Event Tourism JTCT 2009 Vol
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Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends Event Tourism Volume II, No. 2, 2009 1 Douglas Michele Turco , Mihaela Sofia Dinu 2 Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends Event Tourism Volume II, No. 2, 2009 &EU EDITURA UNIVERSITARÃ Bucureºti 3 Douglas Michele Turco , Mihaela Sofia Dinu Technical editing: Ameluþa Viºan Cover: Marian Dobre Published by: Editura Universitarã, Bucureºti Copyright © 2008. Romanian American Association of Project Managers for Education and Research (RAAPMER) No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any meansgraphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systemswithout the written permission of the RAAPMER. Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, author acknowledgements constitute an extension of the copyright notice. Protected by OSIM, F/0327/30.09.2008 National Library Cataloging - in Publishing Description JOURNAL OF TOURISM CHALLENGES AND TRENDS Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends Volume II, No. 2, 2009 - Bucureºti: Editura Universitarã ISSN 1844-9743 4 Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends JOURNAL OF TOURISM CHALLENGES AND TRENDS Editor in Chief: Mihaela Sofia Dinu Romanian-American University, School of Domestic and International Tourism Economics Editorial Board: Ibrahim Murat ATALAY, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey Dan BÃLTEANU, Institute of Geography, Bucharest, Romanian Academy Doriano CASTALDINI, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Adrian CIOACÃ, Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania Lóránt DAVID, Károly Róbert College, Gyöngyös, Hungary Frédéric DIMANCHE, Center of Tourism Management, CERAM Sophia Antipolis, European School of Business, France ªtefan DOMBAY, Babeº Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Nirvana Mohamed M. HARAZ, Sinai High Institute for Tourism & Hotels, Cairo, Egypt Ion IANOª, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania Said LADKI, Business School, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon Joseph LEMA, Drexel University, Pennsylvania, USA Gabór MICHALKÓ, Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Emaad MUHANNA, Sinai High Institute for Tourism & Hotels, Cairo, Egypt Tamara RÁTZ, Kodolanyi Janos University College, Tourism Department, Sekeszfehervar, Hungary John SAEE, School of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia Michael SOFER, Bar-Ilan University, Tel Aviv, Israel Douglas Michele TURCO, Drexel University, Pennsylvania, USA Alexandra ZBUCHEA, National School of Political and Administrative Studies, Bucharest, Romania 5 Douglas Michele Turco , Mihaela Sofia Dinu Editorial Scientific Secretary: ªerban Dragomirescu Editing Team: Olivia-Mariana Radu Elena Vãduva Proofreading Mihaela Ana Istrate Presentation Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends (JTCT) aims at providing both professionals and academics with an overview of theories and practices in the tourism industry, while focusing on challenges and trends currently manifest throughout the world. Equal interest and attention will be given to both established tourism destinations and to areas only now making a name for themselves on the market. JTCT is a bi-annual publication of the Romanian-American Association of Project Managers for Education and Research. The Journal accepts for peer revision both papers presented at international events which have not been yet submitted for publishing, and original article proposals submitted directly to the editorial board. Subject coverage Topics suitable for JTCT cover a wide range of issues, among which but not exhaustively, the following: • In the field of tourism studies: ecotourism; rural tourism and agro-tourism, cultural tourism, event and sports tourism, mountain tourism, etc. • In related or cross-disciplinary areas: sustainable development and globalization; human resource management and training; PR, advertising and branding in tourism; innovation and technological advances in the hospitality industry, etc. • Case studies and best practices, specific national policies and legislation, analysis of regional and resort development. Address [email protected] http://journalTCT.wordpress.com 6 Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends FOREWORD The world economy is under the spell of a long economic crisis. All segments of business are adversely affected, the disposable income of the population at large is on a decline curve. An aggravating factor is the outbreak of the influenta viruses, whose psychological impact is deeply felt. Consequently, the tourism industry is among those which took a serious hit. But in our modern times, a crisis no matter how deep, does not automatically lead to a complete halt of the business as it was the case during depressions in 30s of the last century. While saving on the non-essential living expenses, people still go places as witnessed by the data published by the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer (interim report, September 2009). After a peak of 540 mil international arrivals for the 2008 Jan-July period, the corresponding period of 2009 marked down to a total of 500 mil. For the whole year 2009, some estimates indicate a total of 850 mil international arrivals, down more than 8% from the all times peak of 922 in 2008. Looking at the bright sides, one could note that notwithstanding the fall, the international tourism is hovering at above 800 mil arrivals, a very respectable level. Once the crisis will be subdued, the psychological level of 1 billion inter- national arrivals is within reasonable reach. The current issue of the Journal highlights one substantial segment of the tourism, namely the events triggering the tourism. There is at least one rea- son for encouraging such a study - the tourism flow they generate makes tourism more predicable in terms of volume and it absorbs better the shocks of the economic crisis. Mihaela Dinu Editor-in-chief 7 Douglas Michele Turco , Mihaela Sofia Dinu 8 Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends CONTENTS 11 The Economic Significance of a Mountain Tourism Events: The Case of the 2009 Ice Climbing World Cup Finals in Buºteni, Romania Douglas Michele TURCO, Mihaela Sofia DINU 21 The Japanese influence on Hawaiis largest sporting event, the 2008 Honolulu Marathon Joseph LEMA, Jerome AGRUSA 29 A mega-event inside the Great Wall of China: expectations and possible impacts of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Pedro MOREIRA 39 Assessing the socio-cultural impact of special events: frameworks, methods, and challenges Danuta DE GROSBOIS 53 Characteristics of conference tourism at large lakes in Europe and suggestions for development at Lake Balaton Region, Hungary Horvath ZOLTÁN 71 Commonwealth Games 2010 and destination branding Balaji VENKATACHALAM 91 Components for infrastructural development basis for sports event Commonwealth Games 2010 New Delhi Aparajita Dutta ROY, Alka MAHESHWARI 101 Events and tourism: an environmental approach and impact assessment Lóránt DÁVID 115 Employees value anticipation in event management Kate FORMADI, Peter MAYER 129 Using website as an interactive marketing tool and its implication on hotel e-sales in Egypt Taha Ahmed TAREK 141 The role of international sporting events in the place marketing activity of Debrecen (Hungary) Gábor KOZMA, Zoltán DANY 9 Douglas Michele Turco , Mihaela Sofia Dinu 10 Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF A MOUNTAIN TOURISM EVENT: THE CASE OF THE 2009 ICE CLIMBING WORLD CUP FINALS IN BUªTENI, ROMÂNIA Douglas Michele TURCO *, Mihaela Sofia DINU ** Abstract. Ice climbing is an activity of climbing through ice structures or formations. The 2009 Ice Climbing World Cup Finals was held in Buºteni, Romania 5-8 February. Ice wall climbing panels have been set up very close to the Kalinderu Slope, with a profitable effect, attracting a larger number of tourists, obviously as a secondary activity (after skiing). Mountain communities relying upon tourism as an economic development strategy may promote outdoor adventure and sport areas for leisure and competition The purposes of this research project, Buºteni ICE2 (Ice Climbing Event Evaluation) were to: (1) Determine residents perceptions of the 2009 World Cup Ice Climbing Championship, (2) profile participant consumer behaviors, and (3) assess the economic implications of the event including operational investments and financial return. While considerable research has focused on sport tourist impacts in cities and mega-events, relatively little attention has been devoted to the impacts of adventure sports, particularly in Eastern Europe (Scott and Turco, 2007). Key words: Ice Climbing World Cup finals, economic impact, Buºteni, Romania Introduction Before athletes set foot in a stadium or other contest venues to compete for a sport championship, several cities have already waged a fierce battle for the rights to host the event winner-take-all! Sport events are bid upon for the expected value added to the host city from private investments, sponsorships, and spending by thousands of sport tourists. Increasingly, event stakeholders are asking, is the sport event worth the investment? An economic impact study is the most common way to evaluate the worth of a sport event. Essentially, it measures how much value the event adds to the designated economy. Put another way, what would be missing from the economy without the