January 2001 The University of Tokyo Magazine UT Forum 21 aims at sharing worldwide the latest developments at UT with everyone interested in UT Forum 21education and research. 1 The University of Tokyo UT ForumThe University of Tokyo Magazine 21 No. 1, January 2001

CONTENTS

Editor-in-Chief : 3 Welcome to the University of 16 People in UT Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Professor, Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Hideo Kuroda Associate Editor : Hisaki Matsuura Masashi Haneda, Professor, Institute of Oriental 4 UT: Its Origin and History Kenjiro Miyano Culture Tomoko M. Nakanishi Editorial Board : Hitoshi Kurose, Associate Professor, Graduate 6 Academic Performance Hiroyuki Sakaki School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Abroad Tsugitaka Sato Minoru Nakano, Chief Archivist Yoshikazu Ohya, Professor, Graduate School of UT Forum 2000 in Boston Hiroshi Suzuki Frontier Sciences Tadatsugu Taniguchi Naoyuki Tsuchiya, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Medicine 10 Sustainability Pays Dividends Tadashi Uchino, Associate Professor, Graduate UT is Active in AGS 26 Insights into UT School of Arts and Sciences The MAGNUM Project Editorial Collaborators : Gaynor Sekimori 14 Kashiwa Campus Abroad in Komaba Shiela Hones Meeting a New Challenge Super-Kamiokande Detector Brendan Wilson Toward New Research on Asia © The Committee of Public Relations of the University of Tokyo 30 News in Brief 7— 3 —1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 — 8654, Japan Fax: 81— 3 — 3816 — 3913 E-mail: [email protected]

Issued on 31 January 2001 Cover: ©Photo by Hiroshi Morooka / Courtesy of University of Tokyo Press. Throughout this magazine, the names of Japanese persons are presented in the order, given name followed by family name.

Greetings from the Editor

At the turn of the new century, it is our a high position in research and education I appreciate very much the support and great pleasure to publish an English maga- on an international standard. cooperation of readers, given to the edito- zine, UT Forum 21. Since 1877, when the Information now instantaneously moves rial board of UT Forum 21, which will be University of Tokyo was founded as the first around the world, and this will be acceler- published annually to contribute to the national university in Japan, it has continu- ated in this new century. Out-flow of development of academic activities in an ously expanded and reformed its structure information from UT in English is, without atmosphere of international reciprocity. to adapt to the development of higher doubt, indispensable for the staff and education and research while coping with students to survive while cooperating with, various problems and demands from time and mutually stimulating, colleagues in a to time. As a research-oriented university, world academic community. This new the present-day UT, which consists of magazine is aiming at sharing worldwide thirteen graduate schools, ten faculties, the histories of UT and the latest develop- eleven institutes and twenty-four research ment at UT with everyone interested in Ryutaro Ohtsuka, D.Sc. centers in a wide range of disciplines, holds education and research. Director, the Committee of Public Relations

4 SHIGEHIKO HASUMI

In April 1997, Shigehiko Hasumi took office as the twenty-sixth president of the University of Tokyo. Graduating from the University of Tokyo’s program in French literature in 1960 and receiving a doctorate from the University of Paris in 1965, he joined the University of Tokyo in 1970 as an associate professor in the College of Arts and Sciences and was promoted to full professor in 1988. He served from 1993 to 1995 as Dean of the same college and from 1995 to 1997 as Vice- president of the University of Tokyo. Welcome to the University of Tokyo

What comes to mind when you think about Roppongi. Buildings are also under con- university. That commitment has been the campuses of the University of Tokyo? struction for the new Graduate School of stimulated and strengthened by the people You will probably recall first the Hongo Frontier Sciences, which brings together from throughout the world who have spent Campus, and you may have fond memories our university’s wisdom and learning in time here, whether for short visits or longer of our Komaba Campus as well. But we many fields, and in a few years this entire stays, and we are very grateful for their also have many other locations. The Insti- graduate school will have moved to the new contributions. If you have been to the tute for Cosmic Ray Research’s huge campus. At Komaba, we have also nearly university before, please come and visit us Kamioka Observatory in Gifu Prefecture finished a new building for the Institute of again, not only at the campuses that you will not be forgotten by people who have Industrial Science, which will be moved remember but also at our new Kashiwa been there, and those who have sailed the there from Roppongi, and at Hongo con- Campus. And if you have never been to the Pacific on board the Ocean Research struction is moving ahead Institute’s Hakuho-maru will recall the quickly on a new re- The University of Tokyo is open to all productive time they spent on that research search building for the ship. The University of Tokyo thus reaches Graduate School of people who are sincerely committed far beyond Tokyo itself, from the University Medicine and new wards to education and research. Forest in Hokkaido in the north to the for the University Hospi- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals on tal. If you have not visited the University of university, we look forward to welcoming Amami-oshima in the south. We are proud Tokyo in a while, you will be amazed at all you. The University of Tokyo is open to all of the contributions that these facilities the changes on our campuses. people who are sincerely committed to have made to your studies and research, Many visitors from overseas ask how we education and research. and we hope that you will visit them again. are able to carry out such ambitious con- After the new University of Tokyo was struction projects if Japan’s economy is so reborn in the wake of the Second World weak and the university’s budget is so War, we were fortunate to be able to grow restricted. The answer is simple. For the and develop on the Hongo and Komaba past several decades, we have carefully Campuses. Now I am honored to be the developed an ambitious vision for the President of the University as we begin university focused on the twenty-first building our third campus on over twenty century. The strength of that vision has hectares of land in Kashiwa City, Chiba already been demonstrated by our widely Shigehiko Hasumi, Ph.D. Prefecture. New facilities are nearly com- recognized achievements in both education President plete there for the Institute for Cosmic Ray and research. The physical innovations Research, which has moved to Kashiwa visible on our campuses reflect the commit- from Tanashi, and the Institute for Solid ment to internal innovation by everyone State Physics, which has moved there from involved in education and research at our

5 UT: Its Origin and History

oundation of the istorical Remains F University of Tokyo H and Buildings

The University of Tokyo was Hongo, the main campus of founded in April 1877, as the first the university, situated in Bunkyo national university in Japan (fig. Ward, Tokyo, occupies the site of 1). It had its origins in two the estate of a feudal lord of the schools some twenty years Tokugawa Period (1600 —1867). earlier, the Institute for the Inves- Still intact from that time are the tigation of Western Writings Akamon (Red Gate, fig. 7) and called Bansho-Shirabesho (set up Sanshiro Pond. Before the Kanto by the Tokugawa Shogunate), Earthquake of 1923, the buildings founded in 1856 to import and study Western books on techni- cal subjects and to translate

fig.3

esearch and world. Foreign teachers were a R Education major element in the teaching of special subjects during the early fig.7 From the time of its founding, period of the university (fig. 4). the University of Tokyo was a Besides contributing their experi- fig.1 special educational institution, ence, they also acted to intro- diplomatic notes, and the Vacci- comprising the four departments duce Japan to the West (fig. 5). nation Center (Shutosho), a of law, science, literature and European languages were no private facility of Western medi- medicine. It also taught engi- longer used as languages of cine initially founded as a small- neering (fig. 3) and agriculture. In instruction after the 1880s but pox vaccination clinic in 1858. this sense it varied somewhat their importance continued. The The large-scale opening cer- from other universities around the library began acquiring Western emony of the university’s immedi- academic and technical works

ate predecessor, the Tokyo Kaisei from very early in fig.8 Gakko, was attended by the the university’s Emperor, Japanese and foreign history (fig. 6). were mainly of brick in a variety dignitaries and prominent officials of architectural designs (fig. 8). (fig. 2). The university was Only two or three buildings renamed Tokyo Imperial Univer- remain from that period. After sity in 1886 and was the only the earthquake, buildings were such university in the country erected according to the campus until 1897. As such it played a plan devised by the professor of central role in academic research architecture, Yoshikazu Uchida. and education. The style of his buildings, called fig.4* fig.5

fig.2

* fig. 4: Owned by Dept. Electrical Eng./ Dept. Information and Communication Eng./ Dept. Electronic Eng, Graduate School of Engineering. fig.6

6 scratch tile gothic, brought Frontier Sciences, the Institute for and the University of Tokyo is their talents to the nation. Thus architectural unity to the Hongo Solid State Physics and the reputed to be one of the hardest the graduation ceremony was a Campus. Institute for Cosmic Ray Re- universities to enter. An entrance time of congratulation for the search, together with more ceremony is held every year for country as well as the individual. institutes and research centers, all new undergraduates (fig. 10). In July 2000 Open Campus entroid of a and that it will become a touch- Graduation has traditionally been was held for the first time and a C Tripolar Structure stone for the new challenges that a time of great rejoicing for the large number of high school the university is taking up. Stu- graduate, but also of great students took part. This experi- In June 1992 the university dent festivals at the Komaba and significance to the nation. Since ence, it is hoped, will encourage decided on the “Outline of the Hongo campuses are open to the the university was founded in the students to choose to apply to University of Tokyo Campus public (fig. 9). 1870s, its graduates have given the University of Tokyo. Plan,” formulated around a tripolar structure concept center- ing on the Hongo, Komaba and Kashiwa Campuses. According to this concept, the Hongo Campus will be concerned with traditional forms of education and research (the disciplines), the Komaba Campus with new fig.9 developments in the first two years of undergraduate studies and with advanced research, and ntrance, Gradua- the Kashiwa Campus with educa- E tion and the Open tion and research through a new Campus academic domain. It is planned Japan is known for the stiff that the Kashiwa Campus will competition that applies to contain the Graduate School of university entrance examinations, fig.10

The University of Tokyo and its predecessors

1797 Shoheizaka Gakumonjo 1858 Shutojo 1856 Bansho-Shirabesho

1863 Igakusho 1863 Kaiseijo

1868 Igakko 1868 Shohei-Gakko 1868 Kaisei Gakko

1869 Daigaku Toko 1869 Daigaku Nanko 1869 Daigaku 1871 Meihoryo 1871 Kogakuryo

1872 Hogakko 1873 Kaisei Gakko

1874 Tokyo Igakko 1874 Tokyo Kaisei-Gakko 1874 Noji-Syugakujo

1877 Tokyo University= 1877 Kobu-Daigakko 1877 Nogakko 1877 Jumoku-Shikenjo Preparatory School 1882 Tokyo Sanrin-Gakko 1884 Tokyo Hogakko

1886 Imperial University 1886 First Higher Middle School 1886 Tokyo Norin-Gakko

1894 First Higher School 1897 Imperial University of Tokyo

1949 The University of Tokyo

7 Academic Performance Abroad UT Forum 2000 in Boston Japanese universities have long been hesitant to take their place upon the international stage. As an institution as a whole, they have not publicized the research results of their staff abroad. Yet staff of the University of Tokyo have read papers, very often, at interna- tional scientific conferences, and in terms of articles published in internationally recog- nized academic journals, the university occupies a leading position in the world.

Tadao Ando Reiko Kuroda Hiroyuki Yoshikawa

Makoto Asashima Masatoshi Koshiba

Yoichiro Kawaguchi Nobutaka Hirokawa

86 T Forum was set up at (MIT) and its president, Dr. Charles the instigation of Dr. Vest, that was indispensable in bring- Shigehiko Hasumi, the ing the project to realization. President of the Uni- The Nobel Prize winner Professor versityU of Tokyo (UT), who is con- Susumu Tonegawa of MIT also gave vinced that it is time that the hesi- his enthusiastic support, encouraging tancy of the past be done away with. us and sharing his wisdom with us. “This forum is the first step in plac- The Japan Society for the Promotion ing UT on the world map,” he said. It of Science (JSPS) also agreed to act as is perfectly natural that staff of UT a joint sponsor. Dr. Hiroyuki should discuss their results directly in Yoshikawa, former president of the their own voices with scholars and University of Tokyo and presently students abroad. chairman of JSPS, was a leading spirit in the forum, to the extent that he Supporters even gave a paper at it.

he forum was brought to fruition within a short time after the president’s decision. This was due to theT help and cooperation of a great many individuals and organizations “Nebular 2000” Image from both within and outside the by Yoichiro Kawaguchi university. When the hope was voiced to hold the forum in Boston, it These scholars were introduced by their respective was the warm support of the Massa- mentors or friends, Nobel Prize winners and lead- chusetts Institute of Technology ing scholars who were delighted to act as chairs.

Presenters and Chairs famous as the father of neutrino research, readily gave his consent to he program was formu- appearing as a presenter at the forum. lated in the vibrant atmo- The diverse field of engineering was sphere engendered by represented by the architect Professor President Hasumi’s Tadao Ando of the Graduate School Tinitiative. Presenters were selected of Engineering, renowned through- from teaching staff and emeritus out the world for his unique ideas professors of the university, chiefly in concerning city planning and build- the fields of the natural sciences. ing planning; by Professor Yoichiro Biology is a field that is currently Kawaguchi of the Research into undergoing a great revolution. Three Artifacts Center for Engineering who biologists were chosen to present has opened up new realms in com- papers: Professor Nobutaka puter graphics, fusing engineering Hirokawa, a cell biologist from the and the arts; and by Dr. Hiroyuki Graduate School of Medicine, Profes- Yoshikawa, who has revised the sor Makoto Asashima, a developmen- paradigm of engineering scholarship It was the warm support of the tal biologist from the Graduate in the fields of design planning and Massachusetts Institute of Technol- School of Arts and Sciences, and a robotics. ogy and its president, that was in- structural biochemist, Professor These scholars were introduced by Reiko Kuroda, also of the Graduate their respective mentors or friends, dispensable in bringing the project School of Arts and Sciences. All three Nobel Prize winners and leading to realization. are leading scholars internationally in scholars who were delighted to act as their fields, and are also closely in- chairs. volved with undergraduate/graduate teaching. From the field of physics, Emeri- tus Professor Masatoshi Koshiba,

9 “UT Forum 2000” in Boston

The Day of the Forum paper. Next, Professor Tonegawa of MIT greeted the audience, and then n January 24, 2000, the Professor Kuroda, introduced by snow that had been Professor Koji Nakanishi of Colum- falling until the previ- bia University, and Professor Koshiba, ous day miraculously introduced by Professor Sheldon L. Ostopped. For thirty minutes prior to Glashow of Harvard University, gave the official start at 1 p.m., Professor their presentations. Kawaguchi’s computer graphics were After a break, the second session, shown on a giant screen in the Wong technological and artistic presenta- Auditorium of MIT. Gradually the tions, opened. The theme moved seats filled. from the profound spirit of inquiry Following a short introduction, of science to the fascination of cre- President Vest of MIT welcomed ation. Dr. Yoshikawa, introduced by everyone to the forum. President President Hasumi, Professor Ando, Hasumi then talked about UT and introduced by Professor Tonegawa, the aims of the forum. and Professor Kawaguchi, introduced The first session was for scientific by Professor Marvin Minsky of MIT, presentations. The chair for the first each spoke of their ideas and the two papers, Professor Marc W. results of their studies. The second Kirschner of Harvard Medical session was marked by a feeling of School, introduced Professor enjoyment and relaxation, mostly Hirokawa. The auditorium hushed because the audience had entered as Hirokawa began his lecture. Pro- into the spirit of the forum. fessor Asashima followed with his

The first session was Lingering Memories scientific presentations resentation of the reports and the second session finished on a high note was technological and and light refreshments artistic presentations. were served in an adjoin- Ping area. People crowded around and formed groups surrounding the speakers. Their excitement bespoke the success of the forum. At the official reception party which began at 8 p.m., President Hasumi smilingly recounted to the audience the wonderful achievements of the forum. Greetings were then given by Mr. Alexander D’Arbeloff, Chairman of the MIT Corporation, and by Professor Andrew Gordon, Director of the Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. At the height of the party, a traditional Japanese ceremony called “Kagamiwari,” opening a huge sake (Japanese wine) cask with mallets, was performed by these people, to great enthusiasm. The after-dinner speech was given by Professor Samuel C. Ting of MIT, drawing the evening to a close.

10 Later Comments

ll presenters spoke of their excitement to be at the forum. “The ques- tion of what architecture isA has always been a pressing ques- tion,” said Professor Ando. “I wanted to talk about what an architect can do in terms of its definition.” He added, “I was encouraged that Professor Tonegawa, a friend of many years standing, was kind enough to intro- duce me.” Professor Asashima com- mented, “Unique research into the formation of the organs of living beings which developed in Japan may sound uncouth but it is of funda- mental importance. I wanted to tell people about this and about how ultimately it might be applied to “Kagamiwari” performed by President Shigehiko Hasumi (left) and four distinguished guests. human beings… I attempted to explain my work plainly for the sake of young people and the general positive in this aspect.” For two days The impressions of President public.” after the end of the forum, Professor Hasumi and all UT members who Professor Ando was truly glad that Asashima gave four lectures at took part in the forum are encapsu- frank communication had been Harvard University and other places lated in the words of these two pro- brought about between people of at the invitation of Professor fessors. such different living environments, Kirschner and others. “Japanese (Yasunari Takada, Professor, Graduate value systems and cultural back- young people have a great ability to School of Arts and Sciences, and Ryutaro grounds as the United States and absorb knowledge … however, young Ohtsuka, Professor, Graduate School of Medicine) Japan. “I spoke about town planning Americans are filled with a spirit of in Kobe after the 1995 earthquake adventure, and are not afraid to make there and was greatly stimulated by mistakes,” observed Professor “My experience here has been useful the sincere and searching questions Asashima. “My experience here has not just for my future research but afterwards, particularly those from been useful not just for my future for my work as a teacher as well.” the young … I would really like research but for my work as a teacher young people in Japan to be more as well.”

Nobutaka Hirokawa: “How Do the Cells Transport Organelles and Protein Complexes?” Makoto Asashima: “In Vitro Control of Organogenesis and Gene Expressions in Animal Development” Reiko Kuroda: “Chirality and Achirality in Molecular Processes” Masatoshi Koshiba: “Observational Neutrino Astrophysics” Hiroyuki Yoshikawa: “Design — Artifacts — Environment” Tadao Ando: “From Architecture to Cities: Aiming for Public Spaces” Yoichiro Kawaguchi: “Life — Survival — Art”

11 Sustainability Pays Dividends UT is Active in

The Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS) is a project which was set up in AGS the autumn of 1996 through a formal agreement for academic cooperation concluded by the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (ETH), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the University of Tokyo (UT). This joint research project will seek specific ways of protecting the global environment and of creating a sustainable culture.

12 nder the umbrella of the AGS, there are twenty-seven research projects being under- Utaken in 1999 — 2000, with over one hundred UT staff members partici- pating. In addition there are a large number of post-doctoral fellows and postgraduates involved, from a great many disciplines such as science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, law, and economics. In broad terms, the research projects can be classified into use and management of re- sources, environmental effects on health, urban systems, the process of Simulation experiments for global warming by the Center for Climate System Research of the University of food production, environmental Tokyo and the National Institute for Environmental Studies. policy, and cooperation with devel- oping countries. Four project leaders talked about their standpoints and goals of research.

Global Climatic Change wells dug through international aid Professor Akimasa Sumi, Center for to avoid the bacterial infection rife in Climate System Research the country, naturally occurring As the hot summers continue, many arsenic in the underground water has people tend to think of global warm- adulterated the well water. The ing. The climate model that we are population at risk of poisoning is using attempts to take into account more than 35 million. Arsenic poi- the unbelievably large shocks that soning begins as a skin manifestation, nature can give us to predict scientifi- then progresses to skin cancer and cally the progress of global warming, internal organ cancer. Little is known and estimate whether it has been about the progress to arsenicosis or caused by human activity and what how it can be combated. We are its effects on food production will be. investigating how to prevent arsenicosis and what kind of water Tokyo Greenhouse Gas Half supply system is most suitable. Example of output of building information in Tokyo, using the Project geographical information system. Professor Keisuke Hanaki, Graduate Making the Use of Coal Clean School of Engineering in China Our first aim is to devise a strategy to Professor Hideaki Shiroyama, Graduate halve the emission of carbon dioxide School of Law and Politics in Tokyo. We are making a compre- About 75% of the energy used in hensive analysis of the environment China is supplied by coal. The emis- of buildings in which people spend sion of carbon dioxide and sulfur much of their time, of urban trans- oxides gives rise to environmental portation systems and of human problems such as acid rain and global activities in the city. The results of warming. An important issue is this study will be applied to whether coal can continue to be used Guangzhou in China, which is expe- efficiently and cleanly. Our project is riencing rapid industrialization and not only looking at low-cost technical

Chong Qing city under heavy air pollution. urbanization. options but is attempting to clarify the political, economic and adminis- Arsenic Contamination in trative conditions regarding their Bangladesh acceptance and diffusion in Chinese Professor Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Graduate society. School of Medicine In Bangladesh, as a result of the tube

13 UT is active in “AGS”

The History and the Spirit This joint research project was of AGS undertaken at the initiative of the presidents of the three universities, in ormal signing of the agree- agreement with this viewpoint. In ment to set up AGS by the 1997 Dr. Shigehiko Hasumi suc- three universities, which ceeded Dr. Yoshikawa as the president took place at UT in 1996, of UT, and under him the spirit of Fwas the culmination of meetings held AGS has continued unchanged as at MIT in 1994 and at ETH in 1995. work continues to widen research In 1996, Dr. Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, the fields, to increase the number of then president of UT, spoke at the scholars involved and to bring their conference. “Many contemporary results into society as a whole. environmental problems,” he said, Funding for the projects has come “have arisen directly from human largely from Dr. S. Schmidheiny activities, and we have to ask our- through the Swiss Foundation selves how we are to deal with this AVINA, but the universities con- by close to one hundred people from enemy within. It is a fact of present cerned and the researchers have also UT, not just teaching staff and gradu- reality that traditional academic contributed to raising the necessary ate students but also undergraduates disciplines which were developed to funds. from all the various faculties. confront the enemy without cannot Every year a conference is hosted cope with the enemy within. We by each university in turn. The 2000 need to restructure the disciplines.” conference, held at MIT, was attended

Traditional academic disciplines Desired Outcomes Tokyo Greenhouse Gas Half which were developed to Project confront the enemy without our project leaders ex- The chief measures to be undertaken plained the up-to-date are to convert the energy supply to cannot cope with the enemy findings and the scope of one which is able to contain the within. future work. emission of carbon dioxide more, to F reduce the amount of energy con- Global Climatic Change sumed, and to change urban struc- According to a prediction based on a ture. These are the desired outcomes. climate model that increases the In order to make a general evaluation annual rate of the concentration of of complicated and interdependent carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by factors, such as reducing the rate of one percent and running a super- carbon dioxide emission by increas- computer for several months, tem- ing the efficiency of electricity gen- perature rises in the high latitudes eration, and reducing the amount of and continental regions and the electricity consumed, a tool called distribution of the amount of run- DOME (distributed object-oriented ning water also changes. If this modeling environment) is being used occurs, there is a strong possibility at MIT. By making models for the that the productivity of wheat will various objectives, linking them to fall and there will be a strain on DOME, and using the internet, both supply and demand, while the pro- MIT and ETH are conducting real- ductivity of rice in Asia will rise. time exchanges to come up with a Central issues relating to warming way to reduce carbon dioxide emis- include the effect of food productiv- sion by half. A Japanese team member measures the arsenic concentration of well water in a rural village of Bangladesh. ity on politics and economics and changes in the local water cycle and Arsenic Contamination in land use. To improve the present Bangladesh climate model and to make predic- Painstaking surveys have been con- tions of a higher reliability is cer- ducted since 1997 in two villages in tainly a goal of the AGS project. the Nawabganj district, where pa-

14 tients were first discovered. Samples Making the Use of Coal Clean have been taken of water from more in China than a hundred wells and of urine As a result of a study of the various from all the residents, skin manifesta- political, social and administrative tions have been examined by special- conditions in Chinese society con- ists, interviews have been conducted cerning the employment and diffu- to ascertain the consciousness of the sion of technical options, such as population regarding arsenic con- improving the efficiency of boilers tamination, and there has been used in industry and simple extrac- analysis of samples in the laboratory. tion equipment, four factors have The dose-response relationship been revealed as being of particular between the amount of arsenic in importance. The first is that the well water and that in urine has been energy market is incomplete and that made clear. Not only has it been the price of coal energy has been kept shown that skin manifestations are low. Second, environmental regula- related to the degree of arsenic in the tions are not sufficiently enforced urine, but it has also become clear and it has been difficult to give indus- that the seriousness of symptoms is try incentives to get rid of sulfur connected with nutritional status and dioxide. Third, the currency crisis that skin manifestations in males are occurring at a time of a changing worse than those in females. A high economy makes it difficult to invest frequency of skin manifestations has in industrial environmental mea- also been noticed in children of sures. Lastly, international NGOs are Bangladeshi children meet the researchers. school age. The low-cost removal of negative about the clean use of coal arsenic from water has been en- in China. It is the task of the social trusted to scientists of ETH, while sciences concerned with environmen- The spirit of AGS has continued researchers of MIT are responsible tal issues to overcome such political, unchanged as work continues to for analyzing the dynamics of arsenic economic and administrative barriers widen research fields, to increase in underground water, including and develop a plan to stimulate the boring in various spots. This project, formation of mutual agreement. the number of scholars involved which also involves scientists in and to bring their results into so- Bangladesh, is a new challenge being (Shuichiro Asao, AGS Coordinator in UT) ciety as a whole. met in the name of environmental sustainability.

Alliance for Global progress toward sustainable satisfy societal needs with a Political? What are the solutions to Sustainability development. minimum of energy and material worldwide soil salinization? 2001 Annual Meeting, The meeting will address these flows? 4. A Future for the Climate: Given Lausanne, Switzerland themes in a problem-oriented 2. Emerging Technologies — Criteria the science, what can we say January 14 —17, 2001 manner, beginning with the prob- for Change: How can we cope with about the timing of responses to Draft Agenda lems decision makers are facing rapidly evolving technologies? the challenge of climate change? and then looking at the methods How can we get from an embed- Why is Kyoto not working? Reduc- Working Title: Shaping the Future: which can help to identify and ded infrastructure for meeting ing CO2 emissions by efficiency Tools for Sustainable Development solve these problems. societies’ needs to infrastructure improvements, fuel switching, and supporting technologies that decarbonization, renewables, The working title reflects the over- Main issue-themes to be ad- are more sustainable? What is the demand side management? arching theme of the meeting. dressed: time perspective on long term Panels and workshops will aim to 1. Managing Megacities — The goals in a short term economy? articulate major problems in Urban/Global Link: What are the What is the role of information specific sectors, and identify major challenges of the world’s technologies? strategies, methods, and technolo- burgeoning mega-cities? What is 3. Food and Water for the Future: gies for sustainable development, the link between urban pollution What are the available/necessary with a focus on emerging results of and global environmental threats? tools to address major challenges AGS-supported research. The aim What are the differences — and in water and food production? is to demonstrate the strong similarities-between mega-cities in What are the constraints to meeting linkage that must be made be- the developed and developing global demand for clean fresh tween science and decision- world? How can we manage the water? Are the major challenges making at all levels if we are to metabolism of megacities, and environmental? Institutional?

15 Kashiwa Campus Meeting a New Challenge Kashiwa is being developed as the third campus after Hongo and Komaba. Here we introduce you to the new campus, where buildings are now being erected at a rapid pace, a striking contrast with the tra- ditional nature of the other two campuses.

ashiwa is the third of the University of Tokyo’s campuses (the other two are at Hongo and KKomaba) and it has been built to support a broad range of academic disciplines. It is located outside the metropolitan area some fifty minutes with problems that modern society by express train and bus from Ueno, needs solved: issues concerning such in central Tokyo. It comprises a areas as material, energy, informa- graduate school and research facili- tion, complex science, life, the prop- ties; undergraduates are not taught erties of material, and cosmic rays. there. In the future various research The Kashiwa Campus is intended to centers are planned to move there. be a national center for education As of the academic year 1999 — 2000, a and research in leading-edge scien- building to house two research insti- tific fields. tutes (the Institute for Solid State The Graduate School of Frontier Physics and the Institute for Cosmic Sciences is an independent graduate Ray Research) was constructed, school established in 1998, which is together with a part of one graduate aimed at solving complex problems school (Frontier Sciences). The from an interdisciplinary viewpoint academic fields covered in the and at setting up new academic Kashiwa Campus are all concerned disciplines. It comprises six specialty departments: Advanced Materials

Map of the Distribution of the University of Tokyo (within a 30 km Radius of Central Tokyo) Science, Advanced Energy and Engi- neering, Frontier Informatics, Com-

Kashiwa plexity Science and Engineering, Integrated Biosciences, and Environ- mental Studies. The Hongo Campus The Institute for Solid State Phys- The Kashiwa Campus ics is a facility founded in 1957 for use by the nation as a whole, for both Tanashi the experimental and theoretical Hongo study of the properties of matter. It is r=10 km r=20 km r=30 km Nakano made up of five departments dealing Roppongi Komaba Kemigawa with New Materials Science, Con- Shirokane densed Matter Theory, Frontier Areas Research, Physics in Extreme Condi- The Komaba Campus tions, and the Advanced Spectroscopy Laboratory. The Institute for Cosmic Ray Research is also open to all scholars in Japan, founded in 1976

16 Science Academia

Twenty-one young students from junior and senior high schools in the Chiba and Tokyo areas attended the Satellite School 2000 for Future Scientists at the Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa campus on July 24th and 25th, 2000. This School was held as a joint activity between the ISSP and Chiba Prefecture, as part of a series of lectures for high school students held in various research institutes in the prefecture. The aim of the school was to give opportunities for motivated stu- dents to experience the atmosphere of the most advanced laboratories in the University of Tokyo. Six professors from the ISSP prepared introductory lectures and simple experiments on the following topics: Materials science and super- out of the restructuring of the Cos- variety of events and also public computers mic Ray Observatory. It observes and lectures aimed at lifetime education, Ultra low temperature physics conducts research into neutrinos and the stadium of the Kashiwa Reisol Physics of ultra high magnetic fields other cosmic rays. A number of soccer team, and the Eastern Hospital Lasers: coherent light other research centers are planned to of the National Cancer Center, Materials synthesis: search for new materials assist the structure of next-genera- known for its advanced medical Microfabrication tion general scientific research and it facilities, including a hospice. A is intended that these too will posi- research park is also planned to We hope that many more future tively advance efforts to pioneer new promote developmental research scientists will participate in the next academic disciplines. Basic facilities linked with new-generation industri- School planned for March 2001. and a branch of the university librar- alization. It is anticipated that the ies are also planned for each area of Kashiwa Campus will quickly become research. the center for this hub of regional On the southern edge of the development. It is hoped too that, Kashiwa Campus is the Kashiwanoha with its aspirations for the future and Park, and nearby are located the academic flexibility, the campus will Tokatsu Techno Plaza, the center of become a base from which informa- Chiba Prefecture’s efforts to promote tion will be sent throughout the industry and education, the Chiba world and a new intellectual adven- Prefectural Plaza, which hosts a ture will begin.

High school students doing experi- ments to study properties of superconductivity, the phenomena of conductance without loss which occurs in some metals at low temperatures.

17 Hideo Kuroda Historiographical Institute

Hisaki Matsuura Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

Kenjiro Miyano Graduate School of Engineering

Tomoko M. Nakanishi Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences

The University of Tokyo has more than 4,000 research staff, all working to break new ground in the pursuit of their goals. We introduce eight of them here, world-class scholars in a number of diverse fields, hoping that their achievements and personalities will show the varied nature as well as the excellent results of the research being done at UT. They have been chosen as representative of the UT staff, but not because they are necessarily any different to their colleagues. If you visit our campuses you will meet many fine researchers and teachers, just like those in the sample we introduce here.

Hiroyuki Sakaki Institute of Industrial Science

Tsugitaka Sato Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology

Hiroshi Suzuki Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Tadatsugu Taniguchi Graduate School of Medicine

18 The “Greedy Specialist” My research stems from the history of illustrations as historical documents and in Japanese History medieval development. Postwar Japanese grappled with the problem of the medieval historical studies were dominated by theo- status system as a test case which fully Hideo Kuroda retical research based on the view that demonstrated what was possible. This is Historiographical Institute history was a process of development. In because status at that time was visible. By that environment I conducted fieldwork analyzing the illustrations I was able to using the methodology of historical geogra- grasp medieval popular consciousness in a phy, trying to draw an accurate historical vivid way, and I hope I was able thereby to picture. My study of ta-asobi (rituals in contribute to a broader understanding of which the stages of rice growing are imi- the period. It is not that the new genre of tated by performers moving around a silent sources, of pictorial resources, had drum), an important historical record in grown, but that the way they were used itself which gives a broad picture of medi- changed the way documentary and expres- eval folk movements, the history of agricul- sive sources were read. Their interrelation- tural technology and the history of folklore, ship may be said to have become the initial was well received, because I was able to explosion which triggered a new way of present a very different historical image to dealing with historical documents. what had come before, deriving from the The Center for the Study of Picto- originality both of the subject and the graphical Materials at the Historiographical In his latest work, Nihon Chusei Shoen methodology. Institute has three data bases which are now Ezu no Kaishakugaku (Understanding In 1972 I took up a post in the Historio- able to treat archival material and old Illustrations of Medieval Japanese graphical Institute at the University of documents as pictorial images. So we are Manorial Domains), published in July Tokyo and was put in charge of documents not only reading historical documentary 2000, Professor Kuroda’s research belonging to the formative years of the sources but looking at them through a interests are described as “Japanese early modern period (seventeenth century). pictorial image data base. No longer can we medieval and early modern history, the Stimulated by contacts with the foremost say that the only pictorial material that can historiography of painting, historical scholars in the field, I asked myself what be considered historical documentation is cartography, and historical geography.” was the exact nature of the way the country picture scrolls and other pictures. This shows how broad are the interests was divided administratively into provinces My current research theme, about which of Professor Kuroda, who is actually a and rural districts and so began studying I am very excited, is dragons. I want to scholar of Japanese history. Let us illustrated maps of the provinces. consider the consciousness of medieval hear his own description of how he My interest in historical cartography had people about the land in terms of dragons. came to be what he says a “greedy already sprouted at that time. I then turned Beliefs concerning a dragon deity can be specialist.” my attention to the possibilities inherent in found in every region of Japan. Take dragon caves, for example. Dragons lived in them and they were all connected under the ground. I would suggest that medieval people thought of the land as being riddled with holes, which dragons passed between. Dai-Nihon Jishin no Zu (a picture of dragon) There is also the belief that deep under the Website of Center for the Study of sea lay the palace of the Dragon King. Pictographical Materials (http://www.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/gazo/gazo.html)

19 There are many legends about dragons. Medieval people thought that deities took the form of dragons to lead warriors to victory in war. They may have thought that dragons physically supported the land that was Japan and that Japan itself was at the same time the realm of giant dragons who passed to and fro within it and riddled the earth with holes. The namazu-e (catfish pictures) which appeared during the Tokugawa period (1600 —1867) in connec- tion with earthquakes, originated as pic- tures of dragons.

Multi-Headed Chimera

Hisaki Matsuura Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

A variety of books written by Professor Matsuura

Professor Matsuura graduated from the a multi-headed chimera, for his research well-known Tokyo secondary school, Kaisei interests span French literature, modern School, in 1972 and entered the University Japanese poetry, and the history of film and of Tokyo. After graduating in 1976 he cinematic theory, and the results of this continued on to do his Master’s degree in research have appeared in a large number This summer a professor at the Univer- French literature as a graduate student in of books. In 1995 he received the Yoshida sity of Tokyo featured widely in the the Humanities. The same year he received Hidekazu Prize from the Mito Arts Acad- media, from newspapers to television: a scholarship from the French government emy for his book Efferuto Shiron (Writings Hisaki Matsuura, who teaches in the and went to study for a Master’s in French on the Eiffel Tower), in 1996 the Mishima Department of Interdisciplinary Cultural literature at the University of Paris III. Yukio Prize for his Orikuchi Shinobu Ron (A Studies at the Graduate School of Arts Having taken the degree, he returned to Study of Orikuchi Shinobu) and the same and Sciences. The reason for his fame Japan to finish his graduate study. Then he year the Shibusawa Claudel Prize for his was that he won the 123rd Akutagawa returned to Paris and studied for his doc- Heimenron — 1880 nendai Seio (Questions of Prize for his novel Hana kutashi (“Cor- torate, which he attained in 1981. After his Plane — Western Europe in the 1880s), and in rupt Blossoms”). The Akutagawa Prize return to Japan in 1982 he worked as a 2000 the Minister of Education Prize for his is Japan’s most prestigious literary research associate in the College of Arts and Chi no Teien (Gardens of Knowledge). Truly award and in all its long history, Profes- Sciences at the University of Tokyo, after his research seems constantly to produce sor Matsuura is the first teacher from that becoming a lecturer at the Tokyo awards. the University of Tokyo to have won it. University of Electronics and Communica- The professor is not involved only in This is not the first time, however, that tions. He returned to the University of graduate teaching but is also active in Professor Matsuura has won an impor- Tokyo in 1991 as an associate professor in teaching undergraduates, including first tant prize. In fact it can almost be said the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and second year French, and a variety of that prizes have been well-deserved becoming a full professor in 1998. other subjects. In particular, his research adjuncts to his distinguished academic Professor Matsuura should perhaps be seminar on film is one of the most popular career. called a modern Renaissance Man or rather courses at Komaba and is attended by a

20 great many undergraduates. His lectures follow the tradition of the present President of UT, Professor Shigehiko Hasumi, in their popularity. Perhaps it is in his creative life that his uniqueness becomes apparent. Since he was comparatively young he has been active as a poet, and published his first book of verse in 1982. He has won prizes for his poetry as well, having received the Takami Jun Prize for his collection Fuyu no Hon (The Winter Book) in 1983. In recent years his interest has shifted from poetry to novels and he made his debut as a novelist in 1996 with Mono no Tawamure (The Jest of Things). Finally, with the award of the Akutagawa Prize in 2000 he has become a representative Japanese novelist in name as well as fact. “All these awards just show how medio- cre I am,” he says somewhat cynically, Professor Miyano, the leader of the aims to achieve this type of control, espe- “because I feel my works have too easily Center of Excellence project of the cially with light (photons). been accepted by the establishment. That is Ministry of Education named “Phase “We have so far demonstrated a photo- not necessarily my intention.” His next Control of Spin-Charge-Photon induced conductor (a pulse of light turns challenge is to become a movie director, no Coupled Systems, also a JST (Japan an insulator into a conductor), a photo- less. “Of course I want to try my hand at Science and Technology Corporation) induced insulator (the other way round), film-making. But there are a lot of skills project, is an advanced researcher in and an optical switch (a light pulse makes a necessary and I don’t think becoming a the fields of light and properties of transparent material opaque), to list a few,” director is all that easy. And I certainly materials. He took his Ph.D. in 1974 in he says. “Although the materials have for can’t make a movie just by myself,” he the Department of Physics at North- years been known for their ‘strange and comments. Scholar, critic, poet, novelist — western University (USA). He then often irreproducible behavior,’ with power- Professor Matsuura has many identities. undertook research at University of ful in-house theoretical help, we now have a Perhaps that of movie director is entirely in California, Berkeley, Argonne National fairly solid understanding of these phenom- character. Laboratory, and the Collège de France. ena in terms of ‘orbital liquid-crystalline After working at Tohoku University as state;’ the shape of the electron clouds can an associate professor, he is now collectively move or fluctuate, making the professor of the Department of Applied electrons move or halt.” Physics at the Graduate School of The next goal of the project is to make Engineering. these phenomena happen under more moderate conditions: for example, with Recently he has been chiefly involved in ordinary light, not laser light, and at ambi- Understanding research into so-called strongly-correlated ent temperature, not cryogenic tempera- Electron Movement electron systems. They represent a group of tures. “These results were totally unex- Kenjiro Miyano materials in which electrons are allowed to pected at the beginning of the project,” move through only certain narrow sites in Professor Miyano added. He is sure that Graduate School of Engineering the crystalline lattice in marked contrast to their findings will be the basis for a new ordinary semiconductors or metals. Just paradigm in the electronics of tomorrow. like a crowd of people, tightly compacted Close collaboration among members of electrons can move as a whole or not move the department with expertise in sample at all, hence the name “strongly-correlated preparation, optical measurement and electrons.” One fascinating example of quantum theory is without doubt respon- electron movement as a whole is supercon- sible for the success of the project. Profes- ductivity in which the electric current can sor Miyano also stresses that it is important flow without dissipation. A sudden change for success to create an atmosphere where of electron movement can be triggered by all members of the research team, junior external stimuli and can be controlled. The and senior together, are treated equally and project that he is leading (Phase Control of where their relationships can be borderless. Spin-Charge-Photon Coupled Systems) “This is the only way that a project in

21 materials science, which inherently consists features of a plant is that it always consists in flowers, seeds, and wood disks turned of a collection of sub-fields, small-scale but of various stages of tissue, from meristem out to be very beautiful. They are all prod- of an immense variety, can make an im- to old tissue. Thus there are in one plant all ucts of nature. I studied how seeds grow pact,” he stresses. the stages from a baby to an old person. A inside a pod, and how flower bulbs develop. Professor Miyano’s motto is “it’s no use baby requires a lot of water, but it is always All the same, my interest was always in the if you don’t live life to the full.” He con- losing it! One corn plant contains about 2 root. A plant is sometimes compared to a stantly expresses his wish that all students liters of water and absorbs more than a human being, standing upside down, with do that. “I like wandering about my re- hundred times more water during its life the head stuck in the soil, for the main search laboratory,” he says. He realizes the cycle, which corresponds to about 280 mm sensory organs — the eye, the nose, the importance in an experiment of watching of rainfall. Water in a plant is mainly lost mouth, etc. — are all located in the root. I what is actually going on and is in sympa- from stomata. Though each stoma is fairly analyzed how roots develop, and absorb thy with the sentiment, “Even if I knew I small, a few microns in size, one corn plant water from the soil. Besides two-dimen- was going to die tomorrow, I would plant a has about 200 million stomata, therefore sional images, I constructed spatial images tree today.” Such an attitude typifies the about 1 to 2% of the plant surface is always of the roots imbedded in soil by piling up philosophy of a teacher to whom it is im- exposed to air. hundreds of CT images. From these three- portant to nourish the next generation, and To understand biological activity in an dimensional images, the dynamic activity of who leaves his students with a strong im- intact plant, a nondestructive technique is living roots was studied for the first time. pression of his wide-ranging vision. extremely important. However, methods Besides the neutron study, I am now per- for such in vivo measurements have not forming PETIS (positron emitting tracer been well developed. Since I have been imaging system) to measure real time water performing activation analyses to measure movement, in which 18F-labeled water is elements using a research reactor, I have produced by a cyclotron, and then traced in found that neutrons can be used to produce the plant during water absorption. Bridging the Microscopic a water specific image in living plants. This Various elements are dissolved in water and Macroscopic Realms technique provides the highest resolution as signals; that is, water can be regarded as

Tomoko M. Nakanishi for water in tissue yet obtainable. When I an important medium in the information tried neutron radiography, the water images transferring process. Therefore, I also Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences

1-A 1-B

photo by Takashi Kakinuma

2-A 2-B This year, Dr. Nakanishi received the Saruhashi Prize for the study, “Water and Trace Element Movement in a Plant.” The prize is awarded yearly to one Japanese female scientist who has made an important contribution to the natural sciences. Let’s listen to the explanation of her studies in her own voice. Fig. 1. Neutron image of a soybean root. Neutron image of a soybean root imbedded in soil. Darkness in the picture corresponds to the degree of Water movement plays an important role in water deficiency (A). Three-dimensional image of A, where the height of the image corresponds to the relative biological activity. Though more than 80% water content, degree of lightness (B). of a living cell is water, water content in a Fig. 2. Neutron image of a Japanese cypress (a 10 mm thick wood disk). cell gradually decreases with age; in other Darkness in the picture corresponds to the degree of water deficiency. An overwhelmingly great water distribution near the bark was observed. Water distribution near the bark was not parallel to the annual ring words, aging might be regarded as a water (A). Three-dimensional image of A, where the height of the image corresponds to the relative water content, losing process. One of the most fascinating degree of lightness (B).

22 3 Taming the Winged Horse

Hiroyuki Sakaki Institute of Industrial Science

At present, exploratory studies on nanostructures and quantized elec- trons tamed therein are being con- ducted by a number of researchers at the University of Tokyo, spanning such disciplines as physics, electronics and material sciences. To enhance cross- fertilization and intra-university col- laboration, the networking of related research groups is strongly promoted by using the framework called Nano- Link. In addition, the Ministry of Edu- cation has recently decided to back Fig. 3. Water image of a lily. Darkness in the picture corresponds to the degree of water deficiency. Water distribution in this group research on quantum dots leaf, stem and flower petals are shown. Inside the flower pod the growth of another by providing a generous five-year grant development can be observed. through its Center of Excellence (COE) funding program. Professor Sakaki serves as the leader of this project. A analyzed the element concentration in being. How plants regulate their growth recipient of the 1996 IEEE David every tissue of the plant throughout its life without a central nervous system remains a Sarnoff Award and numerous prizes, cycle. To my great surprise I found tremen- central question for me. he has recently received the Fujiwara dous differences in element concentration Although there has been a tremendous Prize, which has a prestigious history in different tissues, and even in different amount of work at the microscopic level, of more than forty years in the Japa- locations within the same tissue. Some- represented by gene technology, or macro- nese scientific community. times, these concentrations change by an scopic work, like field research, there has order of magnitude. This has made me been relatively little study at the level of The impact of semiconductor electronics is curious to know if we can expect such plant tissues, or whole plant systems. The immense. The advent of the internet, differences in human beings, for example intact plant itself has a high potential to cellular phones, PCs and word processors as between an arm muscle and the foot. In integrate many functions and to respond to well as audio-visual apparatus, brought plants, the gradient of each element was many diverse environmental conditions. forth by advanced semiconductor technol- systematically spread out throughout the Through nondestructive imaging of water ogy, has altered not only modes of human whole plant, and was further separated by in vivo and element movements, I would communication but also the socio-eco- junctions between different tissues. This like to inaugurate a new field of plant nomic framework of the world. gap also appears to vary for different ele- research, not only to reveal new functions Along with these outcomes of innova- ments, and in relation to environmental or evaluate intact systems, but also to find tion, another chain of exciting events has stress. The dynamics of elements in plant ways to bridge the microscopic world of been going on at the frontier of semicon- tissues also suggests that the plant itself is a living plants with that of the macroscopic ductor research. A key phrase here is “tam- great information processing center that world. ing the winged horse of the electron” by may be comparable to a brain in a human leading the horse into the training ground

23 of a semiconductor whose height, width bottom surface of the film like the standing Untiring Pilgrim to and/or length are about 10 nano-meters wave on a violin string vibrating at a spe- Arabic Manuscripts (nm) or 10 billionths (10-9) of a meter. In cific frequencyν1. When infrared light such nano-spaces, an electron follows the with a frequencyνIR enters, this electron Tsugitaka Sato law of quantum mechanics and exhibits its may absorb light (photon) to reach an Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology wave nature, in contrast to the particle-like excited state whereν2=ν1+νIR. An electron that moves freely in a wide open excited electron wave of this type with a space just like a winged Pegasus in the sky. higher frequency (energy) flows out of the Professor Sakaki has played a pioneering film and generates a detectable electric role in this field over the last thirty years; he signal on the outside. This type of photo- has designed and synthesized unique nano- detector, and also new lasers based on the structures and has shown that the taming reverse (inter-level transition) process, can of electron waves in such spaces enables not detect and emit mid-infrared light of 4~20 only drastic improvement in transistors and μm in wavelength and so offer new possi- lasers, but also the creation of innovative bilities in infrared imaging and molecular devices that add new dimensions to elec- sensing, which play important roles in tronics. ecological monitoring and medical diagno- The quantum confinement of electrons sis. is most easily achieved in ultrathin semi- The wave nature of electrons will be conductor sandwich structures, where further enhanced if electrons are confined electrons are bound in the 10 nm-scale in 10 nm-scale wire- or box-like structures, The study of the history of other coun- middle layer. Lasers employed in fiber since the particle-like motion of electrons is tries takes much time and commit- networks and CD pick-ups actually make completely forbidden in such a box, being ment. Scholars have to study perhaps use of such a sandwich, as light is generated allowed only along one axis in a nano-wire. a number of foreign languages, be able efficiently when electrons are injected into The use of these quantum wires and boxes both to analyze and synthesize histori- the central layer. Such 10 nm-scale films (or dots) for the creation of new semicon- cal sources, and learn how to prepare are also used as the core part of high-speed ductor devices has been proposed by Pro- material for scholarly discussion. Pro- transistors, key devices in LSI and advanced fessor Sakaki since 1975. Despite early fessor Tsugitaka Sato has gradually communication systems, since the stream pessimism, a gradual effort has been made, climbed this mountain and has of electrons can be switched on and off and now unique methods of forming such reached the summit of his research most efficiently in such films. wires and dots are being developed. For into the history of the Islamic world. Moreover, 10 nm-scale films have example, 10 nm-scale dots have become opened the door to a set of new quantum available by a self-organized growth scheme devices. One example is an infrared detec- and are now widely employed to construct Serious research into the history and cul- tor invented by Professors Sakaki and Esaki. novel lasers, photo-detectors, and memory ture of the Islamic world began in Japan in In this device, an electron in the film is devices, where the attractive features of the 1970s following the “oil shock.” As well reflected back and forth by the top and fully confined electrons are cleverly used. as being a comparatively young research field, it is one which has shown remarkable vigor and growth in recent years. Professor Tsugitaka Sato has for more than twenty years produced excellent results as a leader in Islamic studies in Japan. He specializes in the history of the pre-modern Arab world, especially the system of land organi- zation called the iqta‘ system in which he is a world authority. This year he was awarded prizes by the Japan Academy in recognition of his research activities, which include the publication (in English) of State and Rural Society in Medieval Islam: Sultans, Muquta‘s and Fallahun (Leiden, 1997). This work resulted from fifteen years of work in Europe and the Middle East inves- tigating manuscripts and printed works. He travels to Damascus, Cairo and Istanbul on almost a yearly basis, visiting their

Example of quantum dots (top) and a series of vibrating wave states (bottom left). libraries and archives to collect and deci- Their density of states (DOS) or available seats are also shown (bottom right). pher historical sources dealing with the

24 iqta‘ system. His study of that system achieve a research style in Islamic studies clarified the relationship between state and that is neither Western nor that of Muslim society in the pre-modern Arab world and scholars, but one that is particularly Japa- changes in that relationship. It is very nese.” The project’s website (http:// gratifying that his painstaking basic re- www.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/IAS) gives notice of search has been highly appreciated. workshops, recruits foreign research fel- Through his efforts, research in the field of lows, and provides the latest information Islamic studies by Japanese scholars has on research reports and other matters. A received attention in academic circles workshop chaired by Professor Sato was around the world. held in Oslo over the summer. In October Professor Sato is now closely involved 2001, he will organize another international with a large-scale, cooperative research conference entitled “The Dynamism of project called “Islamic Area Studies,” as its Muslim Societies: New Horizons in Islamic leader. This five-year project, which is Area Studies.” How energetic he is! supported by the Japanese Ministry of Professor Sato is straightforward in Education, began in 1997 and is now in its character. He delights, when he has the fourth year. More than forty scholars are time, in going to pubs to drink with young working on the project, which has the aim students and debates long and loud with a Professor Sato’s book on the history of iqta‘ system. of establishing a new framework for the glass in one hand. He is a formidable understanding of the modern Islamic world adversary, whether in terms of alcohol or in and creating the research basis for Japanese debate, yet one of the reasons that he has Islamic studies. “Individual-based research fostered a long line of excellent young is the mainstream in the West, but Japanese scholars may be that his unexpectedly fierce are very good at joint, cooperative studies. I out-of-class lessons are so effective! would like to make the most of these mer- its,” notes Professor Sato. “We are aiming to

A folio of Arabic manuscript held in the British Library. Catalogue cabinet, Library of Süleimaniye, Istanbul.

25 Toward Safe and For several years, he has been focus- drug resistant cancerous cells. cMOAT is Efficient Drug Treatment ing particularly on analyzing the composed of seventeen trans-membrane mechanisms by which drugs are trans- spanning domains and two ATP binding Hiroshi Suzuki ported, since they are involved with the cassette regions. Due to a similarity of Graduate School of absorption, tissue distribution and protein structure, cMOAT is also referred to Pharmaceutical Sciences elimination of drugs. as MRP2. The connection between protein structure and substrate recognition and Since it has been shown recently that a transport is also becoming clearer through series of carriers called ATP-binding cas- the introduction of site mutation. Since sette transmembrane (ABC) transporters single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributes to drug excretion from cells, Dr. have also been found in healthy human Suzuki has been analyzing the role of these volunteers, it is possible that genetic poly- transporters in drug disposition, and is now morphism may be a decisive factor in a leader in the field. individual differences in the ability to Although much remains unknown excrete drugs. cMOAT/MRP2 deficiency is about biliary drug excretion, the discovery connected with the onset of the Dubin- has been announced that a canalicular Johnson syndrome in human beings. multi-specific organic anion transporter It was found too that MRPs are made up (cMOAT), an ABC transporter, is located of families of several kinds of protein. In Dr. Suzuki received his Ph.D. in 1989 on the bile canalicular membrane and that fact, MRP3 was cloned as an inducible from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical cMOAT transports a wide variety of or- transporter on the basolateral membrane of Sciences of the University of Tokyo. ganic anions including conjugated metabo- hepatocytes under cholestatic conditions. His major field is biopharmaceutics lites and clinically important drugs. Since MRP3 transports bile acids along and pharmacokinetics. He is conduct- cMOAT was cloned as a homologue of the with other MRP2 substrates, it is thought ing research into the prediction from in multi-drug resistant associated protein that MRP3 is responsible for the cellular vitro data of in vivo drug disposition, (MRP1), another ABC transporter which extrusion of toxic endogenous compounds including interaction between drugs. can be found on the membrane of multi- into the blood under pathological condi- tions. Further analysis showed that the brain endothenial cells and small intestinal Cellular extrusion of epithelial cells have MRP activity, which substrates mediated by MRP2/cMOAT restricts the movement of drugs to the brain and the intestinal absorption of their substrates respectively. It may be possible to modulate drug disposition by inhibiting the function of these efflux transporters. Dr. Suzuki is currently studying the molecular cloning of de no vo MRP family proteins expressed in the blood-brain barrier, intestinal epithelium and cisplatin resistant tumor cells, and analyzing both the mechanisms for the inducing and intracellular sorting of transporters and the synergistic role of metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters. These studies, together with SNP analysis, are closely related to de no vo drug development and to the safe and efficient treatment of patients. Dr. Suzuki gets much pleasure from educating students who are forward-look- ing and who enjoy responding to chal- lenges. Since research to some extent reflects the character of the researcher, he feels it is important to extend his graduate students’ individuality. His own interests include photography, classical music, opera and art.

26 Front-runner in interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene, encoding the Harvard over twenty years ago. He is also Cytokine Study molecule critical for the proliferation of an avid baseball fan, supporting the lymphocytes, and so a central regulator of Hanshin Tigers. Tadatsugu Taniguchi the immune system. His researches led to a Dr. Taniguchi’s discoveries led to the Graduate School of Medicine major breakthrough in cytokine research, clinical application of cytokines to a num- making it possible to discuss the role of ber of diseases including cancer, infectious cytokines in various aspects of biological diseases and autoimmune diseases. Never- activities using the language of biochemis- theless, he emphasizes that the basics of try. science are to discuss and to understand the In 1984, Dr. Taniguchi moved to Osaka true nature of a phenomenon. “What is University, where he and his colleagues required for us now is to establish science as made a number of important discoveries a culture on an international basis,” he says. about intracellular signaling mechanisms, “We have to appreciate the idea of growing how IL-2 induces proliferation and the a tree with a large trunk and deep, wide activation of T lymphocytes. They also roots, and not a tree that produces fruits identified two molecules that regulate the instantly. I am convinced that the establish- production and action of IFNs, IRF-1 and - ment of an academic system with a long- 2. These molecules have now been shown range perspective will produce more fruit- to be associated with a number of impor- ful rewards, as well as brilliant scientists in Dr. Taniguchi has continued to be one tant biological aspects including cancer the next generation.” of the front-runners in cytokine re- development, resistance to viral infection, The human genome project will shortly search at the molecular level for twenty and development of the adaptive immune reveal the entire DNA sequence of the years. Dr. Taniguchi and his colleagues system. In 1995, Dr. Taniguchi moved to human genome, opening a new era for have published literally dozens of the University of Tokyo, where he contin- biological science and making a strong papers in prestigious journals such as ued to work actively on the complexity of impact on our society. What will be the Nature, Science and Cell. Dr. the networks on cytokine production and role of life science after that? “I have a Taniguchi has already received many action. feeling, “ says Dr. Taniguchi, “that a new awards, including the Hammer Prize, Dr. Taniguchi’s personal history is paradigm, or a framework of thought, to the Behring-Kitasato Prize, the Milstein unique. He was born in 1948 in a small understand the ‘complexity of life’ is re- Award, the Robert-Koch Prize, the village in Wakayama. Of all his classmates quired. We have to communicate more Asahi Prize and the Japan Academy at elementary school, he was the only one with researchers in different fields, includ- Prize. that subsequently graduated from a univer- ing social sciences and humanities, and to sity. At the age of 24, he joined the Labora- develop a new field of research, which may Cytokines, a group of molecules that medi- tory of Biological Chemistry, the University be called ‘Integrative Bioscience’.” This is in ate cell-to-cell interactions, play a crucial of Naples in Italy, as a research fellow. fact congruent with what is already being role in virtually all aspects of biological There he was inspired by many scientists discussed worldwide these days. activity. Some cytokines and their inhibi- and artists (Mario del Monaco, Maurizio Dr. Taniguchi also feels that it is very tors have been introduced as treatment Pollini, etc.), and, not only did his life there important that integrative bioscience be modalities against diseases such as cancer lead him to learn Italian, but also led him to developed with emphasis on its full integra- and rheumatoid arthritis. However, until decide to devote his life to research. His tion into society. How to move forward to twenty years ago, cytokines were considered friendships are not restricted to the scien- this goal is something that we all must to be ‘factors’ contained in the culture tific community; for example, he has been consider. supernatants of unknown molecular char- friends with Mr. Yo-Yo Ma since his stay at acteristics, even by the investigators, and most cytokine research described phenom- enological aspects. After obtaining his Ph.D. degree in Molecular Biology at the University of Zurich, he started research on interferons, which have anti-cancer and anti-virus activities, in the Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research. He exten- sively introduced a molecular biological approach in the field of cytokine research, and succeeded in discovering the interferon β (IFN-β) gene in 1979, the first of many Professor T. Taniguchi cytokine genes to be discovered afterwards. with Professor K. Ishizuka, Professor T. Tada Subsequently, he also discovered the and young colleagues.

27 The MAGNUM Project

The Graduate School of Science conducts comprehensive research within basic fields of the natural sciences like phys- ics, chemistry, biology and geology. From among the great number of deeply interesting projects that the school is carry- ing out, we have selected the Magnum Project to introduce here. This is a large-scale project which seeks to map the very limits of the universe.

MAGNUM is an acronym for Multi-color The disk of accreting matter in the central with the observed brightness, gives the Active Galactic Nuclei Monitoring. With region is extremely hot, and any dust in this luminosity distance. The evidence of this the cooperation of the University of Hawaii, region evaporates. Outside this hot region, effect can be seen in the existing observa- the MAGNUM Project has installed a 2 m the dust is distributed in a concentric torus tional data. telescope on the 3055 m summit of surrounding the central accretion disk. The MAGNUM Project will measure the Haleakala on the Hawaiian Island of Maui, Since the evaporation temperature of time delay between fluctuations in the short where the atmosphere is clear and stable, the dust is known to be about 1500K, the wavelength light emitted by the hot providing good conditions for astronomical distance of dust torus from the nucleus is nucleus, and the fluctuations in the long observations. The aim of the project is to proportional to the square root of the wavelength light emitted by the cooler dust, determine redshift independent distances to absolute luminosity of the nucleus. X-rays, in order to determine the absolute luminos- galaxies throughout the visible volume of ultraviolet rays and optical radiation emit- ity, and thus, the distance, of many active the universe by using long term measure- ted from the hot nuclear region are ab- galaxies and quasi-stellar objects. Over the ments of the light emitted from active sorbed by the dust, and infrared rays are next several years this project will carry out galactic nuclei in the ultraviolet, optical and emitted from the heated dust. When the high precision monitoring observations near infrared wavelength bands. The MAG- nucleus changes in luminosity, after a delay with the aim of resolving the greatest mys- NUM telescope is instrumented with a in time corresponding to the distance tery of modern cosmology, by discovering multi-color imaging photometer (MIP) and between the nucleus and the dust torus, the whether or not the expansion of the uni- a wide field camera (WFC), both newly infrared rays will change in luminosity. verse is eternal and if Einstein’s cosmologi- developed for the MAGNUM Project. The Thus, the time delay gives a measure of the cal constant truly exists. MAGNUM telescope is a facility of the absolute luminosity and, when combined Research Center for the Early Universe, affiliated with the Graduate School of Science of the University of Tokyo, and is one of the largest telescopes in the world dedicated to monitoring observations. Will the universe continue to expand forever, or will it contract at some stage? A central question remaining in the current theory of the universe is what will be the final condition of the present-day expan- sion. To answer this, it is necessary to accurately determine the distances to the remotest objects in the universe that we are able to observe. The MAGNUM Project is pioneering a completely new method for determining distances to remote active galaxies and quasi-stellar objects using their luminosity fluctuations. A black hole in the center of an active North polar star trails at the MAGNUM Observatory on Haleakala, Maui. A 30 min galaxy or quasi-stellar object accretes the exposure at f/2.8 using Fuji MS100/1000 film surrounding matter, emitting great energy. by T. Aoki, 22 July 2000.

28 The University of Tokyo has at present thirteen graduate schools, ten faculties, eleven Institutes, and twenty-four research centers. Insights into UT Here we introduce distinctive aspects of education and research as they are being developed in these varied facilities.

Abroad in Komaba

The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Komaba) under- takes interdisciplinary research and teaching which are not restricted by pre-existing structures, from area studies and comparative literature to multidisciplinary sciences and life sciences.

Students entering the University of Tokyo Komaba undertakes interdisciplinary re- general are on the increase. There were 395 spend their first two years at the College of search and teaching which are not restricted on the campus as a whole as of May 1, 2000, Arts and Sciences at Komaba in Meguro, by pre-existing structures, from area studies and they are making a valuable contribu- one of the wards of Tokyo. The first year and comparative literature to multi-disci- tion to the atmosphere of the College of and a half consists of six units divided plinary sciences and life sciences. Arts and Sciences with their youth and between the humanities and the sciences One program at Komaba which illus- enthusiasm. during which they study basic subjects, trates its concern with internationalism is general subjects and then special subjects. AIKOM (Abroad in Komaba). This is a In the final six months they continue the short-term (one-year) study-abroad above, together with subjects from the and student exchange program faculty they wish to enter in the third year. which can be undertaken during the The College of Arts and Sciences is not only last two years of the undergraduate in charge of the first two years of under- course. Seventeen universities in graduate education, but conducts programs twelve countries are accredited and spanning the humanities and the sciences at about twenty-five students are the third and fourth year level and post- involved each year. The exchange is graduate level (Graduate School of Arts and based upon mutual tuition wavers Sciences). More than 7000 students are and credit transfer. Third and registered for the general studies course fourth year students from Komaba covering the first two years (junior divi- and its partner universities are the sion), around 450 at the third and fourth targets for the exchange. Exchange year level (senior division) and 1200 at the students (called AIKOM students) postgraduate level. This makeup exempli- who have come to Komaba for the fies the diversity of the Komaba Campus. year have their own program, con- The college was set up in 1949 as part of sisting of special courses taught in the restructuring of the university after the English, including special “relay” Second World War. It has responded to lectures and discussion seminars on changing needs and times since then by Japanese culture and society, courses positively reforming its structure and on specific topics, and regular curriculum until it has become what we see courses in the Japanese language. today. Its greatest feature is that its entire There is also individual supervision teaching staff is attached to the Graduate to guide students who are writing School of Arts and Sciences so that research research theses. All of these lectures, results affect not only the third and fourth other than Japanese language and year courses, but the two-year general individual supervision, are open to education course as well. The teaching and students in the senior division of the research of the graduate school offers a college. AIKOM students too can, broad range of academic studies with an depending on their interests and international perspective. Whereas the Japanese ability, attend regular faculties based at the Hongo Campus are lectures in the senior division. organized around a traditional framework, Foreign students at Komaba in

29 Super-Kamiokande Detector

Kamioka Observatory of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research possesses the Super-Kamiokande detector, which is 1000m underground and utilizes 500,000 tonnes of ultra-pure water, mainly for observation of the “mystery” particle, the neutrino.

The Institute for Cosmic Ray Research the close observation of electron-neutrinos difficult for the Japanese graduate students conducts research into cosmology and made by nuclear reactions in the sun’s core. at first, but after about two years they get particle physics through the observation of This is an attempt to resolve the long- used to it. At the same time, as some of the particles and rays such as protons, gamma standing solar neutrino problem (the Americans are fluent in Japanese, the Japa- rays, neutrinos and gravitational waves. number of electron-neutrinos observed nese cannot relax completely speaking their Since such observation needs optimum coming from the sun is only about half the own language! conditions, it is undertaken in places like number converted from the sun’s heat high plateaus and deserts, and also deep energy). 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation underground. The Institute’s Kamioka Natural phenomena know no rest and so Leptons electron muon tau electron-neutrino muon-neutrino tau-neutrino Observatory possesses the Super- observation continues for twenty-four Quarks up quark charm quark top quark Kamiokande detector, which is 1000 m hours a day, 365 days a year. There are down quark strange quark bottom quark underground and utilizes 500,000 tonnes of three shifts a day, with one or two people ultra-pure water, mainly for observation of working each shift. Shifts must be worked A diagram of elemental particles. This corresponds with the periodic table of elements. The elemental particles can the “mystery” particle, the neutrino. The if researchers want their names on the be grouped into four, while three groups exist based on experiments are conducted through a joint published results. There is no difference differing mass alone. Matter is formed only from electrons, up quarks and down quarks, all in the first group. In the effort; involving are around seventy Japa- between research leaders and graduate universe as a whole there should also exist a large quantity nese, including postgraduate students, students. Because of the international of electron-neutrinos, muon-neutrinos, and tau-neutrinos. It is not known why the universe requires three groups of about fifty Americans, and also some Kore- nature of the project, meetings and other elementary particles. Research into neutrinos may provide ans and Poles. The Institute for Cosmic communication are in English. This is an answer to that mystery. Ray Research acts as the host institution. Observations began in April 1996. The General outline of the Super-Kamiokande detector (above). phenomenon known as neutrino oscillation Interior section of the Super-Kamiokande was apprehended for the first time, from a detector. close observation of muon-neutrinos which cosmic rays make in the atmosphere. As a result, it was proved conclusively that though the mass of tau-neutrinos is minute, it is finite. In order to push for- ward with this research, an experiment was A photo of the sun taken by neutrinos conducted whereby muon-neutrinos pro- (computer image) duced artificially by the High Energy Accel- erator Research Organization, KEK at Tsukuba, were detected by the Super- Kamiokande detector 250 km away. This was the first time anywhere in the world that an experiment had been made sending particles such a long distance. The results of the observation of atmospheric neutri- nos are already in the process of being verified. Another important item of research is

30 The University of Tokyo has at present thirteen graduate schools, ten faculties, eleven Institutes, and twenty-four research centers. Insights into UT Here we introduce distinctive aspects of education and research as they are being developed in these varied facilities.

Toward New Research on Asia The Institute of Oriental Culture will continue to strive to for- ward research into and education about Asia as a whole, as its research guidelines lay out, and endeavor to meet the de- mands that society makes of it.

This year, as we look toward the twenty- of expedition reports, 89 volumes in the first century, the Institute of Oriental Cul- Asian Studies Documentation Series, 139 ture celebrates its sixtieth year. It is one of volumes in the Memoirs of the Institute the smaller institutes attached to the Uni- Series, and 80 volumes of the journal, versity of Tokyo, but it has produced many Oriental Culture. Besides the individual eminent scholars, including one who has research reported in the Monograph Series, been decorated with the Order of Culture, a total of 274 scholars from both within six Persons of Cultural Merit, and ten who and outside the institute make up 47 re- have won Japan Academy Prizes. It is search groups. highly esteemed as Japan’s only, and one of Reflecting the fact that the institute is a the world’s few, such institutes, and con- comprehensive research center, members of Some of the volumes published by the institute displayed in the Director’s office of the institute. ducts broad-based research into Asian the staff come from six different faculties They total more than four hundred, and range from politics, economics, society and culture. To and assist five graduate schools in the the most advanced research to reference works to aid research. They represent basic works in Asian commemorate its sixtieth anniversary, two university with lectures. The institute is Studies. publications are planned, a work for the conscious of its wide-ranging and positive general reader called An Introduction to role in postgraduate education, and also Asian Studies and a book for specialists in participates in the newly-established Inter- the field entitled The Future of Asian Stud- faculty Initiative in Information Studies. ies. The Research and Information Center for The institute, then consisting of three Asian Studies is continuing to survey, study, departments, was set up in 1941 with the collect and publish both documentary and purpose of conducting comprehensive formative materials. For the past twenty research into oriental culture. It now years courses have been offered on Chinese consists of thirteen subdepartments orga- books, as has librarian training. nized into four broader departments based The institute’s logo is an abstract design Among the modern and classical Chinese works in on research areas, Pan Asian Studies, East based on the ancient Chinese style of writ- the institute’s collection of more than 300,000 Asian Studies, South Asian Studies and ing the character which means “east.” The books, is an important Song dynasty printing of Sima Qian’s Historical Records. It is over eight West Asian Studies, and twenty-one re- whole represents the world; the blue arc on hundred years old. Catalogues include the search fields. In 1999 the existing Docu- the right is Asia and the green arc on the Catalogue of Classical and Modern Chinese Books in the Institute of Oriental Culture, Classified mentation Center for Asian Studies was left is the rest of the world; the vertical red Catalogue of Contemporary Chinese Books, and a closed down and replaced with the Re- straight line is the line of longitude, and the database. search and Information Center for Asian green one the line of latitude, or the hori- Studies, made up of three subdepartments, zon; and the center where they intersect, the focusing on documentation, formative heart of the logo, is the institute, as the The logo mark is used with the materials and visiting fellows. The institute center for global research on Asia. institute’s name and therefore now consists of four departments The institute will continue to strive to address in English and Japanese on the and one center. forward research into and education about home page, as a The number of research publications Asia as a whole, as its research guidelines lay letterhead and on airmail envelopes. It alone attest to the academic vigor of the out, and endeavor to meet the demands was designed by the institute: 75 volumes in the Monograph that society makes of it. well-known graphic designer Shigel Series of the Institute (MSIOC), 32 volumes Shimo’oka.

31 UT News in Brief 2000

Japanese youngsters. The emphasizing that the “war- candidates, numbering 8464, ranty” of any bachelor’s degree who had already passed the first is effective for just three or five ■ The seventh general meeting of the AGS (Alliance for Global stage examination, competed years after graduation. Sustainability) was held in for admission through the Boston at MIT. Eighty mem- famously narrow gate, and just bers of UT, including President 2923 were admitted. Shigehiko Hasumi and Vice- president Masahiko Kobayashi, ■ Start of the new academic took part in the meeting (see year. pages 10 —13). ■ The second entrance examina- ■ The university’s matriculation

■ UT Forum 2000 was held at tion for undergraduate students ceremony was held on the 12th. MIT’s Wong Auditorium on the took place on the 13th and 3324 freshmen began their Campus stands on a site that in 24th. Seven members of UT 14th. Out of 1617 candidates, participation in the activities the Edo period belonged to specializing in natural sciences 351 were successful. and campus life of UT. 2494 Kaga-han, one of the foremost talked on topics related to their Japanese students and 186 feudal lords. Numerous his- areas of specialization. This ■ Commencement for the aca- foreign students were admitted torical artifacts have been event represents the first initia- demic year 1999 was held for to graduate school courses at discovered by the consecutive tive of any Japanese university 3368 undergraduate students the Master’s level. 1193 Japa- archaeological studies con- in holding such a self-introduc- on the 28th, and on the 29th nese students and 182 foreign ducted on the site of the an- tory session outside of Japan. the degree conferral ceremony students entered doctoral cient palace. We will continue with this kind was held for more than 3000 courses. of effort to introduce ourselves graduate students. In his con- abroad (see pages 6 — 9). gratulatory statement, President Hasumi advised the new gradu- ates to remain flexible and open to change by making use of new encounters with others, while

■ The entrance examination for graduate students in the hu- manities was held.

■ The first entrance examina- tion for undergraduate students was held from the 25th to the ■ Establishment of the Interfac- ■ The 73rd Student May Festival 27th. This examination may be ulty Initiative in Information was held from the 26th through one of the most challenging for Studies and the Graduate the 28th at the Hongo Campus. School of Interdisciplinary About 57,000 people came to Information Studies. This is the campus to enjoy it. the university’s thirteenth

graduate school. ■ UT Emeritus Professor Masatoshi Koshiba, together with his American colleague, Professor R. Davis, was hon- ored by being awarded the Wolf ■ University Museum Exhibi- Prize for the year 2000. The tion: Revisiting Lord Kaga’s prize was awarded in recogni- Palace, Archaeological site at tion of achievements in the UT Hongo Campus (from May field of physics. 20 till July 9). UT’s Hongo

32 UT News in Brief 2000

sities. The main theme of the of Japanese Plants. A series of ■ Symposium of the Graduate camp being “urban problems,” associated events were also held School of Interdisciplinary ■ Start of the summer holidays. students visited Tokyo’s various to commemorate the 400th Information Studies: A Chal- urban facilities, attended lec- anniversary of the relationship lenge for the Interfaculty Initia- ■ “Open Campus 2000” was tures and energetically dis- between Japan and the Nether- tive. held for the first time at the cussed the issues. lands. Hongo Campus. Nearly three ■ Komaba Festival. hundred senior high school students, selected by lottery, came to the campus, listened to lectures given by two profes- ■ End of the summer vacation. sors, and visited the main ■ A series of special lectures library, the university museum, ■ The entrance examination for given by Professor Susumu and some historic buildings. graduate students in graduate Tonegawa at MIT, a Nobel Prize This event provided the stu- schools in social sciences and in winner, was held from the 4th dents with a good opportunity the natural sciences was held. to the 7th. in which to learn about UT before making decisions about their futures.

■ The Graduation Ceremony for foreign students learning Japa- nese at the International Center was held. Language courses at several levels are offered to ■ UT Symposium, “The 21st introduce foreign students to Century: How can the circula- the Japanese language and tory society be realized,” was culture. held at Yayoi Auditorium. ■ UT Forum 2000 in Silicon Valley and the Bay Area. A session on the Future of Life Science and Biomedical Re- ■ The AEARU (Association of ■ Komaba Symposium: The search in Universities was held East Asian Research-oriented Image of the University in the at Stanford University’s Universities) Students’ Summer 21st Century. Fairchild Auditorium on the Camp was held in Tokyo. UT is 15th. one of the founding members of this association, which is ■ University Museum Exhibi- composed of seventeen univer- tion: Von Siebold’s Collection

33 The University of Tokyo

7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan URL: http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp