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Cutting Edge 3D Display Technology Optical Hardware

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Cutting Edge 3D Display Technology Optical Hardware Cutting Edge 3D Display Technology Optical Hardware Jukka-Tapani Mäkinen | 3/2017 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland 3D Display and Rendering Technology will play a pivotal role in powering Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, VR Devices and Experiences. The purpose of this report is to collect the State of Art (SoA) optical hardware currently used in the feld of 3D display technology. The frst part of the document presents some basic background information on the human visual perception and its effects to the 3D display technologies. The second part lists existing 3D display types and briefy explains the optical hardware used in them. The third part of the document is focused on emerging 3D display optical hardware technologies with main emphasis on Light Field (LF) and Holographic techniques. InterDigital.com About InterDigital lnterDigital, Inc., designs and develops advanced technologies that enable and enhance mobile communications and capabilities. Founded in 1972, our engineers have designed and developed a wide range of innovations used in mobile technology products and networks that include 2G, 3G, 4G and IEEE 802-related products and networks. For more than four decades, lnterDigital has been a pioneer in mobile technology and a key contributor to global wireless standards. Our team of more than 150 engineers-nearly 75 per cent of whom hold advanced degrees, including nearly 50 PhDs-has unparalleled expertise in major mobile connectivity and content delivery technologies. Since 2000, lnterDigital has spent close to $900 million on technology research and development. The company’s activities are organized around the concept of the Living Network: a future where intelligent networks self-optimize to deliver service tailored to the content, context and connectivity of the user, device or need. About Innovation Partners Innovation Partners is InterDigital’s technology sourcing initiative based on partnerships with leading technology frms, innovators and research organizations worldwide. Innovation Partners recognizes the importance of partnerships to capitalize on opportunities to expand the company’s research and development efforts in response to the evolution of the mobile technology industry. For more information, please visit www.innovation-partners.com. About VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd is the leading research and technology company in the Nordic countries. The centre’s research and innovation services give their partners, both private and public, all over the world a competitive edge. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd paves the way for the future by developing new smart technologies, proftable solutions and innovation services. For more information, please visit www.vttresearch.com. InterDigital | Goggleless AR & VR Project 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Defnition of a perfect 3D display ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Depth perception and depth ques .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Human visual perception ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 Vergence-accommodation confict (VAC) .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.2 Vestibular-visual confict (motion sickness) ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Classifcation of 3D display solutions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.1 Differences between head mounted and goggleless 3D solutions ............................................................................................ 10 1.4.2 Single user vs. multiple users ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10 1.4.3 3D display types with different form-factors ......................................................................................................................................... 11 2. AR and VR systems with glasses ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Head-mounted devices ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 2.1.1 Immersive VR systems ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Smart glasses ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.3 Retinal projection displays .............................................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.1.4 See-through displays ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.5 Advanced AR goggles: HoloLens and Magic Leap ............................................................................................................................ 17 2.1.6 Display based on sparse OLED matrix ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.7 Displays based on contact lenses ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Multiplexed systems with single display ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 2.2.1 Spatially multiplexed systems ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Temporally multiplexed systems ................................................................................................................................................................. 21 3. Goggles-free 3D displays ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Parallax-based systems............................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.1 Parallax barriers ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.2 3D multiview displays based on moving parallax barriers ............................................................................................................. 23 3.1.3 Lenticular sheets ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24 3.1.4 3D multiview displays made with multiple projectors ..................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.5 Moving lenticular and LC lenses ................................................................................................................................................................ 26 3.1.6 Directional backlight displays ...................................................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Volumetric displays ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.1 Persistence of vision displays...................................................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.2 Multi-planar systems ......................................................................................................................................................................................
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