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Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 53, NUMBER 6 CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY No. 6.-0LENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF THE MESONACID/E With Twenty-Two Plates CHARLES D. WALCOTT (Publication 1934) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AUGUST 12, 1910 Zl^i £orb (gaitimovt (pnee BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY No. 6.—OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF THE MESONACID^ By CHARLES D. WALCOTT (With Twenty-Two Plates) CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 233 Future work 234 Acknowledgments 234 Order Opisthoparia Beecher 235 Family Mesonacidas Walcott 236 Observations—Development 236 Cephalon 236 Eye 239 Facial sutures 242 Anterior glabellar lobe 242 Hypostoma 243 Thorax 244 Nevadia stage 244 Mesonacis stage 244 Elliptocephala stage 244 Holmia stage 244 Piedeumias stage 245 Olenellus stage 245 Peachella 245 Olenelloides ; 245 Pygidium 245 Delimitation of genera 246 Nevadia 246 Mesonacis 246 Elliptocephala 247 Callavia 247 Holmia 247 Wanneria 248 P.'edeumias 248 Olenellus 248 Peachella 248 Olenelloides 248 Development of Mesonacidas 249 Mesonacidas and Paradoxinas 250 Stratigraphic position of the genera and species 250 Abrupt appearance of the Mesonacidse 252 Geographic distribution 252 Transition from the Mesonacidse to the Paradoxinse 253 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 53, No. 6 232 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Description of genera and species 256 Nevadia, new genus 256 weeksi, new species 257 Mcsonacis Walcott 261 niickwitzi (Schmidt) 262 torelli (Moberg) 264 vermontana (Hall) 264 Elliptocephala Emmons 267 asaphoides Emmons 269 Callavia Matthew 274 bicensis, new species 2.TJ broggeri (Walcott) 279 burri, new species 280 callavei (Lapworth) 282 cartlandi (Raw) (MSS.) 282 crosbyi, new species 284 ? nevadensis, new species 285 Holmia Matthew 286 kjerulfi (Linnarsson) 288 lundgreni ( Moberg) 290 rowei, new species 292 Wanneria, new genus 296 ? gracile, new species 298 halli, new species 301 walcottanus ( Wanner) 302 Paedeumias, new genus 304 transitans, new species 305 Olenellus Hall 311 argentus, new species 314 canadensis, new species 316 ? claytoni, new species 319 f rcmonti, new species 320 gigas Peach 323 gilberti Meek 324 gilberti, variety undetermined 331 lapworthi Peach 331 logani, new species 333 reticulatus Peach 335 thompsoni (Hall) 336 thompsoni crassimarginatus, new variety 340 ? walcotti (Shalcr and Foerstc) 341 ? sp. undt. Sweden 341 ? sp. undt. Scotland 342 Peachella, new genus 342 iddingsi (Walcott) 343 Olenelloidcs Peach 345 armatus Peach 347 Alphabetic list (arranged by genera, subgenera, and species) of the forms now placed in the Mesonacidae, as they occur in the literature, with the present reference of each.. 351 Ribliography 372 Description of plates 380 I ndex A2X . OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID-E 233 INTRODUCTION This paper was first planned to include the descriptions of the new genera and species of the Mesonacidae that had been collected by me or under my direction since the publication of the memoir on the Olenellus fauna in 1891 [Walcott, 1891]. When the material was assembled, I wrote to my friend, Prof. Atreus Wanner, of York, Pennsylvania, asking if he had any new material. In response he sent me a beautiful series of specimens showing the growth of the dorsal shield of Pccdcnmias transitans and specimens of Wanncria walcottanus with a large spine on the fifteenth segment. I also found in the collections from central Alabama a very interesting series of specimens of the yotmg cephalons of Padcnmias and Wanncria. The result has been that I have reviewed and discussed the family Mesonacidse and illustrated the known genera and species more or less fully. When in 1891 I proposed to use the term Mesonacidse [Walcott, 1891, p. 635] I thought it a better selection than to propose Olenel- lid?e and so stated. Vogdes [1893, p. 254] evidently misunderstood my intention and used the term Olenellidffi. Later Moberg [1899, p. 316], evidently without knowing of Vogdes' use of the term, pro- posed to use 01enellid?e, as he thought it did not conflict with Oleni- dae. Lindstrom [1901, p. 12] simply followed Moberg. The term Olenellidae is a good one, but ]\Iesonacidfe has priority, and also the genus Mesonacis is much more typical of the family than the genus OlcncUus; the latter is the last phase of the evolution of one branch of the family, while Mesonacis illustrates the stage in which the marked characteristics of most if not all of the genera are present. Mesonacis vermontana' (Hall) was founded on a specimen preserv- ing the cephalon and a portion of the thorax [Hall, 1859, fig. 2, p. 60] In 1886 I found this form was essentially similar to Olenellus thomp- soni [Walcott, 1886, pi. 24, fig. la] back to the fourteenth segment, but that the fifteenth segment instead of being a telson was a thoracic segment with a long median spine. Posterior to the fifteenth seg- ment there were ten segments with short pleural lobes and a plate- like pygidium [pi. 26, figs, i and 2]. For this strange form the genus Mesonacis was proposed [Walcott, 1885, p: 328], and I [Wal- cott, 1886, p. 166] concluded that the telson of Olenellus thompsoni was represented in Mesonacis by the fifteenth segment and the pos- terior segments and pygidium. Subsequently other specimens were found with segments posterior to the fifteenth [pi. 26, fig. 3], and one large specimen [see pi. 33, fig. i, and pi. 24, fig. 12] that had ; 234 SMITHSONIAN MISCFXLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 three very short rudimentary segments and a plate-like pygidium beneath the great spine on the fifteenth segment." These specimens convinced me that Olenelliis thonipsoni passed through a Mcsonacis stage before becoming a typical OlcncUits. I put the specimens away in hopes that others would be found throwing more light on the problem. In the collection made by Dr. Charles Schuchert at York in 1896 an otherwise typical form of Olencllus tliompsoni 40 mm. in length was found to have four rudimentary segments and a py- gidium beneath the spine on the fifteenth segment, but it was not until 1909 when Prof. Atreus Wanner sent me a large series of specimens showing young stages of growth, also adults with from two to four rudimentary segments posterior to the fifteenth spine bearing segment that sufficient material was available to definitely conclude that Olenellus thompsoni passed through a Holmia, a Mes- onacis, and a Pcsdeumias stage of development, and later became a typical 0. thompsoni with a terminal telson by the absorption of certain rudimentary segments and a plate-like pygidium. FUTURE WORK It is exceedingly desirable that more collecting should be done in the Lower Cambrian formations of the Reval region of Russia in Finland; and in the various localities in Sweden, Norway, and England. I am sure that important information in relation to the Mesonacidse would be secured by a systematic search for more and better material. In America we will continue the work in 1910 in western Newfoundland and the Straits of Belle Isle, and in British Columbia and Alberta, and another season will be spent in Nevada and California. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am greatly indebted to Prof. Atreus Wanner, Superintendent of Public Schools at York, Pennsylvania, for very generously per- mitting me to study and illustrate the material in his collection.' Prof. H. Justin Roddy, of the State Normal School at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, permitted me to examine the collection he had made in Lancaster County, and loaned me specimens, and both he and Professor Wanner took me over the areas from which they collected specimens in central Pennsylvania. Dr. Job. Chr. Moberg, of the ^ This form is now included in Pccdcuviias transitaiis. " Professor Wanner has since presented to the United States National Museum the specimens illustrated and described in this paper. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF IMESONACID^ 235 University of Lnnd, Sweden, sent me casts and specimens of the species described by him. Dr. B. N. Peach most kindly guided me to the Loch Maree locahties in northwest Scotland and, by the per- mission of the Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Dr. J. Home, in charge of the Scottish Survey, sent me the material in the collections of the Geological Survey and the Royal Scottish Museum at Edinburgh. Mr. Frank Raw of the University of Birm- ingham sent me photographs and plaster casts of the specimfens de- scribed by him from the Comley sandstone of Shropshire, England. Dr. John M. Clarke, of the New York State Survey, loaned me the Ford specimens of EUiptocephala asaphoides, and Prof. George H. Perkins, State Geologist of Vermont, sent me the material in the State Survey collections from western Vermont. The Director of the Geological Survey of Canada kindly loaned the specimens in the Survey Museum. Among the collectors who have assisted in obtaining the material studied I wish to mention Mr. William P. Rust, of Trenton Falls, New York, and Dr. Cooper Curtice, of Moravia, New York, both of whom worked in the town of Georgia, Vermont, and in Washington County, New York. Also Mr. F. B. Weeks, Mr. Henry Dickhaut, and Mr. T. E. Williard, of the U. S. Geological Survey. The material of value from Alberta and British Columbia was principally collected by Mrs. Walcott and myself during the summer of 1909. To all I return my sincere thanks, and if I have omitted to men- tion any who may have given assistance T trust that they will accept an apolog}^ for my unintentional neglect. Order OPISTHOPARIA Beecher Order Opisthoparia Beecher, 1897, American Journ. Sci., 4th sen, Vol. 3, p. 187. (Defined as below.) "Free cheeks general!}^ separate [but not in the Mesonacidre], always bearing the genal angles. Facial sutures [when not in a state of synthesis] extending forwards from the posterior part of the cephalon within the genal angles, and cutting the anterior margin separately, or rarely uniting in front of the glabella.
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