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Quick-start Gas Turbine Power Plant ofir Public Disclosure Authorized
%%Aft DETAILEDENVIONM£NTAL IMPACt SUDbY ,ssp 77DETAILED ENViRONMETAL sa II.iMPAC STD , Public Disclosure Authorized ozsef iIa-te~e
June 1996 -I ETV-ER6TERV Rt Power Engineering and ContractorCo.
Denomination of the documentation:
Quick-start gas turbine power plant of Liter
(Secondary reserve)
Prepared by: Office of Environmental Protection
Work. No.: 7011-99
No. of documentation: 550/782
Office Head: ...... Istvan T6th
Proiect Manager: ...... Peter Hayer
Oualitv supervisor: ...... Lajos Mohicsi
Date: June 6,1996
2 ETV-ER6TERV Rt Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
The present study was prepared by the Office of Environmental Protection of ETV-EROTERV based on the contract concluded with ERBE Power Engineering & Consulting Ltd., with the cooperationof
Mr. P6ter Hayer - ETV-EROTERV, Office of Enviromnental Protection - compilation
Mr. Istvan Bodnar- ETV-EROTERV,Office of EnvironmentalProtection - propagationcalculations
Mr. Lajos Mohicsi - ETV-EROTERV,Office of EnvironmentalProtecion - waste management
Mr. Ferenc Bakonyi -ETV EROTERV,Mechanical Office No. I - mechanicaltechnology
VTUKI InnosystemCo. Ltd - subsurface and surfacewaters
CONSULT-R PartnershipCompany - noise
"Bakony"Museum of Natural Science - flora and fauna
National Public Health and Medical Officer's Service (ANTSZ) of Veszpr6m County - air quality
3 ETV-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineenng and ContractorCo.
PART I
ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
I/1 INTRODUCTION...... 11
1/2 BACKGROUND...... 12 1/2.1 Altenatives of the location of the facility,reasons ...... 12 I/2.2 The investigatedtechnological versions, their evaluation...... 13 1/2.3 Feasibility study...... 14
113 GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT, LANDSCAPE...... 20 1/4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE Sm ...... 22
115 GEOLOGICAL, HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT.26 115.1 Geologicalconditions ...... 26 1/5.2 Hydrogeologicalconditions .26
I/6 SELECTION OF THE AREAS TO BE INVESTIGATED ...... 28
I/7 STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS AND SYSTEMS ...... 29 1/7.1. Status of waters . . .29 1/7.1.1.Subsurface waters . . .29 1/7.1.2 Surface waters.30 I/7.2Geologicaland soil investigations . . .31 i/7.3Air quality . . .34 I/7.4Flora and fauna . . .39 1.7.4.1 Botany.39 1.7.4.2 Zoology.42 I.7.4.3 Botanicaland zoologic indicatorgroups .43 1.7.4.4 Diversityof habitats and their changes.43 1/.7.5Noiseemission, current noise load of the environment ... 43
4 ETV-ER(5TERVRt. ( ~ > RV Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
PART II
THE PLANNED ACTIVITY AND THE EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
II/1 OPERATION OF THE PLANNED GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT ...... 53
II/2 CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY ...... 57 11/2.1 Earthworks ...... 57 II2.2 Construction, assembly ...... 57 II/2.3 Changes taldng place in the environmental elements ...... 58
11/3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE OPERATION ...... 63 II/3.1 Air pollution and air quality...... 63 II/3.1.1 The expected airborn emissions of the power plant and their qualification .63 II/3.1.2 Detenrination of the height of the stacks.64 1113.1.3Changes in the air quality in the impact area .71 11.3.2 Changes in soil quality.73 11/3.3 Changes in subsurface and surface water quality .74 II13.4 Impacts originating from the storage of raw materials and wastes 75 II/3.5 Impacts of noise emission of the power plant .76 II/3.6 Microclimatic impacts.79 II/3.7 Ecological prognostics for habitats.79 11/3.7.1Natural and secondary grasses .82 1I/3.7.2 Natural forests ...... 82 11/3.7.3Planted pine forests .82 1I13.7.4Lakes, water flows .83 II/3.7.5 Areas under agricultural cultivation (ploughlands) .83 I113.8 Impacts on human health and other human impacts .84 I113.9 Social-economical impacts.84 I11/3.10Impacts on the landscape ...... ,,,,,,,..... 88 Il/3. 11 Other expected impacts due to average and operational troubles . 89
5 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
Il/4 EXPECTED IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING...... 91 I114.1 Changes in subsurface and surfacewater quality...... 91 1114.2 Changes in the soil quality...... 91 11/4.3 Ecological changes...... 92 1/4.4 Land use...... 92
1115 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES...... 93 I115.1 Protectionof the air quality...... 93 11/5.2 Water protection...... 94 I115.3 Soil protection...... 94 115.4 Noise protection...... 95 IV5.5 Nature protection...... 95 IV5.6 Landscapeprotection ...... 95 1115.7 Emergencyresponse ...... 95
1116 MAIN UNCERTAINTIES AND MISSING DATA...... 97 1I/6.1 Planning circumstances...... 97 11/6.2 Constructioncircumstances ...... 97 116.3 Current environmentalstatus and impacts...... 97 11/6.3.1Air quality...... 97 11/6.3.2Water quality...... 98 II/6.3.3 Soil quality...... 98 1/6.3.4 Ecologicaldata ...... 98
I117 MONITORING SYSTEM...... 100 11/7.1 Monitoringduring construction...... 100 1117.2 Monitoringduring operation...... 100 1117.2.1Air pollution and air quality...... 100 11/7.2.2Investigation of subsurfaceand surface waters...... 101 II/7.2.3 Investigationof soil contamination...... 101 1117.2.4Biomonitoring ...... 101
6 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineering and RV Contractor Co.
IN/8 SUMMARY II/8.1 Introduction...... 103 II/8.2 Descriptionof the facility...... 104 I1/8.2.1Installation ...... 104 11/8.2.2Description of the operationof the projectedgas turbine power plan...... 105 11/8.3 Expectedenvironmental changes and their evaluation...... 108 II/8.3.1Investigation of the environmentalimpacts and the impacts areas.. 108 II/8.3.2Current status of the environment...... 108 11/8.3.3The constructionand its impacts on the environment...... 110 11/8.3.4Operation and its impacts on the environment...... 113 11/8.3.5Expected impacts of deconmmissioning...... 118 II/8.4 Environmentalmeasures ...... 119
Literature and studies preparedand used during the preparationof the environmental impacts study...... 121
7 E1V-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand eVTERV ContractorCo.
LIST OF FIGURES
I/2.3.-1. Site plan
112.3.-2. Installationplan
I/2.3.-3. Schematic drawing
1/5.1.-1. Map of seismic activities I/5.1.-2. Accelerationsof 100-yearfrequency I/5.1.-3. Geomorphologicalconditions
1/5.1.-4. Geological conditions 1/5.1.-5. Genetical soil map
I/5.1.-6. Soil quality conditions
I/5.2.-1. Hydrogeologicalmap of the Balaton Highland
I/6.-1. Map of the investigatedareas - Geology,soil and subsurfacewaters
I/6.-2. Map of the investigatedareas - Surface waters
1/6.-3. Map of the investigated areas - Air
U6.4. Map of the investigated areas - Flora and fauna
I/6.-5. Map of the investigatedareas - Noise
U/6.-6. Map of the investigated areas - Comprehensive map
1/7.1.1.-1. Average water yield of subsurfacewaters in the Bakony region
1/7.1.1.-2. Average depth of subsurfacewater wells in the Bakony region
1/7.1.2.-I. Map of surface waters of the region
I/7.2.-I. Well logs of well K-2
1/7.2.-2. Well logs of well K-3 ETV-ER6TERVRt. Power Engineeringand (TERV ContractorCo.
117.3.-1. Contaminationtrend - Kirilyszentistvan
117.3.-2. Contaminationtrend - Balatonfiizfbfactory plant
I/7.3.-3. Contaminationtrend - Balatonfiizfo(town)
I/7.3.-4. Contamination trend - Peremarton
I/7.3.-5. Contaminationtrend - Balatonahmadi
I/7.3.-6. Contamination trend - VesprIn
1/7.5.-l. Locationof noise measuringpoints
II/l.-I./aa Operationalscheme of the gas turbine
II/I.-I./b Axonometricview of the gas turbine
II/1.-2./a Section of the container unit of the gas turbine
II/1.- 2./b Axonometricview of the containerunit of the gas turbine
II/3.1.2.-I. Comparisonof 30-;ninuteNOx, S0 2 and CO immissions,two- stack version
11/3.1.2.-2. Distribution of 30-minuteNOx immissions (values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a fumctionof the distance calculated from the pollution source - in case of two stacks, H = 51 m
II/3.1.2.-3. Comparisonof 30-minute NOx, S02 and CO immissionsin case of a single stack
II/3.1.2.-4. Distributionof 30-minuteNOx immissions(values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a fimctionof the distance calculated from the pollution source - in case of a single stack
11/3.1.2.-5. Distributionof 30-minuteNOx immissions (values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a function of the distance calculated from the pollution source - in case of two stacks, H = 40 m
11/3.1.2.-6. Comparisonof the values of 30-minuteNOx immissionsof 40 and 51 m high stackss,in case of one single stack and two stacks
9 ETV-EROTERVRt. (~ ) RV Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT OF LITER
(Secondary reserve)
DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY
PART I
ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
10 E1V-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineenng and ContractorCo.
V1 INTRODUCTION
One of the outstandingobjectives of the Hungarian energy policy approved by the National Assembly is the diversification of the energy sources, and - in view of wire energy - the extension of the connections.Therefore, in 1991,the Government made a decision, that the Hungaran energy systemjoins UCPTE, the association of the Western-Europeanelectric energy systems, which are on a higher technical level and which may guarantee a more safe electric energy supply for Hungary.
One of the basic conditions of joining UCPTE is, that the Hungarian electric energy systen should have a quick-action,so-called secondary control reserve capacities of a size determined by UCPTE recommendations.These reserve capacities should be equivalentat least to the greatest capacity of the electric energy production unit of the system. In the Hungarian electric energy system the greatest capacity production units are the 460 MW blocs of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, thus the secondary control reserve capacity should be of 460 MW. In the recent years, the Hungarian Power Companies Ltd. (MVM Rt.) has performed comprehensive investigations for analyzing the most purposeful possibilities of ensuring the required reserve capacity. Based on the analysis, MVM has come to the conclusion, that 200 MW of the required reserve capacity should be ensured by establishing quick-start gas turbine power plants.
11 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and t ER6TERV) ContractorCo.
1/2 BACKGROUND
1/2.1Alternatives of the location of the facility, reasons
Starting from the role of the secondary control power plants played in the electric energy system, MVM has come to the conclusion, that it would be purposefulto install the power plants serving for this purpose at the significant connectionpoints of the electriCenergy system, at the great substations of the network. In spring 1994 investigationshave been carniedout for the possible locations. Four substations have been found as optimal locations for installation:the substation of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, the substation of Lit6r,the substationof Martonvisir and the substation of Saj6szoged.
In autumn 1994 MVM invited ETV-ERC)TERVRt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. to prepare a detailed feasibility study and a preliminary environmentalimpact study for the above four locations. When evaluatingthe conceptualplans it has become clear, that at the substation of Martonvhsirthe connection of the power plant to the network could only be done at much higher costs with respect to the other sites, therefore further investigations have been stopped by MVM for this location.
For the locations of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, of Liter and Saj6szoged the detailed feasibility studies and the preliminary environmental impact studies have been completedby the beginning of 1995. Based on these documentations,in May 1995, MVM Rt started the licensing procedure of the facilities. In its decision No. 31.700-17/1995, the Environmental Inspectorate of the Middle TransdanubianRegion prescribed to prepare a detailed environmental impact study fcr the secondary reserve gas turbine power plant to be establishedat thc :ubstationof Lit6r.
In its decision No. 46/1995, the Hungarian Energy Office has granted a preliminary buildingpermit for the secondaryreserve power plant of Liter.
12 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
In January and February 1996, in possession of the preliminary building pernit issued by the Hungarian Energy Office, in cooperationwith Ratky and Co. Marketing CommunicationAgency, MVM Rt. organizeda public hearing in harmony with GovenmmentDecree No. 146/1992.(XIA.). On April 22, 1996 a decision has been issued by the inter-depaazmentalcommittee in connection with the information of the public, according to § 3 of the above said Govemment Decree.
It2.2 The investigated technological versions, their evaluation
A secondary reserve function can be ensured by the water reservoir power plants or the quick-startopen-cycle gas turbine power plants.
The advantages of the water reservoir power plant are: quick starting, the transfornation of the cheaper night electric energy to a day-timepeak energy, the disadvantages are: the high specific investnent cost and the long building time. It would be impossibleto build a water reservoirpower plant by the time of the final joining to the UCPTE system - by the end of 1997 -, consequently, the only alteLiLativeis the installation of quick-start gas turbines.
Based on the evaluationof 12 informal proposals for gas turbines,which have been received during the past 2 years, we have drawn the general technical consequences, nanely, that the requirementsof quick starting (rated output to be achieved in max. 10 minutes) are primarily met by the aeroderivative gas turbines, which are driving gears of airplanes transformed for industrial purposes.
The most applicable types are LM 6000 (GE) and TRENT (Rolls-Royce)gas turbines, see installation plan 1I23.-2. These gas turbines comply with the environmental requirements, and - thanks to their layout characteristics (container-typestructLre) - they can be installed easily, quicldy and efficiently.
When evaluating the proposals, the enviromnentalaspects shall fully be taken into considen-tion.The selection of the final type and the determinationof the number of the units shall be based on the results of an intemational competition,taking also into considerationthe environmentalaspects.
13 ETV-EROTERVRL Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
Since 100 ±20 MW has been determinedin the preliminary building permit of the Hungarian Energy Office as the capacity of the power plant, therefore, when investigating the environmentalimpacts, 120 MW maximum capacity and a two-bloc structure shall be taken into consideration,however, in some cases, the single-bloc structure shall also be investigated.
1/23 Feasibility study
The main items of the detailed feasibilitystudy are the following:
Location
The 2.4 ha size location is in the outskirts of Lit6r, in N-E direction, in the northern part of the area surrounded by the Veszpr6m-BalatonfIzf5iand Veszpr6m-Kirilyszentistvhnroads and the so-called transformertransportation roads, in westem direction from the existing substation (see site plan No. 1/23.-i.). In the location the following equipment and systems shall be installed(see installation plan No. 1123.-2.and the attached schematicdrawing 1123.-3):
- gas turbine and auxiliary equipment - generator and auxiliary equipment - electric equipment of the power plant - electric technology of the substation - control system - environmental monitoring system - fuel supply system - water supply system - fire protection system
The power plant shall be accessible by a connectionroad branching from the transportation road of the neighbouring substation. The plant shall have its own access and transportation roads and pavements according to the needs. The communal and fire water demands of the facility shall be coveredthrough a branching from the main pipeline between the water works of Liter and the substation.
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Equipment and systems
Gas tnrbine and auxiliarvequipment
The gas turbine and the auxiliary equipment are meant the following equipment between the cross section of the air suction inlet and the cross section of the steel stack outlet connecting to the flue gas channel of the gas turbine:
- gas turbine unit operatingwith liquid fuel - steel base plate with base screws (with anchoring elements to be fixed with concrete) - noise-abatinglight-structure cover to reduce the noise emission of the machineunit - air suction and filtering system equipped with defroster, sound damper, after-flringgate and supportng structure - exhaust system equipped with sound damper,balance, snap and stack - fuel supply system, - burner system, - possibly a driving gear between the gas turbine and the generator, with a lubricating oil system - gas turbine lubricating oil system - starting and axle-driving system - cooling system - water injection system for reducing NOx emission(if necessary) - fire detection system, fire signalling, fire alarm, Co2 fire extinguishing system - pipelines for the auxiliary equipment - illumination system (indoor, outdoor) - ventilation system within the cover - lifting equipmentfor assembly and maintenance - electric and control techniquewith winrng.
15 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and Contractor Co.
Generator and auxiliar equipment
The synchronous generators connected to the gas turbines shall be air cooled, their output voltage shall be determined by the supplier. The energizing shall be statical or by rotary diodes. Each machine shall be provided with a switchgear of a generator output voltage. The connection between the generator switches and the house service, as well as the main transformer, shall be ensured by a clad bus by phases. The auxiliary equipment of the generator also include neutral instruments, measuring switches and the overvoltage protection. The protection system shall be digital.
Electric equipment of the power plant
Each machine unit shall have an independent 0.4 kV a.c., 220 V and 24 V. d.c., as well as a 230 V ac. break-in operation system. The fuel supply system, the outbuilding installation, the fire water system, and the demi water system shall have separate 0.4 kV distnrbutors.
Electric technology of the sub-station
The electric technology of the sub-station is meant the section between the 120 kV switches of the bloc transformer and the 120 kV bus bar, including all pnmary and secondary (protection and control technique) equipment, transmission line and cable. It also includes the sub-station switching equipment serving for the supply of the power plant stand-by ransformer, and the connecting cable. The generated electric energy is conducted from the bloc transformer of the gas turbine unit to the 120 kV switching gear through a single system 120 kV overhead line.
16 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
Control techniqueequiDment
The gas turbine power plant shall operate under the control of the National Electric Load Distributor(OVI), i.e. OVT shall decide on the switchingon/off of the gas turbine units. Therefore, OVT should get all infonnation on the basis of which starting and the operating conditionsof the gas turbine can be judged. The power plant shall be controlled by the OVT staff, while supervision and trouble shooting shall be the responsibility of the OVIT sub- station staff of Liter. OVT shall be connectedthrough the sub-station.
The process control of the power plant, as a whole, shall be ensured by the control techniqueof the power plant, superordinatedto the autonomouscontrol systems. Environmentalmonitoring sstem
For controllingthe emissions polluting the air, S0 2, NOx, solid particles, 02 and CO/CO2 measurng and evaluatingsystems shall be established,operating on a permanent basis.
Fuel upply system
Fuel shall arrive to the power plant by road, in tank-trucks. Two twin-type, covered discharge stations shall be established for the reception of the trucks, i.e. four max. 30 cum trucks can be discharged in the same time. Three 30 cu.m/h capacity pumps shall serve for dischargingthe fuel, one of which shall be a reserve.
Fuel shall be stored in two 1000 cum above-ground cylindrical tanks in vertical position, provided with a fixed roof and an inner floating roof. The talk shall have thermal insulation, an alumina sheet casing and a reinforced concreteprotective ring.
At each machine unit fuel shall be supplied from the oil tanks to the spray pump installedbefore the gas turbine by 2 (one working, one reserve) parallel- connected intermediatepumps, respectivelyit shall be circulatedin a condition ready for service betweenthe tanks and the spraypump.
17 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ( ERd) TERV ContractorCo.
An oil separator shall be installed, together with the required technological equipment, for the collection of oily waste waters running down from the access road leadingto the discharging place, of the technologicalwaste waters and of the oils spilling at the gas turbine machine unit. as well as for the separation of the oil from waste waters. The separated oily sludge shall be pumped into a container, then transported for disposal.
Water supplv systems
Demi water supply system
Demi water system shall supply water to the cooling system, and, if required, to the equipmentreducing NOXemission of the gas turbines. Demi water shall be transportedby tank-trucksto the power plant.
The equipment of demi water supply are the following:
- two 300 cu.m capacitr demi water tanks - two 20 cu.m/h capacitypumps for filling the tanks - two 30 cu.m/h capacity pumps for forwardingdemi water from the tanks to the machine units; hoisting: 20 m
Communal water supply
Communal water demand of the plant is 0.1 cu.m/day, max. 1 cu.m/month. Communal water is supplied by a pipe branching from the drinking water pipeline of the sub-station.
Communal waste water shall be collected in a closed tank, then it shall be transported for disposal.
18 E1V-ERCTERVRt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo.
Fire water supply
A 450 cu.m fire water pool shall be built for the power plant. According to Section 3.1.7 of the Hungarian Standard Specifications the pool should fully be filled within 48 hours. This requires a 2.6 I/s capacity pipeline. Fire water shall also be suppliedby the above mentionedpipeline.
Fire protection systems
When designing fire protection, the two 1000 cu.m fuel oil tanks should be taken into consideration together with their auxiliary equipment, oil pump house, and the tank-truck discharge stations. The container units of the gas turbine and the generatorare providedwith separate C02 xctinguishersby the manufacturer. The control room of the sub-station shall have a new, "intelligent"fire signallingcenter. The signals shall arrive directlyto the center installed in the control room of the sub-station,and then to the fire brigade of the municipality.
19 ETV-ERO1TERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.
113.GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT, LANDSCAPE
The site of the projected plant is located at the meeting point of two medium regions - Bakony region and Mez6fold -, and it is divided to fiurther small regions, thus reflecting the variety of the environment. To North-West from Liter the site is bordered by the Veszprem highland, to Sout-East by the Balaton highland and, as a continuation,the Vilonya mountains,while to East from Ffizfgyartelep the neighbouring region is Sirr&t. Within the geographicalenvironment of the plant there are the following settlements:at a distance of about 3 kIn S6ly (300 inhabitants),Vilonya(600 inhabitants)and BalatonfEof (5300 inhabitants),at a distance of 2 kan KiTilyszentistvin(300 inhabitants), the nearest - at a distance of approx. 1 kan - is Liter (1850 inhabitants).The majorityof them are very old settlements,with the traditional "single street" aniangement,but, during the recent years, they have undergone significant changes.There are new buildingseverywhere, but it is Liter which has expanded mostly. Vor5sber6nyand Balatonffifd are mostly resort places, while Peremarton-Gyhrtelepand FizOgyfrtelep are expressly mdustrial settlements with modem housing estates. The above settlements have originally been agricultural settlements - the lands of loose rocky soil have been under agricultural cultivation, while the dolomites have been used for grazing - but since the appearance of the industrialplants in the region a part of the populationworks in the industry.The region is crossed by the following railway lines: at North by the Budapest-Szombathelyrailway line, at East by the Hajmask6r-Csajig railway line and its embranchment at BalatonfUizfd. Two main roads cross the region: main road No. 8 from Szekesfeh6rvarto Veszprem and its side-road to the Balaton, and secondary main road No. 72 which connectsthe region with highway M-7.
The determiningmorphological element of the natural landscapeis a dolomite range in NE-SW direction.The treeless parts of the rocky surface coveredwith a thin soil layer are characteristicto this rolling, slightly wavy country. The northem part is a highland of an average altitude of 200 m BSL located at the two sides of main road No. 8, which has a slight slope to NE direction, and which lowers from 210 m to 180 m. The surface, which seems to be uniform from a greater distance, is interrupted, in a mosaic-like shape, by small cone- shaped fornations and groups of cone-shapedformations, and ridges,between them there are depressions without an outlet and small valleys - keeping the traces of a long-standingkarstic process. In the main direction (NE-SW) the dolomite range is almost cut into two parts by the so-called "great structural line of Liter" which is followed by Bendola-creek,too. Along the Iine there have been for millions of years, and still there are, seismic activities,and
20 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
the interaction of the petrographical structure and the erosion has resulted in a specific morphologicalpicture. At the NW side of the "Lit6r crack" there is a lower strip of eroded red sand rock and aleurolite from the Permian epoch.
The Bendola-creek,which has its source in the great structural zone, runs in this wide, erosion bed, cut into the filled bottom of the valley. The section of the valley over Lit6r is still at an altitude of over 200 m, but at the railway station its altitude is below 170 m, then the valley widens and unites with the S6Iy basin, which is at an altitude of 155 m. At the SE side of the crack there are Triassic dolomite blocks of an altitude of 230-250 m BSL (Nyerges- mountain, Mogyor6s-mountain,Vilonya-mountains) with steep slopes running down to the valley of Bendola-creeklocated at an altitude lower by 50-80 m. The dolomite range is transversely cut into smaller pieces by short and steep dry valleys. In SE direction gently sloping hillsides and ridges run down between the valleys to the edge of Sarret located at an altitude of 140-150 m. The above mentionedkarstic formationscan also be found on this higher range of mountains. It is a result of the uncoveredkarstic surface, that the region is lacking natural water flows. After Bendola-creekthe second significant water flow is SRd.This creek also runs at the foot of dolomiterocks, which are likely steep, but lower than those of Lit6r (10-30 m), then, at Hajmisker it turns to S- SE direction and crosses the dolomite range through two short, steep-walled canyons and runs to the lowland of Sarret.
The most important geomorphologicaland landscape formations of the region are:
- the karstic dolomitesurface along main road No. 8 - the steep slope of the Liter crack with dolomiteblocks - the right side of Sed-creek, with dolomite rocks, between Kdita and Hajmasker - the crossings of Sed-creek at S6 ly and Vilonya
This specific "dolomite"landscape is destroyed by the sight of the planted pine trees, which do not harmonize with the original, native plants of the region, just like the numerous small quarries and large gravel pits, which are often used as illegal waste disposal sites.
21 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Ergineering and ( ERdTERV) ContractorCo.
1/4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE SITE
From climatic point of view the area belongs to the edge of Mezofold,which is the driest part of the Transdanubianregion, meanwhile the temperatures are similar to the average values of the country. The temperaturedata have been provided by the meteorologicalstation of Veszprem. Detailed meteorological data are shown in Tables 1/4-1, 1/4-2, 1/4-3 and 1/4-4, based on the data of 1988-1993recorded by the meteorologicalstation of Veszpr6m:
Table 1/4-1- Average and extreme values of the average temperature
Average Maximum Minimum
January 0.6 4.0 -2.3 February 1.5 5.6 -1.7 March 5.9 10.5 2.1 April 9.4 14.6 4.9 May 14.5 19.9 9.3 June 17.3 22.8 12.4 Julv 20.2 26.2 14.7 Auis_i 20.6 26.6 15.3 September 15.2 20.6 10.7 October 9.8 14.6 5.8 November 3 6.3 0.1 December 0.4 3.3 -2.0 Yearly 9.9 14.6 1 5.8
22 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo.
Table i14-2- Average value of the relative humidity (%)
January 80 Februarv 75 March 71 April 67 May 65 June 69 July 62 August 62 September 69 October 76 November 83 December 82 Yearly 72
Table 1/4-3- Average number of rainy days per mouth and per year
Precipitation >0.1 mm >1.0 mm >5.0 mm >10.0 mm January 6 3 1 0 February 10 5 1 1 March 9 6 2 1 April 11 7 2 1 May 11 7 2 1 June 13 8 4 2 July 9 8 4 3 August 8 5 4 2 September 9 5 2 2 October 10 7 4 3 November 13 7 4 2 December 11 6 2 1 Yearly 118 73 32 17
23 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand RVERpX Contractor Co.
Table 1144 - Frequency of wind directions and average wind velocity associated with wind directions
Wind direction Frequency Average wind (%) velocity (mWs) N 11 3.8 N-NE 2.5 2.7 NE 1.7 2.6 E-NE 1.6 2.7 E 7.9 3.1 E-SE 7 2.6 S 3.3 2.7 S-SE 4.3 2.3 S 7.1 2.2 S-Sw 4.9 2.5 SW 5.1 2.8 W-SW 3.1 3.1 W 4.5 3.1 W-NW 2.6 3.2 NW 13.7 4.1 N-NW 14.4 4.1 Calm 5.3 _
In the region there is no meteorological station where the vertical temperature gradient is examined (there are only 13 such meteorological stations in the country). The closest measuring station analyzing the vertical temperature gradient is in Si6fok, but due to the influenceof Lake Balaton, their data differ from the transmission conditions of the area of the projected power plant in such a great measure, that they could not be taken into consideration. Therefore, the average occurrence frequencies in the wind velocity and stability categoriesare same as the national average frequenciesin Table 1/4-5 (Bede-Gacs).
24 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co.
Table 1/4-5 - Average occurrence frequencies by wind velocity and stabilitv cstegories. % Stability Wind velocity category category 0,1 | 0,9 2,5 4,4 6,7 9,3 12,3 16 Total
I 0,3 1,7 1,5 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 3,8 2 0,3 2,2 2,2 0,5 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 5,3 3 0,5 3,5 3,9 1,1 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 9,3 4 0,4 4,3 5,6 2,2 0,6 0,1 0,0 0,0 13,2 5 0,4 5,9 9,1 4,6 1,6 0,4 0,1 0,0 22,1 6 0,5 7,2 14,6 10,1 5,2 1,7 0,4 0,1 39,8 7 0,0 0,9 2,9 1,9 0,7 0,1 0,0 0,0 6,5 Total 2,4 25,7 39,8 20,6 8,5 2,4 0,5 0,1 100
25 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.
1/5 GEOLOGICAL, HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
1/5-1 Geological conditions
The geological environmentof the site of the projected plant structurally is a part of the SE wing of the central mountain range. The area, which is bordered by main cracks, tectonically is characterizedby cracks and faults, folds and local archings, scalings and stridings. From seismic point of view, it is more sensitive than the average (see Tables 1/5.1-1and 115.1-2).The majorityof the small region is built from the materials of mezozoic dolomite and lime stone formations.
Lit6r village and its environmentis located at the meeting point of the Bakony mountain and the Balaton Highland, along the so-called Lit6r furrow (See Fig. 1/5.1-3). In the development of the geological structure of the area the funrowshave played a significantrole. They can be divided into two groups:
the cross-wise furrows of NW-SE direction, due to their open character, indicate aquiferous strips;
the NE-SW direction longitudinal furrows, perpendicular to the above, have a closed character,they are not aquiferous,and they are parallel to the strike of the mountain.
In the geological constructionof the area, the base rock can be found directly under the thin topsoil: limestone, respectively dolomite, at some places lime marl with clay marl inclusions.At a great part of the area base rock formations can be found directly on the surface. The geological and pedological conditions are shown by Figs. I15.1-4,-5 and -6.
1/5.2 Hydrogeological conditions
The most significant water resources in the area of the projected plant are the karstic waters in the Triassic carbonate deposit, which forms the base rock of Bakony. The current volume of the karstic waters of the region depends on the water level and the pressure conditions. The rate of infiltration is primarily a function of precipitation.
26 La
Commonwealth of Independent - 2..',4:' ~~ States(CIS)
A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A Slovenia r w
h f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ik
cfF-s
Fig.1/5.1A- - Map of maximum seismic activities Commonwealth ofIndependent (CIS) States
frequenci.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Slovenia of 100-year yX;OsxAO Accelerations 116.1.-2 Fig. . It, . 350 , * 3, ;q b , S - -
IS Db^ 1* s~h -K":^b'> ¢- ?4 ..t ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' 14 , 4 r ...... O
|d - 1- t I _, AI~
ri~~i
Structural-morphological great forms Lithology Age of surfacial formations form Mountains Eluvial arcns and clay loam detritus Genealttmy or Older . ...Ancient ruptured.folded block mountain Ti lva mso ietn --- mountainof mediumheight . . . Thin elual nes on limestone Lower and Teiary fonms Medieval block mountains with uplifts (folded) L._ .;c and dolomitesurfaces I r; Ancient a) highlandsand ridges of mountainsof mediumheight * - Clav loan alluviumton late Tertiary GeneralMiocene form :b) lowerridges , volecoclk. uartlyreseled on L ' Volcaniclmountaina)ridges ofinountainsofmedium Loessv m.glialloa b) lower ridges height on Tertaty.Quatenm loosedcoosit =l Hill-countries and Upper-Pannonian. slopes in Teriary4Quatemary Dtnialof_ clay band roraeove Lowver- Hilly form Hilly ridges loose deposits Slope deposits, deluvia (resettied resp. = a U Plicne basins aCcutnutlated by slope washing, i!O-IJ Loper-.PMedistm-naornd Inter-mountainsmall solifluction and mass movements) L Upper-Plistocenefonn Plains M7r High flood pin Fluvial m Sandy, loess-likeslope deposit,slope | Geral Holoceneform ;i Ancient and late-Holoceneform Low flood plain . Sandy or deitaIl clav,gbcia loan Talus withbenches Plain loessy loam MON SopOS andloessy loamixedm d Deying form Taluscovered by quick sand withfossile soil Plain coveredby loess Slide rock. detritus in loamybedding BujBU.ding form Topographicforms Planationdnudation-dcasim forms Neogene volcanic mountains Tectonic and subcrustal forms Slightly artculated foot surfaer. i~]Paeusra~hgln Rifi valley slpe before he mountains Phttcusudicc,highlnd Fonnerfoot surifce heavily Uplift uedby valleys | Upperlevelofsideridges Lower level of side ridges, RliSpDlRt bench ower mdeyd MORntDindge, stnheral b* L.!oiovl ftec footsurface Block mountains ?Wira. js7 Tempeature *C, chamacistic dcnent transformedby plaation r in top position wWateryield ~ Wateryield IODUP-00 t/PrC Sea-levelSea-evel atitudeErosion-denudlation-plnationaltitiide dri*tce -P benc, t, i Old decayedblock Spring vwithminerals diktnc -- Abrasion bench.terrace -. Old decayedblock covered withTariy deposit 9 Othersprings Oldblock with rtiar t 200 Height(m) characteristicto the topography Foot edge S]ordecyingTertimy deposit Dmudationbasin i Old block swfice sunkk I in tresholdor benchposition, pedinnentedin the Neogcne . DeasZionvalley 1% J Old decayedblock sunk below the coveredsurface -Denudation nmnadrock Slip slope; mountin edge Wmus of a povisiona water flow
1/5.1-3 - Geomorphological conditions V,> -. ' ' '''':,
t .--..... b?.
': Grvel . Flluvialgravel Freshwaterlimestone IZj Andesite e, Fluvialsand Fhvial sand Clay.sand. browncoal layers '. Gravel. sad. day = Quicksand, dedgy sand m Beachdvng W Sand,cl y, gavlCos im clay deposited by wind - Sandyloess. loessy sand -M Beachdrifing E Limestone,marl. clay a Lai limestoncsand, clay. Loess.yelow earth Lim limemud nnd, , Lbicstonc marl.sandstone. - mud, limeao lmsaond. brwn coal M dst lamieet B n and rederth Paz, pentmud -t ime marl. imtne, bsw H Andesilentff h Grvel Meadowclay Batia redetposiredbauxite RioCtebff I;,smw ma~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~teriaL.int&ticolouredclay ~ ilt lb Loessymud Ns I MaL, imesne browncoal. t Sandyclq marl ~'Gravelj Alkalinesoil cly Wornglmeraof Alka o meaegre. (los lessy mud,[ay. sard) Bauxite bauxitematerial -'-.. sCanlrciy. mvncoal Gravel ,m AEluvialsand, alluvial mud. Mat. limestone-sandstone Mr: Sand.sandsnegavd.l cl iv4 SandSand 'e:tJ~ Bastt~ ~ ~~-sibihialluSaial aa , Siliceous rL ltilestone. Fmr Sudsnsonds-o-e -rhwaterlmtoasali tmaliceousymarlmamrl 'lay t ui) Frcshwaterlznestoke, sinter ii Taptuff 4%tE Limestoncand marl a Cly, claymarl (supi) - Piedmontdeposits Sand,sandstone, gravel, e Bmchiopodic,amnonitic . madlei sandstne, freshwaterlim es_- limestone,ngwnus clay conglomatc(lantorl)
Main dolomitc Slte cly, phyllitc(alng Lake Dabaon) Uppr marl oSaulyDchsteBn liaestonrelimestone with fireswreM Geenslate with serpentine . w,~ Limestone.diabase, P t vim Quartzmica schist, quanz phyllite Dolomite.dolimite and limestcne Lim ic schist,with fold Cil conglomerate iT-rtLimcswzc,_:meton, litecsliestne one wthwith ftresonP O0 mica schist,leukophyllite, quite Multicooredlate clay.Snc L limestone dolomite . Guess Berchyand saltyred sandstone n -. conglonmete Cwccitcfnv - Light-gry. semi-rysalline s3 Fault,te arow shws towardsthe left pat Oldpaeozoicand C Striding,the nedles show th directionof striding laepaleozoic granite andmigmatite adhesive slates
Fig. I/5.1.4 - Geological conditions - I
Soil types and sub-types
Quick sand i Chemozem-type sand _ Meadow solonetz turning into steppe
2 Rendzina-soil , Typicalcheozem 22 Solonetzmeadow soil - with calci-sinter 3 Erubase soil, black moistland ;3J- Lowland chemozem 23 Meadow soil -. .- '" . with calci-sinta VVery sour. non-podsole, Lowlandchernozent - brown forest soil t' with ialci-sinteT ;*;, Meadow alluvial soil salty in deep layers Podsole brown forest soil I5 Meadow chenmoz Marshy meadow soil
6 Brown forest soil with clay I$ I Meadowchernmozem. Fen soil ;- inwash J saltv in deeper lavers 77 Pseudogleic brownforest soil 17 Alluvial chenowzem Reclaimedfcn. divided into lots
- Brown soil, brown"1RamanIn"' __Jforestssoil - I- to. Solonchak Soil of marshy woodlands
9 Fossil brown forest soil Solonchalk-solonetz & z Rough alluvium
Chernozembrown forest soil Meadowsolonet
Loose deposits Sandytertay and older Solid rocks :. dcposits Clav and clay loamloessy Moist land, Teriary and Sandstone deposits -- " \ older deposits loessydmedpoysloas -an Clay and lay loam,gnw Slate clay. phyllite loessydeposits ; -'and lake bed or alluvialdeponitc l Sandy loam, loessy deposiss Mediumk-cledsgyloam,tn ote glacial and lake bed or bndestc, dolite aluvialdeposits . Clayloam, and cay Sandy loamgaalndlake + Granite.pomphyz Tertary and older deposits bed or afluvial deposits __ Medieval loam, Sandyglacia and lake k Aneieroie,bsl Tertiamyand older deposisj 'bdo luildpts s x Jrxi Sandy loam,.. .- Organicglacial and lake Tertiaryand older deposits ..L: bed or alluvial deposits
Fig. 1/5.1-5- Genetical soil map l~~~~~~~~~~~~i ;7Tyz--..~~~~~~~~~~~ra". ,, ;* - , ! .>V* %'jrt\
// ~ .. ' Projected lantsite 4(R* - ,-- _ VI.Fa !
_, -''VlA _;z
. f ;;- . - _ __ ._~ - - K
I VI * _ _ _ Z 7
No. of soil value Quality category No te Carbonaw
go,7.100 Sanld l ] [11S 80.1 90 Sandy loam LIILiLIt. 701-80 Loam
60.1-70 1 _1 IV Clay loam
60.1-60 V Clay II 40.1-W viVI mram32:.3 4Gmavel
30.1-40 VIl Stone
20.1-3D : VlillKt 2ohi, pealt lrmrsm;l!H ,_3:'
10.1-20 lx
0.1.10 x
Fig. 1/5.1-6 - Soil quality conditions ETV-ERC5TERVRt. Power Engineeringand tvvTERV ContractorCo.
The last years are characterizedby the lack of precipitation in the whole region. According to forecasts,the extremely dry period, characteristicto the recent years, is not yet over, and we cannot count with a significant increase of the natural water supply in the coming few years. Regardingthe water balance, the decisive proportion of tappings of water resources are mine water excavations since the mid of 1960's. In the recent years the karstic water volumesexcavated by mineshave significantlyreduced.
In general, it can be stated, that, in the last decade, due to the decreasing infiltrations and the excessive mine water excavations, the pressure and water level values, characteristic to the karstic water, have significantly reduced. Despite of the favorable changes which have taken place in the recent years, the current situation shall be decisive for a long period of time in the managementof the main karsticwater resources.
From hydrogeologicalpoint of view, the area is also significantly influenced by the geological structure and the crossing furrows. Along the NE-SW direction furrows, which are not aquiferous, there are several springs, since here the crosswise water flows meet vanous aquifers, which help the water to come to the surface in the form of spring Strip. Wes can find such strips in the line of Gyulafirit&t,Ostni, Varpalotaand Inota. The appearanceof the furrows in the area of Lit6r has an importance,since by the striding of the impermeable and aquiferous layers on each other, a formation is reproduced similar to the water floors of Balaton. The hydrogeologicalconditions of the area are shown on Fig. 115.2-1. The springs come to the surface at an altitude of 200 m BSL or over this altitude. The water of the spdringsflows in eastern and south-eastem direction, this corresponds to the slope direction of the area. The spring of Diszn6domb comes to the surface at an altitude of 215 m BSL. In the area of the projected plant no break out of spring is expected, here the karstic water can only be reached by deep drilling.
Due to the geological structure of the area, water can only be obtained from karstic water. For greater volumesdeep wells should be drilled, since we have to count with the loweringof the static water level.
27 ;~ ~ I L *l L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LJl4
>#- a;i rdlScale:M I:00000 4 5 km lik ~~~~~~~~01 2 3
KarstiCspring,Provided with a cadastral 3 ~~~~~~~~numberby VITUKI
Supposedunderwater springs on the bank
waterplant -PM.~~~~~~~2 Spring
9 G Waterwells and monitoringwells
andUpper Triassic limestone -4d _ _ -ror dolomiteappearing on the surface
* D... K1 N iocene sarT_atan limestone
Pliocenefreshwater limestone
Borderline of the BalatonHighland …---Surface divide
...... Subsurfacedivide'
- ~~Triassic-Permijanwater resourcc ______boundary'
Hiighlandi [K Areawith douibletapping9 ~~~~~mn ~~~~~Ilydirogeological y nmapof the Balaton PTDT Arcaovcr the Pcrmian waterresource Mauchlibirscd oi tllic nu1ipu~l LojLI U.)czy (NIAI I). Oc~tober ___U ~~~~~~~~PreparedbiyUlisz'.l
Csiki Fig. 1/5.2-1 ______D),11wi by: Nlr%.S-zlindlurnI6 ETV-EROTERVRt Power Engineenngand Contractor Co.
1/6 SELECTION OF THE AREAS TO BE INVESTIGATED
The areas to be investigatedfor the e"'isting environmentalstatus and for the impacts of the operationof the projected power plant have been selected and presented separately, according to the enviromnental elements and the investmentphases (see Table 1/6.r and Figs. I/6.-i, -2, -3, 4, -5 and -6).
Table 116.-i - Display of the investigated areas according to environmental elements and investment phases Environmental Investirated area element resp. During the assessmnent During the During operation impact of the basic status construction karstic water wells Subsurface waters close to the plant plant site plant site (K-2, K-3)
Surface waters Bendola-creek- S6d plant site plant site
Geology, soil karstic water wells close to the plant plant site plant site
______K -2 K -3 ______local measuring immediatevicinity the environment Air points of the National of the plant and the within 5 km ImmissionMeasuring transportationroutes distance around the Network power plant the area indicated on immediatevicinity the environment Flora and fauna Map No. I/6.-4. of the plant and the within 5 kan transportationroutes distance around the power plant the environmentof the envirommentof the environmentof Noise the sub-stationand the power plant and the power plant and the closest residential the transportation the transportation buildings routes routes
28 4 L ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
V.1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- daW r
~ ~ ~ /*a N, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0~~~~~~~~~~~~.~.. \N
v~~~~~~~~~~. U,16j
~I 3 ~ ~ ~ I
. ~ ~ ~ -~ C) Cavem water~ well ~ ~ ~
soiland subsurface ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fig.1/6-1-'Map of theInvestigated aream - Geology, L Envisaged3ite -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~atr I, '- I. ~~~~~~~~~L.
N~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ir~~~~~~~~~~.-
~~4
r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'5
Pi ~ ~~~~~~~~~0
1Y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -4
S.. r~~~~~~~S
* d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S
~1g 16-NlpfhemstgtdaesSufc wtr Suff*acewater4 ~I~.'< -ARP I~~~~~~~~~~~~ '
- aq~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
.1*~~~~~~~~~~~~~T
-. ~ ~ ~~~~. VESZ ,, ~~~~~~~~~~~~Litr1
S. -~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ny#-4
W., a~me5vamas
Legend
5'~~~~Y
for transport *~~~~~~~~ Possible route br~~~lLarAIIkAs
Fi. 1/-3- apo th ivsigatedsSaoeasT-oAitrigtto 4 L. t ~ ~ ~ ~ l .
l | § ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L i
vARPALOT I t 5- .
V1. A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
'A
IW al E IdolmdI tes gf 1
-. d $/ bcrlt t' \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o rlsln | - 15, ig. 11-1- baOrIeivslltaes - Flo andan ,1.-a Pwrpalsiiilneae * I, i * ua...... ~ - n rs. eto'. . _n r _ _n
. ' i 2;,"1 * ' 5 1 -/ 4< - 'l ~...''''I'-*95-t1 Bala'IL ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - '-4
fludais ftest area .- tI
-- duringflora andfauina survey ;
- Possible. route lor tranisport a.I.
lr n an Powerplant's influience area Fi.164-Il' fteIvstgtdaes- .- 1. /-- Ipofhenvtiadars-Foradfua in respectof floraand fauna ~Vf uI:;IA .. ais'*dr Legend
Noise measuringsurface
Possibleroute for transport
Powerplant's inflence area doise Fig. I/6-5-apofth investrespect of
00; 'U;'\Z'v ?v "!'g. v / 1
__ ? Af~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-W6- \ / I I bJ I '. J i ' @; t t' t ' a a a . II I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L
L.: {; .bLegendbe kti / / .
Powerplant's influence area S | 4 I* Cavermwater well * Watermonitoring station nrsctoniI' : %jS inlec areaesl r *fi ...... - owrln'ituneae ED Powe pln' M= Z. / ringestation in respectof airquality, 3 ;4- ' .. _ ~lmmssoundamoio 42 2 >;;S;i, * H during flora and faunaPossible survey route for transport I~ ~~~~~~N
0~~~~~a
Er1Er~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-,
VD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - IN~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
aes-Cmree a flor an fauna/- ;lpo h icsiae f~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~Budre oftes are 7i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*; i a-
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~~~~~'A -'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I X~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
a' teep - / I,
/~~~~~A ~' ' ~ 'f U AOf EVC&&k5lir.'i• ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineenngand Contractor Co.
1/7 STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS AND SYSTEMS
1/7.1Status of waters
I/7.1.1 Subsurfacewaters
The most significant water resources in the area of the projected plant are the karstic waters in the Triassic carbonate deposit, which forms the base rock of Bakony. The subsurfacewater yields and the general water depth of the wells are shown in Figs. 1/7.1.1.-i and -2.
We have water quality data of karstic water wells K-2 and K-3 which are located in the vicinity of the projected plant from the time of their establishment (for the location of the wells see Fig. 1/52.-I). These data are displayed in Tables 117.1.1.-1and -2 (VITUKIdata base). Table II7.1-1 - Analytical results of the karstic water of well K-2 K-2 K-2 Limit value Analyzed component 24.04. 1970 26.05. 1970 MSZ 45011-1989 Ammonium (mg/I) 0,0 0,0 1,0 Iron (mg/1) 0,0 0,0 1,0 Manganese (mg/l) 0 0 0,5 Nitrate (mg/l) 30 24 20 Nitrite (mg/1) 0 0 1,0 Chloride (mg/1) 17,0 14,0 350
Sulfate (mg/l) - 300 Oxigen consumption 1,00 1,00 (mg/I) Alkalinity (ml n HCI/1) 10,0 9,6 Total hardness (nk°) 31,8 29,4 50-350 Total salt (mg/I) 375 606
29 I/P
50 . . 50-loo
00-300 -2003
0 -
, - o~~~~~ 25km
Average yield of subsurfacewaters (l/p) in the Bakony region (Prepared by J. Balogh based on: J. Urbancsek:Cadaster of deep wells of Hungary)
Fig. 1/7.1.1-1 - Average yield of subsurface waters in the Bakony region m LI :: ;1<50 ThIlI50-100 100-200
! > ~200 J[|4' -
I ~Xt
<, ~~~~~~/~ 25/km
Average depth of subsurface water wells (Prepared by J. Balogh based on: J. Urbancsek: Cadaster of deep wells of Hungar.
Fig. 117.1.1-2- Average depth of subsurface water wells in the Bakony regior E1V-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.
Table 1/7.1.1-2 - Analytical results of the karstic water of well K-3 Analyzed component K-3 K-3 K-3 K-3 Limit value 14.02.'80. 26.02.'80. 25.03.'80. 29.04.'80. MSZ450/1-198 Ammonium (mg/l) 0,33 1,96 0,16 0,l 1,0
Iron (mg/l) 0,7 - 0 1,1 1.0
Manganese (mg/i) 0 - 0 - 0,5 Nitrate (mg/I) 32,5 18,0 15,7 32,5 20 Nitrite (mg/l) 0 1,9 0 0,08 1,0 Chloride (mg/I) 70,0 364 10 18,0 350
Sulfate (mg/1) - 15,0 - 26,0 300 Oxigen consumption 1,84 2,3 0,48 1,9 (mg/i) Alkalinity (ml n HCIlI) 8,6 8,2 8,2 6,8 Total hardness (nk°) 27,4 51,4 24,4 24,6 50-350
Total salt (mg/i) 645 - 535 -
Comparing the chemical composition of the water of the wells with the standard specifications on drinldng water, the water of the wells can be qualified as "acceptable".The relatively high nitrate contents can possibly be attributed to the aquitard and aquiferous formations coming to the surface, while the significant hardness refers to the karstic origin.
117.1.2Surface waters
Bendola-creekruns in the immediatevicinity of the area under investigation,it falls to Sed at Veszprem (see Fig. 1/7.1.2.-i). No water quality data are available for Bendola, the closest water quality analyzing station is in Veszpr6m,on Sed. Bendola is in the Sd-Nador system catchment area, which belongs to the left-side catchment area of the Si6 river. The S&d-Nadorsystem catchmentarea is 2,067 sq.km.
The Sed-Nador system is being contaminated by significant contamination sources. Due to the numerous mine water and waste water inflows, the reduction of springs as a result of the mining activity, dammings and passages, we can practically not speak of natural water yield and water flow. The bed and the water yield of Sed of Veszpr6mis divided at S6ly, the characteristic water yield - practically the full water yield - is forwarded by the Sarviz- Malom canal, the bed of S&d-Veszpr6mcollects
30 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c
W1 Fi'r-NO Projecte plant site Wk.z Veszpr.6mplateau
the region of surfacewaters of Fig. 1/7.1.2-1- Map Table I/7.1.2.-. - Qualification accordingto Hungaran Standard Specification MSZ 12749 04FF26 10: Veszpr6mi-S6d, 20.7: S61y,Meder6rtelep Min6sitettid8szak: 01.01.'94. - 31.12.'94.
Componert n min. max. average dipesmion DOM 90% 95% C1s Group A: Oxygcnsupply - Cas V. Dissolved ox. mg/I 26 3.00 11.10 8.03 1.979 02464 5.40 3.45 Ill. Ox. saL % 26 30.6 95.6 74.4 14.43 0.1941 51.4 36.8 111. Bioch.Ox.m.-S 6m4gI 26 2.5 35.0 10.6 7.53 0.7117 21.4 24.1 V. Chem.Ox.Dem.e. mgAl 26 4.8 25.5 8.9 3.70 0.4150 9.7 10.9 111. Chem.Ox.Demde. mgI 26 10 72 34 13.7 0.404S 46 62 IV. Toxicity mg/I 0 ------S(Plantebuck)-ind 4 1.30 2.15 2.01 - - - - II. Group B: Nutrient supply - Claus V. NH4-N mg/I 26 3.50 1.07 12.07 4.163 03454 16.36 17.13 V. N02-N mg/I 26 0.017 0.772 0.331 0.1797 0.5431 0.518 0.634 V. N03-N mg/I 26 0.51 5.67 2.39 1.512 0.6339 430 4.69 II. P04-P PgA 26 192 3990 2169 1023.2 0.4718 3574 3670 V. Tobl P pgMI 26 1230 5750 2977 1256.7 0.4221 4553 5154 V. Chlorophyll-a w/A 12 1.5 22.9 7.4 6.68 0.9031 13.5 17.3 II. Group C: Mcrobial pameter - Cla V. Colifonm i/ml 23 0.0 9200 3033.2 2116.9S 19543 15235 4130.0 V. Group D: Organic and inoqgnic micropolutant - Clas V. Oil pgn 17 0 370 119 126.9 1.0628 257 353 V.
Pbcnols 1 Ag 15 0 22 5 5.5 1.2U32 10 13 M1. ANA-dctcgrnts MA/ 17 15 426 174 115.5 0.6N36 342 413 IV. Al (disolved) Pg/ 0 ------As (dissolved) MA 0 ------B (disolved) P6/1 0 ------CN (total) pgA 0 ------CN (fec) pgA 0 ------Zn(dissolved) pgA 9 0 261 73 - - - Iv. Hg (dissolved) P6/I 0 ------Cd (disolved) PMA 9 0.0 1i.0 2.9 - - - V. Cr (dissolved) Pg/I a 0.n 23.2 5.2 - - - Hi. Cr-VI pg/l 2 0.0 0.0 D.0 - - - - 1. Ni (dissolved) p/l 9 0.0 14.0 53 - - - - 1. Pb (dissolved) Pgt 9 0.0 6.0 1.3 - - - - 11. Cu (disolved) g/ 9 0.0 31.0 12.9 - - - - 111 Beuzopyme pg/I 0 ------Cbloroform PgOI 0 ------CC14 pg/l 0 ------Trichloro-ethylene pgI 0 ------Temtclorodb. g/ 0 ------Ludane pgI 0 ------Malion pg/A 0 ------2.4-D pg/I 0 ------MCPA pg/I 0 ------Aktinit Pk pg/A 0 ------PCB pg4 0 ------PentacbloroL pg/ 0 ------° Total . BqB 0 ------Cs-137 Nq/O 0 ------Sr-9D Bq/1 0 ------Tritim Bq/l 0 - - - - Gwoup E Olber pramecers - Cas 11. pH (Labor) 26 8.00 .65 8.23 0.182 0.0221 5.46 5.63 .11 Conductivity pS/c 26 675 1027 S77 929 0.0946 990 1015 Ill. Dissolved Fc Mg/I 12 0.00 0.33 0.10 0.109 1.1443 0.25 0.30 111. Mn (dissolved) wg/ 12 0.00 .10 0.04 0.022 0.5059 0.05 0.07 1. Table 1/7.12.-Z- Qualificafton according to Hungarian Standard Specification MSZ 12749 04FF28 lO: Vcszpr6mi-SWd, 1.1: 6 si Minisitett idszak: 01.01.'94. - 31.12.'94. Conaonita n min. "ax. avem dispnion DIM 90% 95% Clan GmoupA: Oxygen mipply- Clan V. Disolved ox. mdlI 26 3.00 10.60 643 1.752 0.2645 3.33 3.17 IV. Ox. sOL % 26 33.3 S7.S 62.1 14.02 0.2260 405 33A IV, Bioch.Ox.Dem.-s mdl 26 3.6 34.0 13.9 BAB 069 25.S 30.7 V. Ckem.Ox.Dem.e. nll 26 11.8 34,4 202 3.39 02671 26.6 23.6 V. Cbm.Ox.Dan4e. mmgI 26 32 145 77 28.6 0.3721 109 126 V. Toxicity mg/I 0 ------S(Pntebuckind 0 ------CGWupB: Nultient supply - Cas V. N1H4-N mg/ 26 6.01 3132 21.04 7.775 03695 2999 33.13 V. N02-N MgOI 26 0.226 2.766 1.010 0.5709 0.5651 1.530 1.729 V. N03-N mg/I 26 0.66 65.43 13.36 17.3'1 12995 4091 42.40 V. P04.P pg1 26 616 4522 3010 93C.6 03091 4134 4273 V. Total p MO 26 2080 6300 3933 1057.7 0.2676 493S 5890 V. ChlorophylI MA 6 5.7 133.2 33.2 - - IV.T Group C: Micgobialparmtes - Cla V. Colifono i/Eil 22 0.2 16000.0 311S.4 4903.14 1.5723 9060. 12260.0 V. GToupD: Orgnic and inoqpnic micwpoluln - Cb V. Oil P6a/ 17 0 360 123 124.5 1.0126 343 352 V. Pbenols W/l 15 2 161 33 45.7 1.4054 74 105 V. ANAdcerg.ns pl 16 9 293 144 703 0.4S13 139 216 11. Al (disolved) gA 0 - - - - As (disolved) Wll 0 - - _ _ _ _ _ B (dissolved) pg 0 - - CN (total) 0Dl/ ------CN (irec) i 0 - - Zn(disolved) Wi/ 6 20 157 IDI - - - - IV. Hg (disolved) WA1 0 ------_ Cd (dissolved) Wp/ 6 0.0 14.0 3.S - - - V. Cr (dissolved) NgoI 6 0.0 5.0 l.S - - - - 1. Cr-VI Wi/ I 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - - 1. Ni(dissolved) pi/ 6 0.0 11.0 6.3 - - - - Pb1(dissolved) pgI 6 0.0 7.0 2.2 - - - - IL Cu (dissoIved) pg/I 6 0.0 37.0 L5 - - - - IlL HeopySnCu pg/I 0 ------Chlhoform 0 ------CCI4 0 ------Tn-hcbko.dhylcne MA 0 ------Tetrachloroth-. 0 ------Lmdanc P64 0 ------Malation 0Dg/ ------2.4-D pg/ 0 - - - - _ - - - MCPA pig 0 ------AktinitPk Mg 0 ------PCB pgN 0 ------Pentachlorot. pg/ 0 ------TotalP. Bql 0 ------Cs-137 BqA 0 ------Sr-90 Bq/ 0 ------TriSrun S/ 0 - - -- Group E: Otherpamcters - Class V. pH (Labor) 26 7.78 L60 8.12 0.1S8 0.0231 8.32 3.49 I. Conductivity pScm 26 1120 3S32 2660 729.0 0.2740 3524 3306 V. Dissolved Fc ag/I 12 0.00 0.27 0.13 0.091 0.7207 0.24 025 111. Mn (dissolved) mg/I 12 0.02 0.11 0.07 0.029 OA103 0.10 0.10 I. ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. only the treated waste waters discharged by the industrialand communal waste water plants. The treated waste water of Veszprem town and that uf the Bakony Works are discharged to Sed-Veszprem.Due to the division of the water system S6d-Veszpr6n practically starts to run with empty bed at Vilonya, and it is a recipient of the industrialwaste waters of the Nitrok6mia Industrial Plants of BalatonfUzfo-,the Frzfo Plant of the Company of Paper Industry, the Chemical Work of Peremarton and the Papkeszi Plant of NIKE. In addition to the industrial load, the volume of communal waters directed to S6d from the Balaton catchmentarea is also decisive. It is a basic problem,that the springs of Herend,feeding the water flow, do not supply sufficientspringwater, contrary, due to depressionthe water leaks from the bed along the section between Veszpr6m and Herend. Earlier, some sections of Sed-Nadorof Veszpr6m, due to mine water inflows, have had free water resources, but mine water inflows have been stopped. All these tendencies have significantlybeen intensified by the long-standingdry period. The outwash of the organic microcontaminantsfrom the mud of the bed can be expected for a long period of time.
Based on the computerized water quality data base of VrIUKI, the data measured in 1994 in the bed sections of Sed-Veszpremat S6ly and Osi are shown in Tables 117.1.2.-l and -2. The S6ly bed section is found before meeting Bendola, while the Osi bed section can be found after the meeting point. Based on the displayed data it can be stated, that in the Osi bed section the water quality is much worse, especially with respect to the oxygen and nutrient supply (it is of category V, heavily contaminated).The significant deterioration of the water quality can clearly be attributed to the fact, that along the investigated section great industrial plants are discharging their waste waters to the creek, which are treated only in part.
117.2 Geological and soil investigations
The geologicalconditions of the immediateenvironment of the projected plant is demonstrated by the successive layers of the two karstic water wells mentioned under point I17.1.1(for the location of the wells see Fig. 1/5.2.-1).
31 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and td3ERp ~~~~~~~~~~~~ContracorCo.
When maling the research boring for well K-2, under the thin topsoil detrital limestone was crossed up to 3.0 m, then compact limestone conglomeratewas explored up to 59.5 m with lime marl benches. Then, up to 87A m, bauxite and Permniansandstone was found. The successive layers are shown in Fig. 1/7.2.- 1, while the detailed descriptionof the layers is found in Table 1/7.2.-4. When making the research boring for well K-3, under the thin topsoil detrital limestone was crossed up to 2.0 m, then limy dolomite was found up to 94.0 m. Up to 118.0 m slate clay was explored, then again dolomite and limestone was found. The successivelayers are shown in Fig. 1/7.2.-2,while the detailed description of the layers is found in Table 117.2.-2.
32 peoItoL 0- 0Cl)
0 - co
C9 consisfing of0-8mm n Clay (yellow) 0.. ,Limestone, pieL ,0) ,' o,,- ;,-Coesmpe1 4
.c } ,^ *.1_-,_§'-s' 4 Gslightly5- Cla--I _ (yellow)n... grn )! 6 2 {7-f1{~ o5, LimesyLUmestone, ctone(yelowish-(graY) gray cuJng C Li-'Liz'sandmestone,edolore'
Z E 1 | -. ,;,l. Limestone,rnLimestonegr,,dolomite cuttings, &V) clayey sandstone, X~~~5 0 Limestone,dolomiteanysa (grayn) _ . -. (resandstone,red-coloured.1 -- ,o Coremixedsampleli. cuttings, . heavily!
a.4CL withmany sand grains) .89 o ~Core samplell1.
C' . .Sandstone A ~~~~~~(redcoloured cuttings,'!a E 0:....0O.2-0.6 mm2 a) _ IL3,0 mediumrolled grains w -a. 3,0 me. * IJ72-Core saMpleIll.
Fig. 117.2.-I- Successivelayers Of k2rstic water well K-2 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineerirg and ContractorCo.
Table I/7.2-1. - Detailed description of the well logs of well K-2 Depth Detailed description m 0,0-0,5 Clay (yellow, heavilycledgy, heavily limy, with a few limestonepieces, slightly loessy) 0,5-3,0 Limestone pieces (lightyellowish-grayish, prous at some places, heavily decayed surface) 3,0-13,0 Limestone (yellowish-grayish,cuttings, 0 0.2-2.0 mm grains with wom surface, white and red coloured grains) 13,0-34,0 Limestone (gray, cuttings, 0 2-8 mm slightlyworn grains, grains consistingof sharp splintery-fracturingsolid rock material) 34,0-46,0 Limestone. dolomite(gray, cuttings, 0 0.5-0.6 mm, sharp- splinter plate- fracturinggrains, when adding 10% HC1,the powder of the material is intensivelyfizzin, the larger pieces not so much) 46,0-50,0 Limestone. dolomite(gray, cutting, 0 0.5-5.0 mm slightlyworn grains,based on the well logs and the following core sample it is porous, meshy) 50,0-51,0 Dolomite (dark-gry, porous-meshystructure, wih a decaying surface at som plces, when adding 10% HCI it is intensively -______fizzing) 51,0-56,2 Limestone. dolomit (gray cuttings, 0_2-6 m medium rolled grains, slid roc material) 56,2-87,4 Clav sanstone.sandstone (red coloured,mixed-type cuttings, heavily limy, with many sand grains, with sandstone material from the boring, based on the well logs less clayey between 62 ______and 65 m and 70 and 73 m 87,4-89,0 Sandstone (red, coarse grain, heavilyrolled grains, in siliceous bonding material, with many colouredmineral grains,with carbonate components) 89,0-113,0 Sandstone (red coloured cuttings, 0 0.2-0.6 mm medium rolled grains, mainly of quartz mterial, with a few coloured mixture, mixed-type) 113,0-114,0 Sandstone (red coloured, cledgly, non-limy, the upper part of the sample is more compact, with violet-brownishptches, fin grain, th lower part of the sample is of medium-sizean coarse grains of 0 0.2-0.6 mm mdium rolled grains, many quartz grain, with fewer colouredmixture) l
33 --I~~~~~~~~~~ 1t oTpdgjleocmtra
-5. .il. -. o5 *1 Whit,.ciompat Nial
> -r,, but consisting of relatively X ~~~~largecrystals
_ VI
I Ze w S ~E)dmelycracked. n F ot . ~~yellovwish-grayish_, 0.0I.
/,, ~~Yellbwish-grayish.. . / ' r~heyellowish-%*ite dolomite _4 0 i a bts 0kny.
cB ~~~Cement-glray.non-limy.
Dolomitew cith Mietn
_ g ln~~~DkmiiXebreccia ? i }24 ,C Based an well logs. 0. ' = _ 4)0 Z 130,Whitv Yel.cmsh-whitee a bit limy. bmesting of restone. . 30eYellouns-nite. Extredoly mrcei.t Yellowish-white 144,0._
n150,tYe(Iowish-whte, limy.
_Le dolowh-ite. - o o Yellow.D some gray firestone andslate cay pieces. ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineerng and UTERV ContractorCo.
Table 1/7.2-2- Detailed description of the well logs of well K-3 Depth, Detailed description m 0,0-2,0 Arenes 2,0-58,5 Limv dolomite (white, compact,but consisting of relatively large crystals) 58,5-80,0 Limn dolomite (Extremelycracked, yellowish-gray) 80,0-94,0 Dolomitewith firestone (yellowish-gray,yellowish-white, a bit limy) 94,0-118,0 Slate clay (cement-gray,non-limy) 118,0-124,0 Dolomitebreccia (based well logs) 124,0-130,0 Dolomitewith firestone (yellowish-white,a bit limy) 130,0-134,0 Limestonewith firestone (yellowish-white) 134,0-144,0 Limy dolomite (yellowish-white) 144,0-150,0 Dolomitebreccia (yellowish-white,liny) 150,0-180,0 Limy dolomite (yellow, with a few gray firestoneand slate clay pieces)
1/7.3 Air quality
The Department of Air Hygiene of the National Public Health Institute (OKI) prepared a study on the air quality of the area of Balatonfiffi-Lit6r in the period between October 1988 and March 1994. The study was based on the measuring data of the National Immission Measuring Network. We demonstratethe air quality conditionsof the region on the basis of this study.
Description of the general air conditions of the Balatonfia*XLivir region
The Central-Danubian industrial area, from Szekesfehervar to Ajka, from environmentalpoint of view, is the most exposed region of the country. Within this region, the area surrounded by Varpalota, Veszprem and Balatonfiizfo is the most contaminatedarea. This also holds for the air of the region.
34 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.
According to the regulationsin force, the pollution load indexes for Liter and BalatonfUizr, for solid particles are: S0 2, NOx and CO - 60%, other contaminants - 50%.
From the emission data of the region, OKI has detennined by propagation calculations the average immissionvalues for the settlements of the region. These values are shown in Table 17.3.-4.
Table 1/7.3.-1 - Immission values caleulated from the propagation of the emissions (many years' average coneentrations) Igm3 Settlement s02 NO2 Dust CO Balatonalmadi 15 33 33 850 Balatonf;fii 23 35 48 970 Balatonkenese 23 35 40 950 Kiralyszentistvan 18 24 36 650 Lit6r 20 26 40 950 Papkeszi 23 35 40 950 S6ly 18 24 36 650 Szentkirilyszabadja 20 26 48 970 Veszpr6m 30 45 40 1100
Note: The yearly limit values for the pollutantsof the table in the areas of Protection categoryI are the following
S02 70 pg/m3 N02 70 jig/rm3 dust 50 pg/rm3 CO 2000 jg/rm3
The background pollution of the area are significantly influenced by the industrial emissionsof the Inota-Varpalota-P6tregion and Balatonflzifo.
35 ETV-ERlTERV Rt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co.
The main pollution source of the narrower BalatonfiizfSo-Lit6rarea is the P(zfoi industrial plant: chemical industry, power plant and paper mill. The nearby road traffic is also a significant pollution source, mainly in the summer period: road traffic along the shore of Lake Balaton, in western direction main road No. 8, and the road connecting the two latters, crossing Lit6r. The increased pollution in a 100-200 m section of this road is well manifest by the measurements.
According to the data of the environmentalinfornation system, in the relevant 20x20 m emission cadaster the following emissions were measured in 1992,as shown in Table In7.3.-2.
Table 117.3.-2 - Values of the 20x20 km emission cadaster of the Balatonffizf5-Lit6r area in 1992 ilotonslyear Power Residential plant Industry Traffic services, Total -O.kt i 1 05 9agricltre SO_,kt 5.6 0,1 8,5 NO, kt 0,5 0,6 0,4 0,1 1,6 Solid kt 0,3 0,6 0,1 0,1 1,1 CO kt 1,3 13,2 1.8 0.2 16.5
As it is shown in the Table, in the case of sulfur-dioxidethe emissions of the power plant was decisive, while the overwhelming majority of carbon- monoxyde emissionscan be attributed to the industrialtechnologies.
Description of the air quality of the BalatonfizfW&Litirregion
Kirilyszentistvhn(Fig. 1/73.-4) Sulfur-dioxide pollution is much higher than the average. Outstandingvalues appear in the heating season, but these are still below the limit value. Nitrogen-dioxidepollution is significantly higher than the average value, also with respect to the 98% frequency. There is only a small difference between the values of the heating and non-heating seasons. Looking back to several years, the pollution trend is stagnatingbelow the limit value. Settling dust values show outstanding values in some specific half-years,but these excess values have no tendency or regularity. Among the basic pollutants settling dust is the one which shows a significant excess frequency (12-30%).
36 ETV-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.
Balatonfizfe-gvartelep (Fig 1t7.1.-2) Sudfur-dioxidepollution is low, outstanding values appear only in the 98% frequency value, but only in some specific heating seasons. Its tendency is stagnatingbelow the limit value. Nitrogen-dioxidepollution has an increasingtendency, but it is still under the limit value. The summer and winter values do not differ significantly. 98% frequency values are significantlyhigher than the average, in some cases there are also outstandingvalues. Settling dust load is stagnating, excess values occurred in two half-years (1989-90 heating season, 1991non-heating season).
Balatonfuzfd (town) (Fig. I/ 73.-3) With respect to the average values, suUkr-dioxide pollution cannot be considered significant, outstanding values were registered in the 98% frequency values, primarily in the heating seasons. In 1990 there were excess values both in the heating and non-heatingseasons, but since then no excess values appeared, i.e. sulfur-dioxidepollution shows a stagnating tendency. Nitrogen-dioxide pollution started with high values in 1989. After a provisional reduction it is increasing again, but there were no excess values neither in the heating season, nor in the non-heatingseason. Settling dust load reached an excess valuein 1990-91,since then it was below the limit value.
Peremarton (Fig. 1/73.14) Sulfir-dioxide pollution is stagnatingon a low level, there have been no excess values. Nitrogen-dioxide polludon is on a higher level, but no excess values were measured.The pollution tendency is slightlyincreasing. Settling dust load have shown a decreasing tendency during the measuring period. Excess values were measured in 3 half-years (1989 non-heating seison. 1989-90 and 1991-92 heating seasons), in the last two years of the measuringperiod no excess values were measured.
37 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo.
Balatonalmadi(Fig. 1173.-5) Sulfur-dioxidepollution is on a low level, no excess values were registered in the measuring period. There were some outstanding values in some specific half-years, which are also shown by the 98% frequency values (1989-90 and 1991-92heating seasons). Nitrogen-dioxide pollution was below the limit value with one exception (1989-90 heating season). The pollution tendency is stagnating. However, the 98% frequencies show significant concentrations with respect to average in every half-year. Settling dust load shows an increasing tendency, but it is still below the limit value. Significant excess occurred only in one single half-year (1991 non- heating season), but this was the only case. VesZDrem(Fig. I/7.3.-6) We calculated an average value from the measuring data of the three measuring stations of the town, since we consider the town as a source with respect to the impact to the region. (From this point of view it is not important to display in detail the pollution registeredby the measuringstations.) Sulfur-dioxidepollution is on a low level, it has a stagnating tendency below the limit value. Similar to the above cases, the 98% frequencies show higher values in some specific half-years,which refers to local impacts. Nitrogen-dioxidepollution shows a more steady picture, the tendency is also stagnating, however, there are outstanding values in every half-year. In such cases the 98% frequency values show three times higher concentrations than the average. There was an excess by 5-10% in almost every half-year, which is significant,and which can be attributed to the traffic. Settlingdust load is significant in the town, there is a 10% frequency of excess values in every half-year. Settling dust load tendency has not shown any change during the measuringperiod.
38 KiraIyszentistvan Fig. 117.3-1 Pollutiontrend
S02,N02,pg/m3 Settlingdust. g/m2'30 days 1 6 120j -
100 14 12
80.1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 601 [-8 401 j 6 [4 20 - --..
88-89F 89NF 89-90F 9ONF 90-91F 91NF 91-92F 92NF 92-93F 93NF 93-94F half-year
S02 N02 --- Settlingdust,
F IhnIf-vfpr with h:ttnne) N\IF: h:If-v,Ppr withnilt heatina) Balatonfiuztb) gyarielepF Pollutiontrend
S02,NO2,pg/m3 Settling dust 9Qi1112*Z3days 120 II
loOj 30~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a
60
40 .;
'10l
o lu 88-89F 89NF 89-90F 9ONF 90-91F 91NFr 91-921- 92?1' b -9:3F 9:311FS:Y-94F half-year
- 802 N02 - Settling dust
F (half-yearwith heating) NF (half-yearwithout heating) Balatonfiz f6 Fig. M.3.3 Pollutiontrend
S02,NO2,,ug/m3 Settlingdust g/nm2-3(j days 1 2 0 1
100'
8°0! I, 60
.,.. ... *.1 40- 2 202
1 t- X - * . . * . -
88-89F 89NF 89-90F OONF 9U-91F 91HUF 9t-!9 S02 N02 - - Settlingdust F (half-yearwith heating) NF (half-yearwithout heating) Peremarton Fig. 117.3.4 Pollution trend 802,NO2,pg/m3 Settlingdust. g/m2*30 days 214 12 80 -!------ 604 i. . 40-i 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ; .44 1 . 6 88-89F 89NF 89*-90F 9ONF 90-91F 91HF 91-92F 92N1F 92-93F 93NF 93-94V half-year S02 N02 Settlingdust F (half-yearwith heating) NF (half-yearwithout heating) Balatonalmadi Fig. I/7.3-5 Pollutiontrend 8302,NO2,liq/mn3 Settlingdust q/m2*30 days 1201 10 10014 !. 80 ! -6 .... L 60_ i~ _-__.* - '4 40 20, - 20 I L 0 88-89F 89NF 89-90F 9ONF 90-91F 91NF 91-92F 92NF 92-93F 93NF 93-94F half-year - -- S02 N02 Setfflingdust F (half-yearwith heating) NF (half-yearwithout heating) Veszprem Fig. 1/7.3.4 Pollution trend S02,NO ,wlq/m3 Senlingdust A//m2"30 days 1200 12 80 .... 601 6 40j -4 ,. I 20 1-2 88-89F 89NF 89-90F 9ONF 90-91F 91NF 91-92F 92NF 92-93F 93NF 93-94F half-year S02 N02 Settflingdust F (half-yearwith heating) NF(half-year without heating) ETV-EROTERV Rt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co. Condusions: With respect to the basic pollutants, air quality conditionsare favorable in the area of Liter. Kiraiyszentistvan,BalatonfGzfo-gyfrtelep and Balatonfizfoitown are within a 5 km distancefrom Liter. The air quality of these three settlements with respect to sulfur-dioxideand nitrogen-dioxidepollution can be considered satisfactory,while the settlingdust load is objectionable. Peremarton, Balatonalmadi and Veszpr6m are at a greater distance, within approx. 10 km from the site. These settlements are also characterized by a greater settling dust load. In Veszpr&n town - as an impact of road traffic - in some cases nitrogen-dioxideconcentrations are over the limit value. Further loadability of the region is problematic, primarily with respect to settling dust. 1.7.4 Flora and fauna 1/7.4.2Botany The site of the projected plant and its surrounding belongs to the floristic region of the Transdanubian Central Mountain (Bakonyicum) within the Hungarian floral sector (Pannonicum).Within this region there are two floral districts: the northempart belongs to the Bakony-V6rtesdistrict(Vesprimense), while the southern part belongs to the Balaton district (Balatonicum). The border line of the two districts is the line of Nagyvazsony-Nemesvamos-Liter- Vilonya-Osisettlements. According to the map of the climatic zones of the vegetation determinedby the climatic conditions,the whole area belongs to the zone of the hilly and woody steppe of the lowland edge. Accordingly, the potential vegetation (natural vegetation,without human impacts)map shows Illyrian-typetomentose karstic oakwoods (with karstic scrub forest and rock grass), Tartar maplewoods and loess oakwoods,and, along S6d-Veszpremand at the northern-easternshore of the Fiizfi5bay, floodlandgalleries. No Turkey oak and oakwood were found at the climatic zones (natural occurrences of plakor position), but they may appear extrazonally,at the northern sides and at the lower lands. 39 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co. With respect to the potential vegetation, the thousand years old human cultural effects have significantlychanged the vegetationof the region. Similar to the other parts of the country,currently there is no trace of the Tartar maple woods and loess oakwoods.The main reasons are: - the soil of the loess oakwoods is good for ploughlands, therefore they have been for centuries under agriculturalcultivation; - due to forest clearings and agricultural cultivationthe loess cover on the hillsides were washed down and the dolomite base rock became uncovered,thus only tomentose oakwoodscan live on them; - due to the flood control of the creeks running to S6d-Veszpr6mand to the Fizfo- bay the associated floodlandgalleries -have died. The excessive forest clearing on the hillsides of dolomite base rock has resulted in the washdown of the soil, therefore, due to degradation, only inferior karstic scrub forests and rock grass can live here (open and closed dolomite rock grass, sloping steppe with rock grass). In sloping areas it is often difficult to determine,whether the vegetation is primary or it has formed due to degradation. the main types of vegetation - in succession of plant communities - are the following: Natural or semi-culturalcommunities: Open dolomite rock grass (Seseli leucospermi- Festucetum pallentis Z6lyomi (1036) 1958, 1966). Pioneer communities of dolomite ridges and steep dolomite slopes. The eponym species is the Hungarian seseli leucospermum and festuca pallens. The grass cover is low (30-70%).It occupies a significant place on the dolomite hills of Hajmneskr, Liter, S6ly and Vilonya. The needlegrass sub-associationappears at a more intensive closure. During site walks we have found some typical sorts of it: draba lasiocarpa, paronychia cephalotes, carex humilis, homungia petreae, dianthus plumarius ssp. regis- stephani. 40 ETV-EROTERVRt. (~~ ) RV Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Closed dolomite rock grass (Festuco pallenti - Brometum pannonici Z6lyomi (1942) 1958). It is a grass community which has formed on the fine dolomite detritus of the colder northem slopes. In addition to the eponym species we can often find another species: carex humilis. According to its exposure, it is primarily characterized by cold-demanding species. In the region there are groups of this species occupyingsmaller areas. Dolomiteslopes covered with rock grass (steppe) (Chrysopogono- Caricetum humilis (Soo 1930, Z6lyomi 1950). It is a closed plant communitydeveloping parallel with the thickeningtopsoil. In addition to carex humilis which appears often in dolomite grass, we can also find chrysopogongryllus. Festuca pallens is withdrawing, while festuca rupicola and festuca valesiaca appears in larger quantities. Stipa capillata can also be found often. From among the protected species of this type of vegetationwe have found pulsatillanigricans, pulsatilla grandis and adonis vernalis. The two pulsatillas do not appear often in this area. The above three communities may form mosaic-like complexes with each other and with the dolomitekarstic scrub forests. Dolomite karstic scrub forest (Cotino - Quercetum pubescentis So6 1931, Z6lyomi 1958)The small-size, separate patches of this type of vegetationforn mosaic-line complexes with rock grasses and steppe meadows. It is a short forest. Its foliage is characterizedby tomentose oak (quercus pubescens) and flowering ash. On the shrub level the site is characterizedby sumac, which surroundsthe group of trees as a skirt On the grass level, which is rich in soft- stalk species, several protected species may appear. A part of these are characteristicrock grass species forming mosaic-like complexes. Calciphilous oakwood (Omo-Quer=ettm pubescentis So6 1928) Horiszky- Jakucs-Z6lyomi 1958). The oak forest is consisted of short, generally 15-18 m high trees. In addition to the three drought-resistantspecies (tomentose,sessile and Turkey oak) flowering ash can also often be found. The foliage of the trees closes loose, therefore the shrub level is often impassable, on the grass level light- and heat-demandingspecies can be found. The former great-size forests have been forced back by forest clearings. 41 L ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineenngand E RV ContractorCo. Turkey-sessile oakwood (Quercetum petreae - cenis So6 1957). The plant community may appear extrazonally, at some places of the area. Its actual presence can be confirned by site walks. Cultivatedplant communities Ploughlands. It is the task of future site walks to list the plants cultivated on the ploughlands and to determinetheir proportion. Black pine plantations. The black pine plantations, prefenred so much by foresters, occupy large areas on barren dolomite rocks and their grassy slopes despite the fact, that by now it has become clear, that the middle-age black pine woods die in the lack of water, and thus their plantation is neither economical, nor favorablefrom nature protection point of view. 1/7.4.2Zoology Based on zoologicalgeography, the area under investigationbelongs partly to the Balaton Highland, partly to Mezofdld. The site walks, the mapping of habitats and the collectiontook place in the first half of April. Due to the early spring period the activity of the fauna has not made possible to give a full characterizationof the area. Based on the character of the habitats numerous precious species are expected to appear. The dry dolomiterock grass and the sloping steppes dominatingthe area may be the home of numerous xerotherrnicspecies. ardtropodal species, while the suroundings of waters and water flows may be the habitat of rare hygrofilic species. From among the vertebrate animals a number of species have already appeared, thus for example four species of super-birds of prey. From among small mammalianswe have to mention squirrel. 42 ETV-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. 1/7.4.3Plant and animal indicatorgroups The selection of indicator groups, both for plants and animal, can take place only following detailed exploration. Based on the available data and experiences the fauna shall primarily be affected by airborn emissions.With regard to the dominatingwind direction, when selecting the indicatorgroups, first of all the flora and fauna of the Mogyor6 mountain can be taken into account, which is exposedto both directand indirect impacts. We think, that in the other areas only moderate impacts shall appear, and they can hardly be separated - from methodological point of view - from the other intensive background pollution sources (pollutionof Balatonffzfo, P6tfiirdo,Vhrpalota). In order to select the animal indicatorgroups, the soil traps have already been set out and data collectionon the fauna has already been started. 1/7.4.4Diversity of habitats and their changes The short period of time at our disposal is not sufficient for the determination of the actual and correct diversity conditions, the ecological investigations require longer time (several years), and the changes of diversity can only be demonstrated on the basis of these investigations. Currently only an approximation and estimationcan be given based on the explored species and the frequency of their appearancein the area. The investigationsare underway. 1/7.5 Noise emission, current noise load of the area The area surrounding the Liter sub-station is partly agricultural area, partly industrial area, and partly residentialand administrativearea of low building density. There are several traffic roads in the vicinity (the heavy traffic main road No. 72 and the roads between Veszpremand Kirilyszentistvan)the traffic of which make the environmentnoisy. The permissible noise load values (noise immission) originating from the activities in the industrialplants (based on Attachment No. 1 to Decree No. 4/1984.(I.23.)EuM)are shown in Table 1/7.5.-1: 43 ETV-EROTERVRt Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Table 1/7.3-1- Limit values of noise load caused by industriial plants LAeq LAeq Fnction of the area dB dB day night 600 220o 220o-6OO Residentialand office building 50 40 area, low buildingdensity where:LAeq is the permissible equivalentsound pressure level A The limit values of the table hold only for residential and administrativearea of low building density (i.e. for the part of the area with dwelling houses to be protected), since in the other parts of the area there are not buildings to be protected, and thus noise load limit values should not be complied with. Consult-R Enviromnent Development Partnership Company performed measurementsto determine the noise emissionof the sub-station of Liter. The measurementshave been carried out on April 10, 1996 according to Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ-13-111-85 and MSZ 18150/1-83. The location of the measuring points are shown in Fig. 117.5.-i, while the equivalent and noise emission sound pressure A- levels, the calculated noise emission limit values and the ground noise values are shown in Table 1/7.5.-2. The noise emission sound pressure level A at the measuring points shall be calculatedwith the following fonnula: LAE=LAeq+Kl +K2+K 3 wvhere: LAeg is the equivalentsound pressure level A (dB) K Is the correction due to ground noise (dB) K2 is the correctionrelating to impulsenoises (dB) K3 is the correctiondue to the narrow-bandcharacter of the noise (dB) 44 MainroadNo. 72 o : o ojj o *-1.;.,. .,°...12oa ,? . °Or 0 03 ~ -ff*w75r J- - '-~' 'iA~O-"''-'' ' 1. * D- tjjjj.---AA,1 5 6- ______~~~Tableli7.5-2a. - Noise measurinpg results 1.______No. of Locationof the measuring LAa LAm LAeq LAeq LKH LKH LAE LAE g l measuring point day night day night day night day night point dB_dB___dBdB dB dB dB dB dB dB 1101 Westernborder of the site, 40 36 44 43 70 70 42 42 _ northern edge ___ 1102 Main entrance 40 36 48 46 70 70 47 46 1103 Westernborder of the site, 39 36 42 41 70 70 39 39 ______southem edge _ _ _ 2101 Southem border of the site, 39 36 43 42 70 67 41 41 western edge 2102 Southem border of the site 40 36 48 47 70 67 47 47 2103 Southem border of the site 40 36 52 50 70 67 52 50 2104 Southern border of the site 40 36 59 58 70 67 59 58 2105 Southern border of the site 40 36 61 59 70 67 61 59 2106 Southem border of the site 40 36 59 58 70 67 59 58 2107 Southem border of the site 40 36 61 61 70 67 61 61 2108 Southem border of the site 40 36 63 62 70 67 63 62 2109 Southem border of the site 40 36 61 61 70 67 61 61 i0 sm 'IO am' LA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C Table I/7.5-2/b. - Noise m asuiniii results 11. ____ No. of Locationof the measuring LAa LAa LAeq LAeq LKH LKH LAE LAE ifl measuring point day night day night day night day night point __ dB dB dB_ dB dB dB dB dB 2110 Southem border of the site 39 36 53 53 70 67 53 53 2111 Southernborder of the site 40 36 49 48 70 67 48 48 2112 Southem border of the site 40 36 49 49 70 67 48 49 2113 Southem border of the site 40 36 51 50 70 67 51 50 2114 Southem border of the site, 40 36 50 50 70 67 50 50 eastem edge 3101 Eastem border of the site, 40 36 50 49 70 70 50 49 southem edge 3102 Eastern border of the site 40 36 52 52 70 70 52 52 3103 Eastem border of the site 40 36 51 50 70 70 51 50 3104 Eastem border of the site 40 36 51 50 70 70 51 50 3105 Eastem border of the site 40 36 48 47 70 70 47 47 3106 Eastern border of the site, 39 36 45 43 70 70 44 42 northernedge OTrn 4101 Northemborder ofthe site, 39 36 45 44 70 70 44 43 0 eastemedge _m 4102 Northem border of the site 39 36 47 46 70 70 46 46 a m ! 4103 Northem border of the site 39 36 46 45 70 70 45 44 m 4104 Northemborder of the site 39 36 48 48 70 70 47 48A U ______T~~,able1/7.5-2/c. -_Noise m su igresults Ill. ______No. of Locationof the measuring LAa LAa LAeq LAeq1 LKH LKH LAE LAE 4 Where: LAa - the equivalentsound pressure level A of the ground noise LAE - noise emission sound pressure level A LAeq - equivalent sound pressure level A LKH - calculated noise emission limit value 00 * - resultantof the traffic noise, the ground noise and the noise made by the sb-station,the noise madeby sub-station m cannot be determined m - the referencesound pressurelevel A (LAxf)determined according to the HungarianStandard Specifications MSZ 181150/1-83 (Section 5.1.3.) ,. < -noise load limit value to l l ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Reasons of the day/nightnoise emission limit values of the table: In the vicinity of three border lines of the Lit6r sub-station there are no dwelling houses to be protected,thus the noise load limit values should not be complied with. On the measuringsurfaces exposed at a distance of 10 m from these three border lines (measuring surface I - measuring points 1101-1103, measuringsurface IV - measuringpoints 4101-4105, and measuringsurface III - measuring points 3101-3106), according to Section 3.2 of Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ-13-111-85, the highest value of the permissible noise emission limit value, i.e. 70 dB can be taken into account as noise emission limit value. In the direction of measuringsurface II (measuringpoints 2101-2114),located at a distance of d=l 0 m from the border line of the site, at a distance of 700 m there are dwelling houses to be protected, and thus the noise emission limit value should be determinedfor this measuringsurface by calculationin a way, that the noise emissionlimit values should be complied with at a distance of 2 m from the facade of the buildings. In case of dwelling housesto be protected, the noise emission limit value LKH (dB) should be calculatedby the following formula: LKH = LTH + KN + KR + KD where: LTH is the noise load (noise immission) limit value permissible in the environment of the plant, dB, which can be determinedfor the various parts of the environmentof the sub-station taking into considerationthe function of the specific area as indicated in Table 117.5.-. In our case the function of the area to be taken into considerationis a residential and administrativearea of low building density. KN is the correction associated with the number of noise sources in the environment(in our case 0 dB) KR is the correction associatedwith the echo (in our case 0 dB) KD is the correction associatedwith noise propagation. 48 ETV/ER6TERV Rt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. The correction associatedwith noise propagationKD, in case of measuringthe permissible noise emission limit value in dB, should be calculated by the following formula (according to Section 3.3.4 of Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ-13-l 11-85): KD = L*AE - L*AM where: L*AE is the noise emissionsound pressure level A measured at the critical point of the measuringsurface, dB L*AM the highest standard sound pressure level A in the same direction, dB The standard sound pressure level A can be calculated by the following formula (accordingto Hungarian StandardSpecifications MSZ 18150/1-83): LAM -LAeq+KI +K2+K 3 Since, according to the measurements,the noise was not of a narrow-bandand it had not a pulsed character, (the correction value of K2 and K3 was zero), only the correction associated with ground noise (KI) had to be taken into consideration. When making the calculationsfor measuringsurface II, KD (day) could not be calculated (since the standard sound pressure level A could not be determined due to the heavy taffic noise), we calculated with the night values. KD (night) = 27 dB for dwelling houses under investigation. With the calculated KD = 27 dB the noise emission limit value shall be equivalentto 67 dB(A) in the night period, on measuringsurface II exposed at a distance of 10 m from the border line of the site. In the day-time period, due to the lower 50 dB(A)noise load limit value (noise emission limit value would be 77 dB), we can apply 70 dB(A), the maximum noise emission limit value, on measuringsurface II. At the time of the investigationsthe noise emission of the sub-station was approx. 80% of the maximum possible value. At this time 4 transformers (from the existing 5) were operated together with 12 cooling fans. This can be considerednormal working conditions. 49 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Comparing LAE noise emission sound pressure levels A determined at the specific measuringpoints and the associated LKH noise emission limit values, we can state the following: a) In the day-time period (6 A.M. - 10 P.M.) the noise emitted by the sub- station was lower than the permissible noise emission limit values at the reference measuring points. The ground noise at the dwelling houses to be protected was higher - due to the noise load of the nearby road with heavy traffic - than the noise load of the sub-station,it was over the noise load limit value (50 dB(A)). b) In the night period the ground noise in the environmentof the sub-station was lower than that of the day-timeperiod. On the measuringsurfaces exposed at the border lines of the site no excess val.es were measured, the measured values were lower than the relevant noise emission limit values (67 resp. 70 dB(A) ). The noise load value at the dwelling houses to be protected was max. 38 dB(A), below the limit value. 50 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineering and R VERp Contractor Co. Current noise load caused by road traffic Noise load limit values permissible for newly designed or changed function areas, originatingfrom road traffic (based on Attachment No. 3 to Decree No. 4/1984.(I.23.)EuiM)areshown in Table I/7.5.-3. Table 1/7.5-3 A. B. Function of the area day night day night LAeq LAeqd LAeq LAeq ______dB - ~~~~B dB dB Residentialand office building area, low building density 55 45 60 50 where: A on the roads of residentialareas and on roads without through-traffic B on collection- and main traffic roads, along branching railway lines, in the environment of airports (used solely by propeller planes) and heliports. The limit values of noise load caused by road traffic, displayed in Table I/7.5- 3, are only guiding values for the existing roads, their application is not mandatory. The noise load values measured in the day-timeperiod at the dwelling houses show, that the noise load caused by road traffic is close to the guiding values, or it is higher by some dBs. 51 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT OF LITItR (Secondary reserve) DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY PART I THE PROJECTED ACTIVITY AND THE EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 52 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. PowerEngineering and Contractor Co. II/1 DESCRJ'TION OF THE OPERATION OF THE PROJECTED GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT The gas turbine power plant is one of the technologies of electric energy production processes which causes the least environmentalpollution. During its operation only airbome emissions and noise mean a pollution load to the environment. The decisive technologicalelement of the power plant is the gas tutbine, which has three main parts: the compressor, the combustion chamber and the turbine. The compressor compresses the suction air to the required pressure for combustion. The fuel is burnt by special burners. The turbine is rotated by the expansion of the high pressure and high temperature flue gas discharging from the combustion chamber.Electric energy is generatedby a generator connected to the turbine. The generating flue gas is discharged to the open air through a stack. The gas turbine is mounted with a silencer both at the suction side and at the stack. The operation scheme and the axonometric view of the gas turbine is shown in Fig. 1111.-1,while the view and the axonometricpicture of the container unit are shown in Fig. IIL1.-2. During combustion at a high ternperature a part of the suction air and the nitrogen-containingcompounds of the fuel form nitrogen oxides. Their amount depends on the temperatureof the flame and on the time of residence of the gases in the combustion chaTnber.The rate of nitrogen oxide generation can be kept on a low level by the proper formation of the combustion chamber, respectively by water injection. The fuel also contains some sulfur, in a very small quantity (max. 0.2%). During combustion this forms sulfur dioxide. The carbon monoxide and soot emission of the newest types of turbines is minimal. In the present phase of planning neither the number of the required gas turbines has not been determined, nor the type has not been selected. Based on the received informnalproposals we have selected one from among the possible types for demonstratingthe environmentalimpacts of the projected power plant, which has the most unfavorablecharacteristics from environmentalpoint of view. 53 ETV-EROTERVRL EnergetikaiTervez6 6s Vfllalkoz6R6szv6nytirsasAg High-pressurecompressor Low-pressurecompressor Combustionchamber Air flow High-pressureturbine Air flow Low-pressure tur Gas turbine Fig. III1.-l/a - Operation scheme of the gas turbine Fig. II/1.-l1b - Axonometric view of the gas turbine ' I o ETV-EROTERVRt. 3RTERV) Enrgedkal Tervez6 6s VdlbIakoz6R6szv6nytdwsag Air filter I---~~~~4- Generator Gear drive Gas turbine Fig. I1(1.-21a- View of the gas turbine container unit Fig. IIJ1.-2/b - Axonometric view of the gas turbine container unit ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The power plant shall have 100-120MW capacity generated by one or two gas turbines. The most probable solution shall be a two-block facility, but the single- block version cannot be excluded either. During the investigation of the environrmentalimpacts the most important difference between the two solutions is the analysis of the air pollution, since there is a significant difference between them with respect to immission. During the investigation of the environmental impacts the highest possible capacity - 120 MW - shall be considered as a reference. The characteristics of the power plant associated with this capacity (based on the received informal proposals and the preliminary discussions with the potential suppliers) have changed as follows with respect to the version presented in the preliminary environmentalimpact study: Type: not yet selected Capacity: 120 MW Efficiency: 40% Quantity: 1 or 2 Operation: Number of startings/year - average 10 - maximum 60 - minimum 5 Expected operation time of one starting: 2 hours Sulfur content of the projected fuel: max. 0.2% Heating value of the fuel: min. 41 000 kJ/kg Fuel consumption: 7.3 kg/s Emitted flue gas: 365 kgls, which is equivalentto 285 cu.m/s flue gas of normal condition (273 K, 101.3 kPa) Temperatureof the emittedflue gas: 4800C 54 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. Concentrationsof pollutantsin the emitted flue gas: nitrogen oxides max. 145 mg/cu.m (70 ppm) sulfur-dioxide max. 104 mg/cum carbon-monoxide max. 20 mg/cu.m soot <4 (blackeningnumber accordingto the Bacharach scale) Emissionof pollutants: nitrogen oxides max. 149 kg/h sulfur-dioxide max. 107 kg/h carbon-monoxide max. 20.5 kg/h Height of the stack 51 m (40 m) Noise emissionof the equipment max. 85 dB(A) sound pressure level on the emission surfaces exposed at a distance of 1 m from the container units, resp. from the huildings For the physical-chemical characteristics of the fuel oil to be used as a fuel material, specified on the basis of a preliminary agreement with MOL Rt, see Table II/1.-1. 55 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineedngand ContractorCo. Table EII/.-l. - Characteristics of the as turbine fuel oil Densityat 200C, at least 0.8 kg /dm3 Viscosity at 20°C 2.5-8 mm2/s Solidificationpoint - in winter -10°C - in summer 0°C Open cup flash point 55°C Sulfur content max. 0,2% Water soluble acid and alkali content none Corrosion test (coppersheet at 500C, during 3 negative hours) Mechanicalcontamination none Water content in traces Specificheating value 42 000 kJ/kg Vanidium < 0.5 ppm Na+K 5 0.5 ppm Lead < 1 ppm Zinc < 2 ppm Calcium 5 10 ppm Ash <• 00 ppm Chlorine < 2 ppm 56 ETV-ER(TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. 11/2 CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY 11/2.1 Earthworks According to the soil mechanical tests carried out for the construction and foundationworks, the base rock under the thin topsoil is sandstone.Currently the site is a ploughland under cultivation. The soii of the green areas has a good water absorption, therefore no dewatering is required and the appearance of groundwateris not expectedeither. The excavated soil layer shall be stockpiledsafely in order to be backfilled after the construction. Approx. 3000 cu.m soil shall be excavated at the site of the engineering structures, but this volume shall not be removed from the site, because it shall be used for terrain correctionafter the construction. 11/2.2Construction, assembly The construction work associated with the main equipment is basically foundationwork, since the equipmentis built from container units. With regard to the soil mechanical characteristics, in order to prevent the propagation of vibrations, the reinforced concrete foundation block shall be installed in a reinforced concrete basin, it shall contact with the foundation through a 6 cm thick vibra cork or another anti-vibrationmaterial layer. The main transformer shall have a reinforced concrete block base placed in a reinforced concreteoil catch basin having a closed stone bed. For the connections to the network several reinforcedconcrete base structures shall be built. For the storage of the fuel two 1000 cu.m above-groundcylindrical tanks shall be installedin vertical position, provided with a fixed roof and an inner floating roof. The tank shall have thermal insulation, an alumina sheet casing and a reinforced concrete protective ring. Demi water shall be stored in two 300 cu.m capacitycontainers installedon a reinforcedconcrete base. 57 - l ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co. The building materials and the technologicalequipment shall be transported to the site by road. The construction period - approx. 8-10 months - shall be characterizedby an intensive transportationactivity, therefore we have to count with the increase of road traffic. Transportation of building materials: in average 100 t/tday (i.e. 4-5 trucks/day, during earthworks and concrete works 6-8 trucks/day). During the construction period approx. 600-700 cu.m concrete resp. approx. 60 t steel shall arrive to the site. Concrete shall be transportedin mixer trucks. Technology:main equipment(turbines, generators,transformers - machine parts, stack parts, tanks) shall be transported pre-assemnbled,by special trailers. Auxiliary equipment and machine parts shall be transported by normal trucks with an average frequency of 2-3trucks/day during the 2-3 month period of asembly. During the construction and assembly works mobile toilets and bathroom containers shall be installed on the site based on an agreement with the building company. The collection and the disposal of the generating waste water shall be the responsibilityof the building company. The conmnunalwaste and the debris which is not qualified as hazardous waste (for exampleoffal, packing materials, etc.) shall be collected and disposed by the contractor performing the building and assembly works. According to the relevant regulations,possible hazardous wastes (as for example paint wastes, oily rags, etc.) in all cases shall be collected, stored on a temporary basis and disposed by the contractor. 11/2.3Changes takdng place in the environmental elements Air quality During the constructionworks we have to count with a temporary dust load of the environment due to the removal of the vegetation,the foundation work and other earthworks. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the machines shall not be significant due to the distance of the constructionsite from the residential area (the closest dwellinghouse is at a distance of 600 m). 58 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and e ERV aContractorCo. The pollution of the access roads of the site means a secondary pollution (the vehicles passing through the area shall disturb the clay-mud-sandmixture on the road from time to time), but this shall affect only the immediate vicinity of the roads, the pollution shall decrease parallel with the distance from the construction site. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the increased road traffic shall not be significant comparedwith the current pollution load of the heavy traffic roads in the area. Thus the traffic associated with the construction shall not have a significant impact on the air quality of the area. Soil quality and subsurface waters The impacts of the construction works shall be manifest only in the plant site. Since the plant site shall already be excluded from agricultural cultivation by the time of the construction works, so-called "green damages" (treading underfoot) during constructionmay not be expected. The excavatedtopsoil shall be stocpiled separately and shall be backfilled after the construction,and care shall be taken, that a humic layer shall be at the top, where it is needed. The soil shall only be affected by physical impacts (for example compaction), chemical impacts may not occur if technological discipline shall be respected. The building company shall be obliged to prevent the spill of any chemicals (on the ground), or - in case of a possible contamination - to remediate the soil; furthermore to remove any offal from the site when demobilizing. Soil contanination shall be prevented by full compliance with the water protection and waste managementregulations. Subsurface waters could only be contaminated through the soil, which may not take place with regard to the above. Surface waters Since there are no surface waters in the work site and its immediate vicinity, during the construction works we do not have to count with pernicious environmentalimpacts affecting surface waters. 59 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. Communal waste waters shall be collected in closed containers and shall be transported for disposal by licensed contractors, thus no waste water shall be discharged into the environment. Noise load of the environment in the construction period The construction, resp. building or demolition works are not performed on a permnanentbasis, it is an activity which shall be completed within a shorter or longer period of time. For this reason, the permissible noise level values are higher for such works than those prescribed for the time of operation based on regional categories. During construction the following activities (increasing the noise load) shall be canied out: Transportationof materialsand equipmentnecessary for the construction, -noise of the constructionand the assembly, transportationof the wastes and debris generating during construction. The permissible noise load limit values originating from the construction work have been determined for the investigated site on the basis of Attachment No. 2 of Decree No. 4/1984.(I.23.)EMiM,for a period of time shorter than 1 year (see Table II/2.3-1). Table Hl/23.-I - Permissible noise load limit values originating from the construuction work Function of the area Day, dB(A) Night, dB(A) Residential and administrative area of low building density 60 45 The construction works shall be performed in day time, in the open air. Considering the relevant regional categories and the distance of the dwelling houses to be protected from the site of construction (the closest dwelling houses to be protected are at a distance of 600 m from the site), respectively the 60 dB(A) day-time noise load limit value, excess noise load values are not expected at the dwelling houses to be protected. The transportationof the generatingwastes from the site and the transportationof the materials and equipmentrequired for the constructionshall be by road. Based on 60 E1V-EROTERVRt. Power Engineenngand ContractorCo. previous estimationappmx. 900 heavy truck tum-rounds shall be required for the transportation of the various materials and equipment. Since this shall be performed expectedly within a period of time shorter than 1 year, at least 6-8 truck tum-rounds per day (in day time) can be taken into consideration. The equivalentnoise level calculated from the traffic data can be determinedby calculation on the basis of Section Ml.1 of the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-183-1 (counting with a velocity of 50 km/h in the residentialarea). 8 truck turn-rounds/dayin the given route means the passing of 16 heavy trucks (8-8 in each direction).The referencetime is 16 hours, i.e. on the average, 1 heavy truck shall pass in each hour. The calculation with the formula of the standard specifications (for heavy trucks) shall result, that the transportation activity in itself shall produce 51.6 dB(A) equivalent sound pressure level A at a distance of 7.5 m from the centre line of the road. Cunrently the average equivalent sound pressure level A on the projected transportationroad (main road No. 72) is 60 dB(A) (i.e. it is equivalent to the guiding value), and thus the resultant of the two sound pressure levels is 60.6 dB(A). Consequently,the transportation activity during the construction works may cause an excess of 0.6 dB(A), which is negligible. Impact of the construction on the flora and fauna The projected site currently is under agricultural cultivation, thus no values can be found in the area from the point of view of the flora and fauna. The constructionand assemblyworks shall not disturb natual habitats. Air pollution and noise increasing during the construction/assemblyworks and the associated transportationsshall have no unfavorable impact on the flora and fauna, partly because they shall not be significant, partly because only a few species could find their home in the vicinity of the transportationroads due to the strong antropogeniceffect 61 ETV-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineedng and ContractorCo. Human impacts of the construction Human impacts of the construction activity can be air pollution and noise. The construction shall result in a smaller dust pollution, however,due to the distance of the residential area from the site, this shall not cause measurablechanges in the air quality. The impact of transportationson air pollution shall not be significant with respect to the current load of the roads with heavy traffic. During the construction/assemblyand the associated tansportation activities the noise load shall expectedly higher in the day time, but it shall not be over the limit values due to the distanceof the dwelling houses from the site. 62 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. 113 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS OF THE OPERATION 1113.1Air pollution and air quality 11/3.1.1Expected airborne emissionsand their qualification The expected airborne emissions of the power plant have been described in Section 11/i. In Table IIf3.1.1.-i the emissions are compared with the prescriptionsof decree No. 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH,respectively with the expected (and thus projected) technologicalemission limit values. Comparingthe expected maximum airborne emissions with the two emission limit values it is clearly shown,that the emission are below the pemiissibleconcentrations. Table Il/3.1.1.-I Regional Expected Air pollutant Pollutionemission emission technological limit value* emission limit value [mg/m3]w | [kg/h] [kg/h] [mg/m 1 gas turbine (one stack) - NOx max. 145 max. 149 150 200 - S0 2 max. 104 max. 107 150 115 - Co max. 20 max. 20,5 5000 100 - soot c 4- 50 4 2 gas turbine units (two stack) per stack - NOX max. 145 max. 75 75 200 -S0 2 max. 104 max. 38 75 115 - CO max.20 max. 11 2500 100 - soot <4 25 4 Notes: * - for >50 m stack heigh, according to decree No. 4/1986.(VI. 2.) OKTH, ** - for dry fle gas of normal condition (273 K, 101.3 kPa), 15 % oxygen content, - blackeringnumber accordingto the Bacharach scale 63 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. I1.3.1.2Deternination of the height of the stack Determinationof the height of the stack on the basis of the emission limit values Based on hourly emissions we have determined the height of the stack required according to regulations (decree 21/1986.(VI.2.)MT,4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH, and Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 21854). The height of the stack shall always be determined on the basis of the expected volume of the dominating (most critical) pollutant. In our case the dominantpollutant is NOx. The current air quality limit values for the site, respectively for the block to be built are shown in Table 11/3.1.2.-4.The plant belongs to Protection category 1, therefore, these limit values should be taken into considerationwhen determining the height of the stack. Table Il/3.1.2.- - Air quality limit values (excerpts from the Hungarian Standard Specificstions MSZ 21854-1990), pz/ma Pollutant Rate of Protectioncategory I. hazard year 24 hours 30 mninutes SO2 3 70 150 250 CO 2 2000 5000 10000 Soot 1 25 50 150 NO2 2 70 85 100 NO.., 2 100 150 200 The load index of Lit6r for S02 and for nitrogen-oxides is 50, thus the official limit value shall be: 100 -50 K2= 05 100 64 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co. The regional emission limit value of the point source has been determined with the following formula: En = Ef*Kl 'K2 where: En is the regional emission limit value of the point source K1 is the permissible air quality limit value of the given pollutant for 24 hours, in 1ig/m3 K2 is the official regulatory value Ef is the emission factor dependingon the height of the stack and the number of emission points: Ef.i Ef= __ n where: Ef.j is the regulatory value prescribedin the Decree n is the number of point sources Based on the above data it can be checked, whether the projected stack meets the official requirements. The applied height of the stack is 51 m. In this case the permissible S0 2 and NOx emission shall be: In case of the 2-stack version Ef.i 2.0 n 2 Ef 1.0 En = 1.0x 150x 0.0 75 kg/h In case of one single stack Efi 2.0 n I Ef 2.0 En=2.0x 150 x0.50 = 150 kg/h The NOx emission of the power plant (max. 149 kg/h resp. 74 kg/h) is lower than the regional emission limit value, thus the applied height of the stack - 51 m - meets the requirements. 65 ETV-ER45TERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. The height of the stack determined in the present study differs from that of the preliminary enviromnentalimpact study, since on the basis of the informative proposals and the previous discussionswith the potential suppliers it has become clear, that, thanks to the technical development, there exist quick-start gas turbines the NOx emissionof which is significantlylower than before. Comparing the expected S02 emissions with the regional emission limit values belonging to the required stack heights we get a result, according to which the quantity of S02 is 51% of the limit value. Controlling stack height determined from the emission limit values on the basis of air qualitv limit values For controlling the 51 m stack height determined in the above, respectively for determining the required basic data for the estimation of the expected air quality, we have made propagation calculations for the environment of the power plant For the calculations we have used the computer program developed by the EnvironmentalOffice of ETV-EROTERVRt. The above program works on the basis of the methods specified in the following Hungarian Standard Specifications: MSZ 21457/4-80 - Transmission parameters of air pollutants. Determinationof the measure of turbulent dispersion. MSZ 21459/1-81 - DeteImination of the anmission of air pollutants. Calculation of the pollution impact of the point sources. MSZ 21459/5-85 - Deterination of the transmission of air pollutants. Determinationof the effective height of the emission. 66 ETV-ER(5TERVRt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. During the calculation of propagation - as a result of the experience of the preliminary environmental impact study and updating of data - we have calculated 30-minute concentrations of nitrogen-oxides, sulfur-dioxide and carbon-monoxide(under the axis of the smoke plume) within 20 km distance from the plant. We have not calculateddaily (24 h) and yearly immissions,since - due to the short and fluctuating daily respectively yearly operation times (10 startings/year in average, 2-hour operation time per starting) the calculatedaverage values shall not be characteristic; - ithecalculated 30-ninute maximumimniissions are lower than the 24-hour healthy limit values (for NOX: 150, resp. 70 ,ug/cu.min the areas of outstandingprotection category)reduced by the basic load, and even than the yearly limit value (100 gg/cu.m) for areas of protection category I, reduced by the basic load. We have not dealt with solid particles as air pollutants, since solid particles are not characteristicto the emissionsof gas turbines. During the calculationswe have examined the followingbasic situations in case of 51 m stack height: 1. 2-stack version, variouspollutants pollutants to be examined:NOX, S0 2, CO Meteorologicalconditions: atmosphericstability class: 7 (unstable) wind velocity: 3 m/s (averagevalue) 2. 2-stack version, variousmeteorological conditions pollutantsto be examined:NOx meteorologicalconditions: atmosphericstability class: 5-7 wind velocity:2-6 mI/s 3. single stack version, various pollutants pollutants to be examined:NOX, S02, CO Meteorologicalconditions: atmosphericstability class: 7 wind velocity: 3 m/s 4. single stack version, various meteorologicalconditions pollutants to be examined:NOx meteorologicalconditions: atmosphericstability class: 5-7 wind velocity:2-6 m/s 67 ETV-ER6TERVRt PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. The results of the investigationsare shown in Tables IU3.1.2.-, -2, -3, -4. Based on Figs. 11V3.1.2.-Iand E113.1.2.-3it can be stated, that, in all cases, the dominant pollutantis NO,. Comparing Figures Il/3.1.2.-i and II13.1.2.-3, respectively EV13.1.2.-2and II/3.1.2.-4it can be stated, that the emissionsof the 2-stackversion are the double of the single-stackversion and the maximnu values appear closer to the emission source. This phenomenoncan be attributedto the height differenceof the stacks. The actual height of the stack is the height of the level, where the axis of the smoke plume leaving the stack becomes horizontal, its value is the sum of the additional and the built heights of the stack. The additional stack height is the height of the smoke plume over the stack followingdischarging. The additional stack height depends on the thernal and kinetic energy of the flue gas, as well as on the meteorologicalconditions in the ascent domain of the smokeplume As a result of the interaction of the ambient air, the flue gas emitting from the stack shall gradually loose its energy. The time of this process depends (in addition to the parametersof the ambient air) on the mass and the temperatureof the smoke plume (thermal energy) and on the speed of the emission (Icinetic energy). In the case of the projected gas turbine power plant - two-stackversion - the same volume of the flue gas shall be emitted by two stacks, and the two smoke plumes shall not mix up with each other. Thus the total energy of the specific parts shall only be the half of that of the single-stackversion. Consequently,the additional height of the stacks shall be lower than that of the smoke plume of the single- stack version. 68 Comparison of 30 - minute NOx, S02 and CO Immissions in case of the two - stacks version 25 Permissiblevalues for protectioncategory 1. NOx: 200 [ Vg/m31; 802: 250 1pg/m3 1;CO: 10000[p g/m3 ] 20 - 8=7; v =3m/s - NOx Stack height H = 51 m 15- - 02 C ~~~~~~~~-CO 0 E 5 0 0 0 Lg) LQ C C Distancefrom the pollutionsource Fig. 11/3.1.2.-4. Distribution of 30 - minute NOx Immissions (values under the axis of the plume rise) relative to the distance calculated from the pollution source - In 25 - Cne oftwo sitek- Permissible,,Stack height H - 51 m; Permissiblevalue for Protectionclass I: 200,igJm3 20 - - _--__---_---___ -- .. _ R 8f1\\/>=6,v=2mls E S 6e . v 4 mnis ', 15*- F >,_ __ X I I \ \ ~~~~~~~A \- 5; v =6 r/s S-5 v=4m ot ot to to to 10 ICo a o 0 o ot o o0 o to o0 o to o o Dlstancefrom the pollutionsource, m Fig. ll/3.l2.22. Comparisonof the 30 - minuteNOx, 802, andCO immissions in caseof a single stackversion 14 Permissiblevalues for protectioncategory 1. NOx:200 [1glm3 1; 12. ,>S02: 250( pgtm31; CO: 10000 [pglm3 1 '12 -l . S=7; v =3m/s -NOx 10 _ _ _ Stackhelght H-51 m - S02 -CO E o - 0 *0 Dlistancefrom the pollution source, m Fig. 1113.1.2.-3. Distribution of 30 - minute NOx Immissions(Values under the axis of the plume rise) as a function of the distancecalculated from the pollution source - 16 in caseof a singlestack Stackheight H = 51m; 14- Permissiblevalues for Protectionclass I.:200 pg/m3 14 - r I~~~~.';p _ 4v S_u1l:=6 v -anils I=. /\\ m5=/ v=4m/s S=6. v=2m/s 12 E | \ & \ 8 ,7/' "8 , ,' S=-5; v=-6 m/s E 10 S=5: v=4m/s 02 E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|| \ v=27m/s E 4.- 2 - v* 0) U)00 00O U)0 0 ) U)0 0) U)0 _)0 ) 0U) 0U) 0U 0 1 100 1 00 0U)11*I* 0U) 0U) N> C') d~ u) ( Is. CO v) 0 '- C') t I) (0 s- 0 0) Distancefrom the pollution source, m Fig. 11/3.1.2.-4. ETV-EROTERVRt Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. In case of the projectedpower plant, the additional stack height originates mainly from the buoyancy resulting from the difference between the temperatureof the ambient air and that of the emitting flue gas. The ascending effect originating from the kinetic energy of the flue gas is significantly smaller. Therefore, a possible rise of the emission speed shall not mean a significant rise of the additional stack height, at the same time, it shall have a negative influenceon the efficiency of the power plant. Based on the analytical results of the 2-stack version of greater pollution, we can state the following (see Fig. EU13.1.2.-2): According to the propagation calculations, maximum concentrations appear within the most unfavorable meteorologicalconcentrations (S = 7, v = 6 m/s - frequency is less than 1%) at a distance of approx. 1300 m from the source. In case of NOx the concentrationis 12% of the 30-minute limit values for the areas of protection category 1 (200 t g/cu.m), i.e. 25 p.glcu.m. Within the most frequent meteorologicalconditions (S = 6, v = 3 m/s - frequency: 13%) the maximum concentrationappears at a distance of approx. 7 km from the source, its value is 7% of the limit value, i.e. 14 g/cu.m. Based on the above results it can be stated (see Table II/3.13.-1) that the immissions o the power plant are below the permissible concentrations (limit value reduced by the basic load), and thus the 51 m stack height is satisfactory from the point of view of immission. Determinationof the stack height on the basis of the immissionlimit values The result received during the control of the 51 m stack height (there is a significant difference between the actual immissions and the limit values) draws the attention to the fact, that the immissions do not justify the constructionof 51 m high stacks. Therefore, in the following, we shall examine the inmmissionsin case of lower stack heights. During the investigationwe search for the height at which the standard air quality values determinedfor the environmentof the plant shall be met in all cases (i..e. we shall not permit even short-time excess, which can be tolerated accordingto the Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ 21854- 1990). 69 ETV-ER65TERVRt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co. The calculationmethod is based on propagationmodels using the meteorological data base of the region, according to MSZ 21457/4-80, as well as according to Sheet 5-85 of MSZ 21459/1-81,calculating with various stack heights. Based on these calculations, the stack should have a height, at which the 30-minute maximum concentrationshall never be over the limit value correctedaccording to the basic load (taking into consideration,that a part of the investigationarea is of outstandingprotection category). During calculations, in order to eliminate the impacts of mechanical turbulence generated by the facilities,we calculatedwith a stack height higher at least by 2.5 times than the buildings in the surrounding,i.e. we have taken 40 m as a starting data, as the minimum acceptable stack height. At this height, in case of the highest pollution, taking into consideration the 2-stack version and various meteorologicalconditions, the result of the calculation shall be, that there shall be no excess values in case of the stack height of 40 m (see Fig. lI/3.1.2.-5). The explanation of the difference between the calculation of the stack height on the basis of the immission limit values and the calculation on the basis of the emission limit values can be, that the current Hungarian regulations for the protection of the air quality do not take into consideration the physical characteristics of the exhausted flue gas. In our case, the mass flow of the discharge flue gas is 2.5-3-times more than that of a traditional boiler firing the same quantity of fueeLand its temperature is about 500°C (while the flue gases discharged by a traditional equipment are of a temperature of 100-200°C). Accordingly, there are numerous stack heights (according to the propagation calculation, in our case, in case of a 2-stack version, within normal operational conditions Ah = 185 m, while in case of the single stack version Ah = 259 m), which have the same impact from the point of view of the propagation of the airbome emissions. Comparing the results of the calculations for the two different stack heights, within the most unfavorablemeteorological conditions (S = 7, v = 6 m/s), it can be stated, that, at a stack height of 40 m, the immission value is higher by about 10% than at a stack height of 51 m, while it is significantly below the limit values (see Fig. 11/3.1.2.-6). 70 Immissions[jiglm3] 0 cJn CA ~ 0 CA a 1350 2350 2 3350 rA 4350 5350 6350 7350 C 8350 a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 3~~~~~~~~ * 9350 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- o10350 'an ~~~ 12350~~ ~ ~~~I C 0E 14350 03Z oc15350Z 16350~~~~~~~ 17350 r 18350 19350 ID Comparisonof the valuesof 30 - minuteNOx immissionsof 40 and51 m high stacks.,in caseof one single stack and two stacks 30- _H =40 rn- in caseof twostacks 25~~~~.H 51 rn- in caseof twostacks S07; vWSmIS c20 E ~~~~~ 40 m - Incase of onesingle stack ~15 6, ~H=51 rn-ina tne singlestack 0 - oD CD CD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Q 0D 0~ CD CD 0 0 (DVI CD V' 0 TI WI' (a %- V-C ' O -C - ~~ N C~~) C~~) l t W) o - . a, Distancefrom the pollution source, m Fig.11/3.1.2.-6. ETV-ERCTERV Rt. PowerEngineerng and ContractorCo. 11/3.1.3Changes of the air quality in the impact area Operationalimpacts on air guality From the point of view of air quality, a circle of a radius of 5 km around the stack is considered as the impact area of the power plant, since in this area, accordingto the presented propagationcalculation, the maximum 30-minuteNOx concentration remains below 10% of the air quality limit value in the areas of Protection category 1, within all meteorological conditions. In the areas of Outstanding protection category of the impact area (the area between main road No. 72 and Lake Balaton) immissionremains below 20% of the relevant 30- minute air quality limit value (in case of NOx: 85 pg/cu.m). Over the 5 km distance inmmissionshall firther reduce. Thus, on the basis of the upgraded calculations,the iInpact area of the power plant has become smaller than a circle of a radius of 10 kn,. which has been investigated by the Preliminary environmental impact study. The reason is the significantly lower achievable nitrogen-oxideemission. The values calculated with the tansmission model are superposed to the existing pollution level of the area, i.e. to the background pollution. These summarized values should be comparedwith the prescribedair quality limit values. The expected changes of the air quality in the concerned settlementsare shown in Table I1/3.1.3-1.Based on the data of the table it can be stated, that Considering the periodical short-time operation, and that the immission caused by the gas turbine, even if superposed to the basic load, shall remain below the air quality limit values in any of the setflements, the expected emissions of the power plant shall not result in a perniciouspollution load to the environment. Imnacts of tranrsportationsand vehicle traffic The majority of transportationsshall be fuel and demi water transportation by road. The frequency is, on the average, 24-24 tank trucks of a capacityof 30 cu.m per year. The time schedule of transportations is irregular, it depends on the operation time of the gas turbine. The air pollution caused by transportation is insignificant with respect to the current load of the heavy traffic roads of the region. 71 Table 11/3.1.3.-4.- Expected air qualities of the settlements in the investigated area Max. NO, Basicload + 'he Settlement Distance from the Basic NO, load, immission of the Impact of the NO, limit value, power plant, lpg/ml power plant** power plant** WWlmI 3 . . Im il_W_ .______IjigIm i Ijig/ms _____[ _l Liter 500-2000 26 25 (27) 51 (53) 200 KirAlyszentistvAn 2000-3000 24 22 (23) 46 (47) 200 Balatonfazffi 35 Areas of Protection category 1. 2000-8000 22 (23) 57 (58) 200 Areas under outstandingprotection 4500-8000 15 (16) 50 (51) 85 S6ly 2500-3500 2' 20 (21) 44 (45) 200 Vilonya 3000-7000 100* 18 (19) 118 (119) 200 Haimask6r 3500-5500 100* 17 (18) 117 (118) 200 Papkeszi 5000-6000 35 15 (16) 50 (51) 200 Notes: The basic load values in the table are immissionvalues determined by OKI by transmissioncalculation from the regional emissiondata. The actually measured averageimmission are lower than these values. * - no basic load has been calculatedfor the settlements,no measurementhave been carried out, basic load data indicated in the table have been taken from the table of AttachmentNo. 1. to Decree No. 4/1986. (VI.2.)OKTH - in parentheses:exr cted values in case of stack height of 40 m. E1V-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. 11.3.2Changes in the soil quality Soil quality may potentially be affected by the oil manipulations(transportation, racking, storage and feeding), as well as by the contact with wastes. The normal operation of the plant - thanks to the applied technical protective solutions - has no negative impact on the soil. During the racking and the storage of the oil the applied technical solutions (the oil resistant concrete tray under the racking equipment, the pipelines and the fittings; in case of the tanks the protective ring made of reinforcedconcrete) shall prevent the oil from spilling to the ground. In the area of the projected power plant traffic roads shall have a hard cover, and the pavements shall have a slope towards the catch basins. Liquid materials running down from the roads, and originating from the raclkng places and the technological system (rainwater, spilling, leakage, etc.) shall run to the oil separator, where these materialsshall appropriatelybe treated and cleaned. The applied technology and the monitoring system shall immediately detect the leakages of the fuel and lubricating systeme, and shall ensure the corrective measures without delay, thus minimizing the losses and the possibility of the environmentaldamages. The negative impacts caused by the wastes can be avoided by the full respect of the relevant rules and regulations. Soot deposit in surface waters and in the soil, originating from the flue gases discharged from the stacks, is practically insignificantand thus negligible. 73 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineerng and ContractorCo. 113.3 Changes in the quality of surface and subsurface waters In the area there is no surface water, water excavationof water discharge. The communal water demand of the power plant is 0.1 cu.m/day, maximum 1 cu.m per month. The power plant shall be provided with a 450 cu.m fire water pool, which, according to the Hungarian standard specifications (MSZ 9779/4) has to be filled with water within 48 hours. This quantity requires a pipeline of 2.6 l/s capacity. These water demands shall be satisfied by a branching from the drinldng water pipeline supplying the sub-station with water. Demi water, required for the additional water supply used for the cooling system and, if required, for the reduction of the NOx emission of the gas turbines, shall be transportedby road, in tank-trucks. During the provisional stay of the operating staff in the power plant approx. I cu.m communal waste water may produce per month. It shall be collected in a closed waste water reservoirand than transportedfor disposal. A drain system shall be built for the collection of rainwater. From places where rainwater can be contaminatedwith oil (for example the oil racking station) rainwater shall be discharged to an oil separator. Thus the oil concentration of rainwater shall be below 2 mg/l. The treated rainwater shall be infiltrated into the soil. The most important lake in the area of the projected power plant is Balaton (Ffizfoibay). For the water quality of Balaton the power plant shall only have an impact through its airborne emissions, and, as a consequence, through the increased immission and acidic deposits. These impacts shall not be significant, thanks to the few emissionsand the short and periodical operationof the plant, as well as to the great volume of the water of the lake. The closest water flow is Bendola-creek In the projected power plant no technological waste water shall generate, the communal waste water shall be collected in closed containers and transported from the plant for disposal, rainwater - after treatment - shall be discharged onto the ground in the plant area. Thus the waste waters of the plant shall not contaminate the creek. The impact of the airborne emissions of the plant on Bendola-creek shall not be significant, since, as a result of the actual stack height, both the immission and the deposits shall be negligible in such a distance from the plant. 74 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Thanks to the geological conditions of the area, we need not to count with the contaminationof the subsurfacewaters, however,the technical solutions serving for the protection of the soil shall also serve for the protection of die subsurface waters. II3.4 Impacts originating from handling and storage of raw materials and wastes Raw materials In the plant site we have to count only with the storage and handling of fuel oil and demi water as raw materials. The storage and handling of demi water has no impact on the enviromnent. Demi water shall be transported to the plant by road, in tank-trucks,and it shall be stored in two 300 cu.m capacitytanks. Fuel oil shall also be transportedby road, in tank-trucks.Two 1000 cu.m capacity tanks shall be built for the storage of the fuel oil. In connectionwith the handling and the storage of the fuel oil, the soil shall be protected with technical solutions as described in Section EV/3.2.Similarly, technical solutions (isolating cocks, gate valves, floating roof) shall ensure, that the hydrocarbon emission shall be insignificant. Communal wastes Communal wastes shall consist of the generating organic wastes and the packing materials of the auxiliarymaterials. Their volume shall be about 2 cunmper year. They shall be collected together with the communal wastes of the sub-station. They shall be transported for disposalby the local company of public hygiene. Technologicalwastes The hazardous wastes generating during the operation of the power plant consist of various used oils, oily rags, oil absorbents, used storage batteries and filter elements. The characteristic hazardous wastes and their estimated average volume per year (based on the data of other power plants) are shown in Table 11/3.4-1. 75 E1V-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Table Il/3.4.-l - Estimated average amount per year of hazardous wastes Sort of hazardous waste Estimated average amount, kg/year used oil 350 oily rag 10 oil absorbentmaterial 200 oily suldge from the oil traps 50 used storage batteries 150 air filters of the gas turbines 40 According to the relevant regulations (decree No. 5611981.(XI.18.)MTand decree No. 27/1992.(I.30.)Kormmodifying the above decree) the hazardous wastes shall be collected separately,according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a special hazardous waste storage place in the plant area. They shall be disposed by licensed companies specialized for this activity. (Preliminary discussions have taken place with Nitrok6mia Rt. which issued a declaration of intent for the incinerationof the oily wastes.) The potential suppliers have been informed, that the use of asbestos-containing thermal insulation or sealing materials, the halone gases for fire extinguishing, and halogenatedtransformer oils are not permitted. 11/3.5Impacts of noise emission originating from the operation of the plant The immission limit values for work Dlaces are prescribed by the Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ 18151/2-83: - the equivalent sound pressure level A of the noise affecting the workers may not exceed LAeq = 85 dB; - the highest sound pressure level A of the noise may not exceed, in any case, LAI = 125 dB. 76 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. The investigationof the noise emissionof industrialplants and constructionsand the determination of the noise emission limit values are included in the Hungarian Standard SpecificationsMSZ-13-111-85: The highest permissible noise emission limit value is LKH = 70 dB(A). This value should be measured on a vertical measuring surface exposed parallel with the border line of the plant, at a distanceof "d" from the border line. d = 10 m. The noise load caused by the new facility has been investigated at the dwelling houses located in the concerned area. At the dwelling houses to be protected the resultant of the noise, originating from the newly installed equipment, the existing sub-station and the ground noise, may not exceed the currently permissible noise load limit values. This means, that, at the investigated 5 dwelling houses 40 d13(A)noise load limit value should be met during the night (see Table 117.5.-1). The potential suppliers have been informed, that the sound pressure level measured on the emission surfaces exposed in a distance of 1 m from the container units to be installed,respectively from the buildings may not exceed 85 dB(A). We have made calculationsin order to determine,whether the noise load limit value can be met at 85 dB(A)noise emission. When making the calculations, the damping effect of the air, the earth effect, shielding (the dwelling houses to be protected have a free overlook to the new plant), the damping effect of the vegetation (the height and the density of the existing vegetation may not reduce the emitted noise), and the impact of the meteorologicalconditions have not been taken into consideration. The two gas turbines installed close to each other and the two stacks (taking into consideration, that primarily the top of the stack shall emit noise) can be considered point sources due to the distance of the dwelling houses to be protected. The distance from the dwelling houses is the multiple of the largest sizes of the new facilities. The distance-dependantdamping has been calculated with the following formula: ALt = 20 lg(rl/r2) where ri 600 m (distance of the closest dwelling houses to be protected from the projectedplant) r2 I m (distance of the emissionsurface from the equipment) 77 ETV-ERCTERVRt Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. As a result of the calculation, in the case of the dwelling houses located at a distance of 600 m from the new facility, the distance-dpendant damping is 55 dB(A). The sound pressure level at a distance of 2 m from the facade of the dwelling houses to be protected (taking into considerationa correction of -3 dB due to the echo, and 4 point sources) is 38.4 dB(A). This means, that the new facilities in themselves do not exceed the noise load limit value, not even during the night. Calculating from the measuring data, in the night period the current effective sound pressure level A at the dwelling houses is 35 dB(A). The sound pressure level generated by the new facilities shall be superposedto this noise at the given exposure points. Summarizing the two sound pressure levels at the exposure points, the resultant shall be 40 dB(A) at the dwelling houses. Based on the summarized levels, at the dwelling houses there shall be no excess noise load during the night. In day time the noise load limit value is higher (50 dB(A) ). The noise emission of the power plant shall be identical day and night, thus it seems to be clear, that there shall be no excess noise load during the day either. In summaTy,it can be stated, that the noise emission of the projected plant shall increase the noise load of the dwelling houses in the area with respect to the cunrent values, but no excess noise load is expected neither in day time, nor during the night. Noise originatingfrom traffic For the supply of the consumed fuel - taking into consideration the storage capacity of the available tank park - we have count with the traffic of at least one single 40 cu.m capacity tank-truck. 78 ETV-ER1TERV Rt Power Engineering and ContractorCo. The equivalentnoise level has been calculatedon the basis of the traffic data, as follows: the calculated equivalentsound pressure level A at a distance of d = 7.5 m from the centre line of the road shall be: LAeqm = 23.2 +10Ig Qm + 16.7 Ig vm dB(A) where: Qm = 0.125 dB - number of passing heavy truck per hour vm - 50 km/h - velocity of the truck in the residentialarea I truck turn-round/dayin the given route means the passing of 2 heavy trucks (1- 1 in each direction). The reference time is 16 hours, i.e. on the average 0,125 heavy truck shall pass in each hour. Calculating with the given formula this means, that the transportation activity in itself shall produce 42.5 dB(A) equivalent sound pressure level A at a distance of 7.5 m from the centre line of the road. Currently the average equivalentsound pressure level A on the fuel transportation road is 60 dB(A), and thus the resultant of the two sound pressure levels shall be 60.07 dB(A). Consequently,the transportationof the fuel supply may cause an increase of 0.07 dB(A) in the noise load, which is negligible. 11.3.6Microclimatic impacts Due to the operation of the projected power plant - as a result of the short operation time (20 hours per year on the average) and the relatively small volume of flue gases - we do not have to count with detectable changes of the microclimate. 11/3.7 Ecological prognostics for habitats This is the flora and the fauna on which the projected power plant may have a more significant impact through its airbome emission. The impact of the power plant shall superpose on the impact of the air pollution originating from the neighboringindustrial areas, and cannot be separatedfrom it. 79 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. The changes in the ecological conditionsof habitats (biocenoses) can already be prognosticatedon the basis of the available data. Based on the investigationsand the available data only reversible changes can be expected in the impact area. Their measure depends on the meteorologicalconditions during operationand on the species of the vegetation. The reversible change caused by the operation of the plant is smalL its impact can be compensated by living creatures. No irreversible change in the flora and fauna can be expected on the basis of the volume of the emitted pollutants. The correctness of the prognostics can be controlled by establishing biomonitoring areas. The rectangular control areas should be marked out in places calculated on the basis of the dominating wind direction and the atmospheric stability conditions, within the characteristic vegetationtypes. The determiningair pollutants are nitrogen-oxidesand sulfur-dioxide.With the help of air humidity these pollutants shall form acid compounds, which shall affect the parts of the plants above the ground. In the impact area of the plant, the thin rendzina generating on the limy base rock shall buffer the acid effect, and thus the changes resulting from getting sour of the soil can be excluded (appearanceof acidophilousvegetation). The impacts on the animals living in the impact area may occur in two ways: a) directly, through the pollutants in the air (NOx, S02, resp. their acid forms). Depending on the rate of pollution and on the sensitivity of the species - the multiplication rate, - the number of the populations, and - the diversity of the species in the area may reduce; 80 ETV-EROTERVRL (5E Power Engineeringand (ER ERVV Contractor Co. b) indirectly, through the vegetation. In case of the degradation of the vegetation and the supersessionof some alimentationplant species, even a part of the phytofaguous species may disappear from the area. The lairs indispensable for the species may also cease. By the reduction of the density of alimentation animals, the predator populations may also be endangered. However, the above described process is excluded by the reversible nature of the damages which may occur to the vegetation. Since ecosystems are quite complex systems, it is very difficult to foretell the impacts resulting from the environmental changes. We have extended our investigations both to the vegetation and some specific groups of the vertebrate and invertebrate animals. From among vertebrate animals primarily the species fixed to a place (or particularly fixed to a place) and their populations are applicable for making prognostics. The amphibia are exclusively sensitive to enviromnental pollution, just like reptiles, severl species of which are bioindicators. From among invertebrate species primarily the insects and the spiders shall be investigated, ground-beetles indicate well any unfavorable changes of the biotopes. In the present stage of the investigations the only thing we can do is, that we assess the expectedlocation and the flora and fauna of the impact area - primarily that of the maximum pollution concentration -, and that of Sukori-mountain, which was proposed as a control area, we estimatethe size of the populations, we select the more valuablespecies, we determine their position in the ecosystem,in the food-chai,n and, later on, through the monitoringsystm, we can follow with attention the changes which have taken place. Based on the expected impacts of the power plant and on our knowledge from literature, in the following we descnbe the most importanthabitats and the associatedimpacts to be expected. 81 ml ETV-ER65TERVRt. PowerEngineering and Contractor Co. II/3.7.1Natural and secondarygrasses We consider as natural grasses the open and closed dolomite rock grasses, secondary grasses are the rock grasses on the sloping steppes (formerly there have been calciphilous oakwood,rarely karstic scmb forests in their places), and nitrophilous grass-lands along water flows. It is a large area, the dry grasses which grow on a shallowsoil cannot be used well, but they are valuable from the point of view of botanical nature protection. From zoologicalpoint of view they are the most valuable biotopes of the impact area. The area has a lot of rare xerotherxmalinsect species. As far as the vertebrate species are concerned, up to the present two reptile species (speedy and green lizards) and some bird species living on the soil and in bushes have been found (in a few number). In this type of habitats only reversiblechanges can be expected. 11/3.7.2Natural forests In the investigated area, all those forests can be considerednatural, which have oakwood species (karstic scrub forest, calciphilous oakwood, sessile Turkey oakwood and hornbeam oakwood). The economic value of the large-size calciphilous oakwoods is small, at the same time, they play a significant role in preserving the soil layer, and many protected plant and animal species live within the forests. These indigenous communitiesare stable, the impact of the power plant on these species shall expectedly be small and it shall possibly be compensated(reversible) by their self-regulatingsystem. 11/3.7.3Planted pinewoods On the naked dolomitesprimarily black pine, rarely Scotch fir was planted. Black pine did not live up to the expectationsfor the afforestationof barren dolomites. When young, it tolerates well dry conditions, but at the age of 30-40 years its water demand shall be proportionateto its size, and the dry climate without any 82 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. formation of dew at dawn cannot satisfy this water demand, therefore it becomes to die. According to literature data, it tolerates well air pollution compared with other pine species. Approx. 50% of the black pine plantationson Mogyor6s-hegyare older trees, the other part consists of young, "brush-dense" plantations. These forests offer a good home exclusively for birds from among vertebral animals, but especially those forests, in which there are also other trees and bushes among the pine woods. The homogenous pine forests were almost free of birds in the period under investigation, and the small variety of species was especially apparent. Mainly nightingale,greenfinch and warbler were found. 1I/3.7.4Lakes, water flows The most important lake in the area of the projected power plant is Balaton (F&fdi bay), the closest water flow is Bendola-creek. As it was already mentioned in Section I13.3, the impact of the power plant on water quality shall not be significant, thus we do not count with a measurable impact in the ecological system of waters. II/3.7.5 Areas under agricultural cultivation(ploughlands) Based on the findings of the site walks it can be stated, that on the overwhelming part of the ploughlands mainly crop and rape are cultivated. Crop tolerates well air pollution. In connection with rape we have no data from literature,but it is cultivated in large quantities in the surrounding of Papkeszi: accordingto several decades' experience it can be cultivated in this area despite of the heavy air pollution. We do not count with significant impacts with respect to the agricultural areas, and the possible reversible impacts shall be tolerated by the cultivatedplants. 83 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and tVERV ContractorCo. Il/3.8 Impscts on human health and other human impacts The power plant shall have an impact on the populationthrough the air pollution and the increaseof the noise load. Taking into considerationperiodical and short-tine operation, as well as the fact, that the immissions caused by the gas turbine shall remain, in any of the settlements in the area, below the limit values of public health (as shown in Section II/3.1), even if they are superposed to the basic load, the expected air pollution shall not have a negative impact on the health of the population. The noise emission of the projected power plant shall slightly increase the noise load of the dwelling houses to be protectedin the area with respect to the current values, but no excess noise load is expected neither in day time, nor during the night, as it was describedin Section II/3.5. 11.3.9 Social-economicalimpacts In January and February 1996, in possessionof the preliminarybuilding permit of the Hungarian Energy Office, in cooperation with Ritky and Co. Marketing CommunicationAgency, MVM Rt. organized a public information in harmony with GovernmentDecree No. 146/1992.(XI.4.).On April 22, 1996 a decisionhas been issued by the inter-departmental committee in connection with the information of the public, accordingto § 3 of the above said GovernmentDecree. T'he decision includedthe following: 1. On a preliminary basis, in its session of December 20, 1995 the Committee was of the opinion, that the concept of the development of a secondary reserve power plant, within the framework of the development program of MVM Rt. - as a preconditionof joining the Westem-Europeanpower system - is in harmonywith the objectivesof the Hungarianenergy policy and with the viewpoints of the protection of the environment. 84 Sl ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 2. The Committee states, that during the preparatory phase of making a decision on the development the feasibility study and the preliminary environmentalimpact study have been prepared. The Hungarian Energy Office issued a preliminary building permit and, in January 1996 - based on the approved "program for the information of the public" - MVM Rt started the informationof the great public. The technical public hearing took place in Lit6r, on February 29, 1996, where the concerned communitiescould make comments and proposals. 3. The Committee, in order to ensure the proper control of the program, invited -by way of competition- an Expert Organization, which performed the following tasks based on a contract: - they managed the reconciliation of the interests and supervised the procedure and the correctnessof the progran, - they cooperated with the PR-agency selected by the investor in the preparation and the carrying through of the public information,as well as in the organization and the procedure of the public sessions and public hearings, - they followed with attention the public relation fonrms and events taking place between the investor and the communitiesof the concerned region, they ensured an objective background for the reconciliation of the interests and they prepared the official report of the technical public hearing, - they prepared a surmary report for the Committee about the realization of the public information program and the reconciliation of the interests, in the framework of which they evaluated the documents prepared during the preparation and the realizationof the program, they made comments on the activity of the PR agency with special regard to the contents of the "programfor the informationof the public", they supervised the PR-documentationprepared during the specific work phases, they made proposals supportingthe decision-makingof the Committee. 85 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. Based on the opinions voiced during the public hearing of February 29, 1996 in Lit6r, on the data of the second follow-uppublic opinion poll, as well as on the contents of the summary report of the Expert Organization,the Committeestates, that the concemed population do not refuse the investment project, at the same time they make certain reservations from environmental point of view. The majority of the questions referred to the noise level associated with the operation, the qualityof the fuel to be used, the emissionof the pollutants, the distance from their settlement, groundwater contamination, etc. The responses of the representationof the investorwere satisfactory for the most part. One of the people making more than 40 comments during the technical public heanng was of the opinion, that the decision on the investmentproject would be made by referendum,but nobody else has supportedthe idea. The Committee considers satisfactory the public information procedure connected with the building of the 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Lit6r with the condition, that following the preparation of a detailed environmental impact study the public should be informed in every respect. The Committee - with regard to the great interest of the public - is of the opinion, that the investor, during the licensingprocedure, should keep on informing the concemed municipalities about the most important decisions associated with the projected power plant (for example the selection of the technology,the fuel material, the final plant site, etc.), the investor should ensure the access for the municipality to the public documents in connection with the projected power plant - primarily the detailed environmentalimpact study to be prepared -, and for the public the possibility of inspection of these documents and the possibility to make comments. 86 ETV-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineering and (5VTER,>Contractor Co. 4. At the same time, the Committee draw the attention of the investor, the concernedmunicipalities and the licensing authoritiesto the following: in the tender invitation for the supply of the gas turbine the new limit values and requirements for the protection of air purity and air quality should be indicated, which are in harmony with the regulations of the protection against noise - in relation with the secondary reserve capacity. These new limit values and requirements shall enter into force within the framework of the current law on environmentalprotection, the concerned municipalities - in harmony with the conmnents made during the technical public hearing - with the involvement of the competent environmental regulatory agencies, should initiate, that the investor takes the responsibilityof ensuring the availability of controllable information about the quantity (consumption) and quality (for example sulfur content) data of the energy carriers required for the operationof the secondary reserve capacity, collecting the oily waste waters generating in the plant in a closed container, and having an acceptance declaration by a licensed disposal plant, building an appropriate monitoring system for controlling the environmentalimpacts (air, waters) during operation, - the Hungarian Energy Office should prescribe in its license the obligation of posterior reporting about each staring in order to control the secondary character of the capacity. In the opinion of the Committee it would be purposeful, that the investor and the representatives of the concemnedmunicipalities pursue a direct reconciliation about the requirements voiced by the local population at the technical public hearing of February 29, 1996, first of all in order to avoid the increase of the load to the environment. 87 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineenngand (eVJ5TER pContractor) Co. Taking into considerationthe statements of the summary report of the Expert Organization,and on the basis of the experiences of the technical public hearing of February 29, 1996, the Committee is of the opinion, that the public information process in connection with the projected 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Liter was satisfactory, and considers the prescribed Commission activity as closed, with the condition, that, parallel with the preparationof the detailedenvironmental impact study, the public should be kept informed - about the details of the protection of the environment- until the next public hearing on the environmentalprotection to take place according to govemment decree No. 86/1993.(V.4.)Korm.modified with govemment decree No. 6711994.(VA.)Korm. With regard to the opinion of the Committee, the licensing procedure by the regulatory agencies and the preparation for the construction of the 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Liter can be continued. 11.3.10Impacts on the landscape The site of the new gas turbine power plant is located in the outskirts of Lit6r, to NE from the village, in the area surroundedby the roads connecting Veszpr6m with Balatonf;;zfo-and Veszpr6m with Kirilyszentistvan, in westem direction from the transformer transportation road and the existing 120/35 kV power station. The area is accessiblefrom the transformer ransportationroad. The plant shall be built on an agricultural area (following the exclusion of the area from agricultunal cultivation). The landscape shall not significantly influenced by the sight of the power plant, since the neighboring sub-station already gives an industrial character to the area. With regard to the general appearance of the projected facility, it shall fit to the existing buildings of the sub-station. The gas turbines shall have an 51 (40) m stack(s). After the completionof the buildingworks, the area shall be grassed. 88 EIV-ER5TERV Rt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. 11/3.11Other expected impacts due to average and operational troubles Due to the applied technological and technical solutions, as well as to the character of the plant, hazardousmaterials may enter into the environmentonly in case of average. Such hazardous materials can be the fuel and lubricatingmaterials, as well as the fire extinguishing materials in case of fire, which can be qualified as case of average. Potential sources of danger are in connection pardy with the transportation, movement, racking of storage of hazardous materials, respectively with the possible failure of cables, fittings,storage means and tanks. A case of average may occur as a result of - disaster (earthquake, thunderstroke) - fire - traffic accident - technological problem, operational trouble - aggressive human action (intentionaldamaging, terrorist action). In this section we describe only the possible impacts, the elimination shall be dealt with in Section II/5.7. The greatest possible average is fire, during which both the fire and the extinguishingmay result in environmentaldamages. 89 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineedng and ContractorCo. During fire the combustionproducts (flue gases, smoke, soot, etc.) enter into the air, where gases shall mix according to the current weather and wind conditions, while heavier solid particles (soot) after a certain time shall deposit on the soil. The propagation of the pollution can hardly be determined, since it depends on the meteorologicalconditions, the dispersion processes, as well as on the natural and artificialsettling effects (for examplewater spraying). A part of the water and the foam material (type: LW ATC FC 600) used for extinguishing - mixing with the buming material - shall inevitably spread on the soil, respectivelyenter into the soil, and, in such a case, it shall contaminateit. Average - endangering the cleanliness of the soil and the waters - may caused by operation troubles of the equipment, respectively by the hazardous materials leaking from injured storage tanks (fuel materials, lubricating matenals). From this point of view, the most dangerous situation is, when an operation trouble occurs in the fuel supply system, since in such case of average oil may leak from the system. The operational troubles of the fuel supply system may also result in air pollution, due to the evaporationof the fuel material hydrocarbonemission may occur. The environmentalimpacts of the aggressive human actions cannot be estimated without knowing the motivationsand the intentions. 90 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineenngand ContractorCo. 11A EXPECTED IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING The projected life time of the power plant is 30 years. After the shut-down of the plant the equipment shall be disassembled and transported from the site. The dismounted machine equipment can be recycled (iron scrap). The underground concretestructures shall remain in place. No waste shall remain on the site. The expected impacts of decommissioningare similar to those of the construction period, but somewhat smaller. We have to count primarily with air pollution and noise caused by dismountingworks and transportation. 1I14.1Changes in subsurface and surface water quality The power plant - during its normal operation - shall not have any impact on the quality of subsurface and surface waters, therefore, likely, there shall be no change in the quality of waters after decommissioning. In case of a deconmnissioningperformed by the contractor with the utmost care to be expected, no negative impact or contaminationmay occur to the subsurface and surface waters of the area. 1114.2Changes in the soil quality T*hepower plant - during its normal operation - shall not have any impact on soil quality, therefore, likely, there shall be no change in the quality of soil after decommissioning. In case of a decommissioningperformed by the contractor with the utmost care to be expected, no negative impact or contaminationmay occur to the soil in the area. 91 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineenng and Contractor Co. 1114.3Ecological changes Decommissioningand the cease of air pollution shall have a favorable influence on the flora and fauna of the region by all means. After decommissioningonly the underground engineering structures shall remain in the site, the hollow undergroundstructures (fire water tank, cable ducts) shall be filled. In case of a complete decommissioning,these structures shall not mean "traps" which may cause damage to the ecology of the region. II14ALandscape, land use After decommissioningthe area shall be arranged and grassed. The landscape shall be restored,however, the current use of land (ploughland)can possibly not be restored. 92 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 11/5DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES I1/5.1 Protection of the air quality At the gas turbines, in case of oil firing, the characteristic air pollutants are: nitrogen-dioxides,sulfur-dioxide, carbon-monoxide and soot. Carbon-monoxideand soot emission at the gas turbines can be kept below the emission limit values without special environmentalmeasures. At the gas turbines two technological solutions can be applied for meeting NOx emission iimit values: water injection into the combustion chamber. This shall reduce the temperature at the places which can be considered critical from the point of view of nitrogen-dioxidegeneration. With this solution the amount of the generating nitrogen-dioxidecan significantlybe reduced. an appropriate bumer construction (so-calledDry-low-NOx burners), which keeps nitrogen-oxide generation on a low level. This solution is currently used at the gas turbines burning gaseous fuel, but experiments are underway with oil fired bumers, and such bumers shall expectedlyappear on the market within one or two years. In the present study we have supposed the applicationof the water injectionmethod At the gas turbines the sulfur-dioxide emission limit values can be met by the proper selection of the fuel material. In the power plant investigated by the present study the sulfur contents of the fuel material is very low (max. 02%/6),and thus the emission limit values can be met. 93 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 11/5.2Water protection The generating communal waste water shall be collected and treated in a closed waste water reservoir, and then transportedfor disposal. In the projectedplant site - due to its position (in the area there is no water flow) - surface and subsurfacewaters could only be contaminatedthrough the soil, and thus the following measures to be taken for the protection of the soil shall also serve for the protection of the waters. 11153Soil protection The technical solutions (oil-resistant tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and fittings, a reinforced concrete protective ring for the tanks) shall prevent the oil from spilling onto the soil. An oil trap shall be built for the collection of oily waters rumningdown from the access road of the racking station, as well as for the collection of the oils spilling at the gas turbine units. Oily waters shall be cleaned in an oil separator. The oil concentrationof the water discharging from the separator shall not exceed 2 mg/I. T-heseparated oil shall be pumped into a containerand then tranwsportedfor disposal. Wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a separate storage place in the plant. They shall be remediated by a licensed companyspecialized for this activity. 94 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Il/5.4 Noise protection In the pmjected power plant the noise protection shall be ensured by silencers, by special sound insulationsand by the light-structurecasing. II/5.5 Nature protection Nature protectionshall be ensured by the optimal design of the plant, taking into full considerationthe environmentalrequirements (selection of the fuel material, water injection) and by the way of construction. EU/5.6.Landscape protection With regard to the general appearance of the projected facility, it shall fit to the neighboing sub-station. After the completion of the construction of the plant the area shall be arranged and gassed, the newly planted trees shall interceptthe sight of the plant.. 11/5.7Averages and the plan for their elimination In order to prevent the pemicious impacts of accidents which may occur during transportation and on the material movement routes, the traffic roads in the projected plant area shall have a hard cover, and the pavements slope towards the catch basin. Liqid materials runnig down from the road and from the racking station, as well as originating from the technological system (rainwater, spills, leakages, etc.) shall be collected in the oil separator, where they shall be treated and cleaned up to a appropriatemeasure. The leakages of the fuel material and lubricatingmaterial systems shall immediately be explored by the monitoring system thus making possible to take the necessary measures without delay, and also to minimize losses and the possibilityof causing 95 EIV-EROTERV Rt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. environmentaldamages. The technical solutions (a concrete tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and the fittings, in case of the tanks a steel protective ring with a reinforcedconcrete base) shall prevent oil from spilling onto the ground in case of operational troubles. For the case of earthquakesand thunderstrike - tacing into account their frequency and energy - the prescriptionsfor designing are included in the national standard specifications, the compliance of which shall be supervised by the regulatory authorities tbrough the building permits and the license for use. When dimensioning the foundations from statical point of view, former seismic activities in the region are taken into consideration. The greatest possible case of average which may occur is a fire. The elimination of such averages and fire protection are prescribed in detail in the relevant official regulations.Planned fire protectionis effectiveagainst fire averages.. When extinguishingfire, the fire extinguishingmaterial shall spread on the soil in a relatively small part of the area, thus the extension of the contaminationcan easily be delineated and the contamination can effectively be eliminated. In order to reduce these damages, after the fire the following steps should be taken as soon as possible: - collection and absorption of the spilled hazardous materials and contaminated water - assessment of the rate of contamination clean-up or remediationof the contaminatedsoil. The protection against aggressive human actions shall be ensured by applying a fence around the site and by guarding. The action plan for the eliminationof averages can be prepared on the basis of the technical prescriptionsprovided by the suppliers.The action plan shall be prepared in the knowledgeof these technical prescriptions,after the selectionof the supplier. 96 L ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineerng and ContractorCo. 11/6MAIN UNCERTAINTIES AND MISSING DATA 11/6.1Designing conditions The main uncertaintiesof the designing conditions originate from the fact, that the type and the supplier of the equipmentis not yet selected. The projectedpower plant shall be of 100-120MW capacity. During the analysis of the enviromnentalimpacts the highest possible - 120 MW - capacity has been considered effective. Thus the associated air pollution and noise emissions can be considered as the highest estimated values, and the actual emissionsshall expectedly be lower. 11.6.2Building uncertainties The main uncertainties of the building also originate from the fact, that the type and the supplier has not yet been selected. Therefore, the volume of the construction/assemblyworks, the number and the type of the machines and the tansportation vehicles, as well as the material quantities to be transportedhave only been estimated on the basis of earlier experiences. 11/6.3Current environmental status and impacts I116.3Air quality In connection with the air quality and the air pollution of the projectedpower plant there are several uncertainties. The first uncertainty originates from the fact, that the type of the equipment is not yet selected, and thus the emission of the equipment has been detennined on the basis of the data provided by the potential suppliers. 97 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. The second uncertaintyis connected with the assessment of the state level. The air quality of the area of the projected power plant has been characterizedon the basis of the measuring results of the National Immission Measuring Network. The measuring points of the Network have not been located optimally from the point of view of the power plant under investigationin the present study, they have been selected from another aspects (investigation of the impacts of the industrialplants in the region,heavily polluting the area). The next uncertaintyis the limited reliability of the propagation calculationmodel. According to experiences, the difference between the calculated values and the actual immissionscan be max. 20%. II16.3.2Water quality The uncertaintiesassociated with water quality appear in the characterizationof the current status. No waste water shall be discharged from the projected power plant, and thus we do not have to count with an impact on water quality in the area. This was the reason why we had not performedinvestigations for determiningthe quality of the surface and subsurfacewaters of the area, we only displayed the existing and accessible data. 1116.3.3Soil quality In the case of soil quality the uncertainty is the lack of data necessary for the characterizationof the current status. Since the projected power plant shall have no impact on the soil, no investigations have been performed for determining soil quality in the area or in its surrounding. 98 ETV-E.ROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co. 11/6.3.4Ecological data The collection and the processing of the ecological data is done on a continuous basis. The evaluation of these data can take place only after the completion of the assessment. The impact of the operatingpower plant on the flora and the fauna shall be followed through biomonitoring investigations. Therefore, in the following, we shall deal with the uncertaintiy factors which can be expected during the biomonitoring investigations,and their elimination. The succession of quadratic sample areas: The flora and fauna and the composition of the species in the biomonitoring quadratic sample areas are dynamically changing, they develop in a detennined direction in a longer run. However, the occurring impacts on successionare manifest not only in the quadraticsample areas, but also in their control areas, and thus they can be interpreted in the course of the investigations. Changes im the ecologicalconditions of the guadratic sample areas: the following impacts are expected to occur in the quadraticsample areas: - changing of the use (for example grazing, afforestation,etc.) - grie.vousdisaster (for examplenatunal or antropogenicfires). Uncertainty factors can be reduced by an agreementwith the owner and by marking out the quadratic sample areas on an accidentalbasis. 99 ETV-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineering and ( ERdTERV) ContractorCo. IIM7.MONITORING SYSTEM III/7.1 Monitoring during construction No separate monitoring system shalUbe designed for the investigationof the impacts during the construction - due to the measure of the impacts. At the same time, during the construction/assemblyworks, the investor shall supervise the building company and the other contractors on a continuous basis, and shall follow with attention the respect of the environmentalregulations. II1.2Monitoring during operation Il/7.2.1 Air pollution and air quality The following characteristicdata and componentsof the flue gas shall be measured in the stack during operation,on a continuousbasis: - So2 , - NOX, - solid particles (soot), - Co, - or C02, - temperature of the flue gas, - volume flow of the flue gas The measuring data shall be processed by a computer program registering and evaluatingthe data accordingto the relevant regulations. Due to the short operatingtimes (20 hours per year, on the average) the building of a separate inunission measuringsystem is not justified. 100 ETV-ER(5TERVRt. PowerEngineering and Contractor Co. 11/7.2.2Investigation of surface and subsurfacewaters 'he projected power plant, in the course of its normal operation, shall not have an impact on the surface and subsurface waters, thus there is no need to build a monitoring system for the investigationof these environmentalelements. 11/7.2.3Investigation of soil contamination The projected power plant shall not have an impact on the soil either, and thus there is no need to build a monitoringsystem for the investigationof the soil. The operation of the oil trap shall be controlled by sampling the soil and by analyzing the sample for oil concentrationon a monthlybasis. 11/7.2.4Biomonitoring The decision-making on the necessity of a biomonitoring system, and its design shall only be possible after the completion of the basic investigations.Due to the expectedly small impact the quadratic sample areas should be marked out in the most polluted areas. The quadratic sample areas should include the characteristic vegetationunits of the investigatedarea: - open dolomite rock grass - sloping steppes with rock grass - calciphilous oakwood - planted black pinewood. It is important, that the ecological conditions of the quadratic control areas be identical or similar - except pollution. Primarily the similar habitats of Sukori- mountain belonging to Vilonya can be taken into accountas control areas. 101 I ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLA]NT OF L1T]R (Secondary reserve) DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY SUMMARY 102 ETV-ER6TERVRt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. In the course of the present work we performed the detailed environmentalimpact assessment of the projectedpower plant and we compiled a Detailed Environmental Impact Study, the main topics of which are summarized in the following, in harmonywith § 13 of GovernmentDecree No. 15211995(XU.12.): 1I/8.1Introduction One of the outstanding objectives of the Hungarian energy policy approved by the National Assenbly is the diversificationof the energy sources, and - in view of wire energy - the extensionof the connections.Therefore, in 1991,the Govenmmentmade a decision, that the Hungarian energy system joins UCPTE, the association of the Westem-European electric energy systems, which are on a higher technical level and which may guaranteea more safe electric energy supply for Hungary. One of the basic conditionsof joining UCPTE is, that the Hungarian electric energy system should have a quick-action,so-called secondarycontrol reserve capacitiesof a size determined by UCPTE recommendations.These reserve capacities should be equivalent at least to the greatest capacity of the electric energy production unit of the system. In the Hungarian electric energy system the greatest capacity production units are the 460 MW blocs of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, thus the secondary control reserve capacity should be of 460 MW. In the recent years, the HungarianPower CompaniesLtd. (MVM Rt.) has performed comprehensive investigations for analyzing the most purposeful possibilities of ensuring the requiredreserve capacity. Based on the analysis, MVM has come to the conclusion, that 200 MW of the required reserve capacity should be ensured by establishingquick-start gas turbine power plants. 103 ETV-EROTERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. 1118.2Description of the facility IIV8.2.1Installation Starting from the role of the secondary control-purposepower plants played in the electric energy system, MVM Rt. has come to the conclusion, that it would be purposeful to locate such power plants at the more importantjunction points of the electric energy system, close to the large sub-stationsof the network. The 2.4 ha size location of the projected power plant is in the outskirts of Lit6r, in N-E direction, in the northem part of the area surrounded by the Veszpr6m- Balatonfiizfwoand Veszpr6m-KiralyszentistvAnroads and the so-called tansformer transportationroads, in western direction from the existing substation, according to site plan No. 1123.-1. In the plant the following equipment and systems shall be installed (see installation plan No. I/23.-2): - gas turbine and auxiliary equipment - generator and auxiliary equipment - electric equipment of the power plant - electric technology of the substation - control system - environmentalmonitoring system - fuel supply system - water supply systems - fire protection systems. 104 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. IU8.2.2Description of the operationof the projected gas turbine power plant It is a basic requirement, that the projected power plant units reach maximum capacity within 10 minutes after starting by the National Electric Load Distributor (OVT). It is owing primarily to the aeroderivative gas turbines - transformed from airplane gear drives for industrialpurposes - that the requirement of quick starting can be met. Based on statistical data, the expected number of starting shall be minimum 5, maximum 60. After startng a 2-hour operation time is expected. During this period of time the defected unit can again be put into operation, or a reserve unit can be started. The most probable number of working hours per year shall be: 10 x 2, i.e. 20 hours/year. The projected power plant shall operatewithout permanent operatingstaff. The decisive technologicalelement of the power plant is the gas turbine, which has three main parts: the compressor, the combustion chamber and the turbine. The compressor compresses the suction air to the required pressure for combustion.The fuel is burnt by special bumers. The turbine is rotated by the expansion of the high pressure and high temperatureflue gas discharging from the combustionchamber. Electric energy is generatedby a generatorconnected to the turbine. The generating flue gas is discharged to the open air through a stack. The gas turbine is mountedwith a silencerboth at the suction side and at the stack. The operation scheme and the axonometricview of the gas turbine is shown in Fig. 11/1.-l, while the view and the axonometricpicture of the containerunit are shown in Fig. II/1.-2. 105 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. During combustionat a high temperaturea part of the suction air and the nitrogen- containing compounds of the fuel form nitrogen oxides. Their amount depends on the temperature of the flame and on the time of residence of the gases in the combustion chamber. The rate of nitrogen oxide generation can be kept on a low level by the proper formation of the combustion chamber, respectively by water injection. The fuel also contains some sulfir, in a very small quantity (max. 0.2%). During combustion this forms sulfur dioxide. The carbon monoxide and soot emission of the newesttypes of turbines is minimal. In the present phase of planning neitherthe number of the required gas turbines has not been determined, nor the type has not been selected. Based on the received informal proposals we have selected one from among the possible types for demonstrating the envirommentalimnpacts of the projecte-' power plant, which has the most unfavorablecharacteristics from environmentalpoint of view. The power plant shall have 100-120 MW capacity generated by one or two gas turbines. The most probable solution shall be a two-block faciiity, but the single- block version cannot be excluded either. During the investigation of the environmentalimpacts the most important difference between the two solutions is the analysis of the air pollution,since there is a significant difference between them with respect to immission. During the investigationof the environmentalimpacts the highest possible capacity - 120 MW - shall be considered as a reference. The characteristics of the power plant associatedwith this capacity (based on the received informal proposals and the preliminary discussionswith the potential suppliers)are the following: Capacity: 120 MW Efficiency: 40% Quantity: I or 2 Operation: Number of startings/year - average 10 - maximum 60 - minimum 5 Expected operationtime of one single starting 2 hours 106 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineeringand Contractor Co. Sulfur content of the projectedfuel: max. 0.2% Heatingvalue of the fuel: min. 41 000 kJ/kg Fuel consumption: 7.3 kg/s Dischargedflue gas: 365 kg/s, which is equivalent to 285 cu.m/s flue gas of normal condition (273 K, 101.3kPa) Temperatureof the emittingflue gas: 480°C Concentrationsof pollutantsin the emitted flue gas: nitrogen oxides max. 145 mg/cu.m (70 ppm) sulfur-dioxide max. 104 mg/cu.m carbon-monoxide max. 20 mg/cum soot <4 (blackening number according to the Bacharachscale) Emissionof pollutants: nitrogen oxides max. 149 kg/h sulfur-dioxide max. 107 kg/h carbon-monoxide max. 20.5 kg/h Heightof the stack 51 m (40 m) Noise emissionof the equipment: max. 85 dB(A) sound pressure level on the emission surfaces exposed at a distance of 1 m from the container units, resp. from {hebuildings 107 ETV-ER5TERV Rt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. 11/8.3Expected environmental changes and their evaluation 11/8.3.1Investigation of the environmentalimpacts and the impact areas The areas to be investigated for the current environmentalstatus and for the impacts of the operation of the projected power plant have been selected and presented separately, accordingto the environmentalelements and the investment phases (see Table 1/6.-i and Figs. 1/6.-). 11/8.3.2Current status of the environnent In summary, based on the available data and the performed noise measurements,the current environmentalstatus of the projected power plant can be characterized as follows: Air quality According to the measurementsof the National Immission Measuring Network the air quality in the area of Liter shows a favorable picture with respect to the basic pollutants. The air quality of the neighboring settlements with respect to sulfur- dioxide and nitrogen-dioxide pollution can be considered satisfactory, while the settling dust load is objectionable. Subsurface waters The most important water resource in the area of the projected power plant is the karstic water resource stored by the Triassic carbonate deposit constitutingthe base rock of Bakony. Based on the analytical results of the water of the karstic wells close t the site, it can be stated, that the water quality of these wells is "acceptable". 108 ETV-ERITERV Rt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. Surface waters The closest water flow is Bendola-creek,which runs into S6d-Veszpr6mat Vilonya. No water quality data are available with respect Bendola, the nearest water quality measuring station is on S6d-Veszpr6m. Based on the available data it can be stated, that the water quality of S6d-Veszpr6m is very bad (it is of category V, heavily polluted), especially with respect to the oxygen and nutrient supply. This significant deterioration of water quality can clearly attributed to the fact, that along the investigated section there are large industrialplants, which discharge their waste waters - partly treated, partly without treatment - into S6d-Veszpr6m. Noise According to the results of the measurementsperformed in April 1996 to asses the current noise load, the noise emission of the sub-station is below the permissible noise limit values, both in day time and during the night. At the dwelling houses, due to the noise load of the heavy-traffic road the ground noise is higher than the noise load caused by the sub-station, it is over the 50 dB(A) noise load limit value. During the night the ground noise of the environment is lower than in day time. The noise load at the investigated dwelling houses was below the limit value, it was max. 39 dB(A). 109 ETV-ERC5TERVRt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. II/8.3.3 The constructionand its impact on the environment The building materials and the technologicalequipment shall be transported to the site by road. The construction period - approx. 8-10 months - shall be characterized by an intensive transportationactivity, therefore we have to count with the increase of the road traffic. Transportation of building materials: in average 100 t/day (i.e. 4-5 trucks/day, during earthworks and concrete works 6-8 trucks/day). During the construction period approx. 600-700cu.m concrete resp. approx. 60 t steel shall arrive to the site. Concrete shall be tranWortedin mixer trucks. Technology: main equipment (turbines, generators, transformers - machine parts, stack parts, tanks) shall be transported pre-assembled,by special trailers. Auxiliary equipment and machineparts shall be transportedby normal tucks with an average frequency of 2-3 trucks/dayduring the 2-3 month period of assembly. Since the plant site shall already be excluded from agricultural cultivation by the time of the construction works, so-called "green damages" (treading underfoot) during constructionmay not be expected. The excavatedtopsoil shall be stockpiled separately and shall be backfilled after the construction,and care shall be taken, that a humic layer shall be at the top, where it is needed. During the constructionand assemblyworks mobiletoilets and bathroom containers shall be installed on the site based on an agreementwith the building company. The collection and the disposal of the generating waste water shall be the responsibility of the building company. 110 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. The communal waste and the debris which is not qualified as hazardous waste (for example offal, packing materials, etc.) shall be collected and disposed by the contractor performing the building and assembly works. According to the relevant regulations,possible hazardouswastes (as for example paint wastes, oily rags, etc.) in all cases shall be collected, stored on a temporary basis and disposed by the contractor. During the construction and the assembly we have to count primarily with air pollution and noise, caused by the works and the transportationactivity. Impacts on air quality During the constructionworks we have to count with a temporary dust load of the environment due to the removal of the vegetation, the foundationwork and other earthworks. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the machines shall not be significant due to the distance of the construction site from the residential area (the closest dwelling house is at a distance of 600 m). The pollution of the access roads of the site means a secondary pollution (the vehicles passing through the area shall disturb the clay-mud-sandmixture on the road from time to time), but this shall affect only the immediate vicinity of the roads, the pollution shall decrease parallel with the distance from the construction site. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the increasedroad traffic shall not be significant compared with the current pollution load of the heavytraffic roads in the area. Thus the traffic associatedwith the construction shall not have a significant impact on the air quality of the area. 111 ElTV-ER6TERVRL Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Impacts on soil quality and on surface and subsurface waters Possible soil and water contamination shall be prevented by full compliance with the water protection and waste managementregulations. Noise load of the environment during the construction of the projected power plant During constructionwe have to count with the following activities (increasing the noise load): - Transportationof materials and equipmentnecessary for the construction, - noise of the constructionand the assembly, - transportationof the wastes and debris generatingduring construction. The constructionworks shall be performedin day time, in the open air. Considering the distance of the dwelling houses to be protectedfrom the site of construction(the closest dwelling houses to be protected are at a distance of 600 m from the site), excess noise load values are not expected at the dwelling houses to be protected. Impacts on the flora and fauna The projected site currently is under agricultural cultivation, thus no values can be found in the area from the point of view of the flora and fauna. The constructionand assembly works shall not disturb natural habitats. 112 . I ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. 118.3A Operation and its impacts on the environment The gas turbine power plant is one of the currently known technologies of electric energy production processes which causes the least environmentalpollution. During its operation only airbome emissions and noise mean a pollution load to the environment. Air quality Expected emissions of the power plant polluting the air In Table 11/3.1.1-1we .zr:nparedthe expectedairborne emissionsof the power plant with the penr.ni%ibie emission limit values according to regulation 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH,respectively with the expected technologicalemission limit values, known as projected values. By comparing the expected highest airborne emissions with the limit values we have stated, that the emissions are below the permissiblevalues. Changes in the air quality caused by the power plant From residential point of view the air quality (immission) during operation is more important than the emissions of the plant., since air quality has an impact both on humans and the flora and fauna. In addition to the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the emitted flue gas, air quality depends on numerous furtier factors, such as: the height of the stack, the meteorological conditions (wind velocity and its changes by height, wind direction, changes of the air temperatureby height, etc), the topography and the articulation of the soil surface (plants, buildings). The correlation between the emissions and the air quality can be determinedby propagationcalculation. 113 ETV-ER5TERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. We have made propagation calculationsaccording to the standard specificationsfor the environment of the power plant, in order to determine the data required for the estimation of the expected changes in air quality. The propagationof air pollutants is decisively influenced by the stability of the atmosphere (mixing capability - S) and win velocity. Therefore, we performed the propagation calculation for the lability category (S=7) causing the highest concentration close to the soil, and for the most characteristic, normal stability category (S6). In Hungary, the most unfavorable air condition (S=7) occurs with a frequency of 6.5%, while the most characteristicair condition(S=6) occurs with a frequency of 39.8%. The results of the investigationare shown in Figs. II/3.1.2-1, -2, -3, and 4. In the figures it is well shown, how much generalincrease is caused by the power plant in the concentrationsof pollutants at various distances from the stack. The calculated values shall be added to the existing pollution level - basic load - of the area. These aggregated values should be compared with the permissible limit values of air quality. The expected changes in the air quality of the settlements of the impact area are shown in Table 11/3.13.-1. Based on the data of the table it can be stated, that, considering the periodical, short-time operation, anc; that the imission caused by the gas turbine, even if superposed to the basic load, shall remain below the air quality limit values in any of the settlements, the expected emissions of the power plant shall not result in a penicious pollution load to the environment. Soil quality, quality of surface and subsurface waters Soil quality may potentially be affected by the oil manipulations (transportation, racking, storage and feeding), as well as by the contact with wastes. The normal operation of the plant - thanks to the applied technical pru ective solutions - shall have no negative impact on the soil. 114 ETV-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineering and Contractor Co. Thanks to the geological conditions of the area, we need not to count with the contamination of the subsurfacewaters, however,the technical solutions serving for the protection of the soil shall also serve for the protection of the subsurfacewaters. In the plant area there are no surface water flow, water extraction or water discharge. The communal and fire water demand of the plant shall be satisfied by a branching from the drinking water pipeline supplying the sub-station with water. Demi water, required for the additional water supply used for the cooling system and, if required, for the reduction of the NOx emission of the gas turbines, shall be transported by road, in tank-trucks. During the provisionalstay of the operatingstaff in the power plant approx. I cu.m communal waste water may produce per month. It shall be collected in a closed waste water reservoir and than transportedfor disposal. Communal wastes shall consist of the generating organic wastes and the packing materials of the auxiliary materials. Their volume shall be about 2 cu.m per year. They shall be collected together with the communalwastes of the sub-station. They shall be transportedfor disposal by the local company of public hygiene. The hazardous wastes generating during the operationof the power plant consistof various used oils, oily rags, oil absorbents,used storage batteries and filter elements. Hazardous wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a special hazardous waste storage place in the plant area. They shall be disposedby licensed companiesspecialized for this activity. 115 E1V-ER6TERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. Impacts of the noise emission during the operation of the power plant The potential suppliers have been informed, that the sound pressure level measured at a distance of 1 m from the container units to be installed, respectively from the buildings may not exceed 85 dB(A). By this noise emission value we have determined the noise load caused by the projected power plant. According to calculations,the noise emission of the power plant shall increase the noise load of the dwelling houses to be protected with respect to the current noise load, but it shall not cause excess values neither in day-time nor during the night. Based on the results of the measurements carried out for the determinationof the basic noise load, it can be stated, that the noise at the dwelling houses located close to main road No. 72 is currently high due to heavy traffic, higher than the expected noise load of the operationof the projected power plant. Impacts on human health in the environment The enviromnentalimpacts of the projected power plant - taking into consideration the basic loads, too - shall remain below the limit values with respect to human health in any of the settlements of the impact area, thus the operation of the projected power plant shall not have a pernicious impact on the health of the residents. Social-economicasimpacts In January 1996 - based on the approved "Public information program" - the investors started the information of the great public. Based on the opinions voiced during the public hearing of February 29, 1996 in Liter, and the data of the second follow-uppublic opinion poll it can be stated, that the concerned population do not refuse the investment project, at the same time, they make certain reservations from environmentalpoint of view. 116 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. With regard to the great interest of the public, the investor, during the licensing procedure, shall keep informed the concerned municipalities about the most important decisions associated with the projected power plant (for example the selection of the technology, the fuel material, the final plant site, etc.) and shall ensure an accessfor the municipalityto the public documentsin connectionwith the projected power plant - primarily the detailed environmental impact study to be prepared -, and for the public the possibility of inspectionand making comments. Impacts on the landscape The landscape shall not significantly be influenced by the sight of the power plant, since the neighboring sub-station already gives an industrial character to the area. With regard to the general appearance of the projected facility, it shall fit to the existing buildings of the sub-station. The gas turbines shall have an 51 (40) m stack(s). After the completionof the building works, the area shall be grassed. J 117 ETV-EROTERVRt. Power Engineering and ContractorCo. 1I/8.3.5Expected impacts of decommissioning The projected life time of the power plant is 30 years. After the shut-down of the plant the equipment shall be disassembled and transported from the site. The dismounted machine equipment can be recycled (iron scrap). The underground concrete structuresshall remain in place. No waste shall remain on the site. After decommissionmngthe area shall be arranged and grassed. The landscapeshall be restored according to the original status, however, the current use of land (ploughland)can possibly not be restored. The expected impacts of decommissioningare similar to those of the construction period, but somewhat smaller. We have to count prnmarilywith air pollution and noise caused by dismountingworks and transportation. During deconmnissioningno negative impact or contaniination may occur to the waters and the soil of the area. Decommissioningand the cease of air pollution shall have a favorable influence on the flora and fauna of the region by all means. After decommissioningonly the underground engineering structures shall remain in the site. In case of a complete decommissioningthese structures shall not mean "traps" which may cause damage to the ecology of the region. 118 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineenngand ContractorCo. 1118.4Environmental measures Protection of air guality In order to reduce the emissionof nitrogen-oxides,water shall be injected into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, which shall reduce the temperatureat the critical points from the point of view of NOx generation. This solution may significantlyreduce the volumeof the generatingnitrogen-oxides. The limit values of sulfur-dioxideemission can be met by the proper selectionof the fuel material. Soil and water protection TIhegenerating communal waste water shall be collected and treated in a closed waste water reservoir,and then transported for disposal. The technical solutions (oil-resistant tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and fittings, a reinforced concrete protective ring for the tanks) shall prevent the oil from spillingonto the soil. An oil trap shall be built for the collection of oily waters running down from the access road of the racking station, as well as for the collection of the oils spilling at the gas turbine units. Oily waters shall be cleaned in an oil separator. The oil concentration of the water discharging from the separator shall not exceed 2 mg/I. The separated oil shall be pumped into a container and then transportedfor disposal. 119 ETV-ER65TERVRt. PowerEngineering and ContractorCo. The applied technology and the monitoring system shall immediately detect the leakages of the fuel and lubricating systems, and shall ensure the corrective measures without delay, thus minimizing the losses and the possibility of the environmentaldamages. Wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a separate storage place in the plant. They shall be remediated by a licensed company specialized for this activity. Noise protection In the projected power plant the noise protection shall be ensured by silencers, by special sound insulationsand by the light-structurecasing. 120 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineeringand ContractorCo. Studies prepared and used during the environmental assessment, literature 1. ETV-EROTERV Rt.:Secondary reserve gas turbines. Detailed feasibility study - Lit6r, Budapest, 1995. 2. ETV-ER6TERV Rt.: UCPTE secondary gas turbines, Preliminary EnvironmentalImpact Study - Lit6r plant, Budapest, 1995. 3. VITUKI-Innosystem Kft.:Quick-start gas turbine power plant of Liter, Detailed environmental impact study - Work parts associated with surface and subsurfacewaters, Budapest, 1996. 4. National Meteorological Service - Commercial Servicing Office: Meteorologicaldata in the area of Lit6r, 1995. 5. Bakony Museum: Preliminary work parts for the detailed enviromnental impact study on the Liter plant of UCPTE Secondary Gas Turbines, Zirc, 1996. 6. National Public Health Institute: Expert opinion - Air quality of the Balatonffozf5--Literregion, Budapest, 1994. 7. Consult-R Bt.: UCPTE secondary gas turbines, Liter plant, Detailed environmental impact study, work parts associated with noise, Budapest, 1996. 8. G&borBede - Ivan Gacs: Propagationof pollutantsin the atmosphere,BME Engineers'Further Training Institute, Budapest, 1980. 9. Dr. Ivan Gacs - Istvan Bodnar Modeling of the propagationof air pollutants, Er6terv InformationBulletin, No. 32, Budapest, 1994. The above studies and literaturecan be inspected at the followingaddress: ETV-EROTERVRt. - Environmental Office Budapest,Angyal u. 1-3. Istvin T6th, office head (Tel.: 215-5722) 121