DOCSLIB.ORG

Electronic Databook. 3Rd Ed 1983

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Electronic Databook. 3Rd Ed 1983 RED DOT. f^l.38102 8219407 G757E3 $ GRAF, RUDOLF F. RED DOT 8219407 G757E3 Q / GRAF, RUDOLF F. ELECTRONIC DATABOOK. 3RD ED 1983. REFERENCE BOOK‘S FOR USE IN LIBRARY ONLY Seattle Public Library S e e e keep the°above ^ dfte die ca rd in ELECTRONIC DATABOOK 3RD EDITION Packed with vital, up-to-date facts on every aspect of electronics practice ... for hobbyists and professionals! BY RUDOLF F. GRAF mm ELECTRONIC DATABOOK 3RD EDITION BY RUDOLF F. GRAF Hi tR R621. 38102 G757E3 TAB BOOKS Inc. TAB BLUE RIDGE SUMMIT PA 17214 kbiuesotce NOV 0 1985 To My Mother and Father Material appearing in Definitions of Integrated Circuits, Logic, and Microelectronics Terms is reprinted by permission of Insulation/Circuits, May, 1982. Copyright Lake Publishing Corporation, Libertyville, IL 60048 THIRD EDITION SECOND PRINTING Copyright © 1983 by Rudolf F. Graf Printed in the United States of America Certain portions of this work copyright © 1 974 and 1 971 under the title Electronic Design Data Book by Rudolf F. Graf. Reproduction or publication of the content in any manner, without express permission of the publisher, is prohib- ited. No liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information herein. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Graf, Rudolf F. Electronic databook. Includes index. 1. Electronics— Tables. 2. Electronics— Graphic methods. I. Title. TK7825.G68 1983 621 .381 '021 '2 82-19407 ISBN 0-8306-0138-4 ISBN 0-8306-1538-5 (pbk.) Contents v PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 1. FREQUENCY DATA of this spectrum that are of particular interest to The entire electromagnetic spectrum is presented . Then portions the electrical and electronic engineer are described in greater detail. 18 2. COMMUNICATION with propagation characteristics, modes, stan- Information useful in all segments of communication, starting line, and waveguide characteristics and perfor- dards, and transmission data is given. Antenna, transmission standards, signals, signal report- mance data are presented. Modulation and international telecommunications given, as is information on microphones. ing codes, radio amateur data, and emission information are also 70 3. PASSIVE COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS capacitors are covered and their charac- Resistors, amplifiers, attenuators, filters, inductors, transformers, and tabulations of modern filter designs based teristics and applications are treated in depth. Computer-calculated on network synthesis are given. 4. ACTIVE COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS 16Q Vacuum tubes, semiconductors, and integrated circuits are covered. Circuit configurations are given in which these components are employed together with definitions of integrated circuit, logic, and microelectronic terms A tabulation that shows the characteristics of integrated circuit logic families currently in use is given. sensor Solid-state characteristics and semiconductor memories are covered. 5. MATHEMATICAL DATA, FORMULAS, SYMBOLS 220 6. This section covers reliability; mathematical signs, symbols, operations, and tables; charts and formulas- prefixes; geometric curves; solids; spherical as well as plane geometry; and trigonometry. Frequency and phase e relatl0 nshl Ps for recurrent wave forms are given. Power and voltage level determinations in signalsSi’ circuits? are explained.i Letter symbols for all quantities encountered in the electronics, electrical field are defined. This section concludes with a comprehensive selection of conversion factors PHYSICAL DATA 300 This section covers the most often needed physical data and includes, among other items, laser radiation motors, radioactivity, optical data, sound, incandescent lamps, cathode ray tubes, crystals, color codes relav contact code, military nomenclature, atmospheric and space data, chemical data, plastics, temperature and humidity tables, energy conversion factors and equivalents, wire data, hardware, shock and vibration coolinq ’ y data, and characteristics of materials. INDEX 400 Preface This revised and expanded edition includes a great deal of new material that has come to light since the second edition was published. The filter section has been thoroughly updated and now includes computer-generated tabulations of modern filter design based on network synthesis. This major entry was especially prepared for this book by Mr. Ed Wetherhold, whose contribution I most gratefully acknowledge. F. Raymond Dewey for giving so unselfishly I also wish to thank my friends and colleagues Rich Myers and of their time to review and comment on the previous edition of this work and for generously sharing with me much of their private source material. The word knowledge brings to mind the staggering body of facts and data accumulated by mankind since his descent from the trees. Once, thousands of years ago, it was possible for a man to know all that his kind had discovered. But, time has added so greatly to our reservoir of wisdom, that knowledge, today, has assumed another meaning: knowing where to find the information needed. This book humbly admits to being my attempt at simplifying the task of the busy engineer, technician, amateur, and student in locating the data he needs in the shortest possible time. Gathered here, in one single volume, is a wealth of information in the form of timely and practical nomograms, tables, charts, and formulas. Some of the material was available elsewhere, at some time or other, but never has all of it been gathered together under one cover. New and heretofore unpublished charts and nomograms are added because of what seemed to me an obvious need for such material. The book is arranged in a most readily usable format. It contains only clear-cut, theory-free data and examples that are concise, accurate, and to the point. The user of this book will be looking for answers and he will find them, without having to fight his way through lengthy derivations and proofs. In order to assist you in finding the data you seek, the book has been divided into six functional sections. That organization, together with a comprehensive index, quickly leads to the specific information needed. The v book maintains uniform terminology and format which assures that data found in one section can be easily and accurately related to those in the rest of the book. Much new and up-dated material has been added to this current edition of the book. It has been my intention (and certainly my hope) that this new material makes the book still more useful and comprehensive. The preparation of a reference book such as this is not possible without the cooperation and assistance of numerous industry sources who have so generously made their material available. I gratefully acknowledge, with special thanks, the contributions and critical efforts of Messrs. George J. Whalen, Arthur E. Fury Rene Colen, and B. William Dudley, Jr. If this book saves you many hours of tedious computations and search for information, it will indeed have served its intended purpose. The author and publisher invite your comments and suggestions regarding any such other material as might have been included it here, so that may be considered for any subsequent edition or revision. vi Acknowledgments of material Acknowledgment is made to the following organizations and publications who have permitted use during the preparation of this book. originally published by them. I appreciate their cooperation Alpha Metals, Inc.: page 390. Operating Manual The American Radio Relay League: pages 55-58, 60, 65 (all from The Radio Amateur’s , © 1969). Automatic Electric Company: pages 236-237, 238, 267 (all from Tables and Formslae). Centralab Division of Globe-Union, Inc.: page 99. Clairex Electronics, Inc. (and J. R. Rabinowitz): page 307. Computers & Data Processing News: page 227. Conrad, Inc.: page 358. Design News: pages 244-245 (Nov. 1963); 248 (March 1967); 250 (Feb. 1959); 286 (March 1958; 361 (Sept. 1959); 385 (June 1967); 401 (Sept. 1975). 1 (Nov. 1 968); 80 (Nov. 1 968); 91 EDN: pages 27 (Nov. 1 968); 47 (Sept. 1 963); 51 (June 1 964); 49 (Nov. 968); 69 (Nov. (May 1967); 101 (Sept, 1966); 108 (Nov. 1965); 109 (Apr. 1959); 115 (Jan. 1962); 150 (Oct. 1966); 157 1 1 1 (Nov. 1 234 (July 1 959); 254 (May 1 968); 256 (Dec. 966); 1 961 ); 1 59 (Sept. 1 966); 81 (Sept. 962); 225 963); 383 (Aug. 1978). 263 (March, 1977); 284, 285 (Oct. 1960); 311 (Nov. 1962); 312 (Nov. 1962); 365 (May 1963); Electric Hotpack Company, Inc.: page 360. 327, 328, Electronic Design: pages 87 (July 1956); 102, 103 (March 1959); 171 (Aug. 1981); 304 (Sept. 1966), 329, 330 (May 1966). (June The Electronic Engineer, pages 29 (Nov. 1956); 32, 33, 34 (Jan. 1968); 36 (Nov. 1967); 37 (Oct. 1963); 46 1961); 110, 111, 113 (Jan. 1948). Electronic Equipment Engineering: pages 24 (July 1958); 148 (Aug. 1963). (from EIA- Electronic Industries: page 156 (May 1966). Electronic Industries Association: pages 166-170 Manufacturers NEMA Standards," © 1966 By Electronic Industries Association and the National Electrical Association). VII Electronic Products: page 190 (June 1982). Electronics: page 372, 373 (April 3, 1975). Electronic Tube and Instrument Division of General Atronics Corporation: page 331. Electronics World: pages 42 (June 1965); 98 (Dec. 1964); 100 (Dec. 1964); 211 (1959)- ’ 214 (SeDt 1963V 252-253 (1962); 265, 266 (July 1961); 349 (Nov. 1969). Franzus Company: pages 398-399. The Garrett Corporation: pages 340-343. General Electric Company: pages 152-155, 162-165. General Radio Company: pages 44, 45. Hudson Lamp Company: page 319 (from Hudson Lamp Company Catalog) Industrial Research, Inc.: pages 149 (March 1959); 228-231 (Apr. 1960) (all from Electro-Technology) Instrument Systems Corporation: page 377. Insulation— Circuits: pages 192-205 (May, 1982). Kepco, Inc.: page 366. Kim Lighting, Subs, of Kidde Co.: page 346. Lenkurt Electric Co., Inc.: page (from 26 Lenkurt Demodulator “Carrier and Microwave Dictionary") Machine Design: page 326 (July 1970). P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc.: pages 83, 318 (“Minimum Detail that the Human Eye Can Resolve”)M(both from MYE Technical Manual, © 1942). Martin Marietta Corporation: page 303. Measurements and Data: page 357.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title TESTING TECHNIQUES USED IN THE QUALITY SELECTION OF RCA 6810 MULTIPLIER PHOTOTUBES Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jv0v3kb Author Kirsten, Frederick A. Publication Date 1956-10-16 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ' TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Diuision, Ext. 5545 BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California. · UCRL- 3430(rev.) Engineering Distribution UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Radiation Laboratory Berkeley,. California Contract No. W -7405-eng-48 • •·l TESTING TECHNIQUES USED IN THE QUALITY SELECTION OF RCA 6810 MULTIPLIER PHOTOTUBES .
    [Show full text]
  • Iii. Modern Electronic Techniques Applied to Physics and Engineering
    _~__~~n~~____ I_~__ III. MODERN ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING A. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROWAVE ACCELERATOR Staff: Professor J. C. Slater Professor A. F. Kip Dr. W. H. Bostick R. J. Debs P. T. Demos M. Labitt L. Maier S. J. Mason I. Polk J. R. Terrall Since the last progress report, primary emphasis has been on con- struction of additional lengths of accelerating cavity and the associated equipment necessary for operation. Primary design work has been finished on all components necessary for operation of the accelerator and most com- ponents are in the process of being assembled. The following items include recent developments and design details which have not been mentioned earlier. Delivery on the 2-Mev Van de Graaff machine is expected at an early date. A pulsing circuit to modulate the electron beam from the Van de Graaff machine has been designed and built. Since this circuit is to be placed in the dome of the machine at high pres- sure, all component parts have been subjected to 400 lb/in2 pressure to ensure that they have the necessary strength. Machining work on the one-foot accelerator sections is essentially completed. Assembly and brazing of the parts are now in progress. The final design for the 20-foot accelerator tube has been slightly modified in that it has been divided into three sections which are isolated from each other rf-wise by short drift tubes which act as waveguides beyond cut-off. The primary purpose of this procedure is to allow for tuning each section to optimum frequency independently.
    [Show full text]
  • Liste Des Tubes À Vide Il S'agit D'une Liste De Tubes À
    Liste des tubes à vide Il s'agit d'une liste de tubes à vide ou vannes thermo-ioniques et basse pression tubes remplis de gaz ou tubes à décharge . Avant l'avènement des semi-conducteurs périphériques, des centaines de types de tubes ont été utilisés dans l'électronique grand public et industriels; aujourd'hui seuls quelques types sont encore utilisés dans des applications spécialisées. Table des matières 1 chauffage ou notes filament 2 embases de tube 3 systèmes de numérotation 3.1 systèmes nord-américain 3.1.1 système RMA (1942) 3.1.2 système RETMA (tubes recevant, 1953) 3.1.3 Chiffre systèmes uniquement 3.2 systèmes d'Europe occidentale 3.2.1 système Marconi-Osram 3.2.2 système Mullard-Philips 3.2.2.1 tubes standard 3.2.2.2 tubes de qualité spéciaux 3.2.2.3 tubes professionnels 3.2.2.4 tubes Transmission 3.2.2.5 Phototubes et des photomultiplicateurs 3.2.2.6 stabilisateurs 3.2.3 systèmes Mazda / Ediswan 3.2.3.1 ancien système 3.2.3.2 tubes de signaux 3.2.3.3 Puissance redresseurs 3.2.4 STC / Brimar système de réception des tubes 3.2.5 Tesla système de tubes de réception 3.3 système de normalisation industrielle japonaise 3.4 systèmes russes 3.4.1 tubes standard 3.4.2 tubes électriques à très haute 3,5 tubes désignation Très-haute puissance (Eitel McCullough et ses dérivés) 3.6 ETL désignation des tubes de calcul 3.7 systèmes de dénomination militaires 3.7.1 Colombie-système nommage CV 3.7.2 US systèmes de dénomination 3.8 Autres systèmes chiffre uniquement 3.9 Autre lettre suivie de chiffres 4 Liste des tubes américains, avec leurs
    [Show full text]
  • 7.4 UV, Visible and Near IR Detectors
    7.4 UV, Visible and Near IR Detectors • in the photoelectric effect light ejects an electron from a metal surface • a vacuum phototube converts a light flux into an electrical current, and is useful for detecting high levels of light • a photomultiplier converts a single photon into a current pulse, and is useful for detecting low levels of light • photodiodes are based on the promotion of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band of semiconductors, and are useful for detecting both high and low levels of light 7.4 : 1/8 Photoelectric Effect • because metals contain free electrons they can absorb UV, visible, and near IR radiation • if the energy of the absorbed photon is greater than the ______ ________ of the metal, an electron is ejected into the vacuum • the energy of the photon equals the work function of the metal plus the kinetic energy of the electron hc1 hc =+mv2 ωλ = λ 2 0 ω where ω is the work function, and λ0 is the wavelength that just barely ejects an electron • alkali metals are commonly used in detectors metal Li Na K Rb Cs ω 2.9 eV 2.75 2.3 2.16 2.14 λ0 428 nm 451 539 574 579 • mixtures of alkali metals can give λ0 as high as ______ nm • because __________ energy can combine with optical energy, the onset of photo-ejection is gradual 7.4 : 2/8 Vacuum Phototube A metallic surface with a low work function is placed inside an evacuated tube. When light interacts with the metal, electrons are photo-ejected.
    [Show full text]
  • 118 Bernards Radio Manuals 5
    § i PRACTICAL 118 voor de Historie v/d Radio iSHB 130. BERNARDS RADIO MANUALS 5/ ■ ■ tUOTHEEK N.V.H.R, i PRACTICAL F.M. CIRCUITS FOR THE HOME CONSTRVCTOR by R. Deschepper BERNARDS (PUBLISHERS) LTD. THE GRAMPIANS WESTERN GATE LONDON, W.6 General Editor Walter J. May First Published in Great Britain, February, 1955. First published in France under the copyright title “ Schemas de recepteurs pour la modulation de “ frequence,” by Societe des Editions Radio, 9, Rue Jacob, Paris (6e) i i ; i i iii THE FREQUENCY MODULATION ERA From its infancy Broadcasting has been considered to fulfill the primary function of conveying to very large audiences the sounds produced in front of the microphone or held in store in the form of recordings. In the early days, the possibility of picking up distant stations appealed strongly to the first amateurs. Long distance records used to be claimed on all sides, and the ‘‘last word” in 1925 was to “receive America.” Although in this way sen­ sitivity came into the foreground among the principal qualities demanded from a receiver, the density of the traffic through the ether soon brought up the critical problems of selectivity. However, up to 1930, radio remained the privilege of a small group of enthusiasts, since the installation, maintenance and control of a receiver layout (comprising, besides the receiver itself, a frame aerial, a loud speaker, a filament battery together with its charger, and an H.T. battery eventually to be replaced by a “battery eliminator”) necessitated a certain amount of technical knowledge and more than a little patience.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Thethermionic Tube / Valve / Vacuum
    History of theThermionic Tube / Valve / Vacuum Tube – Page 1 The following notes have been assembled by Phil (VK5SRP) from original material and material from several web sites, including Wikipedia for a class run at the North East Radio Club, South Australia January 2016. In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or just a tube (North America), or valve (Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container. Vacuum tubes mostly rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or a cathode heated by the filament/heater. This type is called a thermionic tube or thermionic valve. A Photo-tube, however, achieves electron emission through the photoelectric effect. Not all electronic circuit valves/electron tubes are vacuum tubes (evacuated). Gas-filled tubes are similar devices containing a gas, typically at low pressure, which exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases, usually without a heater. Although thermionic emission was originally reported in 1873 by Frederick Guthrie, it was Thomas Edison's 1883 investigation that spurred future research, the phenomenon thus becoming known as the "Edison effect". Edison patented what he found, but he did not understand the underlying physics, nor did he have an inkling of the potential value of the discovery. It wasn't until the early 20th century that the rectifying property of such a device was utilised, most notably by John Ambrose Fleming, who used the Diode tube to detect (demodulate) radio signals. Lee De Forest's 1906 "Audion" was also developed as a radio detector, and soon led to the development of the Triode tube.
    [Show full text]
  • A Relatively Simple Device for Recording Radiation Intensities in The
    A RELATIVELY SIMPLE DEVICE FOR RECORDING RADIATION INTENSITIES IN HE ULTRAVIOLET PORTION OF THE SPECTRUM by HENRY WALLACE HENDRICKS A THESIS submitted to OREGON STATE COLLEGE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE June 19S0 APPROVED: Professor of Physics In Charge of Major Chairman of School Graduate Committee Dean of Graduate School ACKN OWLEDGMENT Sincere appreciation and thanks are expressed to Dr. Weniger for his interest and assistance in the preparation of this thesis. TABLE OF CONThNTS a ge I NTROD[JCTION . ..... , . i Statement of . Problem . i Some Basic Information about Ultraviolet, Sun and Sky Radiation, Its Biological Etc. Effectiveness, . 1 INSTRUMLNTS FOR RECORDING ULTRAVIOLET INTENSITIES . 3 DESIGNOONSIDERATIONS. ... .. .. The R e e e i y e . r ....... The . Receiving Circuit . 9 The R e c o e . rd r . 9 . ThePowerSupply . .10 EX>ERIMENTAL . 1)EVELOPMENT . 11 THE FINAL CIRCUIT AND . 7OER SUPPLY . 16 PREPARATION AND SILVERING OF THE QUARTZ PLATES . 20 THERECEIVERUNIT..................23 TESTOFAPPARATtJS . .26 Adjustment8 . 26 Results and Conclusions . 27 . Data . 3]. BILIOGRAPHY . 37 LIST OF ILLUBTRATIONS Figure Page J. Spectral Sensitivfty of the S Photocathode 6 2 OriginalCircuit . 12 3 First Vacuum Tube Circuit . 12 Lj. Variation of the Counts per Minute with Filament Voltage . 11i The Final Circuit . ........ 17 6 The Power Suoply, Counter and Receiver . 22 The 7 Receiver ............... 2)4. 8 Step-diagram from Data ObtaIned on MaylO,l9O ............. 28 9 Step-diagram from Data Obtained on Mayll,l9O ............. 29 10 Step-diagram from Data Obtained on Mayl2,l95O ......... .. 30 A RELATIVELY SIMPLE DEVICE FOR RECORDING RADIATION .LNTENSITIES IN T}IE ULTRAVIOLET PORTION OF THE SPECTRUM INTRODUCTION Statement of Problem The purpose of this thesis is to develop a more or less portable aiaratua that will measure ultraviolet energy in or near the erythemal region.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlled Dynamics of Laser-Cooled Ions in a Penning Trap
    Controlled Dynamics of Laser-Cooled Ions in a Penning Trap Eoin Seymour Gwyn Phillips December 2004 Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial College Abstract I report on a scheme for improved control over the motion of small numbers of laser-cooled ions in a Penning trap. This work is part of a larger project to assess the suitability of the Penning trap for quantum information processing (QIP). Laser cooling of ions in this type of trap is complicated by large Zeeman shifts of the cooling- and repumping-transition wavelengths from those in zero mag- netic field. Lasers can not, therefore, be tuned to the unshifted atomic spectral lines using an external reference such as a hollow-cathode lamp. In order to address this difficulty I built a wavemeter with a precision of one part in 107 for direct tuning of the lasers to the transition wavelengths. It was also necessary to improve the laser-frequency stabilities by building reference cavities to which they could be locked. In evaluating the suitability of the Penning trap for QIP, one must address the poor localisation of the ions due to the difficulty in cool- ing one of the radial motions: the magnetron motion. I have implemented a technique called axialisation that reduces this motion's amplitude by coupling it to the other radial motion: the modified cyclotron motion, which is efficiently laser-cooled. This was done with small clouds of magnesium ions and later with small clouds of calcium ions.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Product Fisting
    Richardson "' Electronics, Ltd. Master Product fisting Part #and Description Guide • Electron Tubes • Semiconductors r Electron Tubes Part Description Part # Description Part # Description LCMG-B X-Ray Tube 2AS15A Receiving Rectifier QB3.5/750GA Power Tetrode QEL1/150 Power Tetrode 2AV2 Receiving Tube 6163.5/750/6156 Power Tetrode CCS-1/Y799 CC Power Tetrode 2822 Planar Diode QBL3.5/2000 Power Triode PE1/100/6083 Power Pentode 2B35/EA50 UHF Diode W3/2GC TWi C1A Thyratron 2694 Twin Tetrode W3/2GR TWi GV1A-1650 Corona Voltage Reg 2BU2/2AS2A/2AH2 Receiving Tube 61QV03/20A UHF Twin Tetrode CE1A/B Phototube 2C36 UHF Triode QQE03/20/6252 UHF Twin Tetrode 1A3/DA90 Mini HF Diode 2C39A Planar Triode QQE03/12/6360A Twin Tetrode 1AD2A/1BY2 Receiving Tube 2C39BA Planar Triode OE3/85A1 Voltage Regulator C1 B/3C31 /5664 Thyratron 2C39WA Planar Triode OG3/85A2 MIN Volt Regulator 1B3GT/1 G3GT Receiving Tube 2C40A Planar Triode QB3/200 Power Tetrode 1B35A ATR Tube 2C43 Planar Triode QB3/300 Power Tetrode 1658A TR Tube 2C51/396A MIN Twin Triode QB3/300GA Power Tetrode 1859/R1130B Glow Modulator 2C53 High Voltage Triode T83/750 Power Triode 1B63B TR Tube 2CW4 Receiving Tube OA3NR75 Voltage Regulator 1885 Geiger-Mueller Tube 2D21 Thyratron OB3NR90 Voltage Regulator 1BQ2IDY802 Receiving Rectifier 2D21W/5727 MIN Thyratron OC3NR105 Voltage Regulator 1C21 Cold Cathode 2D54 Receiving Tube OD3NR150 Voltage Regulator 1D21 /SN4 Cold Cathode Dischg 2E22 Pentode OB3A Receiving Tube 1G3GT/ 1B3GT Receiving Tube 2E24 Beam Amplifier OC3A Voltage Regulator 1G35P Hydrogen Thyratron 2E26 Beam Amplifier OD3A Voltage Regulator 1HSGT Recv.
    [Show full text]
  • The Design and Construction of an Automatic Spectroscope a Thesis in Electrical Engineering
    THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC SPECTROSCOPE A THESIS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Zackie D, Reynolds Approved Texas Technological College May, 1951 Tp: DESIGN AND CQNSTEUCTION OP AN AUTOMATIC SPECTROSCOIE A THESIS IK ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Submitted to the Faculty of the Division of Graduate Studlea of Texas Technological College in Partial Fulfillment of t^e Requirennts for the Degree of MASTER OP SCIENCE Zaokie D» Reynolda, B. S« It Lubbock, Texaa May, 1951 ACKNOTIXEDGSMENT Ihe aulhor hereby expresaea hie appreciation to the m9sft)era of his Oliesls Committee, Professors C, £• Houston, chairman, H, A. Spuhler, and v . i:. Craig, ^o have given helpful criticism and suggestions in the preparation of t^is paper* La particular, appreciation la expreaaod to Dr« Craig, Professor of Chemistry, for providing the opportunity of working on this project, for his much needed moral support, and for hia assistance in coordinating the spectrographic science with the electronic* in U TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction •••••••••••••••• 1 1* Principls of Operation ••••• 9 2. The Spectroacope • • • • • • • • • 14 3, The Multiplier Phototube 21 4« The Power Supplies • 30 Theoretical Considerations Specific Construction Requiremonts Circuit resign The High Voltage Supply IhB / 250 Volt Supply 5* The Sequence and Timing Control •••••• 54 6. The Amplifiers • •••• 65 7* The Recordera • 76 8« Teated Operation and Suggested Improvementa 80 Bibliography • • 65 ill IHTRODUCTIOH 2 In 1666,^ Sir laaao Newton first separated white light into a band of colors with a prism* In 1814, v • H. V.oHas­ ten observed spectral lines, and In 1859, 0, l • Klrchhoff and R. Bunsen made the first practical spectroscope.
    [Show full text]
  • Valve Type Numbers
    Valve Type Numbers The information in this document has been gathered and assembled from various sources including Radio Bygones magazine No. 9 (February/March 1991). Pro-Electron/Mullard Code This are probably the most commonly encountered numbering system in the UK - and the most informative. It consists of two or more letters followed by a number (normally two digits). Examples - UL41, ECC85, UABC80. The first letter gives heater rating: Character Heater Rating A 4V B 180mA C 200mA D 0 - 1.5V (previously 1.4V) E 6.3V F 12.6V G Misc. (previously 5V) H 150mA K 2V L 450mA P 300mA T 7.4V U 100mA V 50mA W 600mA X 450mA The remaining letters give the types of device in the valve. They are normally listed in alphabetical order. Character Device Type A Signal Diode B Double Diode C Signal Triode D Power Triode E Signal Tetrode F Signal Pentode H Hexode or Heptode (Hexode type) K Octode or Heptode (Octode type) L Output Tetrode or Pentode M Magic Eye (Tuning Indicator) N Gas-filled Triode (Thyrathon) Q Nonode X Gas-filled Full-wave Rectifier Y Half-wave Rectifier Z Full-Wave Rectifier The first digit indicates the base type. Where there is only one digit this is assumed to be the second digit, and be preceded by a zero. For example, EM4 should be interpreted as EM04. Digit Base Type 0 and 1 Miscellaneous Bases (P-Base, Side Contact etc) 2 B10B (previously B8B/B8G (Loctal)) 3 International Octal (8-pin with centre locating spigot) 4 B8A (8 pin with locating pip on side) 5 B9G and B9D (wire ended) 6 and 7 Subminatures 8 B9A (9-pin glass) 9 B7G (7-pin glass) The remaining digit(s) are used to differentiate between valves that would otherwise have identical numbers:- • One digit for early valves • Two figures for later entertainment valves • Three or Four figures for later professional types GEC Code (also used on Marconi and Osram valves) This consists of one or two letters followed by a number (normally two digits).
    [Show full text]
  • RF Phototube, Optical Clock and Precise Measurements in Nuclear
    Radio Frequency Phototube, Optical Clock and Precise Measurements in Nuclear Physics Amur Margaryan Yerevan Physics Institute after A.I. Alikhanian Yerevan, Armenia Abstract Recently a new experimental program of novel systematic studies of light hypernuclei using pionic decay was established at JLab (Study of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic Decay at JLab, JLab Experiment PR-08-012). The highlights of the proposed program include high precision measurements of binding energies of hypernuclei by using a high resolution pion spectrometer, HπS. The average values of binding energies will be determined within an accuracy of ~10 keV or better. Therefore, the crucial point of this program is an absolute calibration of the HπS with accuracy 10-4 or better. The merging of continuous wave laser-based precision optical-frequency metrology with mode-locked ultrafast lasers has led to precision control of the visible frequency spectrum produced by mode-locked lasers. Such a phase-controlled mode-locked laser forms the foundation of an optical clock or “femtosecond optical frequency comb (OFC) generator,” with a regular comb of sharp lines with well defined frequencies. Combination of this technique with a recently developed radio frequency (RF) phototube results in a new tool for precision time measurement. We are proposing a new time-of-flight (TOF) system based on an RF phototube and OFC technique. The proposed TOF system achieves 10 fs instability level and opens new possibilities for precise measurements in nuclear physics such as an absolute calibration of magnetic spectrometers within accuracy 10-4 - 10-5. 1. Introduction The binding energies of the Λ particle in the nuclear ground state give one of the basic pieces of information on the Λ-nucleus interaction.
    [Show full text]