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An Examination of the Potential Influence of Karl Friedrich Schinkel on the Work of Alexander 'Greek' Thomson
An Examination of the Potential Influence of Karl Friedrich Schinkel on the Work of Alexander 'Greek' Thomson A Thesis submitted by: Andre Weiss B. A. 1998 Supervisor: Dr. Gavin Stamp Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Architecture Mackintosh School of Architecture, The University of Glasgow September 1999 ProQuest N um ber: 13833922 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13833922 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 - 1346 Contents List of Illustrations ...................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................9 1. The Previous Claims of an InfluentialRelationship ............................................18 2. An Exploration of the Individual Backgrounds of Thomson and Schinkel .............................................................................................................38 -
4. Cropius, Hirsch, and the Saga of the Copper House
MIT Press Open Architecture and Urban Studies 4. Cropius, Hirsch, and the Saga of the Copper House Walter Gropius, Konrad Wachsmann Published on: Apr 23, 2021 License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) MIT Press Open Architecture and Urban Studies 4. Cropius, Hirsch, and the Saga of the Copper House The Hirsch Copper House The Hirsch Copper and Brass Works (Hirsch Kupfer-und Messingwerke) were founded by Aron Siegmond Hirsch in 1906, as the extension and consolidation of an old- established family metal business based in Halberstadt, with associated enterprises in Werne, llsenberg, and Ebers-walde. The firm developed to become a major power in the German copper industry and is described as having played “a leading role in German economic life.”1 (It was at Eberswalde, incidentally, that Hirsch built a large two-story new factory, designed by architect Paul Mebes, and later published by Walter Gropius in his Internationale Architektur.)2 Hirsch not only dealt with copper ore but also with the manufacture of copper products, including such building products as copper tubing, sheeting, and roofing.3 During 1930 the Hirsch company began to experiment with the use of copper in building on a more comprehensive scale. They acquired the rights to a system of prefabrication of dwellings, invented by Friedrich Förster (originally Frigyes Förster, of Budapest) and later further developed by Förster in conjunction with Robert Krafft.4 Förster, in his original patent application of 1924,5 drew attention to the many previous attempts to design “knockdown buildings that can be readily assembled,” which had failed because of high costs or through inadequate standards of construction and performance. -
Class, Nation and the Folk in the Works of Gustav Freytag (1816-1895)
Private Lives and Collective Destinies: Class, Nation and the Folk in the Works of Gustav Freytag (1816-1895) Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Benedict Keble Schofield Department of Germanic Studies University of Sheffield June 2009 Contents Abstract v Acknowledgements vi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Literature and Tendenz in the mid-19th Century 1 1.2 Gustav Freytag: a Literary-Political Life 2 1.2.1 Freytag's Life and Works 2 1.2.2 Critical Responses to Freytag 4 1.3 Conceptual Frameworks and Core Terminology 10 1.4 Editions and Sources 1 1 1.4.1 The Gesammelte Werke 1 1 1.4.2 The Erinnerungen aus meinem Leben 12 1.4.3 Letters, Manuscripts and Archival Material 13 1.5 Structure of the Thesis 14 2 Political and Aesthetic Trends in Gustav Freytag's Vormiirz Poetry 17 2.1 Introduction: the Path to Poetry 17 2.2 In Breslau (1845) 18 2.2.1 In Breslau: Context, Composition and Theme 18 2.2.2 Politically Responsive Poetry 24 2.2.3 Domestic and Narrative Poetry 34 2.2.4 Poetic Imagination and Political Engagement 40 2.3 Conclusion: Early Concerns and Future Patterns 44 3 Gustav Freytag's Theatrical Practice in the 1840s: the Vormiirz Dramas 46 3.1 Introduction: from Poetry to Drama 46 3.2 Die Brautfahrt, oder Kunz von der Rosen (1841) 48 3.2.1 Die Brautfahrt: Context, Composition and Theme 48 3.2.2 The Hoftheater Competition of 1841: Die Brautfahrt as Comedy 50 3.2.3 Manipulating the Past: the Historical Background to Die Brautfahrt 53 3.2.4 The Question of Dramatic Hero: the Function ofKunz 57 3.2.5 Sub-Conclusion: Die -
Nachlass Der Bauhäusler Hinnerk Und Lou Scheper Für Berlin Gesichert
Pressemeldung Nachlass der Bauhäusler Hinnerk und Lou Scheper für Berlin gesichert Lotto-Stiftung Berlin ermöglicht Ankauf der Arbeiten und Dokumente von Hinnerk und Lou Scheper durch das Bauhaus-Archiv / Museum für Gestaltung Mit Unterstützung der Lotto-Stiftung kann der Nachlass des Künstlerehepaares Hinnerk und Lou Scheper in Berlin gehalten werden. Mit einer Förderung in Höhe von 1,185 Mio. Euro ermöglicht die Lotto-Stiftung dem Bauhaus-Archiv / Museum für Gestaltung in Berlin den Erwerb des umfassen- den Erbes von Hinnerk und Lou Scheper und sichert es für Berlin. In seiner dritten Sitzung 2016 hatte der Stiftungsrat der Lotto-Stiftung Berlin unter Vorsitz des Regierenden Bürgermeisters Michael Müller am 5. Oktober 2016 insgesamt 18,5 Millionen Euro ausgeschüttet. Berlin, 06.10.16. Die Künstler Hinnerk und Lou Scheper haben das Bauhaus entscheidend geprägt. Darü- ber hinaus hatten sie einen entscheidenden Anteil an der künstlerischen und denkmalpflegerischen Ent- wicklung Berlins in den Nachkriegsjahren. Zum einzigartigen Nachlass des Paares gehören Farbgestal- tungen, Zeichnungen, Druckgrafiken, Fotografien, Möbel, Designobjekte, Dokumente und Korresponden- zen sowie eine umfassende Bibliothek mit seltenen Ausstellungskatalogen, Broschüren und Zeitschriften der 1920er-Jahre. „Dank der großzügigen Förderung der Lotto-Stiftung Berlin wird es uns möglich, den großartigen Nachlass von Hinnerk und Lou Scheper – zwei der bedeutendsten Vertreter des Bauhauses – dauerhaft für das Bauhaus-Archiv und damit für die Forschung und für die Öffentlichkeit zu sichern“, freut sich Dr. Annemarie Jaeggi, Direktorin des Bauhaus-Archiv / Museum für Gestaltung. „Wir danken allen Unterstützern für die große Wertschätzung unserer Arbeit.“ Der Nachlass Hinnerk und Lou Scheper Sowohl Hinnerk als auch Lou Scheper zählen zu zentralen Persönlichkeiten am Bauhaus. -
Bauhaus 1 Bauhaus
Bauhaus 1 Bauhaus Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term Bauhaus, literally "house of construction" stood for "School of Building". The Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. In spite of its name, and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did not have an architecture department during the first years of its existence. Nonetheless it was founded with the idea of creating a The Bauhaus Dessau 'total' work of art in which all arts, including architecture would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern design.[1] The Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography. The school existed in three German cities (Weimar from 1919 to 1925, Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and Berlin from 1932 to 1933), under three different architect-directors: Walter Gropius from 1919 to 1928, 1921/2, Walter Gropius's Expressionist Hannes Meyer from 1928 to 1930 and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Monument to the March Dead from 1930 until 1933, when the school was closed by its own leadership under pressure from the Nazi regime. The changes of venue and leadership resulted in a constant shifting of focus, technique, instructors, and politics. For instance: the pottery shop was discontinued when the school moved from Weimar to Dessau, even though it had been an important revenue source; when Mies van der Rohe took over the school in 1930, he transformed it into a private school, and would not allow any supporters of Hannes Meyer to attend it. -
The Changing Depiction of Prussia in the GDR
The Changing Depiction of Prussia in the GDR: From Rejection to Selective Commemoration Corinna Munn Department of History Columbia University April 9, 2014 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Volker Berghahn, for his support and guidance in this project. I also thank my second reader, Hana Worthen, for her careful reading and constructive advice. This paper has also benefited from the work I did under Wolfgang Neugebauer at the Humboldt University of Berlin in the summer semester of 2013, and from the advice of Bärbel Holtz, also of Humboldt University. Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1 2. Chronology and Context………………………………………………………….4 3. The Geschichtsbild in the GDR…………………………………………………..8 3.1 What is a Geschichtsbild?..............................................................................8 3.2 The Function of the Geschichtsbild in the GDR……………………………9 4. Prussia’s Changing Role in the Geschichtsbild of the GDR…………………….11 4.1 1945-1951: The Post-War Period………………………………………….11 4.1.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………11 4.1.2 Public Symbols and Events: The fate of the Berliner Stadtschloss…14 4.1.3 Film: Die blauen Schwerter………………………………………...19 4.2 1951-1973: Building a Socialist Society…………………………………...22 4.2.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………22 4.2.2 Public Symbols and Events: The Neue Wache and the demolition of Potsdam’s Garnisonkirche…………………………………………..30 4.2.3 Film: Die gestohlene Schlacht………………………………………34 4.3 1973-1989: The Rediscovery of Prussia…………………………………...39 4.3.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………39 4.3.2 Public Symbols and Events: The restoration of the Lindenforum and the exhibit at Sans Souci……………………………………………42 4.3.3 Film: Sachsens Glanz und Preußens Gloria………………………..45 5. -
Dessau: Höhepunkt Der Ästhetik in Der Industrie-Epoche - Das Bauhaus Und Seine Bauten
• • Dessau: Höhepunkt der Ästhetik in der Industrie-Epoche - das Bauhaus und seine Bauten Weitreichender Zusammenhang. In Bei der Wiedereröffnung des Bau Dessau hatte in der zweiten Hälfte des hauses in den 80er Jahren wird der Zu 18. Jahrhundert ein aufgeklärter Klein sammenhang zwischen Gartenreich und fürst eine vielbewunderte Gesellschafts- Bauhaus erneut diskutiert. Der Begriff Utopie geschaffen: eine Synthese von „Industrielles Gartenreich“ entsteht. Empfindung und Vernunft, sozialem und In diesem Diskurs ergeben sich Ver kulturellem Verhalten, Nutzen und Schön bindungen zur IBA-Berlin / Strategien heit. für Kreuzberg (Hardt-Walther Hämer) Davon ist vieles mental lebendig, als und der IB A-Emscher Park im Ruhrgebiet das Bauhaus 1925 nach Dessau kommt. (Karl Ganser, Gerhard Seitmann). Der ge meinsame Faden ist die Begleitung des in dustriellen Struktur-Wandels: in einer Synthese von Potential-Denken und Ge stalten. In diesem Kontext entwickelt die Landesregierung 1996 eine Strategie: es entsteht eine Agentur zur Entwicklung der regionalen Struktur. Verknüpft mit dem Gedanken an die Expo Hannover heißt dieses umfangreiche Projekt-Paket (S. 596): Expo 2000 Sachsen-Anhalt. Das Drama der Vorge schichte: Aufstieg und Fall des Bauhauses in Weimar Walter Gropius gründet 1919 das Bau haus. Er ist seit 1910 Mitglied im Deut schen Werkbund - ebenso wie der künst lerische Berater der Zukunfts-Industrie, des Elektrizitäts-Konzerns AEG, Peter Behrens. Behrens entwickelte aus indu striellen Materialien und Prozessen eine Lyonei Feininger: Kathedrale des Sozialismus eigene Ästhetik der Industrie. 1908 bis (1919, Holzschnitt) 1910 war Gropius im Atelier von Beh- rens tätig, vor allem als Architekt. Er sog tag. Die „Weimarer Künstlerschaft“ for dort neue Ideen ein. -
The Intersection of Tradition and Future at the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
The intersection of tradition and future at the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 28 November 2018 www.uni-weimar.de www.uni-weimar.de/bauhaus100 28 November 2018 History of the University, I 1860 The Grand Duke Carl Alexander founded the School of Fine Arts in Weimar. Its most prominent students were Max Liebermann and Max Beckmann. 1907 The Belgian architect Henry van de Velde founded the School of Arts and Crafts. Shortly thereafter, he designed two new buildings, known as the Van-de-Velde ensemble, which are now registered as World Heritage Sites by the UNESCO. 1919 Walter Gropius founded the State Bauhaus in Weimar. The courses in the avant-garde were significantly influenced by Johannes Itten, Lyonel Feininger, Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky. Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 28 November 2018 www.uni-weimar.de www.uni-weimar.de/bauhaus100 Staircase in the Main Building History of the University, II 1925 The State Bauhaus in Weimar was closed. Walter Gropius and the other Bauhäusler transferred their operations to Dessau. 1926 Under the supervision of the architect Otto Bartning, the University reopened and offered regular courses in architecture for the first time. 1930 The University underwent radical reform based on traditional and nationally oriented values. 1946 The University was re-established in the spirit of anti-fascism and democracy. It focused on humanistic traditions, and initially, even on the Bauhaus principles. Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 28 November 2018 www.uni-weimar.de www.uni-weimar.de/bauhaus100 Mural by Herbert Bayer History of the University, III 1954 The University received a rectorial constitution. -
The Bauhaus 1 / 70
GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS 1 / 70 The Bauhaus 1 Art and Technology, A New Unity 3 2 The Bauhaus Workshops 13 3 Origins 26 4 Weimar 45 5 Dessau 57 6 Berlin 68 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS 2 / 70 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE ARTS & CRAFTS MOVEMENT 3 / 70 1919–1933 Art and Technology, A New Unity A German design school where ideas from all advanced art and design movements were explored, combined, and applied to the problems of functional design and machine production. © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Joost Schmidt, Exhibition Poster, 1923 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS / Art and TechnoLogy, A New Unity 4 / 70 1919–1933 The Bauhaus Twentieth-century furniture, architecture, product design, and graphics were shaped by the work of its faculty and students, and a modern design aesthetic emerged. MEGGS © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS / Art and TechnoLogy, A New Unity 5 / 70 1919–1933 The Bauhaus Ideas from all advanced art and design movements were explored, combined, and applied to the problems of functional design and machine production. MEGGS • The Arts & Crafts: Applied arts, craftsmanship, workshops, apprenticeship • Art Nouveau: Removal of ornament, application of form • Futurism: Typographic freedom • Dadaism: Wit, spontaneity, theoretical exploration • Constructivism: Design for the greater good • De Stijl: Reduction, simplification, refinement © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS / Art and TechnoLogy, A New Unity 6 / 70 1919–1933 -
Heike Hambrock Marlene Moeschke
Heike Hambrock Marlene Moeschke - Mitarbeiterin? Das wiederentdeckte Werk der Bildhauerin und Architektin liefert neue Er kenntnisse über Hans Poelzigs Großes Schauspielhaus in Berlin. In Johann Jacob Bachofens Mutterrecht von 1861, dessen Lektüre für viele Künstler Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts belegt ist, werden in einer archaisch anmutenden sexu ellen Symbolik Mann und Frau zum Gegensatzpaar Sonne (männlich, aktiv, Moder ne) und Mond (weiblich, passiv, Urmythos) stilisiert.1 In der Beschwörung eines >Urmythos< erklärt Bachofen die Frau zum universellen Lebenselement, Magna Ma ter, die im Einklang mit der Schöpfung der Natur stehe, deren Erkenntnis dem Mann das Gegenbild der Moderne verwehrt sei. Aufgrund ihrer weiblichen Natur sei die Frau allerdings weder fähig zu qualifiziertem wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten, noch zu technischer Höchstleistung oder künstlerischem Höhenflug. Im Sonnenmythos von Nietzsches Zarathustra vermag allein der Künstler als Geistesmensch, im Kampf mit sich selbst und der Materie Kunstwerke zu erschaffen. Die Frau gilt ge meinhin als Muse und Inspiration. Im Atelier des Künstlers wird sie nur als Modell oder Mutter der Kinder akzeptiert, ihre körperliche und geistige Präsenz ansonsten als Bedrohung der männlichen Energie wahrgenommen. Auf hohem künstlerischen Niveau findet sich der hier nur angedeutete Geschlechterkampf der Moderne in Os kar Kokoschkas Dramen und Grafikzyklen reflektiert.2 Allerdings kommt der um 1916 bis 1919 mit dem Architekten und damaligen Stadtbaurat Hans Poelzig (1869 1936) in Dresden freundschaftlich verkehrende Künstler zu der für die Zeit untypi schen Erkenntnis einer geschlechtlichen Gleichberechtigung. Der konservative Kunst und Architekturkritiker Karl Scheffler mochte demgegenüber der Frau nur die Rolle der >dilettierenden Hausfrau< zugestehen;3 selbst im Kunstgewerbe hatte sie als eigenständige Künstlerin in der wilhelminischen Gesellschaft keinen Platz. -
Press Information 100 Years of Bauhaus at ITB Anniversary Events
Press Information 100 years of bauhaus at ITB Anniversary events in Germany NOTE that many of these projects are still in the development stage Bauhaus Association 2019 1 Press Release 100 years of Bauhaus in Berlin Berlin, 6 March 2019 The year 2019 is dedicated to Bauhaus. Throughout Germany, numerous players are inviting visitors to the big anniversary under the auspices of the Bauhaus Association. Berlin is also celebrating the Bauhaus centenary with a large number of events. visitBerlin is taking the Bauhaus anniversary as an opportunity to present the Grand Tour of Berlin Modernism at this year's ITB (international travel trade show) in a special area (hall 12, stand 101). Totalling some 50 sites dotted around the city, visitors are invited to experience the entire panorama of Berlin's architectural modernity across all 12 districts. Fascinating information about the history of Bauhaus and the most important architects of the era have been brought together here. The diversity of the buildings presented ranges from the past to the present: from the six large housing estates from the 1920s to the Jewish Museum of 2001. The Grand Tour of Berlin Modernism can be found on the official website visitBerlin.de. 12 stories about Berlin Modernism can also be experienced on site with the ABOUT BERLIN app. In cooperation with the Bauhaus Archive and the Royal Porcelain Factory, Berlin (KPM), visitBerlin will also present legendary design objects by Bauhaus designers at its exhibition stand. On display, among other things, will be bowls by Marianne Brandt, the famous lamp by Wilhelm Wagenfeld and an exclusive preview of the new b100 Service Edition by KPM. -
Photo Credits Chapter Illustrations
Photo Credits If not indicated otherwise, the pictures were provided by the authors. Bauhaus Archiv, Berlin: p. 154, p. 156 bottom, p. 157 Chan-Magomedov, Selim: Pioniere der sowjetischen Architektur, Dresden 1983, p. 267 Dill, Alex, Darmstadt: p. 24, p. 36, p. 48, p. 49, p. 62 Dushkina, Natalya, Moscow: p. 45, p. 74 bottom Ginzburg, Mosey, zhilische, Moscow 1934: p. 53, p. 144 middle Gozak, Andrey, Moscow: p. 68 Institut für Regional- und Strukturplanung IRS, Erkner, left bottom: p. 40 right top Kudryavtsev, Alexander, Dushkina Natalia (eds): 20th Century. Preservation of Cultural Heritage. Moscow 2006: p. 71, p. 151: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin / archive: p. 129, p. 132, p. 133 Landesdenkmalamt Berlin / Wolfgang Bittner / Wolfgang Reuss: p. 143 top, p. 172, p. 173, p. 174 Miskowiec, Jolanta; Warsaw: p. 40: left top Mosproject 2, Moscow: p. 142 top, p. 152 top Scheper, Dirk, Berlin: p. 138, p. 156 top Schusev State Museum of Architecture, Moscow: p. 26 bottom, p. 28, p. 43, p. 44, p. 69 bottom, p. 141, p. 162, p. 164 Seegers, Bernd, Shanghai: p. 40 left buttom Stadtarchiv Dessau: p. 104 bottom Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau: p. 104, p. 105, p. 106, p. 108 –111, Martin Brück: p. 103 Stiftung Welterbestätte Zeche Zollverein Essen/Walter Busch: p. 102 Stubbs, John, New York: p. 14, p. 52 Studentische Initiative Kabelfabrik FHTW Berlin: p. 175 Winfried Brenne Architekten, Berlin: p. 130, p.136, p.141 left, p. 147, p. 148, p. 149, p. 150 Zalivako, Anke, Berlin: p. 26 top, p. 37 bottom, p. 54, p. 55, p. 56, p. 57, p.