminologiche ............................... 12 1.1.3 I movimenti nella Chiesa ..................................................................................... 17 1.1.4 Giovanni Paolo II, i movimenti e il CNC ............................................................ 24 1.2 Il neocatecumenato nello Statuto e nel Direttorio Catechetico .................................. 27 1.2.1 L’itinerario neocatecumenale .............................................................................. 38 1.2.2 Nella parrocchia, ma non della parrocchia .......................................................... 45 1.3 La liturgia ................................................................................................................... 49 1.3.1 La liturgia neocatecumenale tra restaurazione e riforma ..................................... 50 1.3.2 Gli interventi curiali: la Notifica del 1988........................................................... 57 1.3.3 La lettera del card. Arinze: «senza omettere né aggiungere nulla» ..................... 62 1.3.4 Il decreto sulla liturgia e l’udienza del 20 gennaio 2012 ..................................... 68 1.4 I seminari Redemptoris Mater .................................................................................... 71 1.4.1 Movimenti ecclesiali e seminari: brevi cenni storici ........................................... 74 1.4.2 Nascita e organizzazione dei RM ........................................................................ 79 1.4.3 Il caso giapponese ................................................................................................ 88 Sulle origini del Cammino Neocatecumenale (1964-1972) .............................................. 93 2.1 Gli inizi ....................................................................................................................... 96 2.1.1 Francisco Argüello e Carmen Hernández ............................................................ 96 2.1.2 Gli anni Sessanta: il mondo nella Chiesa, la Chiesa nel mondo........................ 100 2.2 Il Fondo don Casimiro Morcillo: l’arcivescovo e il CNC ........................................ 104 2.2.1 Da Madrid a Roma: il CNC e l’Italia ................................................................ 105 2.2.2 L’intervento di don Dino Torreggiani ............................................................... 108 2.2.3 Da Roma all’Italia: il CNC nelle diocesi di Firenze e Venezia ......................... 113 2.3 «Uomo magro ma solido in doctrina et in virtute»: mons. Morcillo tra Concilio e post-concilio ................................................................................................................... 121 2.3.1 L’impegno al Concilio ....................................................................................... 121 2.3.2 Morcillo e Alfrink: il CNC e il Nuovo Catechismo Olandese .......................... 125 Itinerari teologici .............................................................................................................. 136 3.1 Lineamenti teologici del CNC: una teologia applicata alla vita ............................... 138 3.1.1 Ermeneutica della Parola celebrata.................................................................... 141 3.1.2 Questioni ecclesiologiche e critiche poste da un’ermeneutica .......................... 147 3.2 La ripresa di Bonhoeffer nel messaggio neocatecumenale ...................................... 151 3.2.1 Vita comune ....................................................................................................... 152 3.2.2 Sequela............................................................................................................... 157 3.2.3 Bonhoeffer nel CNC passando per la contestazione ......................................... 162 3.3 Le opere di Argüello ................................................................................................. 164 3.3.1 L’Evangelio de los miserables ........................................................................... 165 3.3.2 Il Kerigma. Nelle baracche con i poveri ............................................................ 168 3.3.3 Annotazioni (1988-2014) .................................................................................. 170 Bibliografia ........................................................................................................................ 172 Fonti ................................................................................................................................ 195 Sitografia ........................................................................................................................... 200 Documenti pontifici e conciliari ..................................................................................... 202 Documenti curiali ........................................................................................................... 206 Appendice .......................................................................................................................... 208 Introduzione La storia dell’affermazione del Cammino neocatecumenale nella Chiesa del post-concilio è una storia recente, dai riscontri marcatamente attuali, dunque, per certi versi, nel suo complesso ancora difficile da decifrare. È inoltre una storia circoscritta rispetto al panorama ecclesiale nel quale si colloca e con dinamiche fortemente autoreferenziali. A prima vista sembrerebbe dunque trattarsi di una storia di per sé di poco interesse qualora privata di quegli elementi cronachistici che sembrano costituire il solo richiamo delle attenzioni degli osservatori esterni. Di fatto è stata in tal modo considerata per decenni: come la storia di una realtà come tante, di un movimento nella sua specificità, uguale ad altri, con poco o niente da aggiungere alle grandi controversie storiografiche. Neppure i riconoscimenti ufficiali sopraggiunti negli ultimi anni – tra tutti, l’approvazione dello Statuto nel 2008 e del Direttorio catechetico nel 2010 – sono stati sufficienti a destare l’interesse degli studiosi nei confronti del Cammino neocatecumenale come elemento specifico di studio, relegando piuttosto la trattazione a studi dedicati al fenomeno del movimentismo ecclesiale nel suo complesso. Eppure i tempi sembrano oggi maturi per avviare considerazioni specificamente dedicate al neocatecumenato inteso non tanto nella sua accezione di fenomeno sociale teso alla massificazione dei fedeli sotto la propria struttura, bensì come esito di un particolare contesto storico-ecclesiale: il post-concilio. Il tentativo che ha guidato questo studio è stato dunque quello di un ribaltamento della prospettiva che rendesse il Cammino da soggetto promotore di una particolare ecclesiologia, a oggetto egli stesso di dinamiche storiche più generali. Con la consapevolezza di non avere a che fare con le «gesta dei re»1 ho dunque intrapreso lo studio di questa realtà ecclesiale con lo sguardo puntato più all’ambito generale della Chiesa del post-concilio che al movimento ed è stato proprio nella specificità delle circostanze che segnarono il cattolicesimo europeo tra la fine degli anni Sessanta e l’inizio dei Settanta che si sono manifestati i presupposti all’origine del neocatecumenato. Essi riguardavano non tanto gli aspetti generali individuati da Massimo Faggioli2, pur certamente validi per il 1 C. GINZBURG, Il formaggio e i vermi. Il cosmo di un mugnaio del ‘500, Einaudi 1999, p. XI. 2 In particolare Faggioli rileva come determinanti nel processo di affermazione del movimentismo ecclesiale: l’evoluzione tra gli anni Venti e Quaranta dell’ecclesiologia cattolica nel senso di una riscoperta dell’idea di Chiesa come comunità fraterna di tutti i battezzati di cui l’enciclica Mystici Corporis divenne l’emblema; la crescente diversificazione dell’Azione Cattolica già nel periodo precedente all’avvio del Concilio Vaticano II; I neocatecumenato come per altri movimenti ecclesiali, quanto alcune specifiche vicende che ebbero luogo in quegli stessi anni, talune di respiro internazionale, talaltre di respiro locale, che si dimostrarono determinanti
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