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Lake Balaton Towards an Integrated Development? Annex to the Interim Report // April 2021

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Lake Balaton Towards an Integrated Development? Annex to the Interim Report // April 2021 TARGETED ANALYSIS // Lake Balaton Towards an integrated development? Annex to the Interim report // April 2021 This Targeted Analysis is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinions of members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Authors András Csite, Anett Endrédi, András Igari, Bence Kovács, Zsolt Szendrei, Viktor Varjú, Georgina Verhás Technical Support Reinisch Réka Acknowledgements We would like to thank to the interviewed stakeholders to express their opinion and the continuous expert support by the Lake Balaton Development Council. Information on ESPON and its projects can be found at www.espon.eu. The website provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. © ESPON, 2021 Graphic design by BGRAPHIC, Denmark Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg. Contact: [email protected] TARGETED ANALYSIS // Lake Balaton Towards an integrated development? Annex to the Interim report // April 2021 Disclaimer This document is an interim report. The information contained herein is subject to change and does not commit the ESPON EGTC and the countries participating in the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The final version of the report will be published as soon as approved. TARGETED ANALYSIS // Lake Balaton Table of contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 9 2 Territorial analysis: the lake and its surroundings ....................................................... 11 2.1 Water quality (chemical / drinking / bathing status) ................................................................... 11 2.2 Ecosystem and biodiversity protection ...................................................................................... 17 2.3 Social and economic situation in the lake region ...................................................................... 21 2.4 Tourism and cultural / natural heritage ...................................................................................... 36 2.5 Agriculture, fisheries and food production ................................................................................. 42 2.6 Spatial planning and development of transport ......................................................................... 47 3 Governance in the lake region ........................................................................................ 52 3.1 Actors involved in lake-based governance ................................................................................ 52 3.1.1 Main levels of governance in Hungary ...................................................................................... 52 3.1.2 Actors and institutions for the Lake Balaton .............................................................................. 53 3.2 Governance of lake-related issues ............................................................................................ 57 3.3 Cross-sectoral and multi-level interplay .................................................................................... 62 3.4 Main trends in adaptive capacity, resilience, learning ............................................................... 65 4 Concluding remarks SWOT analysis of the lake region............................................... 68 References ......................................................................................................................................... 71 ESPON // espon.eu 5 TARGETED ANALYSIS // Lake Balaton List of maps, figures, charts and tables List of maps Map 1 Spatial delineations around Lake Balaton ........................................................................................ 10 Map 2 Map of the Balaton sub-basin ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Map 3 Bathing water quality in 2019 ........................................................................................................... 16 Map 4 Protected areas around the Lake Balaton ........................................................................................ 19 Map 5 Change of vegetation cover between 2010 and 2020 around the Lake Balaton .............................. 20 Map 6 Population changes in the three NUTS 3 counties around the Lake Balaton on LAU level, (2012-2019) .......................................................................................................................... 28 Map 7 Share and evolution of seniors in NUTS 3 counties around the Lake Balaton, (2012-2019) ........... 29 Map 8 Complex demographic situation in the three NUTS 3 counties around the Lake Balaton ................ 30 Map 9 Population potential and main transportation routes around the Lake Balaton ................................ 31 Map 10 Employment rate by LAU by place of work .................................................................................... 32 Map 11: Commuting pattern and commuting zones around the Lake Balaton, 2011 .................................. 33 Map 12 Density of micro-enterprises in the three NUTS3 counties around the Lake Balaton ..................... 34 Map 13 Economic production around the Lake Balaton, 2018 .................................................................... 35 Map 14 Tourism accommodations around the Lake Balaton ...................................................................... 40 Map 15 Most visited locations around the Lake Balaton ............................................................................. 41 Map 16 Agricultural areas around the Lake Balaton (2018) ........................................................................ 45 Map 17 Agricultural employment around the Lake Balaton (2011) ............................................................. 46 Map 18 Built-up areas and urbanisation around the Lake Balaton (2018) .................................................. 50 Map 19 Green-space areas around the Lake Balaton (2018) ..................................................................... 51 List of figures Figure 1 Ecological status in the Balaton sub-basin area according to the 2nd River Basin Management Plant (2016) .................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2 Chemical status in the Balaton sub-basin area according to the 2nd River Basin Management Plan (2016). NA=no data available ................................................................. 14 Figure 3 Evolution of resident and permanent population in Lake Balaton Region, 2010-2019 January 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 4 Gross Value Added (GVA) of main economic sectors in the three NUTS 3 region related to Lake Balaton Region, in 2018 (Source: Eurostat, 2021)....................................................... 26 Figure 5 Distribution of enterprises by economic sectors in Lake Balaton Region, in lakeshore area and in the NUTS-compatible area, 2018 (%). Source: KSH, 2021 ....................................... 27 Figure 6: Number of available beds in tourist accommodations in the whole cooperation area and in the lakeshore settlements, 2009-2019; Source: KSH, 2021 ................................................. 37 Figure 8 Cooperation levels in the Veszprém 2023 European Capital of Culture events ............................ 60 List of charts No table of figures entries found. List of tables Table 1 The status of the different quality elements in Lake Balaton and the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System according to the 2nd River Basin Management Plant (2016). NA= no data available ....................................................................................................................... 13 Table 2 Chemical status of Lake Balaton and the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System according to the 1st (2010) and 2nd (2016) River Basin Management Plans. (NA=no data available) ....... 14 Table 3: Changes of resident population of the main towns in the Lake Balaton Region, 2001-2019 ........ 22 Table 4: Main enterprises in Lake Balaton Region, based on net income (2017); Source: (Napló, 2019; Somogyi Hírlap, 2018; Zalai Hírlap, 2019) .................................................................. 24 6 ESPON // espon.eu TARGETED ANALYSIS // Lake Balaton Table 5: Number of guest nights spent in the region; Source: KSH, 2021 .................................................. 38 Table 8 Typical responsibilities of the main actors at the Lake Balaton in tourism development ................ 61 ESPON // espon.eu 7 TARGETED ANALYSIS // Lake Balaton Abbreviations BAHART Balatoni Hajózás Zrt. (Balaton Shipping Company) BLI Balaton Limnological Institute BUNP Balaton Uplands National
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