sign in sign up
<<
Home , Abdullah Sadiq, Agrophysics, Bruno Zumino, Ni Guangjiong

IAEA-TECDOC-488

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL

Scientific Activities in 1987

A TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1988 IAEe Th A doe t normallsno y maintain stock f reportso thin si s series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from

INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 P.O.Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria

Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100, in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons orderee b whic y dhma separately fro INIe mth S Clearinghouse. PLEAS AWARE EB E THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK INTERNATIONAL CENTR THEORETICAR EFO L PHYSICS: SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES IN 1987 IAEA, VIENNA, 1988 IAEA-TECDOC-488 ISSN 1011-4289

Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 1988 CONTENTS

PART I Review of the scientific activities in 1987...... 1 Statistical digest: Summar f participatioo y n (Calendar 1987)...... 4 . Summar f participatioo y n 198 . 1986...... 7vs 5 . Participatio geographicay nb l areas...... 5 . Number of and man/months by activity...... 6 Statistical summary of all activities...... 7 Participation by activity...... 8 e scientifiTh PAR I I T c programme Fundamental physics: Researc hign hi h energy physic fundamentad san l theory...... 3 .1 Spring school and workshop on superstrings...... 1 4 Conference on indirect evidence of new energy scales from low energy precision experiments...... 5 .1 Summer worksho hign pi h energy physic d cosmology...... an s 6 .1 Conferenc phenomenologn eo hign i y h energy physics...... 6 .1 Meeting on "Search for scalar : Experimental and theoretical aspects"...... 1 6

Condensed matter, atomic molecularand physics: Research in ...... ^ Third International Workshop on "Total energy and force methods"...... 1 9 Winter college on atomic and ...... 20 School on polymer physics...... 20 Worksho surfacn o p e scienc catalysis...... 2d an e 1 Workshop on nonlinear charge density wave systems...... 22 Spring college in on "Metallic materials"...... 23 Research worksho condensen pi d matter, atomic and molecular physics...... 24 Working party on the physics of porous media...... 26

Mathematics: Mathematics research...... 28 Séminair s espacele r esu s fibres: leur utilisatio physique...... 2n ne 9 Collège on Riemann surfaces...... 30

Physics and energy: Third workshop on perspectives in at intermediate energies...... 32 Spring college on plasma physics...... 33 International conference on cometary plasma physics...... 33 Worksho materialn po s physicscience th d f nonconventionaseo an l energy sources...... 34 Workshop on economics, modelling, planning and management of energy...... 35 Worksho interaction po n between physic architecturd an s environmenen i t conscious design...... 36

Physics and environment: Spring colleg geomagnetisn eo aeronomy...... 3d man 8 Colleg soin o el physics...... 9 .3 Second Autumn workshop on cloud physics and climate...... 40 : Second workshop on mathematics in industry...... 4 1 International workshop on remote sensing and resource exploration...... 42 ICFA School on instrumentation in elementary physics...... 43 Worksho telematics...... 4n po 4 Fourth college on microprocessors: Technology and applications in physics...... 45

Adriatico research conferences: Adriatico research conferenc n undulatoo e r magnet r synchrotrofo s n radiatio d frean ne lasers...... 6 .4 Adriatico research conferenc one-dimensionan o e l organic conductors: Chemistry, physic applications...... d an s 7 .4 Special Adriatico research conference on high temperature superconductors...... 48 Adriatico research conferenc vacuun o e n mnonrelativistii c matter-radiation systems...... 49 Adriatico research conferenc scanninn eo g tunnelling microscopy Fundamental experimental and theoretical progress...... 50 Adriatico research conference on interatomic forces in relation to defect d disordean s condensen i r d matter...... 1 .5 Adriatico research conference on the path integral method with applications...... 2 .5

Other research...... 54 Microprocessor laboratory...... 5 .5 Network Associateof Members Federatedand Institutes: Regular Associates...... 7 .5 Senior Associates...... 8 .5 Junior Associates...... 59 Federation Agreements...... 0 .6 Physics and development...... 62 The ICTP donation scheme...... 63 Hosted activities...... 4 .6 Training and research at Italian laboratories...... 64

Activities and sponsored projects outside the ICTP Regional activities organized Centre:the by Microcomputers in physics and mathematics...... 65 Worksho fabrication po cosw lo tf o nlaborator y equipmen r physics...... 6fo t 5 Worksho applicabilite th n po f environmentao y l physics and meteorology in Africa...... 66 Regional activities co-sponsored by the Centre...... 67 Prizes and other celebrations: Alfred Kastler Prize...... 69 Nikolaj N. Bogolubov Prize...... 69 Dirac Medals...... 0 .7

PAR I II TPublication s issue n 1987...... 7i d 1 Preprints internaland reportsin: Fundamental physics...... 72 Condensed matter physics...... 0 .8 Mathematics ...... 89 Nuclear physics...... 94 Plasma physics ...... 5 .9 Other fields...... 96 PART I

A REVIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES IN 1987 at the International Centre for , Trieste, Italy

GENERAL

The main fields of research and training-for-research at the Centre in 1987 were: (a) Fundamental physics (high energ particld an y e physics, cosmolog )d an y ; (b) Condensed matter, atomic and molecular physics (atomic and molecular physics, materials science, surfaces and interfaces); (c) Mathematics (geometry, topology, differential equations, ); (d) Physics and energy (nuclear physics and fission, plasma physics and nuclear fusion, non- conventional energies); (e) Physic d environmenan s t ( physics, climatolog d meteorologyan y , physice th f o s atmosphere, magnetosphere, aeronomy); (f) Applied physics and high technology (applicable mathematics, microprocessors, communications, instrumentation) and (9) Physics and development. Some 3700 scientists too e kactivitie th e parCentre th n i tf o sn threi , e major projects outside Trieste and in the Programme for Training at Italian Laboratories, staying for a total of almost 3900 man/months. Over 58% of them were from developing countries, accounting for 83% of the total man/months. One-hundred and forty-nine of them were associated members fro 5 developinm4 f thego countriem6 57 wer d ean s researchers from federated institute6 5 n i s developing countries.

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS

Research in high-energy physics was carried out throughout the year, with the participation of 120 from developing countries out of a total of 201. A two-week schoo workshod an l superstringn po s hel Aprin di s attende wa physicist5 l 7 y db s from developing traditionaw countrietotano a f f 258e o o l t Th .l ou sSumme r Worksho n Higpi h Energy Physics (including, this time a topica, l conferenc n scalao e r fundamental particles s hel n Junewa i d) - August, with an audience of 125 physicists from developing countries (out of a total of 206); it s precedewa meetina scalw y ne db e n effectgo low-energn i s y precision experiments.

CONDENSED MATTER, ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Research was conducted throughout the year with the participation of 75 scientists from developing countrietotaa f f 102o o l t . ou s Three high-level training courses (the Winter College on Atomi d Moleculaan c r Physics e Sprinth , g Colleg n Metallieo c Materiale Schooth d n o lan s Polymer Physics) were attende 8 scientist22 y b d s from developing countriea tota f f o o l t ou s 299. annuae Th l Research Worksho Condensen pi d Matter, Atomi Moleculad an c r Physics, which beginnine f Junth o s hel o d t ewa d en f Septemberfro go e mth s attende 0 physicistwa ,19 y b d s from developing countrietotaa f f 227o o l t . ou s Other activities included e Thirth : d International Worksho Totan po l Energ d Forcan y e Methods workshoa , surfacn po e scienc d catalysisean a , workin ge physic partth n f o yporouso s mediaworkshoa d an , non-linean po r charge density wave systems. They brought togethe 9 physicists23 rf whoo t 9 werm9 ou , e from developing countries. MATHEMATICS

Researc n i mathematicsh , carrie t throughouou d e yearth t , brought togethe6 3 r mathematicians from developin e scientifiTh g . countriectota47 a f f meetingo o l t ou s s organized by the Mathematics Group included a topical meeting on fibre bundles and the College on Riemann Surfaces, attended by 88 scientists from developing countries out of a total of 141.

PHYSICS ENERGYAND

The Third Workshop on Perspectives in Nuclear Physics at Intermediate Energies, organized by the Centre in collaboration with the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN, Rome) s attende wa 2 , 2 y b d s from developing countriea tota f f 115o o l t .ou s e SprinTh g Colleg n Plasmo e a Physics, which include n internationada l conferenc cometarn o e y plasma physics followe a worksho y e subjectb dth s attenden o p9 wa ,9 y b d s from developing countries out of a total of 153. At the end of August and in September, the following activities took place: the Workshop on Material Science and the Physics of Non-conventional Energy Sources, co-sponsored by the Italian Department for Cooperation to Development and the Italian National Research Council; the Workshop on the Economics, Modelling and Management of Energy, co-sponsored by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science; and the Workshop on the Interaction between Physics and Architecture in Environment Conscious Design. o hundreTw d fifty-fouan d r scientists from developing countries took par n thesi t e activitiet ou s ototaa f f 329o l .

PHYSICS ENVIRONMENTAND

The Spring College on Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, the Third College on and e Seconth d Worksho n Clouo p d Physic d Climatan s e were attende6 scientist22 y b d s from developing countrietotaa f f 286o o l t .ou s

APPLIED PHYSICS AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY

Secone Th d Worksho Mathematicn po WorkshoIndustrn e si th d yan Remot n po e Sensind gan Resource Exploration were hel n February-Marchi d n JuneI e Internationa. th , l Committer fo e Future Accelerators held a School on Instrumentation in Elementary at the Centre. For the first time since its inception, the Centre organized a workshop on telematics, whic s followe e Fourthwa th y hb d Colleg n Microprocessoro e - sTechnolog d Applicationan y n i s Physics. Five-hundre d twenty-sidan x scientists f whoo , 1 camm35 e from developing countries, participated in these meetings.

ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENCES

Seven "Adriatico Research Conferences" were held. They dealt with: one-dimensional organic conductors, vacuu n mnon-relativistii c matter-radiation systems, scanning tunnelinn i g microscopy, interatomic forces in relation to defects and disorder in condensed matter, high- temperature superconductors, path integral d synchrotroan , n radiatio d frean ne electron lasers. These meetings were attende 3 scientist13 y db s from developing countrietotaa f f 503o o l t .ou s

PHYSICS AND DEVELOPMENT

paste th Anumbea ,n i sexperte th f d leadino r an s g scientists takin ge activitie th par n i t s at the Centre lectured on physics and its relevance to development. Forty-nine lectures were given in 1987. TRAINING ITALIANAT LABORATORIES

One-hundred and four grants were awarded to scientists from developing countries for training at Italian academic and industrial laboratories under a programme which started in 1982 with the financial support of the Government of Italy.

EXTERNAL ACTIVITIES

A Worksho n Microcomputerpo Teachine th n i s f Physicgo d Mathematican s s heln wa sdi Sudan, the Workshop on the Fabrication of Low-cost Laboratory Equipment for Physics was held in Tanzania, and the Workshop on the Applicability of Environmental Physics and Meteorology in Africa was held in Ethiopia. In the field of training for physics and mathematics teachers, the Centre sponsored 79 courses, workshops and symposia in 33 countries. In addition, the Centre sponsored 5 scholarships for scientists wishing to work at 5 research institutions in developing countries; this programme was financed by the Government of Italy.

MEETINGS HOSTED BY THE CENTRE

Centre Th e hoste dmeetina e Initiativth f go e Committe e Internationath f eo ! Foundatior nfo Survival and a Workshop on Scientific and Technological Applications of Synchrotron Radiation.

BOOKS AND EQUIPMENT DONATION PROGRAMME

n 1987I e Centrth , e distributed 10000 journals, 12000 set f proceedingo s d 1000an s 0 book moro t s e thainstitute0 n40 developin6 9 n i s g countries. Equipment from CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics) was sent to several universities in various developing countries.

AWARDS

The 1987 Dirac Medals were awarded to Professors Bryce DeWitt (University of Texas at Austin, USA) and Bruno Zumino (University of California at Berkeley, USA) for their outstanding contributions to theoretical physics. Professor Li Jia Ming from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences s awardewa e 198dth 6 Alfred Kastle rs outstandin Prizhi r efo g contributio fiele f th atomido n ni c and molecular physics. Dr. Abdullah Sadi f Pakistao q s awardewa n e 198th d 7 Nikola . BogoluboN j v Prizn i e recognition of his contributions to scientific knowledge in the field of solid state physics.

PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS

overale Th l production amounte 421o dt . STATISTICAL DIGEST

Summar f o participatioy n e researcth d n training-for-researci an h h activities at the ICTP in 1987 The following tables deal with all activities combined, therefore they show the actual number of visitors, i.e. those scientists who participated in more than one activity are counted only once.

Summary of participation 1987 vs. 1986

Visitors Man/Months Total Percentage (Dev. vs. total) Dev. Ind. . Dev Ind. Visitors M/M VisitorM M/ s

1986 2180 14713146.02 674.49 1 3820.5365 1 59.70% 82.34%

7 217198 1 1529 3247.27 652.01 3700 3899.28 58.68% 83.28%

Increase/ Decrease -0.41% +3.94% +3.22% -3.45% 11.34% +2.06%

e abovTh einclude6 figure198 r :fo s Regional college on microprocessors (Hefei, P.P. China) 9 2 64.45 9 5 4 12 6.58 71.03 76.61% 90.73% Worksho curriculun po m development (Nairobi, Kenya) 0 1 11648.7 2 6 4.212 0 52.92 92.10% 92.10% Training in Italian laboratories 7 12 - - 773.9 7 12 2 773.92 100.00% 100.00%

e abovTh einclude7 figure198 r :fo s Workshop on microcomputers (Khartoum, Sudan) 24 3 7.92 0.99 27 8.91 88.89% 88.89% Worksho fabrication o p cosw lo tf no laborator y equipment (Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania) 37 - 36.63 - 37 36.63 100.00% 100.00% Worksho applicabilite th n po f environmentao y l physic mathematicd san s (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) 8 21.6 0 6 08 6 2.824.48 8 88.24% 88.24% Training in Italian laboratories 108 - 730.10 - 108 730.10 100.00% 100.00%

Participation by geographical areas e researcth n d i training-for-researcan h h activities e ICTo th fn 198 i P 7

Geographical Areas Visitors Man/months Tota lr Arefo a Dev. Ind. Dev. Ind. Visitors Man/Months

Africa 547 „ 690.56 _ 547 690.56 Asia 873 48 1589.28 38.45 921 1627.73 Europe 393 1108 359.66 416.83 1501 776.49 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 19 14 18.47 21.44 33 39.91 Nort Centrad han l America 88 323 113.86 166.14 411 280.00 South America 251 - 475.44 - 251 475.44 International Organizations - 36 - 9.15 36 9.15

TOTAL 1 152217 9 3247.27 652.01 3700 3899.28

Developin% . Totavs g l 58.68% 83.28% Breakdown of the number of scientists who worked at the ICTP in 1987 and of man/months per activity

Other tables show thatotae th t l numbe f scientisto r e ICTcamo th 370s Pwh i so e t 0 while the total numbe f man/montho r s 3899.28 i stablee th n sI .whic h follo e numbewth f scientisto r s will be higher since several of them took part in more than one activity. Table I shows a summary of the breakdown while Table III shows the details. Percentages totae refeth l o t participatior grane th fiele . dth dvs total n ni .

Table I Summarized breakdown by field of activity

Activity Number of Visitors Number of Man/months Dev. Ind. Total % Dev. Ind. Total %

1. Fundamental Physics 322 380 702 16.77% 467.14 254.63 721.77 18.51% 2. Condensed Matter 592 275 867 20.71% 600.03 119.08 719.1 1 18.44% 3. Mathematics 124 64 188 4.49% 304.51 77.26 381.77 9.79% 4. Physics & Energy 375 222 597 14.26% 201.39 49.99 251.38 6.45% 5. Physic Environmen& s t 226 60 286 6.83% 172.19 20.15 192.34 4.93% 6. Applied Physics 351 175 526 12.57% 315.23 60.10 375.33 9.63% 7. Adriatico Conferences 133 370 503 12.02% 27.33 57.00 84.33 2.16% 8. Other research 227 50 277 6.62% 363.20 9.93 373.13 9.57%

TOTAL 2350 1596 3946 94.27% 2451.02 648.14 3099.16 79.48%

Outside activities* 1. Italian laboratorie8 10 s 8 10 2.58% 730.10 730.10 18.72% 2. Microcomputers (Sudan4 2 ) 7 2 o.65 3 % 7.92 0.99 8.91 0.23% 3. Low-cost equip. (Tanzania) 37 3 7 0.88% 36.63 36.63 0.94% 4. Applicabilit f environmentao y l physics and meteorology (Ethiopia) 60 8 68 1.62% 21.60 2.88 24.48 0.63%

TOTAL 229 11 240 5.73% 796.25 3.87 800.12 20.52%

GRAND TOTAL 2579 1607 4186 3247.27 652.01 3899.28

Hosted activities 1. Workshop on scientific and technological applications of synchrotron radiation . Initiativ2 e Committe e Internationath f o e l Foundatio r Survivanfo l

* In addition, the Centre supported 79 regional courses, workshops and conferences in all region worle th f do s (see pages 67-68). Table II shows a statistical summary of the activities at the ICTP itself and outside its premises.

Table II Statistical summary on activities d outsidan hel e t ICTa dth e P

Figures on research include long- and short-term scientists as well as Associate Members, some scientists from Federated Institutes and seminar lecturers. As regard e activitieth s s held outsid 9 course 7 e ICTP th ee th ,s sponsoret no t bu d organize t included no y ICTd b e Par .

Activity Number of Visitors Number of Man/months Dev, Ind. Total Dev. Ind. Total 1. At the ICTP: (a) Research: Fundamental Physics 120 81 201 350.17 137.00 487.17 Condensed Matter 75 27 102 166.56 25.85 192.41 Mathematics 36 1 1 47 218.13 52.63 270.76 Microprocessors Lab 6 9 15 38.99 3.64 42.63 Other 227 50 277 363.20 9.93 373.13

Total 464 178 642 1 137.05 229.05 1366.10

Tota% . Granvs l d Total 15.34% 35.03%

) Trainin(b r researcgfo h (courses, workshops and conferences) Total 1886 1418 3304 1313.97 419.09 1733.06

% Total vs. Grand Total 78.93% 44.45%

2. Outside activities: (a) Italian laboratories 1 08 108 730.10 730.10 (b) Microcomputers (Sudan) 24 3 27 7.92 0.99 8.91 (c) Low-cost equip. (Tanzania7 3 ) 37 36.63 36.63 ) Applicabilit(d f environmentao y l physics and meteorology (Ethiopia) 60 8 68 21.60 2.88 24.48

Total 229 11 240 796.25 3.87 800.12

% Total vs. Grand Total 5.73% 20.52%

GRAND TOTAL 2579 1607 4186 3247.27 652.01 3899.28 00

Tabl1 11 e Participation in the research and training-îor-research activities at the ICTP in 1987

Activity Dates Numbe f visitoro r s Numbe f Man/montho r s Dev. Ind. Total Dev. Ind. Total Fundamental Physics Research in high energy physics and fundamental theory all year 120 81 201 350.17 137.00 487.17 Spring schoo workshod an l superstringn po s r 1-1Ap 5 75 183 258 30.27 79.10 109.37 Conferenc indirecn eo t evidenc energw ne f eyo scales fro energw mlo y precision experiments 22-24 Jun 2 35 37 0.17 3.14 3.31 Summer worksho hign pi h energy physic cosmologd san y Jun-9 2 g 7Au 125 81 206 86.53 35.39 121.92

TOTAL 322 380 702 467.14 254.63 721.77 % vs Grand Total 1677% 1851%

Condensed Matter, Atomi d Moleculaan c r Physics Researc condensen hi d matter physics all year 75 27 102 166.56 25.85 192.41 Third Int'l workshop on total energy & force methods 26-28 Jan 14 55 69 1.09 6.15 7.24 Winter college on & molecular physics 9 Mar-3 Apr 77 15 92 62.23 3.31 65.54 Schoo polymen o l r physics y 7 AprMa 2 5 -1 51 27 78 32.57 11.08 43.65 Worksho surfacn po e scienc catalysid ean s y 4-Ma 9 48 23 71 59.59 5.20 64.79 Workshop on nonlinear charge density wave systems 4 May-1t Ju 7 16 26 42 14.74 17.33 32.07 Spring college in materials science on "Metallic Materials" 11-19 Jun 100 29 129 86.19 10.93 97.12 Workshop in condensed matter, atomic and molecular physics 22 Jun-4 Sept 190 37 227 167.78 26.81 194.59 Working party on the physics of porous media 17-2g Au 8 21 36 57 9.28 12.42 21.70

TOTAL 592 275 867 600.03 119.08 719.1 1 % vs Grand Total 20.71% 18.44% contd. Activity Dates Number of visitors Number of Man/months Dev. Ind. Total Dev. Ind. Total Mathematics Researc mathematicn hi s l yeaal r 36 11 47 218.13 52.63 270.76 Séminaire sur les espaces fibres: leur utilisation en physique 27 Apr-1 May 7 2 9 1.22 0.16 1.38 Collège on Riemann surfaces 9 Nov-18 Dec 81 51 132 85.16 24.47 109.63

TOTAL 124 64 188 304.51 77.26 381.77 % vs. Grand Total 4.49% 9.79%

Physics and Energy Third workshop on perspectives in nuclear physics at intermediate energies y 18-2Ma 2 22 93 115 2.74 15.88 18.62 Spring college on plasma physics 25 May-19 Jun 99 54 153 77.95 17.15 95.10 Worksho materialn po s physicscience th d f so ean nonconventional energy sources 26 Aug-18 Sept 153 32 185 106.38 9.61 115.99 Workshop on economics, modelling, planning and management of energy 14-25 Sept 63 17 80 11.73 3.73 15,46 Workshop on interaction between physics and architecture environrnenn i t conscious design 21-25 Sept 38 26 64 2.59 3.62 6.21

TOTAL 375 222 597 201.39 49.99 251.38 Gran. vs d% Total 14.26% 6.45%

Physics and Environment Spring college on geomagnetism and aeronomy r 2-2Ma 7 67 14 81 54.96 5.53 60.49 Colleg soin eo l physics v 2-2No 0 81 24 105 54.67 5.29 59.96 Second autumn workshop on cloud physics and climate 23 Nov-18 Dec 78 22 100 62.56 9.33 71.89 TOTAL 226 60 286 172.19 20.15 192.34 % vs. Grand 'Total 6.83% 4.93% contd. Activity Dates Number of visitors Number of Man/months Dev. Ind. Total Dev. Ind. Total Applied Physics and High Technology Second workshop on mathematics in industry 2-27 Feb 54 37 91 41.96 11.77 53.73 International workshop on remote sensing and resource exploration 9 Feb-r 6Ma 65 25 90 50.14 7.18 57.32 ICFA school on instrumentation in physics 8-1n Ju 9 32 72 104 15.45 25.86 41.31 Workshop on telematics Sept-7 t 2Oc 80 13 93 103.42 3.78 107.20 Fourth colleg microprocessorsn eo : Technolog applicationd an y s in physics 5-30 Oct 114 19 133 65.27 7.87 73.14 Microprocessors laboratory l yeaal r 6 9 15 38.99 3.64 42.63

TOTAL 356 218 574 318.32 65.16 383.48 . Granvs d% Total 13.71% 9.83%

Adriatico Conferences: Undulator magnets for synchrotron radiation and free electron lasers (Adriatico Conference) 23-26 Jun 5 43 48 3.09 5.06 8.15 One-dimensional organic conductors: Chemistry, physics and applications (Adriatico Conference) 30 Jun-3 Jul 10 49 59 1.89 8.74 10.63 High temperature superconductors (Adriatico Conference) 6-8 Ju! 53 128 181 8.37 18.47 26.84 Vacuum in nonrelativistic matter-radiation systems (Adriatico Conference) 14-1l Ju 7 10 22 32 1.11 4.21 5.32 Scanning tunnelling microscopy - Fundamental experimental and theoretical progress (Adriatico Conference) 28-3l Ju 1 12 73 85 2.04 11.50 13.54 Interatomic forces in relation to defects and disorder in condensed matter (Adriatico Conference) 11-1g Au 4 g 17 26 4.47 2.47 6.94 Path integral method with applications (Adriatico Conference) 1-4 Sept 34 38 72 6.38 6.55 12.91

TOTAL 133 370 503 27.33 57.00 84.33 . Granvs d% Total 12.02% 2.16% contd. Activity Dates Number of visitors Number f o Man/months Dev. Ind. Total Dev. Ind. Total Other Research Miscellaneous research all year 227 2 27 45 363.20 9.30 372.50 Physics and Development Programme all year - 5 5 - 0.63 0.63 (Another 30 scientists participating in other programmes gave also lectures)

TOTAL 227 50 277 363.20 9.93 373.13 % vs. Grand Total 6.62% 9.57%

Outside activities (a) Trainin Italian gi n laboratories all year 108 108 730.10 - 730.10

Subtotal 1 08 108 730.10 _ 730.10 % vs. Grand Total 2.58% 18.72%

(b1) Micros in physics and mathematics (Khartoum, Sudan) 22-31 Mar 24 3 27 7.92 0.99 8.91 (b2) Worksho fabrication po f low-cosno t laboratory equipment for physics (Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania) 1-30 Apr 37 37 36.63 - 36.63 (b3) Worksho applicabilite th n po f environmentayo l physics and meteorology in Africa (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) 10-21 Aug 60 8 68 21.60 2.88 24.48

Subtotal 121 11 132 66.15 3.87 70.02 . Gran%vs d Total 3.15% 1.80%

GRAND TOTAL 2579 1607 4186 3247.27 652.01 3899.28

Hosted Activities 1. Workshop on scientific and technological applications of synchrotron radiation 14-5 May . Initiativ2 e Committe Internationae th f o e l Foundatioy Ma r Surviva nfo 3 2 1 2 l PART II

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS

Title: RESEARCH IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND FUNDAMENTAL THEORY

Dates: Throughou yeare th t .

Organ!zers:This research programm s organize wa e Directo e th Centrth y f b do e r Professor e residenth , t physicist . Sezgin E . StrathdeJ . . Depute Dr Dr sth , d an ey Director Prof. L Bertocchi and the consultants Professors G. Furlan and R. lengo (University of Trieste).

Purpose: To contribute to the advancement of physics at an international standard through individual and team research, stimulate interaction between physicists from developing and industrialized nations, and create genuine research conditions that will encourage Associate Member visitord an s s from Federated Institute n theii s r work after their return home.

Seminars wer e calculatioeth hel: e smootheth on d f o n r wave-function r chaotifo s c systems; spin and twisted fields 4-point functions in 2D conformai models; a search for light in neutral decay; and Wilson lines: three generation models; comments abou e geometrth t f nonlineao y r sigma models; loop groups, Grassmannian conformad an s i field theory; astrophysical axionic lasers; one-loop amplitude d effectivan s e actio n superstrini n g models; introductio o thermat n l field dynamic s applicationsit d an s d LEPan ; C physic; SL t a s gravity as a gauge theory on the lattice; quantization of the Green-Schwarz superstring; integrability of N = 16 ; aspects of bosonization in field theory; gauge dependence of dynamical mass; constraint n ligho s t particles froe supernovamth ; four dimensional superstring phenomenology; nonlocal BRS counterterms; critical phenomena in 2-d supersymmetric models; 0*(14), the spectroscopy of one family, and how local spin invariance, SL(2,c), leads to an understanding of Giorgi-Glashow, Pati-Salam, the , and associated Higgs fields; Berry's phase: topology in atomic and molecular physics; chiral bosonization, determinant e strinth gd an partitios n function; generally covariant Q.F.Td an . scaling limits; effective Lagrangians, anomalies and ; topological defects in supersymmetric field theories; string form of QCD; quark- mass matrices in string theorie n orbifoldso s ; symplectic geometr f fielo y d theories; Beltrami parametrizatior fo n strings; the effective string action; toward observational astrophysics; review of light cone superstrings; one loop string corrections to effective field theory; 4-dimensional string theories; group theoretic approac strino ht g theories; nonconventiona lt shor a behaviou D t QC f o r and large distances; quark- plasma: large N approach; effective hadronic Lagrangian in the strong coupling expansio f lattico n e QCD; symbiotic superstring d manifestlan s y super-Poincaré covariant quantization of Green-Schwarz superstrings.

Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 14 14 Asia 65 10 75 Europe 24 43 67 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 3 3 North and Central America 20 20 South America 17 17 International Organizations 5 5 TOTAL 1 20 81 201

13 Title: SPRING SCHOOL ON SUPERSTRINGS

Dates: 1-11 April 1987

ana

Title: WORKSHOP ON SUPERSTRINGS

Apri5 Dates1 - l 3 1981 : 7

Organizers: Professor . Alvarez-GaumL s e (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) . GreeM , n (Queen Mary College, London, UK) and M. Grisaru (Brandeis University, Waltham, USA), in collaboration wite Italiahth n Institut r Nucleaefo r Physics (Istituto Nazional i Fisicd e a Nucleare, INFN).

Purpose o introduct : e subjecth e f superstrino t g theor o thost y e intereste n enterini d g the fiel r learnindo techniquess git detailn i .

Programme: Topics: Introduction to . Compactification and modular invariance. Higher loop calculations and mathematical background. Sigma model approac stringso ht . Second quantized . Algebras, lattices and strings. The effective field theory from strings. Phenomenolog f stringso y .

Lectures were give : (School)on n introductio o t superstringsn ; introductioo t n conformai field theory; review of ; introduction to Riemann surfaces; strings w energlo fro a my poin f viewo t ; superconformai field theory; introductio o strint n g field theory; Kac-Mood Virasord an y o algebra d theian sr applications; introductio o heterotint c strings and their compactification; complex manifolds and Calabi-Yau spaces; string theory as algebraic geometry; advanced string field theory; string theor d Riemanan y n surfaces. (Workshop): clasa f Calabi-Yao s u spaces; superstring field theory e BRSth ; T invariant, cyclic symm. 3 superstring vertex and superconformai field theory; covariant Fermi vertex operators; supersymmetry cancellation mechanism e structur th e ;worl th f do e sheet; quantization of Green-Schwarz string; effective Lagrangians for 4-D superstrings; coupled chiral and supersymmetry anomalies in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories; Calabi-Yau compactification and N=1 supersymmetry in D = 4; nonlinear sigma models on arbitrary genus Riemann surfaces; relation between Polyakov's and Fradkin's integrals; thermofield dynamics d stringan t a finits e temperatures; Grassmannian d strinan s g theory; supermoduld an i divergences; the heterotic string cosmological constant; anomalies and modular invariance; lattice construction of 4-d heterotic strings; modular invariant partition functions; Ramond sector of the supersymmetric models; anomaly cancel!, in 4-d heterotic strings; superconformai partition functions from the bosonic string; heterotic strings in and Wilson lines backgrounds; affine superalgebra e super-Sugawarth d an s a construction; 4-dimensional superstrings; supersymmetrization of D=4 current algebra schemes; superstring phenomenology d Jordaan n algebras; superstring action curven i s d spacetime; beta function d strinan s g effect, act.; regularization schemes in string theories and sigma models; arithmetic strings; SO(4) extended superconformai field theory; superstrings from supermembranes; a harmonic approach to hyper-Kähler metrics d e stringGreen-Schwar4- th ; n i s z formalism; connections between WZW and free field theories; space dimensions from SUSY for N=2 spinning string; supergravity d superstringan s theory with time-like extra dimensions.

14 Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 5 5 Asia 16 12 28 Europe 36 144 180 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 2 2 Nort Centrad han ! America 3 17 20 South America 15 15 International Organizations 8 8 TOTAL 75 1 83 258

Title: CONFERENCE ON INDIRECT EVIDENCE OF NEW ENERGY SCALES FROM LOW ENERGY PRECISION EXPERIMENTS

Dates: 22 - 23 June 1987.

Organizers: Professors N. Paver (Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics, INFN, and University of Trieste, Italy) and C. Verzegnassi (INFN and University of Trieste, Italy).

Purpose exploro T : e ground problemd an s s common bot theoreticao ht experimentad an l l physicists.

Programme: Topics: Effect heava f o s y Higgs. New Neutral Gauge . B-B mixing. Neutrino masses. Supersymmetry. Composite models. Electroweak radiative corrections in high precision measurements: Monte Carlo generators and canonical cuts.

Lectures were give : supersymmetron n y signatures fro ° physicsmZ ; supersymmetry and rare B physics; Z' effects on Z° physics; new scales effects on fermionic static properties; search for compositeness at LEP 2; compositeness and z° physics; on the signature of compositenes n i radiativs e BHABHA events ;B mixingstatuB- f o s; heavy Higgn i s

nonsupersymmetri n supersymmetrii d an c c models physicw ; testne f o s from high precision ee+ " measurements; status of Monte Carlo techniques; experimental precision on ALR at the Z pol t LEPa e ; electroweak radiative correction n higi s h precision measurements: Monte Carlo generators and canonical cuts; neutrino masses; the solar puzzle and the VL-VR transition probability; radiative corrections in the neutrino counting experiment; search for gravitational waves.

Summarize e participatiod th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Asia 1 1 Europe 1 30 31 Nort Centrad han l America 3 3 International Organizations 2 2 TOTAL 2 35 37

15 Title: SUMMER WORKSHOP IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY

Dates Jun9 2 Augus7 : e- t 1987.

Including

Title: CONFERENCE ON PHENOMENOLOGY IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS

2 JulDates2 y- 19870 2 : .

and

Title: MEETING ON: "SEARCH FOR SCALAR PARTICLES: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS"

Jul4 Dates2 y- 19873 2 : .

Organizers: Professor . FurlaG s n (Universit f Triesto y d ICTPan e , Trieste, Italy). R , lengo (International School for Advanced Studies, ISAS-SISSA, and ICTP, Trieste, Italy), J.C. Pati (Universit f Marylando y , USA) . Sciam,D a (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, ISAS-SISSA, and ICTP, Trieste, Italy), Q. Shafi (University of Delaware, Newark, USA) and Dr. E. Sezgin (Turkey/ICTP, Trieste Italy).

Purpose: To be an informal environment for discussing topics of current interest in particle physics including superstrings, unified theorie cosmologyd an s .

Programme:

Lectures were give: on n

Workshop: string theory; global supersymmetry; an overview of unified theories; anomalie n strini s g theories; supergravity; cosmology; phenomenolog f superstrino y g theories; overvie f superstrinwo g theories; string field theory; some application a mode f o stopologyo t l ; introduction to orbifolds; open strings in background fields; new dynamics in Susy ; theories and possible superstring origin of ; string loop corrections to ß function; blown- up orbifolds; string loop calculations of 3 point amp. or orbifolds; fields and symmetries from Caiabi-Yau compactification; asymmetric orbifolds; introductio o t latticn e gauge theories; abstract formulation of string theory and conformai field theory; d = 4 strings from orbifolds; relation between space-tim d World-Sheean e t supersymmetry; string formulatio e 3-dith f mo n Ising model; applicatio f o latticn e gauge theories; parametrizing forms n overviea ; f o w supergravity theories from superstrings; cosmological and astrophysical constraints on neutrino masse d lifetimesan s ; topic n cosmologyi s ; geometr n looi y p spac d strinan e g field theory; introductio o t strinn g multiloops; covariant canonical quantizatio e Green-Schwarth f o n z superstring; four dimensional superstring theories; supersymmetry at non-zero temperature; the BRS quantization of chiral bosons; the cosmological constant problem; string loops; blown-up orbifolds; a new formulation of path integral method for chiral anomaly; quantum supermembrane; chirality preserving confinement in models of composite weak bosons and ; large scale distributio f o galaxiesn ; phenomenolog f o superstriny g theories; supersymmetry breakin d cosmologgan n superstrini y g theories.

Conference: status of decay searches; detection of supernova neutrinos; double beta deca d neutrinan y o masses; physic f neutrinoo s s from supernova SN1987a; implicatiof o n superlight ; implication f receno s t measurement f B°-Bo s ° mixing; phenomenologf o y CP violation; signalenergw lo f o sy supersymmetry; weakly coupled goldstone particles (, familons and all that) and their possible detection); high energy physics and cosmology; underground physics at Gran Sasso; the Tevatron, SSC and other colliders; summary and outlook on the interplay between theory and experiments in particle physics.

16 Meeting: the mass of the Higgs particle; the Higgs problem: theory and experiment; experimental researc n Higgo h s particl t intermediatea e energy; linear-collide r Higgfo r s search rangeV TE e ; th Higg n i s searc t LEPha ; informatio Higgn no s particle from computatioe th n no lattice; experimental problems on the Higgs particles detection at high energy pp and e+e~ machines; strong coupling for heavy Higgs particle; survey for Higgs particle with the American facilities TEVATROe th ; r HiggNfo s search.

Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 14 14 Asia 59 3 62 Europe 44 44 88 Nort Centrad han l America 3 31 34 South America 5 5 International Organizations 3 3 TOTAL 1 25 8 1 206

17 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

Title: RESEARC CONDENSEHN I D MATTER PHYSICS

Dates: Throughout the year

Organizers: Professor u (AcademiL u Y s a Smica, Beijmg R China P ,ICTP)d an , TosM , i (Universit f Triesto y d ICTPean ,E Tosatt Italyd an ) i (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, ISAS-SISSA, and ICTP, Trieste, Italy)

Purpose e researcTh : h programm s organizewa e carro t dt researc ou ye highes th t a h t possible level in condensed matter physics and to stimulate scientific interaction between physicists from the developing world and from industrialized countries

Programme:

Seminars were : helicosahedraon d l order crystals, quasicrystal r glasseso s , 9 magneto-optical material devicn i d theie an seus r applications, wha s interestini t g about band offsets?, calculations of the structures and band offsets for semiconductor interfaces, optical studie n III-i s V semiconductor heterostructures, Coulom disorderen o p bga d semiconductorse th , role of interatomic potentials in chemical processes occurring in solid and liquid phases, nuclear quadrupole interaction in dilute alloys of aluminium, frequency dependent local field correction extension of VS-theory for uniform electron gas, magneto- of superlattice and heterostructures; surface enhanced second harmonic generatio t nonlineaa n r crystal-metal interface, surface enhanced Raman scattering on Cu, Pt and Pd, bound in semiconductor ) siz (1 f shalloso e w bound excitons (BE ) phono(2 , n replica E radiativB f o s e recombinatio ) electron-hol(3 d an n e exchange interactio , X-raBE yn i n absorptio e regioth n i nn 200-200 , surfaceV 0 e meltin d premeltman g n experimentaa g l viewpoint, mtersubband transitio n superlattici n d quantuan e m well (spectral study), prediction f anisotropio s c normal state transpor n oxidi t e superconductors, experimental investigation f surfaco s e melting, phase diagram f liquido s , amorphou solid an sd silico y moleculanb r dynamics possibla , e explanatiof no the destruction of the antiferromagnetism in La2CuO4-based compounds, relaxation mechanisms for the decay of in CO2, ferromagnetic exchange coupling and relaxation through a tunneling barrier, light scattering by molten alkali halides theoretical and molecular dynamics study, liqui amorphouo dt s transitio purn i d ndope an e d silicon, variation Monte-Carlo studief o s the Hubbard model and possible applications to superconductivity, diagrammatic technique for Hubbard model and Anderson model, diagrammatic technique for mixed valence m BCS superconductor, soft spheres model for the glass transition in binary alloys, simple model of superconductivity and disorder near the metal insulator transition, bimodahty in a model for general atmosphere circulation, theory of band-offsets in semiconductor heterojunctions - some new results

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 13 13 Asia 38 1 39 Europe 13 20 33 North and Central America 3 6 9 South America 8 8 TOTAL 7 5 2 7 1 02

18 Title: THIRD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHO "TOTAN PO L ENERG FORCD YAN E METHODS"

Januar8 Dates2 - 6 y2 : 1987.

Organizers: Professor . BaldereschA s i (Universit f Triesteo y , Italyd EPFan , , Lausanne, Switzerland) r (InternationaCa . R , l Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy) and R. Resta (International School for Advanced Studies, ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy), with the co-sponsorship of the International School for Advanced Studies, the Department of Theoretical Physice Universitth f o s e f ItalianTriesteo th y d an ,Nationa l Research Council (Consiglio Nazional Ricerchee l l ede , CNR, Rome).

Purpose o providT : n overviea e f presenwo t method d futuran s e prospect fiele th d f o s creato t d foruea an r discussionmfo exchangd san f ideaeo s betwee practitionere nth fiele th d n i s of total energ forcd an ye methods.

Programme: Topics: Novel techniques for self-consistent ab-initio computations. Electronic correlation. Applications of molecular dynamics. Structural stability of clusters, surfaces, interfaces and bulk solids. Structural phase transitions. Ab-initio lattice dynamics and electron- interaction. Lattice relaxations.

Lectures were give : density-functionaon n e banlp probleth theor ga dd n an i my semiconductors; electron correlation and energies; image potential at metal surfaces; electronic structure of semiconductor surfaces: local and nonlocal density-functional theory; dynamical screenin r simplfo g e metals; self-consistent Green's function approaco t h linear response in solids; calculations on semiconductor interfaces and band-lineups; recent development n high-temperaturi s e superconductivity e unifieth ; d approac o densitt h y functional theory and molecular dynamics; ab-initio molecular dynamics studies of surfaces and grain boundaries; improved Car-Parrinello method for electronic structure calculations; computer simulation of melting and amorphization of silicon; the BBC to HCP transition: in Ba via pressure, in Zr via temperature; ab-initio of GeTe; dynamics of electron solvation in molten salts; quantum Monte Carlo methods; advance n totai s l energy methods; interatomic interactions and the defect problem; new-concerted-exchange mechanism for impurity diffusion in semiconductors; metastable impuritie semiconductorsn i s : Si:M Si:Bed gan ; surface properties of gold in the glue model; a full potential LAPW study of structural and electronic properties of berillium; electronic structure and total energies of polymeric sulphur; surface stress tensor in aluminium origie th ; f polytypeno SiCn i s .

Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 1 1 Asia 5 5 Europe 5 44 49 North and Central America 1 1 11 South America 3 3 TOTAL 1 4 5 5 6 9

19 Title: WINTER COLLEGE ON ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Dates: 9 March - 3 April 1987.

Organizers: Professors E. Arimondo (Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Italy), S.R. Svanberg (Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden), B.C. Tan (Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), and G. Denardo (Departmen f Theoreticao t l Physics, Universit f Triesteo y d ICTPan , , Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To review applied atomic and molecular spectroscopy for diagnostic and analytical work.

Programme: Topics: Atomic and molecular structure and spectra. Analytical laser spectroscopy. Combustion diagnostics. Diagnostic r semiconductofo s r fabrication processes. Isotopic selective processes and diagnostics. Atmospheric diagnostics. Hydrospheric diagnostics. Spectroscopic diagnostics. Surface diagnostics. Medical diagnostics using optical spectroscopy.

Lectures were given on: structure, spectra and fundamental interactions; analytical laser spectroscopy; advanced molecular spectroscopy; optogalvanic spectroscopy; chemical processing with lasers in semiconductors; basic spectroscopic instrumentation; hydrospheric diagnostics; atmospheric microwave spectroscopy; quantum defect theory: dynamic f exciteo s d and ; fundamental problems of physics: dimensionless constants, symmetry and dynamics; combustion diagnostics; foundations of quantum theory in the light of new experiments: microscopic quantum effects, interferometry; atmospheric diagnostics; plasma diagnostics; phototermal spectroscopy applie o agriculturet d ; laser n medicinei s ; laser induced chemistry; medical diagnostics; surface diagnostics.

Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 1 1 1 1 Asia 46 46 Europe 8 15 23 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 3 3 North and Central America 1 1 South America 8 8 TOTAL 77 1 5 9 2

Title: SCHOOL ON POLYMER PHYSICS

Dates: 27 April - 15 May 1987.

Organizers: Professor . MartuscellE s i (Polymer Institute, Consiglio Nazionale délie Ricerche, CNR, Naples, Italy), A.M. Hindeleh (Universit f Ammano y , . JordanCesarA d an o) (Universit f Triesteo y , Italy).

20 Purpose: To provide a coherent and comprehensive account of chemistry, physics and technology of polymeric materials.

Programme: Topics: Introduction to polymer synthesis and structure. Physical method f moleculao s r characterization. Solid state polymers. Mechanical properties. Rol f additiveeo polymersn o s . Technology and processing of polymers. Advanced polymeric materials.

Lectures were give : polymeon n r synthesis; method f moleculao s r characterization; conformation, configuration and molecular packing; advanced spectroscopic methods; structure d thermodynamian c propertie f elastomerso s ; morpholog d crystallizatioan y f polymerso n ; polymer morphology and structure; role of additives on polymers; mechanical properties; recent technolog f advanceo y d composites: problem promisesd an s ; Kevlar fibres. Laboratory sessions: polymer blends; case histories; conducting polymer; melt rheology; transport properties; liquid-crystal polymers.

Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 15 15 Asia 15 15 Europe 1 1 26 37 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 1 1 North and Central America 3 1 4 South America 6 6 TOTAL 5 1 27 7 8

Title: WORKSHO SURFACN PO E SCIENC CATALYSID EAN S

y 1987Ma Dates 8 . - 4 :

Organizers: Professors H.P. Bonzel (Institut für Grenzflachenforschung, KFA, Julien, Federal Republic of Germany), R. Rosei (Physics Department, University of Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To provide a broad and up-to-date introduction to the field of model catalytic reaction n welo s l characterize e mosth f t o moderde surfaceus e n o focuth t s wel a n s o a sl surface science experimental techniques.

Programme: Topics: Historical concepts in catalysis. Surface science and catalyst additives. Complicated catalytic reactions. Bridgin pressure gth e gap. experimentaw Ne l approaches.

Lectures were given on: introduction to surface science and catalysis; surface analytical techniques resonanc2 ; e feature electronie th n si c spectr f chemisorbeao ; FouriedCO r transform infra-red spectroscopy; time-resolved HREELS; NMR and laser experiments of supported catalysis; stud f submonolayeo y s adsorptioC r saturateH n o n i (111S d7 7x )-

21 surface; structure sensitivity in chemisorption and catalysis, electronic effect m catalysis, hydrogénatio d hydrogenolysisan n oxidatioO reductioO C N ; d y an metalsnb n 3 synthesisNH , , electronegative additives and poisoning, alkali metal additives; theory of additives, Fischer- Tropsch type synthesis

Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 6 6 Asia 29 29 Europe 6 20 26 Nort d Centrahan l America 1 3 4 South America 6 6 TOTAL 48 23 7 1

Title: WORKSHO NONLINEAN PO R CHARGE DENSITY WAVE SYSTEMS

Dates: 4 May - 17 July 1987

Organizers: Professors A R Bishop (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA), Yu Lu (Academia Sinica, Beijmg, P R. China and ICTP, Trieste, Italy) and E Tosatti (International School for Advanced Studies, ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy), with the co-sponsorship of the International School for Advanced Studies

Purpose: To review the state-of-the-art of this fast-moving field m order to promote the research and international collaboration m related areas

Programme: Topics e relatioTh f quantu:o n m relaxatio f nonlineao n r excitations to classical nonlinear dynamics The nature and description of metastable states in CDW and analogous systems, quantum and classical dynamics in the presence of such states The quantum molecular-dynamics study of time evolution for nonlinear excitations

Lectures were given on: nonlinear transport m field-induced spin-density wave states, the one-dimensional Hubbard model, strong-coupling superconductivity, charge-density wave transpor a magneti n i t c field, defect chargm s e density wave systems, nonlinear transport role of the CDW amplitude, , halogen-bridged metal chain complexes, model for tunneling in normal junctions of very small capacitance, glassy decay in a Josephson array model, dissipative quantum systems, the Frenkel-Kontorova model with nonconvex interaction between the atoms, nonanalytic effects in discrete Peierls systems, nonlinear dynamics of driven charge-density waves, numerical simulations of classical models for charge-density wave systems, lattice relaxation approach for electron-phonon systems, screening and damping of charge density wave motion, introductio e Bethth o t en Ansat e quantuth z m spin chain, Bardeen's quantum tunneling model for chaige-density wave systems, superconductivity from acoustic , sohîons in CDW systems from chains to crystals, midgap states in CDW and SOW systems, motion of a heavy particle interacting with a degenerate electron gas, renormalization group theor f spio y n glasses, Gutzwiller treatmen f mixeo t d e valencth d an e heavy- problem, tunneling time for wave packets narrow in k-space, quantum tunneling dissipation and fluctuations, instability of the ferromagnetic state in the Hubbard model, solution

22 e one-dimensionaoth f l Hubbard mode r arbitrarfo l y electron density; Coulomb interactionn i s CDW systems; dissipative classical and quantum dynamics - driven molecular vibrations; quantum chaos in spin systems; quantum chaos.

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 2 2 Asia 4 4 Europe 8 17 25 Nort Centrad han l America 9 9 South America 2 2 TOTAL 1 6 2 6 4 2

Title: SPRING COLLEGE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE ON "METALLIC MATERIALS"

Jun9 1 - e y Dates1987Ma 1 .1 :

Directors: Lung Chi Wei (Academia Sinica, Shenyang, P.R. China) and E.J. Savino (Comisiôn Naciona Energîe d l a Atômica, Buenos Aires, Argentina).

Organizing Committee: Professors N.H. March (Chairman, University of Oxford, UK), G. Chiarotti (II University, Rome, Italy), F. Garcia-Moliner (Institute de Ciencia de Materiales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain), F. Gautier (Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France), S. Lundqvist (Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden), H. Reik (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Federal Republi f Germany)o c , K.S. Singwi (Northwestern University, Evanston, USA) and M.P. Tosi (University of Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To discuss a wide range of topics within the general area of the basic physics underlyin stude gth f defecto y d microstructuran s n metalei d alloysan s .

Lectures were give : techniqueon n f electroo s n microscopy interatomic forcen i s transition metals; theor f defecto y d theian sr interactions; dislocations; electron microscope techniques; cohesion and stability in alloys; Auger microscopy and spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy; neutron and X-ray scattering frorn metallic alloys, EXAFS; physical understanding of fracture; annihilation; nondestructive testing; liquid metals and alloys; new materials n implantationio d an ; high temperature materials, including Ni-base superalloy d orderean s d intermetallic alloys; surface treatmen d coatingan t f o materialss ; surface segregation; dislocation dynamic d mechanicaan s l behaviou f structurao r l materials; radiation damage; computer simulation of defects and mechanical properties; theoretical modelling of defects and embrittlement; pulse and dynamic techniques for the measurement of thermal properties: theory d experimentaan l apparatus; real metallic surfaces; puls d dynamian e c techniquee th r fo s measurement of thermophysical properties: applications of scanning pyrometry; fractals and fracture; field ion microscopy of alloys; corrosion; friction and wear; fatigue; amorphous metals; surface modification of metals by ion implantation and/or thin coatings; ion-beam-mixing and ion-assisted deposition studies in several systems.

23 Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 16 16 Asia 57 57 Europe 11 25 36 Indonesia and Oceania 1 1 Nort Centrad an h l America 4 4 8 South America 11 1 1 TOTAL 1 00 29 1 29

Title: RESEARCH WORKSHO CONDENSEPN I D MATTER, ATOMI MOLECULAD CAN R PHYSICS

Dates: 22 June - 4 September 1987.

Organizing Committee: Professors N.H. March (Chairman, University of Oxford, UK), F. Garcia-Moliner (Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain), S. Lundqvist (Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden), Lung Chi Wei (Academia Sinica, Shenyang, P.R. China), K.S. Singwi (Northwestern University, Evanston, USA), E. Tosatti (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, ISAS-SISSA d ICTPan , , Trieste, Italy), M.P. Tost (Universit f Triesteo y (Academiu L u ,Y Italyd aan ) Sinica, Beijing, P.R. China d ICTPan , , Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To support condensed matter research in developing countries by inviting a selected grou f physicisto p s from these countrie a three-mont r fo s h programme under which they can interact with a large number of leading physicists from all over the world.

Programme: Topics: Phase transitions. Low-dimensional solids. Surfaces and interfaces. Heavy and mixed valence materials. Defect mechanicad an s l properties. Nonlinear physical systems.

Lectures were given on: stress induced anisotropic diffusion and its relevance to deformation under irradiation; electron-correlatio n unifori n m electron gas; Landau e theorth f o y wetting transition; neutral-ionic transition in organic stack compounds; localization; 1/f noise and critically unstable dynamics; theory of liquid to crystal transition; localization and superconductivity; propertie f quantuo s m wells; superconductivity from nonphonon mechanisms; cluster calculations: from atom o solidst s ; image potential state n metao s l surfaces; singld an e multiple interfaces; quasicrystals; tunneling conductivity in 1-D Anderson disordered systems; hydroge n siliconi n : experimental investigations; lattice theor f surfaco y e melting; local field effects and excitations in periodic solids; electronic properties of incommensurate one- dimensional systems; scaling propertie f incommensurato s d quasicrystaan e l models; collective and singl e- particl e propertie modea f so l Fermi liqui d- 3 He; nonlocal electrostatic condensen i s d matter physics, physical chemistr d biologyan y ; nonlinear respons f atomo ed solidsan s ; momentum and pseudo-momentum of light and sound; an information-theoretic approach to the stud f disordereo y d conductors; quantum crystals; theor f o acousticay l activit n i ioniy c crystals approacw ne a ;r transitiofo h o superconductivityt n ; dielectric respons f smalo e l metal particles; topological phase transition n metalse i theors th f n ordereo yo ; d disorderean d d fast ion conductors; introduction to heavy fermions; existence of reentrant transitions in random- site systems; nonequilibrium statistical theory of fracture; neural networks: the Hopfield model; theory of simple and multiple interfaces; superconductivity at high temperatures; texturing of

24 polycrystalline surfaces under ion bombardment; effect of homogeneization of trapping centres in metalli ce positro glasth n o s n annihilation parameters; flux penetratio superconductorsn i n R EP ;

n certaii line-widt g T nT spit ha n glasses; NMR/X-ray diffraction studies; intermediate valence

in transition metal oxide n examplea - s : Lai_xSrx...O3; deep level n semiconductori s n a - s overview; insulator-to-metal transitio n i polyacetylenen ; spin-glass orde n i randor m ferroelectrics y angulay- ; r correlatio ionin no c compounds; energy spectr f shalloao w donord an s

acceptors in GaAs-GaA1As quantum wells; mixed valent Hgi_x Fex Se; photoreflection of NiPi and compositional superlattices; effect of compressive uniaxial stress on the binding energies of D centres in Si:P and Si:As; Julia and Mandelbrot sets; atom scattering from surfaces; retardation effects: localized excitations of a soliton in polyacetylene; fractal dimension of the Julia sets as an order parameter; variationa l e one-dimensionaresultth o fr s l Hubbard model; electrical conductivit f ZnS:o y X luminescent compounds; improve adhesio f sputtereno coatinC dTi steeo gt l substrate; spin models and localized bosons; interband susceptibility in heavy electron systems; Gaussian approximation for partition function in disordered systems; optical absorption coefficient of quantum well wires; diagonal and off-diagonal disorder in impurity band of quantum well; texturin f o polycrystalling e surfaces unde n bombardmentio r ; wave function i n incommensurate and disordered systems; electrical properties of semiconductor quantum wells; atom scattering from disordered surfaces; hopping transpor d thre n onei an t eo ,dimensionstw ; scaling relations in density-of-states in disordered one-dimensional systems; microclusters; electric field at surfaces; continued fraction method in relaxation phenomena: two exactly solvable models; electronic statd collectivan e e excitation e quasi-1th r fo s D semiconductor quantum wires; order-disorder at alloy surfaces; some applications of fast-ion conductors; a tentative mechanis f superconductivitmo dimensionaw lo n i y l system; A-B-C sandwiched an s quantum wells; Grüneisen coefficient of lanthanides; GME and CTRW treatment of the

transport; some aspect n high-To s c superconductivity; magnetoresistance oscillationn i s 1 + mesoscopic systems; recursion methods; analytical study of the perturbation of A SU state in

2 moleculeNa ; multiphoton processe n solidsi s ; heterojunction ban de interfac th offset d an se dielectric functions; charge d compoundan d clusters; localizatio disordereD 1- n i n d systems with electric field: analytic approach; mathematical problem n polaroi s n theory; theor f polarono y n i s GaAs in magnetic field; defect complexes in metals; kinetics of many-particles systems interacting with fields; surface flux pinning e criticaeffectth n o sl a stattype-l f o e l superconducting slab; the surface and image virtual states in the presence of negative external electric field - Ni(110); disordered, incommensurate and quasi-periodic 1-D systems; pseudo

binary compounds (AsSex)y(AsTex)i_y; the effective-range approximation for localized states - effects of corrections; quantum inverse scattering method and algebraic Bethe Ansatz; crystal growth of II-VI compounds; a fatigue crack propagation and its mechanism of a low-carbon steel; interna e stresth l o frictiost fiele f defectdu no d s during matensitic transformatio n Fe-Mn-i n C alloys; a thermotropic liquid crystal (nematic) of non-migrating asymmetrical molecules; the atomic tunneling state glassesn i s ; theor f pressuro y j isoelectronieNN behavioud an N cf o rtrap s

in GaP clustee th ; r stud f Cu-yo O interactio YBan ni CuO superconductor; higher order Gor'kov 3 7 equation: effects of electron concentration2 ; superconductivity and disorder in a very simplified model; on superconductivity of heavy fermion systems; computer simulation of defects in metals - compute I r simulation method; distributio f resistanco n a disordere f o e d mediue th n mi presence of an electric field; the deep levels of Cu in Si and their ionized Gibbs free energies; on superconductivity of heavy fermion systems; electric properties of electrode-electrolyte interfaces computer simulatio f defecto n n metali s - interatomi I I s c potentials generalld an y

some examples; Coulomb gap and variable range hopping; enhancement of Tc in layered compounds; simple model of a fluid mixture with phase transitions; SOW and CDW in heavy fermion systems; Green function for the phonon system in N-layered superlattices; self diffusion and shear viscosity in less simple liquid metals; coexistence of superconductivity and SOW in Cr compounds; distribution of resistance of a disordered medium in presence of an electric fluid; some aspect f secondarso emissionn io y monitore y SIMdb S technique; datatio f archaeologicano l and geological materials by TL and EPR; time integration in particle models; central-limit theorems and universality in disordered conductors; the semi-infinite random field Ising model; electronic collective excitations in semiconductor superlattices; the wave functions and hyperfine interaction tensor f distorteo s d single vacancie siliconn i s ; mechanical Aharonov-Bohm effect; optical transmissio f crystalo n s with incommensurate modulation along one-direction;

RVB theory and high-Tc superconductivity; some optical studies on surface and thin-fields; on the

25 band offse n PbTe-PbEuSeTi t e quantum wells; therma d mechanicaan l l propertie f metalglaso s s TiBe4oZr-|o; tunnel-hopping in disordered systems; experimental research on acoustic

propertie50 s of high-T superconductor and superlattice; some semiconductor-like properties of c high-Tc superconducting materials; local field distribution in Random dielectric media; anomalous bondin therman gi l growin ; Wilson' Si f SiO go d approacG an 2 sR singlo ht e impurit systemV M n i y ; SAW velocity chang microstructurd an e e phase transitio f solidsno .

Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 34 34 Asia 71 71 Europe 51 32 83 North and Central America 8 5 13 South America 26 26 TOTAL 1 90 3 7 227

Title: WORKING PHYSIC E PARTTH N POROUYF O S O S MEDIA

Dates: 17-28 August 1987.

Organizers: Professors D.G. Stroud (Ohio State University, Columbus . F USA d )an Brauers (University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica).

Purpose stimulato T : e awarenes researcw ne aren a f d greaao n i h an s t interdisciplinary import throug overvien ha groua y f wb leadinpo g experts from differen tn interactio i field d an s n witparticipante hth Researce th n si h Worksho Condensen pi d Matter

Programme: Topics: Experimental probes of the structure of porous media. electromagnetic and optical properties of porous media. Elastic wave poroun i s s media. Fluid flofluid wan d instabilitie poroun i s s media. Fractal aspect e structurth f o d spropertie an e f porouo s s media. Percolation phenomena in porous media. Microemulsion n i relatioe spropertie th o t n f porouo s s media. Theorie growte th structurd f o shan f poroueo s media. Localization of classical waves and its relation to wave propagatio poroun ni s media. D.C. transport and superconductivity in porous and granular materials. Phase transition wettind san poroun gi s media.

Lectures were give : percolationon n theor poroud an y s media; porous medi rocd an ak physics; NMR in porous ,media; D.C. transport and superconductivity in granular materials; theorie f D.Co s . transpor n poroui t s media; experiment d theoriean s f transporo s n fluii t d saturated rock; models for A.C. transport in porous media; models for the structure of porous media: general principles, sedimentary rocks; what happens whe a fractan l lattice becomes Euclidean? a por n i e e n energetic(structurath io ; n a f o sl effects d selectivitan ) n inversi y e osmosis; flo f particlewo s throug singla h e fluid-filled pore; acousti d mechanicaan c l behaviour during rock failure; interpretation of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments;

26 microstructure f compleo s x porous materials, cement f clayso s , from SANS; anomalous diffusio poroun i n - fiel R sd medigradienNM a avi t spectroscopy; viscous fingerin percolation go n clusters; fractal aspects of the dielectric properties of porous media; inversion of ultrasonic velocity measurement o obtait s n microcrack orientation distribution function n rocksi s ; elastic propertie f compositso poroud ean s media; acoustic wave poroun i s s media; elasti dielectrid can c damage in finely divided material; localization of classical waves; experiments on weak localization of ; D.C. conductivity and permeability of a porous medium; fluid flow in porous media; experimental studie f fluido s n poroui s s media; experiment viscoun o s s fingering n poroui s media; diffusion limited aggregation; neutron diffraction studie f porouo s s media; microemulsions; phase separation in liquids bound in porous media; flow in porous media; interface motion of liquids bound in porous media; nonhydrodynamic aspects of particle transport through pores; effective permeability of a porous medium; particle size effect on the conductivity of dispersed ionic conductors; multipole effects in the optical properties of small particle clusters; wave propagatio randon ni m elastic media.

Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 3 3 Asia 9 2 11 Europe 7 22 29 North and Central America 1 12 13 South America 1 1 TOTAL 2 1 36 57

27 MATHEMATICS

Title: MATHEMATICS RESEARCH

Dates: Throughou yeare th t .

Organizers: Professor . EellJ s s (Universit f d WarwickICTPo y an , , TriesteUK , , Italy) . VerjovskA d an y (Centr e Investigaciôd o e Estudiod y n s Avanzado l Institutde s o Politécnico Nacional, Mexico Cityd ICTPan , , Trieste, Italy).

Purpose givo T : e continuit mathematice th o t y mathematica sp u programme t se o t s d an s research group in order to provide Associate Members and visitors from Federated Institutes with the possibility of contact with high-level mathematicians throughout the year.

Programme:

Seminars were : hele classicatopicth on d n i s l theor f minimao y l surface n 1Ri s ; 3 Bezier methods in computer-aided geometric design; algebraic curves course; new applications e Hopoth f f technique r immersefo s d surfaces; nonlinear vibratio beama f no ; structure tensof o r a field of geometric objects; prescribed scalar curvature Riemannian metrics within a conformai class: compact surfaces case and Yamabe problem, compact n-manifolds case (n>3) (open problems); wave propagation in a slowly varying medium; introduction to C*-aigebras; Poincaré inequalities and elliptic-parabolic equations; surfaces with prescribed Gaussian curvature; characterization proble r Moishezomfo n spaces; Grauert-Riemenschneider's conjecturn o e Moishezon space Siu'd san s solution; convolution operator nilpotenn o s groupse Li t e prooa ;th f o f surjectivit n algebra f f o f o symboo operatory a p ma l s generate y pseudo-differentiab d l operators; defining manifolds; natural bundles; geometry of 1-convex spaces and its relation to Moishezon spaces; geometr f (p.q)-conveo y x -concave space d holomorphian s c convexity; structure tensor of a field of geometric objects; radiative heat transfer to chemically reacting flow between concentric rotating spheres; some points of extrinsic geometry; geometry of the Gauss section; the life span of the solutions for nonlinear wave equations; a Teichmüller theory e solutionfoth r f polynomiao s l vector fieldn i se entrop ;th a dynamica f o y l system; Atl Colombeau's generalized functions and the solution of the problem of multiplication of distributions; persistent cycle r perturbationfo s f holomorphio s c flows havin a firsg t integrala ; mathematical mode r gasdynamicfo l s lasers geometra ; f doublo y e coset d orbitan sf groups o s ; fluid transpor e lymphatith n i t c circulatio a mathematica - n l mode r pulmonarfo l y circulation; solutions of asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems via Morse theory; introduction to nonstandard analysis; regularity of solutions for nonlinear degenerate elliptic boundary value problems; directionally critical value f nonsmooto s h functionals; Levi curvature; complex methods in boundary value problems for partial differential equations; products in the Sobolev

spaces H p and the Besop B piq and regularity for semi-linear equations; an index for singularities s s of holomorphic vector fields; strict topologies for continuous vector-valued functions; group theory: historical introduction, axiomatic, the early years, group theory in the years 1900- 1940 and group theory after 1940; a remark by Glauberman; the results of Herman and Yoccoz on diffeomorphisms of the circle; propagation of gravitational electromagnetic and neutrino wave a relativisti n i s c atmosphere n acyclia ; c extensio e braith f do n group; finite soluble groups: general classification, finiteness conditions, linear soluble groups and polycyclic groups; quantum mechanic n nonstandari s d Hubert space; ordere e associated th ringd an s d skew fields; Artin's conjectur n zeroo e f formso s ; optical variable metric method r unconstrainefo s d optimization Fox-Jacobiae th ; cohomologe th d an n f certaio y n polycyclic groups n innea ; r product for a Banach* algebra; analytically solvable models of surface interactions in ; uniformization; nonlinear in soliton and chaos; the exact solution of the linear parabolic system; futur t i interestin es i tubey r mathematicians?wh fo :g ; twistord an s gauge fields; quasi-adequate semigroups; reduction of codimension of submanifolds of space- forms; harmonic maps between spheres; distributio f temperaturo n n radioactivi e e medium; asymptotic cycles and existence of cross-section for dynamical systems; the Bäcklund

28 transformatio f Darbouo n x type; complementarity problem d variationaan s l inequalitie n Banaci s h space; further result n nonresonano s t oscillation r somfo s e third order differential equations; weak harmonic maps into spheres; Cauchy-Riemann space n generai s l relativity theory; lifts from a manifold M to its bundles TM and T*M; the convergence for the series of the tail f largo probabilitw e la numbers e th n i y ; reviepapere th f wo s Non-Archimedean strings y P.G.Ob . Freund and M.J. Olson and Adelic string amplitudes by P.G.O. Freund and E. Willen; representation f compaco s t group d Borel-Weil-Botan s t theorem.

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 13 13 Asia 13 1 14 Europe 4 8 12 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 1 1 North and Central America 2 1 3 South America 4 4 TOTAL 3 6 1 1 4 7

Title: SEMINAIR ESPACES LE R ESSU FIBRES: LEUR UTILISATIO PHYSIQUN NE E

Datesy 1987 Ma 7 Apri2 1 :. - l

Organizers: Dr. J.-P. Ezin (Université Nationale du Bénin, Cotonou, Bénin, and ICTP, Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To give the participants an introduction to the differential and spinorial aspects of fibre bundle physicsn i theid e san us r .

Programme: Topics géométria L : e dfférentiell t spinorielle s espaceede s fibres, e aveprésentatioun c s connexionde n s naturelles spinorielles s opérateurde , e Laplace-Beltramd s e d t e i Dirac. L'utilisation des espaces fibres en physique théorique, relativité générale, théories de jauge et systèmes hamiltoniens.

Lectures were give : représentatioon n s groupee compactsde nLi e d s ; connexiont e s courbure s espacele r ssu s fibres; fibre bundle spinorsd san ; fibratio géométrie Hope l nd t e f s ede monopoles; Yang-Mills foliations; locally free e actioncompleth f o s x affine groupe th ; geometrical significanc f anomalieso e ; opérateurs différentiels naturels a l recherch; n e e mathématiques n Afriquee ; systèmes hamiltoniens e groupl ; e Heisenberd e t généralisatione g ; équations d'Einstein; pseudo-differential operators over C*-vector bundles; twistor lifts, harmonie map d Codazzan s i surfaces; formulation géométriqu s théorieede jaugea d s ; Einstein's equations and harmonie maps.

29 Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 6 6 Europe 1 2 3 TOTAL 7 2 9

Title: COLLEG RIEMANN EO N SURFACES

Dates: 9 November - 18 December 1987.

Organizers: Professor . CornalbM s a (Universit i d Paviaà , Italy) . Gomez-MonX , t (Universidad Nacional Autönoma de Mexico, Mexico City) and J. Harris (Harvard University, USA).

Purpose: To introduce participants to the theory of Riemann surfaces and algebraic curves o survet , y current related knowledg o drat d w an eattentio o researct n h problemd an s applications.

Programme: Topics: Basic theory of algebraic curves and Riemann surfaces. Special divisors and curves in projective space. Moduli of curves and Teichmüller theory. Relation o theoreticat s l physics.

Lectures were give : Riemanon n n surface d discretan s e groups; cohomologd an y meromorphic functions; analytic aspects of Teichmüller theory; the theorems of Riemann-Roch d Abelan ; graph curve d surfaces3 curveK an s n o s ; stable curves; uniformizatio f leaveo n f o s holomorphic foliations; Riemann matrices; theta function f reao s l variables; theta vanishinn i g Jacobians; the singular locus of M^ the moduli space of stable curves: construction and divisor theory; ergodic measure e modulath n i s r e Riemanorbifolth d an dn hypothesis; gauge theorn o y Riemann surfaces; theta functions; field theory and hyperelliptic curves; Thurston's approach to Teichmüller space; cut-paste and light-cone Riemann surfaces; automorphisms of compact complex surfaces e Fenchel-Nielsen-Weil-Petersoth ; n geometry; computations with divisorn i s moduli space; limit linear series; confocalit f rationao y l curve d scrollsan s n elementara ; y description of "g, the divisors at <=° and H^("g); introduction to string theory and its connection with Riemann surfaces; relating the two points of view, hyperbolic and analytic geometry; endomorphisms of vector bundles over a Riemann surface; construction of self-dual fields on surfaces; families of space curves; Abelian integrals; uniformization and algebraic correspondences; families of Riemann surfaces and n

des courbes gauches; fixed flags under a unipotent element; linearizing flows on Prym-Tjurin varieties searce ; th Halphen' r nicd hfo an e componentp 3 ; sga algebrai@ b d arithmetiHu f an cso c geometr n strini y g theory n interestina ; familw ne gf curves o y ; Prym varietie d intersectioan s n of quadrics; vector bundle techniques for curves and surfaces; non-reduced components of Hub d rationa@an 3 l point f generio s c curves; operator formalis r strinmfo g theory e Schottkth ; y problem; calculu f conditiono s n algebraii s c geometry; deforming holomorphic flows; projective

30 properties of curves and moduli; the number of moduli of certain families of space curves; symmetric Riemann surfaces.

Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 16 16 Asia 19 1 20 Europe 19 36 55 North and Central America 12 13 25 South America 15 15 International Organizations 1 1 TOTAL 8 1 5 1 1 32

31 PHYSIC ENERGD SAN Y

Title: THIRD WORKSHO PERSPECTIVEN PO NUCLEAN SI R PHYSIC INTERMEDIATT SA E ENERGIES

Dates: 18-22 May 1987

Organizers: Professors S Boffi (University of Pavia, Italy), C. Ciofi degli Atti (Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics, INFN, Rome, Italy) and M M Giannmi (Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics, INFN, Genoa, Italy)

Purpose o revieT : w recent advance d exploran s e future e trendinvestigatioth n i s f o n nucléon and nuclear structure by electromagnetic and hadromc probes at intermediate energies

Programme:

Lectures were give : electromagnetion n c interactions with nuclei, electroweak interactions with nuclei, hadromc interactions with nuclei, mesomc exchange currents and the swellin f nucléoo g n nucleii n absorptioK - , y nucléob n n clusters, exchange currentd an s relativistic approaches, meson exchange currents, pionic delta-excitatio f nucleio n , relativistic effect n protoi s n nucleus scattering, nucléon resonance nuclem s i (experimenta d theoretical)an l , nucléon structure, recen strang1 t - searche = eS dibaryonsr fo s , effective degreef o s freedo mn nucleii , strang d nonstrangan e e excitation e nucleath n i s r quark moda t intermediata l e energies, looking for signatures of quark substructure in light nuclei, the deuteron and the 6- quark state, source driven final state interactions, Dirac phenomenology m (e,e'p) reactions, investigation f electroweao s k transitions amplitudes between 3- systems largw e ho ,ar e the occupation probabilities, Coulomb distortion of in (e.l'p) scattering, nonlocalities e opticath d l an Nodel, realistic many-body calculation f electroo s n scattering observables, correlated nucléon m nuclei beyond the mean field approximation, structure functions and correlation n nucleii s , proton momentum distribution d correlationan s n lighi s t nuclei e nucleath , r surface in the charge response of light nuclei nucléon momentum distributions from inclusive and exclusive processes, correlations in nuclei 1, possible (e,e'2N) studies at CEBAF, a high energy deutero d scatteringne n polanmetei e us , r quasi-elastifo r c electron scatterin n few-bodi g y nuclei e (e,e'pth , ) coincidence progra t Batema d CEBAFan s , transvers d longitudinaan e l response r (e.e'pfo s ) electron scatterin d nucleaan g r medium effect bounn o s d nucléons, scaling phenomena in nuclei, (e.e'gamma) a new probe for nuclear structure studies, deuteron two-body photodismtegration at intermediate energies, experimental investigations of photorections at 16e Bonn O(gammath datw n ne ao , N reaction 15 ) p e ,photodismtegratio th , a neutron m i L -f o n proton pair and an alpha particle, Compton scattering by complex nuclei for energies below pion threshold, perspectives in photonuciear physics with a 4 PI detector, investigation of multi- hadron reaction t a CEBAFs , relativistic effect n i proton-nucleus s scattering, meson photoproduction, the EMC effect

Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 3 3 Asia 8 1 9 Europe 10 75 85 Nort d Centraan h l America 17 17 South America 1 1 TOTAL 2 2 9 3 1 1 5

32 Title: SPRING COLLEG PLASMN EO A PHYSICS

Jun9 1 - e y Dates1987Ma 5 .2 :

Including

Title: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENC COMETARN EO Y PLASMA PHYSICS

Dates: 9-11 June 1987.

Organizers: Professors B. Buti (Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India), W. Grossman (New York University, USA) and M. Hassan (Third World Academy of Sciences and ICTP, Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To review recent advances in plasma physics research and its applications to laser-plasma interactions, fusion plasmas and space plasmas.

Programme:

Lectures were given on: (Workshop on laser-plasma interactions, 25 - 29 May): a review of plasma accelerators; progres e beath tn o waves , wake field, plasma lend plasman s a wiggler concept t UCLAa s ; generation of EM radiation from beat waves; theoretical and experimental studies of beat wave accelerator at Naples University; ICF overview and introductory remarks; laser plasma interactions; Raman scatterin d harmonian g c generation; laser plasma interaction; plasma simulation; linear and nonlinear magnetic electron modes in nonuniform plasmas; nonlinear plasma interaction with lasers; hot electron driven microexplosions; transport; ablation processes in laser irradiated solid planar targets; hydrodynamics of laser target compression; filamentation of strong laser beam in plasmas; generation of magnetic field due to Pondermotive force; fast particle kinetics of laser plasma interactions; recent work on laser matter interactio t Garchingna ; recent hydrodynamics experimen t BARCa t . (Symposium smallon scale laboratory - plasma physics experiments, 1 June): investigations of CO discharge; measurement of plasma potential in hydrogen arc discharge of

duoplasmatron plasm2 a source; a DC magnetron plasma sputtering experiment; snowplow operation of a plasma focus; the BATAN PFFF; intensity of focus action in various gases; design of a dense plasma focus facility; preliminary report on the FN dense plasma focus; a TEA nitrogen lase r opticafo r l diagnostic e plasmth f o sa focus; plasma sheath dynamic n plasmi s a focus devic - eexperimen d theoryan t ; optic plasma diagnostic techniqu ecosw applielo t a o dt explodin - gwir e experiment; experimental investigatio f electroo n n beam formatio n highi n - voltage low-pressure linear discharges; the design, construction and performance studies of a linea - pinc Z r rcurrent-steppin hfo g experiments; experimental studie smala n o sl micro-pinch; temperature profile in thetatron using spectroscopic probe; experiment measurements of electron anomalous heat conductivit n CT-6o y B Tokamak; e effectimposeth f o s d pressure differential conditions on duoplasmatron performance; low frequency instabilities in a beam- plasma system; microwave plasma heatin y cavitb g y mode t electroa s n cyclotro d lowean n r hybrid frequencies; the influence of laser frequency bandwidth on the time and space resolves

structures of the 20W harmonic generation. (Space Physics, 8 June): - e interactio 2 th f cometo n s wite solath h r wind solaan d r radiation; solar magnetohydrodynamics; simulatio f heatinno d transporan g n drivei t n systems; role of wave-particle interaction in space plasmas; the interaction of comets with the solar wind d solaan r radiation; stochasti d nonstochastian c c transpor n spaci t e plasmas; magnetic field reconnection; collective instabilitie n i cometars y environment; simulatio f heatino n d an g transpor n drivei t n systems. (International Conference cometaryn o plasma physics, 9-11 June): plasma physics phenomena detected at Comet Giacobini-Zinner; an overview of Giotto observations; study of cometary plasma processe y meanb s f bariuo s m plasma clouds injected intsolae oth r winde th ;

33 global morphology of the comet - solar wind interaction; kinetic processes associated with solar wind mass loading and their role on the nature of cometary shocks; ionization processes in the cometary coma after Giotto and Vega missions; anomalous acceleration of cometary ions; observations of the interaction between the solar wind and Comet Halley; upstream region acceleration of implanted cometary ions; generation of low frequency plasma turbulence by cometary ions; a nonlinear stability analysis of the cometary ionopause - observations of finite amplitude wavee ionopausth t a s f Comeo e t Halley; laboratory simulation experiment f solao s r wind interaction with comets; particle acceleratio y nonlineab n D turbulenceMH r ; revief o w plasma observations by Vega 1 and 2 in the environment of Comet Halley; plasma transition layer n i Halley's s Comet; cometar w shockbo y - smyt . reality vs hD simulatio MH n ; io f o n cyclotron and acoustic fluctuations in the vicinity of a comet; solar wind flow around a cometary tail; low-frequency plasma waves associated with boundaries encountered near Comet Halley. (Symposium on small scale laboratory plasma experiments, 12 June): reversed field pinch; compact toroid experimen t UNICAMPa t ; lower hybrid current drive experimen n lineai t r LISA machine; densit temperaturd an y e measurement TokamakR TB n i s ; stud f inhomogeneouo y s structure n lasei s r produced plasmas; motio f chargeo n d particle a har n i ds core theta pinch; measuremen c densitar d electrof o an ty n temperatur e hydrogeth n i ec discharg ar no du f o e

plasmatron plasma source; reaction rates in CO2 discharge; high current ion source for basic plasma studies; developmen a simpl f o plasmatroC t D e r plasmfo n c metallurgyar a a plasm; a source for neutron, soft X-ray and REB studies; numerical optimization of the dense plasma focus; limits of deuterium pressure range with neutron production in plasma focus devices; neutron yield scaling laws for plasma focus devices. (Workshop): applications of Z-pinches; plasma instabilities of Z-pinches an their stabilizatio y axiab n l magnetic field; modellin f Z-pincgo h with entrained magnetic fiel fusioo dt n conditions; overvieC physic FR d experiments f an wo s T programme JE n overviea ;e th f o w; Tokamak stability; Tokamak heatin y ECRHb g ; anomalous transport model r Tokamaksfo s ; dynamics of non-Maxwellian plasmas - theory and applications to experiments; Tokamak heating by ICRH; neo-classical MHD; high field Tokamaks; ICRH theory idean no ; l MHD; Vlasov theord an y simulations; resistive MHD; particle simulation of FRC physics.

Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 20 20 Asia 43 43 Europe 16 32 48 Indonesia and Oceania 3 1 4 Nort Centrad han l America 3 21 24 South America 14 14 TOTAL 9 9 5 4 1 53

Title: WORKSHOP ON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND THE PHYSICS OF NONCONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

Dates: 26 August - 18 September 1987.

Organizers: Professors G. Furlan (University of Trieste and ICTP, Italy), D. Nobili (LAMEL, Bologna, Italy), A.A.M. Sayigh (Energy Resources Department, OAPEC, Kuwait B.Od an ) . Seraphin (Universit f Arizonao y , USA), wite co-sponsorshith h e Dipartimentth f o pa l r pe o

34 Cooperazione allô Sviluppo (Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy) and Italian National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale délie Ricerche, CNR), Italy.

Purpose: To discuss specific research projects and realizations.

Programme: Topics: Solar energy conversion. Storage.

Lectures were given on: materials for solar energy conversion; characterization of solar cells; recent progres crystallinn i s e silicon solar cells; power conditioning aspect f smalo s l photovoltaic systems; recent development n i storages ; technical-economical aspectf o s geothermal energy; silicon fabrication; recent development n i amorphous s silicon cells; fundamentals and properties of coatings for solar energy conversion; Stirling engine technology; compound semiconductor r photovoltaicssfo ; wind energy; nonconventional energ n Indiai y ; GaAs cells; power conditionin d storagan g r photovoltaifo e c installations; impuritie d defectan s n i s amorphous silicon; the activity of the UNAM; overview of Italian research in the field of materials for solar energy conversion; recent advances of solar materials research in the People's Republic of China; recent advances in a-Si solar cells and their industrialization; material researc n a-So h i based alloys: application o low-cost s t efficient solar cells; recent results on photovoltaic materials; solar energy in Australia; modelling of solar systems; physics and key technologies for improving the conversion efficiency in a-Si solar cells; fundamental physics of amorphous semiconductors; feasibility, structure and optoelectronic properties of amorphous carbon-tin semiconducting alloys; European policy in photovoltaic conversion; high temperature superconductors; nonconventional electrochemical energy sources; the LAMEL activities.

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 53 53 Asia 53 1 54 Europe 31 24 55 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 1 1 2 North and Central America 6 G 12 South America 9 g TOTAL 1 53 3 2 1 85

Title: WORKSHO ECONOMICSN PO , MODELLING, PLANNIN MANAGEMEND GAN ENERGF TO Y

Dates: 14-25 September ig87.

Organizers: Dr. A.M. Khan (Applied Systems Analysis Group, P.A.E.G., Islamabad, Pakistan) and Dr. H. Rogner (I.I.A.S.A., Laxenburg, Austria), with the co-sponsorship of the Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy) and Kuwait Foundatio Advancemene th r nfo f Scienceo t .

Purpose: To provide participants with an overview of global and regional issues and familiarize them with analytical tools and modelling techniques appropriate for the analysis and planning of national energy systems.

35 Programme: Topics: Energy-economy interaction. Modellin r energgfo y deman supplyd dan . Tecno-economic evaluation supply alternatives. Energy demand management.

Lectures were give : introductioon n o energt n y system modelling; engineering economics; energy system in transition; case study of engineering economics; energy balance tables and flow diagrams; technoeconomic aspects of nonrenewable energy sources; technoeconomic aspect f renewableso s ; case stud n energo y y balance tables; econometric methods; linear program; input/output analysis; technology substitution; energy demand modelling; case study on energy demand projection by econometric methods; energy supply demand balancing; electric sector expansion planning; case study on linear programming; assessment of environmental risks of energy systems; energy investment planning; market penetration, modellin d applicatioan g o energt n y systems; energy suppl d demanan y d management; energy-economy interaction; case study on energy pricing and its impact; simulation of technoeconomic performance parameters of energy technologies - a computer demonstration; power system model WASP-111 - methodology; a case study of power generation expansion planning based on WASP-111; energy economy interaction - a computer demonstration.

Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 25 25 Asia 23 23 Europe 7 15 22 North and Central America 2 1 3 South America 6 6 International Organizations 1 1 TOTAL 63 1 7 8 0

Title: WORKSHO INTERACTION O P N BETWEEN PHYSIC ARCHITECTURD AN S N I E ENVIRONMENT CONSCIOUS DESIGN

Septembe5 Dates2 - 1 2 : r 1987.

Organizers: Professors P.M. Butera (University of Palermo, Italy), O. Corbella (Universit f Porto y o Alegre ,. VannaS Brazil d an )s (Architectural Association, London, UK), with the co-sponsorship of the Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy) and the Bioclimatic Architectural Group of the International Solar Energy Society, Italian section.

Purpose: To join physicists, engineers, computer analysts and architects for a multidisciplinary critical analysis of the topics mentioned below.

Programme: Topics: The impact on the architectural design process of the tools developed for the management of energy and environmental issues: their structure and characteristics. technologieimpacw e ne Th f o t materialsd san . Architects' needs and expectations and research areas to be developed.

36 Lectures were given on: environment conscious design in traditional architecture; the application of research results to architectural practice; architecture and building science for energy saving; operational aspects of using meteorology for energy purposes; the use of high resolution satellite imag r lanfo e d plannin d urbagan n development management; climatic data availabilit d modellingan y ; building energy simulation; computer design tool r climatefo s - responsive architecture; can we draw a line between heat transfer and architecture?; architectur e Africath d nan e world: innovation d traditionsan s ; applyin e soiith g d modelling languag o build-foret m representatio d evaluationan n casa ; e stud f passivo y e houses builr fo t three climatic conditions of India; the actors in building design: is there any reason for new design team strategies?; experiences from different climate d culturesan s ; translucent installation for passive solar energy utilization in building; environmental and engineering conscious architectural design.

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 10 10 Asia 15 15 Europe 2 23 25 Nort Centrad han l America 2 3 5 South America 9 g TOTAL 3 8 2 6 64

37 PHYSIC ENVIRONMEND SAN T

Title: SPRING COLLEGE ON GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY

DatesMarc7 2 - h2 : 1987.

Organizers: Professor . MarianF s i (Universit r VergataTo é , Rome, Italyd R.Gan ) . Rastogi (Indian Institut f Geomagnetismeo , Bombay, India).

Purpose: To give an in-depth perspective of the interdisciplinary nature of geomagnetism aeronomyd an .

Programme: Topics: Earth's main magnetic field, its secular variation and model of the core field. Electromagnetic induction processes. Upper atmosphere. Hydromagnetic wave d magnetian s c pulsations. Geomagnetic disturbances, magnetospheric processes, sub- storm d indicean s f geomagnetio s c activity. Solar, interplanetar d planetaran y y magnetic fieldd an s planetary ionospheres.

Lectures were given on: main magnetic field: morphology, origin and kinematics, energy sources, reversals, secular variatio changed e an nlengtdaye th th f n ;i so h separatio f o n the fiel - dinterna d externalan l ; magnetospheric processes: solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere system; indices of geomagnetic activity; the physics of imagination and creativity; global model, local anomalie d seculaan s r variation; interaction between plasma d plasman s a dynamics; quiet day field at low latitudes; planetary ionopsheres; magnetospheric processes: convection - electric fields and polar caps; radio wave propagation: physics of the ionosphere; magnetospheric processes: particle motion, ring current and radiation belts; signal processing: statistical preliminaries; disturbed magnetic field: recurrent disturbances; project tethered satellite system: scienc d applicationsan e ; radio wave propagation: H.F. propagation characteristics; signal processing: time series (auto corr. Fourier transform d ARMA)an s ; electric currents in space, fully or partially ionized medium; ionospheric absorption; the international geosphere-biosphere programme forthcomina : g "Megaprograrn e Internationath f o " l Scientific Cooperation; radio wave propagation: ionospheric measurement techniques; signal processing: spectral estimation; magnetic storm d substormsan s ; histor f geomagnetio y c observation in the world; transionospheric radio wave propagation; signal processing: maximum entropy method; ionosphere for research and practical communications in developing countries; some problems of transionospheric propagation systems; signal processing: multi channel spectral estimation; electric current r quied fo disturbes an t d fields (film); South Atlantic anomaly; radio beacon satellite experiments; hydromagnetic waves: theor d experimentsan y ; electromagnetic inductio e earthth n i n: global distributio f electricao n l conductivity; Antarctic research: main tasks; relationship with arctic; E.M. inductio e earthth n i :n magnetometer arrays; compariso f grouno n d satellitan d e magnetic data; geomagnetic phenomen t higa a h latitudes; E.M. inductio e earthth n i :n magnetotellurics; interplanetary magnetic field polarity effectlatitudesw lo t a s ; interplanetary magnetic field : e sunorigith n ;i n magneti c fiel f solao d r system planets; magnetic field measurement closa comet o t e : Halley's encounter; equatorial electrojet; radar studiee ionosphereth f o s : motivation, experiment d resultsan s ; ionosphere through airglow: atmospheric/ionospheric emission; key parameters and future perspectives; basic concepts in data processing; incoherent scatter: theory, techniques and results; airglow: optical techniques; equatoria regionE l ; magnetic l prospectingoi n i s ; equatoria regionF l ; non- thermal scatter techniques and results; airglow: low latitude and ionospheric dynamics; study of eart y E.Mb h . induction methods; dynamic latitudesw d regioF hig lo f an ho st a d nlatitud mi ; e ionospheric dynamics through airglow.

38 Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 15 15 Asia 29 1 30 Europe 5 9 14 Indonesia and Oceania 2 2 Nort Centrad han l America 3 4 7 South America 13 13 TOTAL 6 7 1 4 8 1

Title: COLLEGE ON SOIL PHYSICS

Dates0 Novembe2 - 2 : r 1987.

Organizers: Dr. D. Gabriels (State University of Ghent, Belgium), Dr. E.L. Skidmore (US Department of , Manhattan, Kansas, USA) and Dr. K. Reichardt (Centro de energia nuclear na agricultura, Piracicaba, Brazil), with the co-sponsorship of the Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy).

Purpose: To provide participants with a fundamental understanding of soil physical properties and processes so that they may apply knowledge gained to solving problems in soil physics.

Programme: Topics: General properties of . Soil-water-plant-atmosphere continuum. wated Soian l r conservation.

Lectures were given on: the soil resources: soil genesis and classification of the soils e worldoth f ; soil composition; soil structure formation, degradation, stability; soil porosity aspects; particle size distribution parameters; effects of soil management practices on soil structure; soil-water potentia - tensiometerl ; soil moisture determination; estimating soil water retention from soil properties; qualification of soil moisture through micro-wave remote sensing techniques; computerized tomography as a method for physical studies of soil water; flow of water in saturated soils - Darcy's law; determination of hydraulic conductivity in saturated soil; estimating hydraulic conductivity from soil properties; unsaturated waterflow; introductioo t n e infiltratioth n process; theoretical solutio f infiltrationo e one-dimensionath s a n l flow procesn i s the homogeneous soil; application of theoretical solutions to field infiltration rate; quasi- analytical solutions of the flow equation for infiltration with and without crusts; gravity drainage for a homogeneous and stratified profiles; rainfall and infiltration; theory and practice e fielth d f o infiltration tests; soil consistency; movemen f soluteo t - sconvection , diffusiod an n dispersion; some aspects of uptake of water and solutes by plant roots; general aspects of spatial variability; neutron-scattering - gamma ray attenuation; spatial variability of soil physical properties; soil surface sealin d crustingan g ; thermal physical propertie d moisturan s e measurements in soils; heat transfer and soil temperature; infiltration and salinity; salinity and salt balance; waterbalanc d irrigatioan e n techniques; irrigation principles: methodd an s equipment; drainage principles; modelling evaporation processes; water erosion process: parameters; mechanics of the water erosion process; mechanics of wind erosion processes and wing erosion control; integration of factors affecting soil erosion and soil conservation principles; soil conservation techniques.

39 Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 25 25 Asia 28 28 Europe 3 21 24 Indonesia and Oceania 1 1 Nort Centrad han l America 4 2 6 South America 20 20 International Organizations 1 1 TOTAL 8 1 2 4 1 05

Title: SECOND AUTUMN WORKSHO CLOUN PO D PHYSIC CLIMATD SAN E

Dates 3 Novembe2 : 8 Decembe1 - r r 1987

Organizers: Professors A E Kalu (Anambra State University of Technology, Enugu, Nigeria), J Latham (University of Manchester, UK), R P Pearce (University of Reading, UK), M P Singh (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India) and G Denardo (University of Trieste and ICTP, Trieste, Italy), with the co-sponsorship of the Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (Ministr r Foreigfo y n Affairs, Rome, Italy).

Purpose o encouragT : e research collaboratio n projecto n s involving meteorology departments and universities in developing countries affected by the drought problem

Programme: Topics: General meteorology Cloud physics Weather modification Satellite meteorology General atmospheric circulation climatd zonean d r an so e monsoon meteorology

Lectures were give : clouon n d microphysical processes, general meteorology, satellite image processin d interpretationan g , atmospheric waves, early histor f clouo y d seeding; electrification, cloud models, cloud drop spectra, microphysics and climatological effect f Saharao s n dust; cumulus entramment, remot f climatieo sensinge us c e e datth th , n i a design of buildings, remote sensing, satellite and radar meteorology, African monsoons, atmospheric cloud physics measurements, World Climate Programme of the WMO, numerical weather prediction, cloud physic d weathean s r modification, general atmospheric circulatiod an n slimat f arieo d zones, monsoon meteorology, meteorolog d navigatioan y n

Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 31 31 Asia 38 38 Europe 8 18 26 North and Central America 4 4 South America 1 1 TOTAL 7 8 2 2 1 00

40 APPLIED PHYSICS

Title: SECOND WORKSHO MATHEMATICN PO INDUSTRSN I Y

Dates: 2 - 27 February 1987.

Organizers: Professors A. Fasano (University of Florence, Italy), H. Neunzert (Universität Kaiserslautern, Federal Republi f Germanyo c. StoreC d yan ) (Universitf o y Technology, Loughborough, UK).

Purpose o introducT :f applyino e participantt th ear ge th mathematic o t s o reat s l problems, i.e. to mathematical modelling theory.

Programme: Topics: Free boundary problems. Optimization. Control theory. System theory: identificatio d modenan l reduction. Numerical aspects of free boundary problems and optimization.

Lectures were given on: a general introduction to optimizations; an introduction to free boundary problems; introduction to the concepts of linear systems and control theory; numerical method n grouni s d water flows; stochastic aspect d timan se series analysis; modern optimization software; optimal control; basic mathematical theoriee flo f th liquidwo r fo sn i s porous media; economic application f optimao s l control; linear geometric control theory; distributed parameter optimal control with particular reference to the glass industry; some mathematical modelling problems fro e micro-electronicmth s industry; flo f immisciblwo e fluids in porous media; nonlinear control theory; identification of linear dynamical systems; optimizatio f fueo n l consumptio n carsi n ; modellin d parametean g r optimizatio a therma f o n l system; optimizatio f hydro-energo n y storage plant systems a mathematica; l moder fo l beneficial floods downstream of a hydro-power dam with reference to Steigler's Gorge in Tanzania; some practical experience d soman en i sexample s fro r cooperatiomou n with industry; mathematical problems in gear design; identification of seismic events using zero crossings - a procedur r evaluatiofo e f conditionao n l seismic risk; method r generatinfo s g pseudo-random numbers; mathematical problems in the theory of liquid crystals; coordination of flood control in water reservoir systems; methods and application of multi-objective optimization problems; optimally conditions for distributed systems with boundary conditions involving lags; optimization of precast concrete framed structures; a nonlinear theory of hydrodynamic lubrication; Eddy-currents and magnetic field problems in electrotechnical applications: numerical methods; a game-theoretical look at transportation network equilibrium; a multi- objective cutting stock problem with stochastic deman e aluminiuth n i d m industry; autocatalytic phenomena; some approximation problem f geologicao s l models; introductio o Liapunot n v stability.

Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 15 15 Asia 20 20 Europe 8 36 44 Nort Centrad han l America 4 1 5 South America 7 7 TOTAL 5 4 37 9 1

41 Title: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHO REMOTN PO E SENSIN RESOURCD GAN E EXPLORATION

Dates 9 Februar: 6 Marc - y h 1987.

Organizers . EI-BaF . Dr z: (Boston University . CappellinV . , Dr USA d ian ) (Universitf o y Florence, Italy).

Purpose: To study in depth the application of remote sensing technology to the fields of archaeology, astronomy, geography, geolog physicsd an y .

Programme: Topics: Remote sensing method techniquesd san . Data acquisitio handlingd nan . Monitoring of change in the environment. Mappin chartingd gan . Land resource surveys. Mineral detection by remote sensing. Underground water exploration. Agricultur d fooan ed resources. Forestry and rangeland resources. f remoto e eUs sensin developinn gi g countries. Regional centre theid an sr uses. Data bases and their utilization. Space laboratories.

Lectures were given on: remote sensing: a new field or a new tool?; utilization of space photographs in resource exploration; data acquisition and handling; remote sensing image processing; some application f remotso e sensing techniques; remote sensin f desertgo d arian sd lands; case study on Eastern Sahara; future trends in remote sensing; computer image enhancement; application of remote sensing to archaeology; wind directions from dune patterns; remote sensin f duno g e Saharae fieldth n i s ; remote sensin d modellinan g e Adriatith n i g c Sea; remote sensin developinn gi g countries; space image tropican i s l studies; remote sensin r crogfo p forecast; lineaments and lineation analysis; the basics of remote sensing of natural vegetation; modern mapping from imageries; remote sensing of the East African rift; remote sensing for soil survey; regional centre for services in surveying mapping and remote sensing; forest classification and inventory; mapping structures by remote sensing; global vegetation monitoring; data bases and their management; remote sensing in groundwater exploration in arid lands; planetary remote sensing; evaluation of thermal satellite data in the municipal information syste f Würzburgmo e solath rn i syste; e studic y f remotmb o y e sensing techniquesf o e us ; remote sensin n meteorologyi g ; remote sensing activitie n Egypti cosw s lo t a ;digita l image processing system as an alternative to application of standard photographic products; lithological structurad an l mappin y remotgb e sensing; remote sensin geologyn gi ; satellite remote sensinf go rainfall: manua d interactivan l d objectivan e e techniques; some digital transformationd an s filtering techniques for image processing; remote sensing activities in Pakistan; hydrological indicators and river flood previsions in West Africa; satellite remote sensing for the monitoring of major environmental hazards; detecting crop water stress by means of infrared remote sensing e Spacth ; e Shuttle large format camera; remote sensine Easterth f o g n Sahara; resolution and detection with small format air photo systems; commercial aspects of remote sensing n advanca ; e technology aerial camera; monitoring dune y remotb s e sensing; thermal infrared remote sensing a cas:o River P e e stud;th electro-opticaf o y d photo-opticaan l l aido t s improved mapping data acquisition.

42 Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 21 21 Asia 32 32 Europe 3 18 21 North and Centrai America 3 7 10 South America 6 6 TOTAL 65 25 9 0

Title: ICFA SCHOO INSTRUMENTATION LO ELEMENTARNN I Y PARTICLE PHYSICS

Dates: 8-19 June 1987.

Organizers: Professor . EkeloT s f (Pane r Futurfo l e Instrumentatio e Internationath f o n l Committe r Futurfo e e Accelerators, ICFA, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) . FabjaC , n (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) and J. Pilcher (University of Chicago, USA), with the co-sponsorship of the Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy), the Trieste Section of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Italy) Europeae th , n Organizatio r Nucleanfo r Research (CERN, Switzerlandd an ) Unitee th d States Departmen f Energo t y (DoE).

Purpose: To cover the two main avenues in the research in particle detection, i.e. the physic technologd an s f detectorso y .

Programme: Topics: Physic f detectorso s . Systems and applications of detectors.

Lectures were given on: the present state of high energy physics; interaction of charge particle d photonan s n matteri s ; d detectiodrifan t f chargeso n ; accelerator experiments in elementary particle physics; detector signal processing; cosmic ray physics and astrophysics; energy los f particleo s n densi s e matter-calorimetry; elementary particle physics detectorr fo s non-accelerator experiments; detectors in medicine and ; drift and detection of charges in solid detectors n experimentalist'a ; s overvie f acceleratorswo . (Laboratory sessions): principle f o MWPs C detectors; drift chamber studies; measurement lifetime th f f so cosmieo y muonsra c ; signal processin d noisgan e studies.

Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 5 5 Asia 19 19 Europe 3 45 48 Nort Centrad han l America 1 21 22 South America 4 4 International Organizations 6 6 TOTAL 3 2 72 1 04

43 Title: WORKSHOP ON TELEMATICS

Dates: 7 September - 1 October 1987.

Organizers: Professors G. Perucca (Centre Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni, CSELT, Turin, Italyd M.Van ) . Pitke (Centr r Developmenfo e f Telematicso t Delhiw Ne , , India), wite co-sponsorshith h e Dipartimentth f o pa Cooperazionl r pe o e allo Sviluppo (Ministrr fo y Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy).

Purpose fundamentae focuo th T : n o s l aspect f digitao s l communication computerd an s s and their role in evolving information networks in the future.

Programme: Topics: Fundamentals of digital communications. Packet switching. Networks and protocols. ISDN. New transmission and distribution media. Video services. Communications software. Satellite networks.

Lectures were give : introductioon n o telematicst n ; introductio o telephonyt n ; telephone network basics; basic switching techniques; digital signal processing; hardware for digital signal processing; fibre optics; optical fibre measurements; speech processing; architecture of a modern switch; signalling aspects; LANS; photonic switching; communication software; satellite based networks; future technologies; television's teletext; communication software; overview on CSELT research activities; new switching techniques; first trials of ISDN services; new switching system architectures; ISDN developments for the Italian switching system; technology issues I networIB : k experiments; networks software; projects: some ideas; evolution of microprocessors; broadband ISDN standards; advanced switching techniques; technology for developing countries. Practical experiments: telephony and speech codecs; demonstration of DSP; digital switching t synchronisationbi ; ; digital signal processing.

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 16 6 1 Asia 38 38 Europe 4 8 12 Indonesia and Oceania 4 4 North and Central America 4 3 7 South America 14 14 International Organizations 2 2 TOTAL 80 1 3 9 3

44 Title: FOURTH COLLEGE ON MICROPROCESSORS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IN PHYSICS

Dates: 5 - 30 October 1987.

Organizers: Mr. C. Verkerk (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland), with the co-sponsorship of the Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy), the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences and the United Nations University (Tokyo, Japan). Dr. A. Colavita (Argentina/ICTP) acted as Head of the Laboratory.

Purpose: To bring participants, in a period of 4 weeks, to a level which will enable them to develop microprocessor-based systems and to use them efficiently.

Programme: Topics: General introduction to microprocessors. Microcomputer hardware (architectur d interfacing)an e . Assembly language programming. Technique r microprocessofo s r project development. Application f microprocessoro s varioun i s s fields.

Lectures were give : introductioon n o logict n ; introductio o (micro)computerst n ; characteristic e 6809th f o ;s assembly language programming; introductiod o FLEXan t n O I/ ; interfacing; hardware of the Colombo '84 board; hardware debugging; digital/analog conversion; floating point operations; sensors; buses and data communication; software tools and techniques; introduction to projects; Kerne! software for Colombo bears; 16 and 32-bit microprocessors; hardware maintenance; system analysis; case studdata n ao y acquisition system; simulation, optimization and control of engineering systems; microprocessors in modern instrumentation: pulse height analyzer.

Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 24 24 Asia 52 1 53 Europe 8 12 20 Indonesia and Oceania 5 5 North and Central America 9 1 10 South America 16 16 International Organizations 5 5 TOTAL 4 1 1 1 9 1 33

45 ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENCES

Title: ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON UNDULATOR MAGNETS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AND FREE ELECTRON LASERS

Dates: 23 - 26 June 1987.

Organizers: Unde e chairmanshith r f Professoo p . LundqvisS r t (Chalmers Universitf o y Technology, Göteborg, Sweden): Professor . BonifaciR s o (Universit f Milano y , Italy). C , Pellegrini (Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, USA) . FondL , a (Universit f Triesteo y , . RoseR Italyd i an )(Universit f Triesteo y , Italy), wite co-sponsorshith h e Internationath f o p l School for Advanced Studies (ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy).

Purpose o discusT : d comparan s e proposeth e d design f undulatorso s d reviean ,e wth experimental results obtained to-date.

Programme: Topics: Characteristics of undulators for synchrotron radiation. Characteristic f undulatoro s r frefo s e electron laser. Analysi f effecto s f undulatoo s r error n synchrotroo s n radiation spectra. Analysis of effects of undulator errors on free electron lasers. Hybrid undulators: performances and experimental results. Electromagnetic undulators. Undulator pole shapin r beagfo m focusing. Very short period undulators d othean , r future developments. Microwave undulators. Effect f undulatoro s n beao s m dynamic d storagan s e ring performances.

Lectures were give : statuon n f o undulatos r development; characterizatiof o n undulator radiation; analysis of undulators field errors for FELs; the TOK undulator; FEL wiggler development at LLNL; undulator at BESSY; design and measurement of undulators at Daresbury; measurin d correctinan g g wiggler errors; undulator developmen t a Spectrt a Technology; undulator desig t a Orsayn ; field configuratio r microundulatorfo n ; submillimeter period undulator; undulator development at field effects; electomagnetic wave undulators; cost optimizatio f inductioo n n linacs driver r radiatiofo s n sources; effect f undulatoro s n storago s e rin gn Itald abroadi beaan yL mFE ;f o dynamicsundulato t ar e e statth rth ; f o developmene t a t ENEA; near fields undulator radiation programmL FE ; t Spectrea a Technolog - yBoeing .

Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Asia 4 4 Europe 23 23 Nort d Centraan h l America 1 20 21 TOTAL 5 4 3 4 8

46 Title: ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL ORGANIC CONDUCTORS: CHEMISTRY, PHYSIC APPLICATIOND SAN S

Dates Jun0 3 Jul3 : e- y 1987.

Organizers: Unde e chairmanshith r f Professoo p . LundqvisS r t (Chalmers Universitf o y Technology, Göteborg, Sweden): Professors Kouand-An Chao (Linköping Institut f Technologyeo , P.R. China) . HarbekG , e (RCA Laboratories Ltd., Zürich, Switzerland) u (AcademiL u Y , a Sinica, Beijing, P.R. China ICTPd an , , Trieste . Zerb,G Italyd i an (Politecnico) , Milan, Italy)- ,co wite hth sponsorship of the International School for Advanced Studies (ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy).

Purpose preseno T : development w criticaa t ne e lth reviefielstatue e d th th dan sf f wo o s fiele f th one-dimensionado n i l organic conductors.

Programme: Topics: Materials survey. Synthesis. Chemical and physical concepts. Solid state theory. Quantum-chemical approach. Correlation effects. Lattice dynamics. Semiconductor- metal transition. Nonlinear effects. Optical spectroscopy. Photoexcitation. Fast spectroscopy. Resonance techniques. Electron energy loss. Technological applications developmentsw Ne . .

Lectures were given on: chemical aspects of conducting polymers; physical aspects of conducting polymers; transport phenomen conductinn ai g pofymers; chemistr f polyanilino y d ean model compounds; anisotropic optical properties of pure and doped polyacetylene; electronic structure of conducting polymers - investigations by electron energy-loss spectroscopy; special propertie f conductino s g polymers: ultra-high electrical conductivit d thiran yd order (nonlinear optical) susceptibility; simple theor f conductino y g polymers; optical excitation d propertiean s s of polydiacetylenes; femtosecond dynamic d nonlineaan s r optical propertie f polyacetyleneo s ; picosecond optical probes; spectroscopic studie f polyeno s e molecules; experimental studief o s organic ferromagnets; modern version of valence bond theory: applications to poyacetylene and organic ferromagnets; Frohlic conduction in field induced spin density waves in Bechgaard salts; lattice dynamics in polyacetylene - amplitude, phase and shape modes; molecular vibrations and structures of conjugated polymers; magnetic resonance studies in one-dimensional organic conductors; lattice vibrations in trans-polyacetylene with a soliton and the optical activities; lattice dynamics (spectroscopic approach); ESR and optical studies of doped (3-methylthiophene); CDW dynamics a progres: s repor d opticaan t l properties; charge transfer crystals; solitonn i s CD o surviveWt y crystalswa ; e propertieth : d applicatioan s n potential f highlo s y conducting organic polymers; numerical simulations of conducting polymers - kinks, polarons and breathers; lattice relaxation approach to soliton and polaron dynamics in conducting polymers; role of electron-electron correlations in conducting polymers.

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Asia 4 4 8 Europe 3 31 34 Nort Centrad han l America 14 14 South America 3 3 TOTAL 1 0 49 5 9

47 Title: SPECIAL ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENC N HIGO E H TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS

Dates: 5 - 8 July 1987.

Organizers: Under the chairmanship of Professor S. Lundqvist (Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden): Professor . TosattE s i (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, ISAS-SISSA d ICTP.Triestean , , Italy) . TosM , i (Universit f Triesto y d ICTPan e , Trieste, Italy) and Yu Lu (Academia Sinica, Beijing, P.R. China, and ICTP, Trieste, Italy), with the co- sponsorship of the International School for Advanced Studies (ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy) and ItalyM IB .

Purpose o discusT : e latesth s t experimental discoveries e theoreticath , l interpretations of the results obtained and the possible technical applications.

Programme:

Lectures were given on: high Tc superconductivity - general overview; history of the theory of superconductivity; a road to high temperature superconductivity; possible applications

of high temperature superconductors; idea n hig o sc superconductivityT h ; recent theoretical ideas on high temperature superconductors; high temperature superconductivity from magnetism e resonatinth : g valence bond state e naturpairine th th ;resonatina f o en i g g valence bond superconductor n HovVa ; e singularitie d higan sh temperature superconductivityr ou ;

present understandin higw c superconductorsne T h e th f o g ; recent structural developmentn i s copper oxides, high T superconductors; macro- and micro-structure of superconducting Cu

oxides; structure propertc y correlations high temperature superconducting oxidee th ; temperature factor of the X-ray scattering in superconducting polycrystalline ceramics; high resolution neutron powder diffraction studie f higo s h temperature superconductors; discovery and physic f superconductoro s s ; abovphysicaK 0 e9 l propertie superconductivitd san n layerei y d

perovskite oxides; high Tc superconductivity in Ba-Re-Cu-O (Re = rare earth); thin films of the high Tc perovskites; superconducting and magnetic properties of MBa2Cu3O7-compounds;

antiferromagnetis n i mLa 2CuO4; X-ray absorption fine structure studie f higo c s T h superconductors; submillimeter conductivity spectrum of the new superconductors; bonds,

bands, charge transfer excitations and superconductivity of YBa2CuO7.5; theory of high Tc superconductivit n i oxidesy ; Jahn-Teller-effect mediated hole-pair tunnelind an g

superconductivit n higi y c coppehT r oxides; antiferromagnetis d superconductivitman D 2 e th n i y

Hubbard model: scaling theory; neutron diffraction images and refinement of Ba2YCu3O7

structures; glass state properties of high Tc superconductors; high critical currents in high temperature superconductors; space applications of high temperature superconductivity; structure and properties of oxide superconductors; flux quantization in ceramic superconductors applicatiod an SQUIo nt D devices fielw lo ;d magnetic relaxation effect Sr-La-Cu-n i s d La-BaOan - Cu-O; recent measurement n lanthanuo s m barium copper oxides; high temperature superconductivity researc s AlamosLo t a h ; some superconductorw resultne n o s s obtainen i d

Sverdlovsk; Hall measurement n hig o sc oxides T h ; instabilit e ferromagnetith f o y c e statth n i e

Hubbard model; some aspect e hig c th problemT h f o s ; hole pairing mechanism inducey b d antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations; strong superconductivity in nested electronic systems;

light-metal hydride s hig a sc superconductorshT ; propertie f strono s g coupling superconductors; superconductivity as a synchronous alteration of valence bonds; dynamics of twin boundaries and

hig c T superconductorsh ; influenc f o structure d antiferromagnetian e c transitionn o s superconductivity; superconductivit n alkaline-earti y h substituted LaCuO4 theoreticaa : l model;

Raman scatterin superconductorsn i g ; spin fluctuation mediated superconductivit2 a two-ban n i y d model.

48 Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 2 2 Asia 19 6 25 Europe 21 88 109 Indonesia and Oceania 1 1 North and Central America 2 30 32 South America 9 9 international Organizations 3 3 TOTAL 5 3 1 28 1 81

Title: ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON VACUUM IN NON-RELATIVISTIC MATTER - RADIATION SYSTEMS

Dates: 14 - 17 July 1987.

Organizers: Unde e chairmanshith r f Professoo p . LundqvisS r t (Chalmers Universitf o y Technology, Göteborg, Sweden): Professor . PersicF s o (Universit f Palermoo y , Italyd E.A. an ) Power (University College, London, UK), with the co-sponsorship of the International School for Advanced Studies (ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To review in particular those aspects of the field which lend themselves to a unified descriptio e structurn termi nth e vacuu f th o sf o em electromagnetis it c field an d modifications.

Programme:

Lectures were given on: perturbation of the e.m. vacuum by atoms/molecules; the Lamb shift in hydrogen; spontaneous emission in the vacuum; quenching quantum noise via the correlated spontaneous emission laser; optical cavity radiation in microscopic cavities; the micromaser: fro mo quantumt cavitD QE y chaos; dresse d half-dressean d d source n noni s- relativistic QED; vacuum fluctuations and intermolecular interactions; dressed atomic ground statd opticaan e l detection; detectio f half-dresseo n d source n non-relativistii s c QED; cross correlation in two-mode and two photon lasers; vacuum effects induced by radiation and matter fields; cioning photons in the presence of vacuum fluctuations; quantum jumps; e.m. field commutations in the presence of matter; QED in cavities based on self-energy; squeezing the vacuum in atom-field interactions; macroscopic manifestations of vacuum fluctuations in quantum dynamical initiation; environmental effects on spontaneous emission and Lamb shift according to stochastic electrodynamics; different ways of looking at the e.m. vacuum; nonlinear structure of the e.m. vacuum; virtual cloud effects in perturbate atoms; correction to the electron spin magnetic moments near mirrors; gauge transformatio n semiclassicai n l radiation theory.

49 Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 3 3 Asia 1 1 Europe 4 12 16 Indonesia and Oceania 3 3 Nort Centrad han l America 1 7 8 South America 1 1 TOTAL 1 0 2 2 3 2

Title: ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON SCANNING TUNNELLING MICROSCOPY - FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIMENTA THEORETICAD LAN L PROGRESS

Jul1 Dates3 y- 19878 2 : .

Organizers: Under the chairmanship of Professor S. Lundqvist (Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden): Professor l E Bursteis n (Universit f o Pennsylvaniay , Philadelphia, USA) and E. Tosatti (International School for Advanced Studies, ISAS-SISSA, and ICTP.Trieste, Italy), wite co-sponsorshith h e Internationath f o p l Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies (ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To bring together a number of leading experimentalists and theorists for in- depth presentations and discussions of the fundamental physics underlying the scanning tunnelling microscope.

Programme: Topics: two-atod Onean - m tunnelling experiments. Single atom imagin spectroscopd gan y theory. Local densit f stateso y , image potential, field emissiod an n other issues. Role of the tip in imaging and spectroscopy. Resonant tunnelling. Inelastic tunnellin - gvibrationa d electronian l c excitations Spin polarized tunnelling. Tunnellin magnetia n gi c field. Electron tunnelling at metal, superconductor, semiconductor, semimetal, magnetic and organic (including biologica d polymeran l ) surfaces. Tunnellin proba s f chargga eo e density waves. Tunnelling at solid-liquid interfaces. Electron tunnellin t defectt adsorbatesga a d an s . Limits to stability and resolution of the scanning tunnelling microscope. The atomic force microscope.

Lectures were give : tunnellinon n g microscope w structurestudiene f o n so s semiconductor surfaces; tunnelling spectroscopy of clean and metallized Si surfaces; similarities and differences in field ion microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy; properties and applications of ultra-sharp tips; a low-temperature, high-field scanning tunnelling microscope; restoration and pictorial representation of scanning tunnelling microscope data; tunnelling in a magnetic field with spin-polarized electrons; capillary condensation betweesampled an d p nti di : ever anybody tunnel through air?; spin polarized electron microscopy; theory of single-atom

50 imaging in the scanning tunnelling microscope; topography versus electronic structure in scanning tunnelling microscope images; inelastic electron tunnelling from a metal tip; tunnelling microscopy at 4° K: prospects for observing inelastic tunnelling; tunnelling with coupling to a surface phono plasmond nan desigw higa ne ;r h nfo r ultra-hig stabilitfo M ST yh vacuumf o M ST ; gol siliconn do ; semi-empirica phenomenologicad an l l instrument function r scanninfo s g tunnelling microscope; scanning tunnelling spectroscopy for probing the density of states: applications to semiconductors and superconductors; diffraction effects and contrast in STM and STS; small forces and force microscopy; scanning tunnelling microscopy of adsorbed atoms on semiconductor surfaces; scanning tunnelling microscopy studie n metao s l surface reconstructions; study of frictional forces with the atomic force microscope; force microscopy y laseb r heterodyne sensing; nonperturbative theor r metafo y l superconductor tunnelling; scanning tunnelling microscop f noveo y l materials polymers, quasicrystals, thin films, clusters

and high Tc superconductors; the new high Tc materials: STM, AC susceptibility and grain/domain model of superconductivity; point contact and STM studies of high T

superconductors YBaCu GdBaCuOd Oan ; lookin t electroga n trapping with STM; scanning tunnelling c microscopy of graphyte; scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of graphite and intercolates; atomic force microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy and lithography at liquid-solid interfaces; applications of scanning tunnelling microscopy to the study of charge density waves; scanning tunnelling microscop liquidd an airn s i ;y scanninga , g tunnelling microscop thin o yn organic films; o rectift M y ST optica n STa n Mf biologyi lo frequenciee us ; d measuran s n operationaa e l tunnelling time; metal submonolayer graphyten o s : imagin f Ad-atomso g , Ad-cluster d largan se island y scanninb s g tunnelling microscopy trendw ; ne classin scannini sd an c g tunnelling microscopy; unresolved issues.

Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 2 2 Asia 4 4 . 8 Europe 3 40 43 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 1 1 North and Central America 3 28 31 TOTAL 1 2 73 8 5

Title: ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENC INTERATOMIN EO C FORCE RELATION SI O NT DEFECTS AND DISORDER IN CONDENSED MATTER

Dates: 11-14 August 1987.

Organizers: Unde e chairmanshith r f Professopo . LundqvisS r t (Chalmers Universitf o y Technology, Göteborg, Sweden): Professors A.B. Lidiard (Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, UK), Chi-Wei Lung (Academia Sinica, Shenyang, P.R. China M.Pd an ) . Tosi (Universit f Triesto y e d ICTPan , Trieste, Italy), wite co-sponsorshith h e Internationath f o p l Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies (ISAS-SISSA, Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To review and discuss recent progress and future prospects.

Programme: Topics e electroniTh : c theor f o interatomiy c interactions, especially in simple metals, transition metals, semiconductor ionid an sc substances.

51 The prediction of the defect properties of solids, e.g. point defects, dislocations, internal and external interfaces, and of their atomi d ionian cc transport properties, e.g. thermal activation, fast ion conduction. The prediction of the and internal dynamics of liquids. The inference of interatomic forces by analysis of experimental data on structure and on thermodynamic, defec d transporan t t properties.

Lectures wer e influenc th give : f on ninteratomio e c e structurforceth n o f s o e liquids: an experimental approach; interatomic force modelling of local coordination and extended structure in ionic-covalent liquids; the inference of interatomic forces from structural data on f interionio liquids w la ;e cwha th interactio s i t polaa n i nr d solvent?refractivan A LD e; indef o x rare-gas liquids approacw ne ; tripleo ht t correlation function densn i s e fluids; interatomic forces in semiconductors and insulators from both fundamental and empirical viewpoints; interatomic potential r oxiden defeci fo s d theie an sus t r calculations; interatomic force n semiconductori s - s first principle calculations; predictio f glass-formino n g concentration rang n binari e y transition metal alloys; role of defects and disorder in Cdl2 polytypic crystals at low temperatures; pair potential tren f alkalo d i metals under external pressure; interatomic force n transitioi s n metals; interatomic forces in relation to the theory of dislocations; interatomic forces in relation to the properties of point defects, dislocations and clusters; molecular dynamics of metal surfaces; Morse potential functioe temperaturth d nan e dependenc single F d e an crystals f CRSo eo M f So ; computer simulation of plane defects in NisAI using a volume dependent potential; simulation of metal/molten salt interfaces; experimental studies of solute-defect interactions in metals and alloys; molecular dynamic d defectan s n metali s n relatioi s o interatomit n c force lawse th ; quantum simulatio f hydrogeno transition ni n metals.

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 5 5 Asia 2 2 Europe 16 1 6 North and Central America 2 1 3 TOTAL 9 1 7 2 6

Title: ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENC PATE TH H N INTEGRAEO L METHOD WITH APPLICATIONS

Dates 4 Septembe - 1 : r 1987.

Organizers: Unde e chairmanshith r f Professopo . LundqvisS r t (Chalmers Universitf o y Technology, Göteborg, Sweden): Professor . RanfagnA s i (Istitut i d Ricerco a sulle Onde Elettromagnetich l Consiglide e o Nazionale delle Ricerche, IROE-CNR Florence,- Italy)Sa . V , yakanit (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand) and L.S. Schulman (Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA), with the co-sponsorship of the International School for Advanced Studies (ISAS- SISSA, Trieste, Italy).

Purpose: To present an overview of the theory with emphasis on the fundamental concepts and the functional integral techniques.

52 Programme: Topics: Basic theory of the Feynman path-integral method. The problem of quantum fluctuations. Tunnelling processes. Complex time description. Dissipatio tunnellinn i n g systems. Temperature effects. Non-radiative processes: vibrational relaxation and tunnelling. Thermodynamics of non-linear systems. Application o disorderet s d systems, quantum Hall effect, Josephson junctions, optical phenomena etc. Path integrals in field theory. Topology and path integrals. Exact solutions and semiclassical approximation.

Lectures were give : introductioon n e Feynmath o t n n path integral; semiclassical approaches; recent applications of the Feynman path integral in two and three dimensions; Hamiltonian path integrals; asymptotic calculatio f Wieneo n r functional integrals; functional integral generalizatio coherene th f o n t potential approximation; variational approac quantuo ht m statistical mechanics; space-time transformation e path-integralth r fo s e patth ; h integran i l chaotic Hamiltonian systems; the Feynman integral, the Feynman-Kac formula with a Lebesgue- Stieltjes measur d Feynman'an e s operational calculus; operator orderin d supersymmetryan g ; path integral formula for non-equilibrium ; the frozen false vacuum; applicatio e patth hf o nintegra o heavilt l y doped semiconductors; functional integral r spinfo s - Bose systems; path integrals, Lifshitz tails and Urbach tails; the functional integration measure for the dynamical systems with constraints; applications of path integral methods to electromagnetic scatterin d diffractioan g n problems; certain inequalitie r partitiofo s n functions by path integral methods; quantum decay of dissipative systems; the tunnelling time and trajectory a pat; h integral approac o topologicat h l conservation; two-point distribution function foa polyelectrolytr e model; path integral r particlefo s s unde e influencth r f gravito e d an y ; applicatio e Josephsoth f o n n e determinatioeffecth o t t f fundamentao n l constants and precision electrical metrology; particle interacting with a bath: thermal averages and density matrix.

Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 10 10 Asia 6 6 Europe 17 31 48 North and Central America 1 7 8 TOTAL 34 38 7 2

53 OTHER RESEARCH

Dates: Throughou yeare th t .

Purpose: To allow scientists wishing to avail themselves of the Centre's facilities (library and computers) and of the presence of ICTP consultants and other experts to carry out independent researc periodn i h s whe activito n s schedulei y thein i d r field f interesto s .

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 57 57 Asia 118 1 18 Europe 24 37 61 Indonesia and Oceania 1 1 Nort Centrad han l America 5 3 8 South America 17 1 7 International Organizations 4 4 TOTAL 222 4 4 266

Figures also include short-term visitors coming for organizational activities only.

54 MICROPROCESSOR LABORATORY

The activities of the Microprocessor Laboratory (ICTP - INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy), sponsore e Uniteth y db d Nations University (UNU, Tokyo, Japan) were articulated along the following lines: (1) training activities in microprocessors and technical support given to these activities; (2) activities of the joint ICTP/INFN Microprocessor Laboratory.

(1) Training activities: Durin yeare gLaboratore th th , vera d y ha yheav y loa f activitiesdo followine Th . g training ) (a from Septembe Octobeo t h d 1987t r 2n r "Workshoe 7th Telematicsn po " took place in the premises of the Microprocessor Laboratory. Rosy stations were used for the practical sessions as well as other instruments and facilities. The Laboratory gave to the organizers of the Workshop all the support needed, including the participation s technicaoit f l staff. Ninety-three scientists attende workshope dth . ) (b From Octobe o Octobet h 5t r r 30th e regulath , r biannual home based course took place at the Laboratory. Including lecturers and participants, one hundred and thirty-three scientists participate e "Fourtth n i dh Colleg n Microprocessorso e : Technolog d Applicationan y n Physics"i s , showin s enormouit g s popularitd an y timeliness (more that four hundred applications were received). The staff of the Laboratory was involved in the preparation of the course as weil as during its implementation college Th directes . ewa y Profdb . VerkerC . k from CERN. (c) Durin e las gth e followint th par f o t g year e laboratorth , y starte e preparatiodth f o n the equipment, lecture notes ,forthcomine etcth r .fo g courses: Second Latin American Colleg n Microprocessorso e n LuisSa , , Argentina9 2 - 1 1 , April 1988; Workshop on Microprocessor Application in Instrumentation, Bogota, Colombia, 16 First African Regional College on Microprocessors: Technology and Applications in ) (d Startine beginningth t a g f Auguso o mid-Septembert t , Prof. Colavita taugha t course for future instructors for the forthcoming Second Latin American College on Microprocessors. The course took place at San Luis, Argentina, with the attendance of ten participants. e ICFTh A(e Schoo) Instrumentation o l Elementarn ni y Particle Physics took e placth n ei premises of the Laboratory from June 8th to June 19th 1987. The School had all the technical support of the Laboratory as well as the support of INFN and the Universit f Triesteo y . One-hundre foud dan r participants attende Schoole dth .

(2) Activities jointthe of ICTP/INFN Microprocessors Laboratory

(a) New equipment e LaboratorTh s w Mitac-Hallefouha ne yr y 80386 powered stations equipped with multisynch screens and mice. These stations are used for CAE systems and graphic software development. Also the Laboratory has incorporated two IBM Personal System/2, model 50, o ICTt donatePM IB togethe y db r wittokeo htw n ring network servers. They will als e useb o d for CAE systems. Four Epso ne FX-100 FX-80on d 0an printer Ampen te s wel 0 terminala s a 22 xl s were Three new CAE software packages, PCAD, XILINX (Silo) and Silvar Lisco were installed in different computer coveo t s e neeth rf differen do t projects bein e Laboratorygth carriet a t dou . As the number of scopes was not enough to handle the increased activity of the laboratory, a very nice Tektronic oscilloscope of 350 Mhz bandwidth was purchased.

(b) Technical projects: This is necessarily a short summary of the scientific projects being carried out or started in the laboratory. The following projects are included: . 1 first prototyp single th r efo e board, 68B09, Ros . teachinJr y g station; 2. development of a Forth environment for the 68020 based Gimix single board computer;

55 . 3 developmen f RomDiso t Rose th . station r yJr fo k ; . 4 feasibilit ye installatio studth r e MINIIfo yth f o Xn Operating syste a 6800 n mi 0 based Force VME card; 5. study of the preliminary specifications of a single board 68020 powered computer; . 6 developmen f Graphio t c software, under Microsoft's Windows o controt , a Burd l an r Brown A/D D/a IBM compatible card; 7. development of Graphic software, under Microsoft's Windows Operating System written to control a Multichannel Analyzer IBM compatible board; . 8 developmen a Multichanne f o t l Analyzer board usin a Digitag l Signal Processon o s a r board "sequencer d residenan " t processor; . 9 developmen compatiblM IB f o t e data acquisition card wit a MC680h 9 microprocessor wit d ROSe an hth Y Development System; . 10 developmen a Rosy/Fle f o t OS-d an x9 hardwar d softwaran e e compatible development station; 11. Delphi Experiment (INFN, Grou; p1) 12. Clue Experiment (INFN, Group 2) 13. Anne Experiment (INFN, Group 2); Experimen2 PM . 14 t (INFN, Grou. p5)

More comprehensive reports on these activities are available on request

Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Asia 1 1 Europe 5 5 South America 5 5 International Organizations 4 4 TOTAL 6 9 1 5

56 NETWOR ASSOCIATF KO E MEMBERS AND FEDERATED INSTITUTES

REPORT ON THE ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP SCHEME IN 1987

Reports on the Network of Associates and Federated Institutes are available on request.

- 1REGULAR ASSOCIATES

Associate Member e scientistar s s frod workinman n developini g g countriee ar o wh s appointed, upon recommendation of the Scientific Council, for a period of six years during which the entitlee threy ar y pa eo dt researc h e ICTPvisitth o st . Eac f sucho h visits shoul t exceedno d 90 days but should last more than six weeks during the appointment period. Then, if the 3x90 = 270 days have not been fully utilized during the 6-year period, the remaining days may be used for additional visit r whicfo se ICTth h P t wilbea e travee costno th l th rf o sl expenses. During their perioe ICTPth t a d, Associate Members work either independentl collaboration i r o y n with other scientist n residenci s d attenean d workshops, conference r extendeo s d courses. Centre Th e expects that they wilengagede b l thein i , r home countries enhancinn i , g physics mathematicd an s educatio secondarye th t na , polytechnica collegd an l e level wels a teachins a l g d researc an e universitth t a h y level. Moreover, they should alsy attentionopa thein i , r research work, to problems of physics and mathematics connected with their locale. In 1987, the list of appointed Associates included 319 scientists. Forty-one appointments expired at the end of 1986, one new Associate Members was appointed and 10 appointments were extended. One hundred and thirty-seven Associate Members (42.95%) came to the ICTP for a total of 291.29 man/months with an average duration of stay of 2.13 man/months (nearly the same average as in 1986). The number of visits is somewhat lower than that normally expected because the number of new appointments did not compensate the number of expired appointments. Some of the Associate, of course and for various reasons like academic requirement r familo s y situations, brea e 2-yeath k r cycl y anticipatinb e r differrino g e th g timin f theio g r visits with respece timth eo t tthe y would normall e expecteb y e ICTPth t a d. Tables I and II show to what extent the Associate Membership scheme has been used from the geographical area d fro e researcan smth h interests viewpoints respectively.

Table I

Numbe f Associateo r s Entitle a Researc o t d h Visi n 198i t 7 and Number of Associates who Actually Came, r Geographicape l Areas

Areas Number of Associates Number of Visits tota. vs l % Visit. tota# vs l % s Man/Month . totavs l % s

Africa 86 26.96% 43 31.39% 90.98 31 .23% Asia 159 49.84% 64 46.72% 133.53 45.84% Europe 1 1 3.45% 8 5.84% 16.65 5.72% Indonesia & Oceania 5 1.57% 1 0.73% 0.82 0.28% North & Central America 1 1 3.45% 4 2.92% 8.65 2.97% South America 47 14.73% 17 12.41% 40.66 13.96% Total 31 9 1 37 291.29

57 Table II

Numbe f Associateo r s Entitle a Researc o t d h Visi n 198i t 7 per Scientific Field of Interest

Fields of interest Numbe f Associateo r s Number of Visits # % # %

Fundamental physics 64 20.06 31 22.63 Condensed matter 68 21.32 45 32.85 Mathematics 47 14.73 21 15.33 Physics and energy 66 20.69 24 17.52 Physic environmend an s t 30 9.40 9 6.57 Living state 14 4.39 3 2.19 Applied physics and high tech. 30 9.40 4 2.92

Total 31 9 137

Table III

Summary

1. Regular Associates appointed in 1987...... 31 9 . 2 Regular Associates appointe n 1986...... 34di 9 3. Appointments expired at the end of 1986...... 41 4. New appointments starting in 1987...... 1 . 5 Extension d renewalan s s startin n 1987...... i g 0 .1 . 6 Member states represente 1987...... n i d 2 .6 7. Regular Associates visiting ICTP in 1987...... 1 37 8. Number of man/months...... 291.29 . 9 Average duratio f stano y ...... 2.13 man/months . 0 1 Numbe f preprinto r s produced...... 9 1 .1

The intellectual benefits which Associates derive from their research period visit at the ICT e numerousPar . Man f theo y m succee publishinn di paperga . This year preprint9 11 , s were prepared by Associate Members, either alone or in collaboration with others (an average of 0.87 papers/Associate against 1 paper/Associate in 1986). Associates ,e ICTPwhilth t a ,e hav n opportunita e o re-orient y t their researcho t , collaborat a distance t a e , once thee bacar y k home, with their colleague f otheo s r developing countries or from industrialized countries or to update their scientific literature and, for many of them o improvt , e their teachin t theia g r home universities.

- SENIOR 2 ASSOCIATES

Some of the former Associates of the ICTP who have acquired an international reputation and/or have distinguished themselves as "entrepreneurs" in their home countries in the research or in academic training, may be appointed Senior Associates of the ICTP upon recommendation of the Scientific Council. The duration of the appointment is 6 years during which they may draw from a fund of 4,000 US$ for each of them which can be used for subsistence and travel in relation to their visit to the ICTP.

58 Senior Associates come to the Centre for various reasons. Some take advantage of their visit r carryinfo s t theiou g r research since then concentratca y n theio e r work being relieved from their administrative duties. Others come for boosting the collaboration between their colleagues and the scientists of the ICTP. Others take advantage of their being in Europe to come to the ICTP in order to attend a workshop or conference which can be interesting for themselves or their collaborators, or to give a seminar. In 1987, the ICTP list of Senior Associates included 36 names from 17 Member States. Eleven Senior Associates representing 6 Member States came for a total of 15.04 man/months. Therefore e averagth , e duratio a researc f o n h s visi41.5wa t 5 days (1.37 man/months). They produced 6 preprints and came from the following geographical areas:

Asia...... 7 Europe...... 1 South America...... 3

3 - JUNIOR ASSOCIATES

Junior Associate selectee sar d among those participant ICTe th Pn i s extended coursed an s workshops who work at institutions in developing countries with poor library facilities. A Junior Associate is appointed for four years and is entitled to a 350 US$ grant for buying scientific books and/or subscribin o scientifit g c periodicals which mus e madb t e availabl o his/het e r colleagues. At the expiration of their appointments, Junior Associates are considered candidates Regulae toth r Associate Membership Scheme. In 1987, 122 scientists held a Junior Associate appointment. Table I shows the distribution of the 122 Junior Associates by field, while Table II shows their distribution by geographical areas.

Table I

Distribution of Junior Associates by Fields

Fundamental physics: Elementary particles...... 4 Condensed Matter: ...... 9 Solid state...... 24 Mathematics: ...... 20 Physic energyd san : Nuclear physics...... 7 Plasma physics...... 3 Renewable energies...... 8 Physic environmentd an s : Climatology/meteorology...... 1 Ecology...... 2 ...... 21 Soil physics...... 9 Physic e livinth f go s state: ...... 5 ...... 1 . Applied physics: Communications physics...... 2 Microprocessors...... ^

TOTAL...... 122

59 Table 11

Distribution of Junior Associates by Geographical Areas

Africa...... 55 Asia...... 5 6 Europe...... ! Indonesi Oceania...... d aan 1 North & Central America...... 4 South America...... 5 TOTAL...... 2 12

4 - FEDERATION AGREEMENTS

As in the past, the ICTP concluded Federation Agreements with institutions in developing countries whereby these institutions may send their scientists to the ICTP for a specified number of days, dependin e locatio th e institutio th n go f no n with respec Triesteo t t limiteA . d numbef o r agreement alss si o concluded with European institutions, mainl Eastern yi n Europe. Federated Institutions are encouraged to send their junior scientists to Trieste when activitie f theio s r interes e takinar t g e ICTPplacth t a .e Scientists from Federated Institutes, therefore, attend extended courses, workshops, conferences or discuss their research projects with ICT Pcomputes it scientiste librard us an d r ysan facilities. terme Th f someAgreemente so th f o t varianca e sar n i e D wit d h an thos C f , typeeo B , sA orde tako t r e particular local conditions into account. Special Agreements are concluded with institutions from Argentina, Brazil, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. The utilization of the resources offered by the Standard Federation Agreements is summarized in Table I.

Table I

Standard Agreements

. 1 Agreements proposed ...... 266 . 2 Agreements signed ...... 229 3. Agreements utilized...... 188 4. Scientists who benefited from the Agreements...... 544 5. Member states which benefited from the Agreements...... 50 6. for a total number of man/months...... 434.03 . 7 Total man/month agreement6 s 18 allocate e th r dsfo utilized...... 544 . 8 Utilization rate...... 79.77

60 For the Special Agreements, the utilization of the resources was as shown in Table II.

Table II

Special Agreements

Institutions # visitors # days Man/months 1. KFAS 22 750 24.66 2. Kuwait University a) from Arab and Islamic Countries 10 545 17.92 7 13 b) from Kuwai 6 t University Fund 4.50 1 3 1 . Islami3 c Republi f Iraco n 1.01 5 2 1 . Universit4 f Qatao y r 0.82 2 40 2 1 5. Argentina 13.22 4 8 1 6. CNPq, Brazil 2.76 7. Arab Bureau of Education, Saudi Arabia 9 282 9.27 2 6 2256 TOTAL 74.1 6

Tabl I showeII s total r Standarsfo Speciad dan l Agreements.

Table III

Type of agreement # Visitors # Man/Months 4 54 Standard 434.03 2 6 Special 74.16 6 60 Total 508.19

Not - e508.1 9 man/month e totas th represenf l o man/month % 13 t r ICTfo s P activities held in Trieste.

61 PHYSICS AND DEVELOPMENT

Title: PHYSIC DEVELOPMEND SAN T PROGRAMME

Dates: Throughout the year.

Organizers: Professor H.R. Dalafi (ICTP).

Purpose: To increase the awareness of scientists of the role of physics in social and economic development, and to inform Third World scientists of potential sources of assistance for physics researc s applicationit d hdevelopmenan e th o st t need f theiso r countries.

Programme:

Lectures were given on: Physics and Development Weekly Programme: an American nuclear physicist looks at the arms race; SDI: "Star Warse strategith - " c defense initiative between physic d sciencan s e fiction; technology and development; the participation of developing countries in space research; e Internationath l Geosphere-Biosphere Programme a forthcomin: g "Megaprogramf o " international scientific cooperation; ionospher r researcfo e d practicaan h l communciationn i s developing countries; the role of scientific networks in the Third World; influence of space processe n technologyo s ; information technolog e Thirth dd Worldan y ; emerging issue f vitao s l importance to both the industrialised and developing countries; the efectiveness of economic and social development policie n developini s g countries technologiew ne ; e thirth d d worldan s e th ; statu f conventionao s l disarmament policy; inspectio d maintenancan n f engineerino e g reliability principle with applications to nuclear ; the role of science in the process of development; the development of interdisciplinary material science in the USA: a case study for developing countries; science educatio developmentd nan ; scienc technologd ean r developmentfo y : concrete examples; international cooperation in science and technology, its significance for developing countries; cultural identit d scientific-technologicaan y l development; Latin American projecf o t metallurgy; science, technology and development; the implications of modern technological changes for the developing countries; institution-building for science and technology policy making in the Third World; general aspects of agrophysics; elements of ground water management: the unsaturated zone; Uppsala programme for research co-operatio with developing countries; technical co-operation with Third World countries: the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency; some contributions of meteorology to development. General Lectures: history of geomagnetic observations in the world; the collections and physicistd thoughtol n a f o s. Colloquium: e physicth f imaginatioo s d creativityan n ; fundamental problem f physicso s , dimensionless constants - symmetry and dynamics; foundations of quantum theory in the light of experimentsw ne , macroscopic quantum effects, neutron interferometry; lighd matteran t , tests of QED, experiments on single atoms, electrons and photons; models of matter, status of fundamental symmetries, C.P.T. neutrinos, monopole tachyonsd an s y Minkowski'wh ; s space time is not sarisfactory for particle physics; Erwin Schrödinger and the revival of his interpretation of quantum mechanics; experiment n gravitationo s e motioe moonth th ; f o n; reminiscenceoe th f early day f quantuo s m mechanics; transmembrane channel d diseasean s ; Riemann surfaced an s discrete groups ; formalisme analysi th e difficltie y th b f t o s ;me s some attempt solutiona r fo s a ; mathematical model for neural networks; the spinorial chessboard; the problem of quark confinement.

62 Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Europe 4 4 North and Central America 1 1 TOTAL 5 5

In addition to these invited lecturers, 30 scientists participating in other programmes also gave lectures.

ICTE TH P DONATION SCHEME

BOOK DONATION PROGRAMME

This scheme was initiated at the Centre some years ago to provide universities in developing countries with books, journals and proceedings. These publications are normally donated to the International Centre for Theoretical Physics by individuals, libraries, publishing companies, international conferences and international organizations in industrialized countries for distribution among librarie developinin s g countries. Within this programme agreemenn a , establishes wa t d with various publishing companies, such as the North-Holland Publishing Company, the World Scientific Publishing Company in Singapore Physicae th wels a s , a l l Societ f Japao y n etc., which have agree provido dt ICTe eth P wit0 surplu15 h s copiel theial f ro s publication r distributiofo s n among librarie n developini s g countries. n 198I e Centr7 th s abl o distributwa t e e 10,000 journals, 12,000 proceedingd an s 10,000 books to more than 400 institutes in 96 developing countries. This programme will hopefull e increaseb y d substantiall e neath rn i yfutur helo t e p more institution developinn i s g countries.

EQUIPMENT DONATION PROGRAMME

This schem s initiate Centre ewa th t purposde a n 198i e th r 4 fo f providineo g laboratories in developing countries with equipment for teaching and research purposes. In the past three years the Centre has been able to help 15 to 20 institutes in developing countries which have received several items of equipment donated by various leading laboratories in Europe within this scheme. The European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN) which have joined this programme on a permanent basis has offered a considerable amount of surplus equipment suitable for teaching and research purposes. r Everthre o seno t o ey dtw tr team yea e f w r o sgues t scientist o t svisi t e CERth r Nfo purpose of selecting and assisting in packing the surplus equipment for laboratories in developing countries. The equipment selected by the visiting team is packed and shipped directly by CERN to laboratories which have extended their specific requests to the Centre. So far, within this programme e havw , e been abl o helt e p various laboratorie e followinth n i s g countries: Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia, Ghana, India, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudad an n Zaire.

63 HOSTED ACTIVITIES

N°______Title______Dates______Organizer______1 Workshop on Scientific and Technological 14-15 May Sincrotrone Trieste Applications of Synchrotron Radiation

2 Initiative Committee of the Internationa! 21-23 May International Foundation for Survival Foundation for Survival

TRAININ RESEARCD GAN ITALIAT HA N LABORATORIES

Dates: Throughout the year.

Organizers: The programme was co-ordinated by Professors G. Furlan (University of Trieste and ICTP, Trieste, Italy), G. Denardo (University of Trieste and ICTP, Trieste, Italy) and E. Tosatti (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, ISAS-SISSA d ICTPan , , Trieste, Italy)n i , collaboration with Advisory Committees in each of the fields concerned. The Italian National Commission for Nuclear and Alternative Energies (ENEA, Rome, Italy) offered a special contribution.

Purpose o givT : e participant n i ICTs P activitie e opportunitth s f widenino y g their experience by becoming directly involved in different with the research work of laboratories at Italian universities, governmental and industrial research centres.

Programme: In 1987, 108 scientists representing 29 developing Member States worked - with grants fro 6 Italiae Centr7 mth n i n - elaboratorie totaa f r 730.1o lfo s 0 man/months. The research subjects included:

Atomic molecular physics and lasers Biophysics Climatology meteorologyand Condensed matter physics Energies Geophysics Medical physics Microprocessors Plasma physics Soil physics

A detailed report is available on request.

Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 20 20 Asia 63 63 Europe 8 8 Nort d Centrahan l America 4 4 South America 13 13 TOTAL 1 08 1 08

64 ACTIVITIES AND SPONSORED PROJECTS OUTSIDE THE ICTP

REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ORGANIZE CENTRE TH Y DB E

Title: MICROCOMPUTERS IN PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS

Plac d Datesan e : Universit f Khartoumo y , 1 MarcSudan3 - h2 2 ,1987 .

Organizer . I.A i Dr (Universit: Al . f Khartoumo y , Sudan), wite co-sponsorshith h e th f po Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy).

Purpose: To equip participants to implement applications of microcomputers in the teaching of physics and mathematics, at the undergraduate level.

Programme: Topics: Practical experienc n i usined writin an g g educational software. Practical experienc n i interfacine g microcomputero t s physics experiments. Lecture applicationn o s f microcomputero s physico t s d an s mathematics, bot traininn hi r researc gfo teachingn i d han . Lecturedevelopmentw ne n so physicsn si , mathematicd san computing, and their relevance to training for research and to physic mathematicd san s teaching.

Lectures were given on: languages and expert systems; Logo - a high level interpreted language; games nature plays (statistical simulations); calculating orbits (rolf o e approximation mechanics)n i s ; dynamic modelling (computer s theory-machines)a s ; interfacd an e control (experiments connecte o BBC)dt ; continuou r discreteo s ? (cellular automata); electronics and interfacing (electronics connected to BBC); science and games (use of games in science education); limit o Newtot s n (chaotic motio classican i n l mechanics); economic game (computer aided decision game); limits of computation?; artificial intelligence and education; Einstein's worl computern o d .

Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 22 22 Europe 2 3 5 TOTAL 24 3 2 7

Title: WORKSHOP ON FABRICATION OF LOW COST LABORATORY EQUIPMENT FOR PHYSICS

Plac d Datesan e : Universit f Dar-es-Salaamo y , Tanzania 3 Apri - l1 , 1987.

65 Organizers: Professo . SaraB r f (Centr r Developmenfo e f o Physict s Education, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India), Dr. E.M. Lushiku and Dr. LK. Shayo (University of Dar- es-Salaam, Tanzania), wite co-sponsorshith h e Dipartimentth f o pa Cooperazion l r pe o e allo Sviluppo (Ministr f Foreigo y n Affairs, Rome, Italyd Swedisan ) h Agenc r Researcfo y - Co h operation with Developing Countries (SAREC, Stockholm, Sweden).

Purpose generato T : e required capabilities among schoo universitd an l y physics teachers f fabricatino t ar e th g n i low-cost laboratory equipment.

Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 34 34 Asia 3 3 TOTAL 37 37

Title: WORKSHOP ON THE APPLICABILITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS AND METEOROLOG AFRICYN I A

Plac d Datesan e : Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 10-21 August 1987.

Organizer: Dr. B. Workalemahu (Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia), with the co- sponsorshi e Dipartimentth f o p a Cooperazionl r pe o e allo Sviluppo (Ministr f Foreigo y n Affairs, Rome, Italy) and other external funding agencies. The local organization was undertaken by the Universit f Addio y se Ethiopia Ababth d aan n National Meteorological Services. This Workshop s propose wa e ICTth Py db Societ f Africao y n Physicist Mathematiciansd san .

Purpose o shoT : w scientist o applt w y ho sthei r skill o helt s p overcome problemn i s agricultural production, drought and desertification, and water and energy supplies.

Programme: Topics: Large scale climate. Water resources. Biomass production.

Lectures were give : introductioon n o atmospherit n c dynamics; physical basif o s atmospheric models; modelling the ocean-atmosphere system; computer requirements for models; data needs for models; principles of radiation transfer; radiation in atmospheric models; observations from satellites; putting satellite data into dynamic models experimenting with simple models; used limitatioan s f GCMsno year 0 day0 d 1-11 10 : an s- s 0 days; predictability of large scale precipitation; measuring area rainfall conventionally; measuring rainfall from satellites; infiltration, evaporatio d run-offan n ; modelling water yields from catchments; measuring soil water; water movement in soil: physical basis and modelling; water use by plants; climate chang e- fact s about rainfall; rainfall data, processin presentationd gan ; CLICOM; photosynthesi d respirationan s ; phenolog - yphysica l contro f developmento l ; modelling crop growth and yield; optimizing irrigation with models; measuring crops in the field; crop monitorin y satelliteb g ; agro-ecological zonin - gcro p selection; climate applications referral system environmental measurements.

66 Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)

World regions Developing Industrialized TOTAL Africa 59 59 Europe 1 6 7 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 1 1 Nort Centrad han l America 1 1 TOTAL 60 8 6 8

REGIONAL ACTIVITIES CO-SPONSORED BY THE CENTRE

A report on the external activities in 1987 is available on request.

In 1987, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics through its Office for External Activities was co-sponsor of 79 activities, as set out in the table below. In addition to that, 5 fellowships for visiting scholars/consultants came into operation.

Africa Burundi 1 Workshop

Egypt 1 Conference 1 Physic mathematicd san s teaching

Ethiopia 1 Training activity

Ghana 1 Physic mathematicd san s teaching

Ivory Coast 1 Training activity 1 Conference 1 Physics and mathematics teaching

Nigeria 1 Workshop

Rwanda 1 Physics and mathematics teaching

Sudan 1 Training activity 1 Physic mathematicd san s teaching

Tanzania 1 Workshop 1 Physic mathematicd san s teaching

Asia China 1 Training activity 3 Workshops 2 Conferences

India 6 Workshops 4 Conferences

Jordan 1 Training activity 1 Workshop

67 Malaysia 1 Conference 1 Physic mathematicd san s teaching

Philippines 1 Conference

Pakistan 1 Training activity 1 Workshop

Singapore 1 Workshop

Sri Lanka 1 Conference 1 Physic mathematicd san s teaching

Thailand 1 Training activity 1 Workshop

West Bank 1 Physic mathematicd san s teaching

Europe Bulgaria 1 Conference

Czechoslovakia 2 Conferences

Turkey 3 Conferences

Yugoslavia 2 Conferences

Nort d Centraan h l America Cuba 1 Conference

Dominican Rep. 1 Workshop

Mexico 1 Training activity 2 Workshops 1 Physics and mathematics teaching

Puerto Rico 1 Workshop

South America Argentina 2 Training Activities 1 Workshops

Brazil 3 Training Activities 2 Workshops 1 Conference

Chile 1 Workshop 2 Conferences

Colombia 3 Training activities 1 Workshops

Ecuador 1 Workshop

Peru 2 Training activities 1 Workshop 1 Physic mathematicd san s teaching

68 PRIZE OTHED SAN R CELEBRATIONS

Annual ICTP Prizes were create Scientifie n 198di th y 2b c Counci Centre th f o n recognitiolei f no outstanding contributions to physics and mathematics by scientists from and working in a developing country. They consist in a medal, a certificate and a 1 000 US$ cheque. One Prize is awarded each year. Until now, the Prizes have been awarded in honour of the late Alfred Kastler (France), Chairman of the Scientific Council from 1970 to 1983, the late Manuel Sandoval Vallarta (Mexico), Nobel Prize 1966 and Chairman of the Scientific Council from 1964 to 1970, Sigvard Eklund (Sweden), Director General Emeritu e Internationath f o s l Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, Vienna, Austria) and Nikolaj N. Bogolubov (USSR), a great friend of the ICTP. Posters announcing the Prizes are circulated through the Centre's mailing list.

ALFRED KASTLER PRIZE

March31 1987

Prof. LI Jia Ming from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was awarded the 1986 ICTP Prize for his outstanding contributions in the field of atomic and molecular physics. He is an expert in the multichannel quantum defect theory (MQTD) and has made significant contributions toward e developmenth s f thio t s theory s maiHi n. achievements include: e establishmenth - e relativistith f o t c versio f MQTDno ; - the application of MQTD to photoionizatin, photodetachment and other processes with a large numbe f gooo r d results; - the establishment of the multiple scattering method for calculating the MQTD physical parameters, namel energe th y y level f moleculao s r Rydberg states; e proposath methoa - f o l measuro dt compressee eth d core densit f high-poweo y r laser imploded spehrical targets; e investigatioth - atomie th f no c shel lequatioe effecth n o tf statno t higea h temperature higd an h pressurapplicatioe th d ean f quantuno m electrodynamic higo st h energy atomic processes.

NIKOLAJ N. BOGOLUBOV PRIZE

7 August 1987

Dr. Abdullah Sadi f Pakistao q s honourewa n n recognitioi d s contributionhi f o n o t s scientific knowledge in the field of solid state physics. His diverse research interests in condensed matter physics have included Ising models, correlated percolatio s relationit d nan o st spin glass transitio d lonan ng chain polymers s beeha n e e areactivH . th f compute o an i e r simulatio f physicao n l s systemcurrenhi d tan s studies e kineticrelatth o f t eirreversiblo s e chemical processes. Dr. Sadiq is a staff member of the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technolog Rawalpindin i y , Pakistan.

69 DIRAC MEDALS

8 August 1987

To honour one of the greatest physicists this century and a staunch friend of the Centre, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics has instituted two Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac Medals. These Medals are awarded yearly both to a senior and to a younger physicist, on Dirac's birthday - 8 August - for contributions to theoretical physics. e selectioTh n committee includes Professor . LundqvistS s . MarshakR , . SchwingerJ , . L , Van Hove, S. Weinberg and Abdus Salam. The Dirac Medals are not awarded to Nobel Prize of Wolf Foundation Prize winners. The 1987 Medals were awarded to Professor Bruno Zumlno and Professor Brycs S. DeWIt r theifo t r outstanding contribution theoreticao t s l physics. Prof. Bruno Zumlno has been for the last twenty years one of the leading experts in field theory. Together with Prof. , he has made fundamental contributions to the study of chiral anomalies in gauge theories with fermions. Also in collaboration with Prof. Wess, he proposed the first renormalizable Lagrangian field theories to realize supersymmetry in 4- dimensional space-time. With Prof. Stanley Dese e constructee firsh rth tf o supergravit e don y theorie foun i s r dimensions addition I . thio nt s important earl ybees workha leade na e e th h , n i r applicatio f moderno n geometrical idea fieln si d theory particulan I illuminates . ha e h r role dth e of Kahler geometr n extendei y d supergravities and, more generally e valuth ,f differentiao e l geometric method stude th f anomalieso yn i s . Prof. Bryce S. DeWItt has made fundamental contributions to the study of classical and quantum gravity and non-Abelian gauge theory. His pioneering work with quantum, effective action underlies much of the modern formalism. Particularly important are the background field method whic inventede methodologh e th d an , f ghosyo t loop gaugn si e theory, mucd whicdi e hhh to develop s namHi .s associate i e d witWheeler-DeWite hth t equation, which provide e basith s s for most work quantun o m cosmology witd Schwinger-DeWite an hth , t expansion, whic widels hi y use studyinn di g field theorie curven i s d space-tim strinn i d ge an theor y computations.

70 PART HI

PUBLICATIONS ISSUED IN 1987

N Date Title of Proceedings Publisher Pages Novembe4 1 1 3 - r Perspectives in Communications World Scientific 1,482 December 1983 Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore (WSPC)

2 10-12 June 1985 Tests of Electroweak Theories, WSPC 461 Polarized Processes Otherand Phenomena

3 17-21 June 1985 Fourth Marcel Grossmann North Holland, The 1,862 Meeting Generaln o Relativity Neterlands

4 2-20 September Conference and Workshop on the WSPC 551 1985 Physics Nonconventionalof Energy Sources Materialand Science Energyfor 5 17 February - 21 Applications in Nuclear Data and WSPC 994 March 1986 Reactor Physics

6 7-15 April 1986 Supergravity, Supersymmetry WSPC 565 and Supersirings

7 17-20 June 1986 and Quantum Chaos/Structure and Physica Scripta,9 Swede19 n 1-5 September 1986 Complexity

8 24-27 June 1986 Dynamical Screening and Physica Scripta 167 Spectroscopy of Surfaces

9 30 June - 4 July RelatMstic Many-body Problems Physica Scripta 228 1986

Jun0 Augus5 3 1 e- 1 0 t Superstrings, Unified Theories WSPC 464 1986 and Cosmology, ICTP Series, Vol. 3

1 1 5-8 July 1987 High Temperature WSPC 508 Superconductors

71 PREPRINT INTERNAD SAN L REPORTS

Number of preprints and internal reports issued in 1987: 421

PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS

Authors Title ICTP Serial Number 1. A.O. Barut, Classical modeDirae th f co l electron ni 1 . PavsiM c curved space

. 2 A.O. Barut, realizatiow Ane f dynamicano l groupd san A. Inomata, factorization method R. Wilson

3. A.O. Barut, Algebraic treatment of second Pöschi-Teller A. Inomata, Morse-Rose Eckard nan t equations R. Wilson

4. A.O. Barut, Classical and quantum 'EPR'-spin M. Bozic correlation e tripleth n i ts state

5. A.O. Barut, Relativistic theory of spontaneous emission Y.I. Salamin

6. E. Bergshoeff, Supermembranes and eleven dimensional 1 0 E. Sezgin, supergravity P.K. Townsend

7. E. Bergshoeff, The Born-lnfeld action from conformai 1 1 E. Sezgin, invarianc e opeth f neo superstring C.N. Pope, P.K. Townsend

8. A. Yu. Ignatiev, Is small violatio e Paulth f ino principle 13 V.A. Kuzmin possible?

. 9 M.I. Doroliubov, A search for light photino in neutral pion 14 . IgnatievAYu . , decays V.A. Matveev

10. I.I. Tkachev Astrophysical axionic lasers 15

1 1. Chuan-jie Zhu, New BRST quantization of the bosonic string 17 Yu-jie Zhu, and string field theory , KeWu Yuang-zhong Zhang

12. M. Caréna, Non-Abelian theory for massive vector 19 C. Wagner, boson canonicad san l quantization L. Masperi

72 . A.O13 . Barut, Tunnellin f neutrago l particle2 spi1/ n- s 21 M. ßozic, through magnetic fields Z. Marie, H. Rauch

14. N.G. Kozimirov, Grand unified theorie cosen si t space 26 I.I. Tkachev dimensional reduction

15. A.O. Barut, Quantization of the classical relativistic 28 M. Pavsic Zitterbewegung in the Schrödinger picture

16. A.Y. Shiekh Canonical transformation quantun si m 39 mechanics (A canonically invariant discretization prescription for the path integral)

. BergshoeffE . 17 , An off-shell R^-actiox si n ni 40 M. Rakowski dimensions

. J.P18 . Dowling e mathematicTh e Casimith f o s r effect 41

19. G.Thompson, A gauge principle yielding consistent chiral 42 R. Zhang theories

20. A.Y. Shiekh Deriving the path integral from the operator 47 formalism

21. P.D. Jarvis, Generalized Slavnov-Taylor, BRSd Tan 52 G. Thompson covariance identities fro e geometrmth f o y the gauge surface (Corrigendum)

. ShintanM . 22 i A bridge between wea strond kan g coupling 53 regions: BRS symmetries as a guiding principle

. I.Ya23 . Aref'eva, invariance and string field 61 I.V. Volovich theory

. I.Ya24 . Aref'eva, Closed string fields as parameters of extra 62 L.O. Chekhov gauge symmetr f opeo y n string field theory

25. B. Aneva Non-relativistic supersymmetr d gaugan y e 65 invariance

. AnevaB . 26 , On the of a non- 66 . BoshilovP , relativistic superparticle D. Stoyanov

27. J.A. De Azcarraga, Superalgebras with Grassmann algebra- 68 . LukierskJ i valued structure constants from superfields

. JaskolskiZ . 28 , The relation between Polyakov's and 70 M. Klimek, Fradkin's path integrals for bosonic string L. Rytel

29. R.E. Kallosh Quantization of Green-Schwarz superstring 71

73 30. S.B. Khadkikar, Confinement models for 73 P.C. Vinodkumar

31. M.J. Duff, Semiclassical quantization of the 74 T. Inami, supermembrane C.N. Pope, . SezginE , K.S. Stelle

. KalitzinS . 32 , Multi- solutions in the harmonic 75 E. Sokatchev approac self-duao ht l Yang-Mills equations

33. S. Boukraa algebrS freBR a f e ao differentiaTh l 82 algebra

34. A.O. Barut, A universal law for the increase of hadronic 83 S. Boukraa cross sections at high energies

35. G. Aldazabal, Non-linear sigma model arbitrarn o s y genus 89 A.H. Diaz, Riemann surfaces R.B. Zhang

36. G.G. Ghirardi, The puzzling entanglement of Schrödinger's 96 A. Rimini, wave functions . WebeT r

37. E. Bergshoeff, Hamiltonian formulation of the 107 E. Sezgin, supermembrane Y. Tanii

38. A.O. Barut, Path integratio a Hamilton-Jacobnvi i 114 l.H. Duru coordinates and application to tunnelling

39. G.G. Ghirardi, disentanglemenOe nth f quantuo t m wave 115 A. Rimini, functions: Answe commena o t r "Unifien o t d T. Weber dynamics for microscopic and macroscopic systems"

40. Y.A. Verdiyev Non-local representations of the current 118 group SU(1.1) d invarianan ^ t vertex operators in dual-resonance models

41. R. Delbourgo, Massive Yang-Mills theory: 119 S. Twisk, Renormalizability versus unitarity G. Thompson

. HokkyN . o42 Radiationless Zitterbewegun f Dirao g c 120 particles and mass formula

43. A. Delia Selva, Comparison of quantization methods for 131 L. Masperi, anomalous chiral models G. Thompson

44. A.O. Barut, Exact solutions of the Dirac equation in 132 I.H. Duru spatially flat Robertson-Walker space-times

45. M. Rakowski, On the associativity anomaly in open string 155 G. Thompson field theory

74 46. V.S. Fadin, Large B°-B° mixing and physics of the heavy 156 V.A. Khoze, t-quark N.G. Uraltsev

47. A.O. Barut Combining relativity and quantum mechanics 157 and Schrödinger's interpretation of \|/

48. A.O. Barut, Neutrino magnetic moment and the solar 158 M. Bozic neutrino problem

Ahme. E . d49 Temperature and the critical dimension of 160 string

50. U.L Ginzburg High-temperature superconductivity (An 164 overview)

51. A.O. Barut, Passage of relativistic magnetic dipole 168 M. Bozic moments through magnetic fields

52. S.N. Biswas, Thermo-field dynamic d parastatisticaan s l 171 A. Das mechanics

. HoodbhoP . 53 y Measuring the QCD coupling constant

54. M.D. Scadron, Simple theor f non-leptonio y c decays 180 S.R. Choudhury

. G.E.Taube55 r Cosmology in an N-dimensional vector space 181

. RaychaudhurA . 56 i CP-violation and mixing in a superstring 184 inspired model

57. A.O. Barut calculate w n fundamentae Ca eth l 187 dimensionless constant f physicso s ?

. DasA . , 58 String loop BRS e effecth n To t charge 190 H. Nishino

. BacrH . y 59 The position operator revisited 195

60. A.E. Hassouni, Hyperkähler metric harmonid an s c 205 T. Lhallabi, superspace E.G. Oudrhiri-Safiani, E.H. Saldi

61. Chao-Shang Huang, Spinning string model groun so p manifolds 208 Wei-Dong Zhao, with twisted boundary conditions Zhi-Yong Zhao

62. A.O. Barut, Relativistic theory of the Lamb shift based 210 Y.I. Salamin on self energy

. Z.Z63 . Aydin, Euclidean supersymmetry and relativistic 212 A.D. Yilmazer two-body systems

75 64. A. El Hassouni, HyperKähler properties of hypermultiplet 221 T. Lhallabi, theory E. G. Oudrhiri-Safiani, E.H. Saidi

. Zhong-Q65 , Ma i Levinson's theorem for non-local 223 An-Ying Dai interactions

66. Guang-Jiong Ni, lowee upped Th an r r boundmase th f n so s o 226 Sen-Yue Lou, Higgs boso SU(2n i ) gauge theory Su-Qing Cheng

. V.A67 . Fateev, The models of two-dimension.il conformai 238

S.L. Lykyanov quantum field theory with Zn-symmetry

. A.EI-Tahi68 r R2-model of strong gravity 241

69. A. EI-Tahir A generalized metric of gravitation 242

. EI-TahiA . 70 r A generalized variational principle of 243 gravitation

71. A.O. Barut based on self- 248 energy

. G.E.Taube72 r Canonical formalis equationd man f motioso n 251 for spinning particl generaln i e relativity

73. W.A. Ponce, Simple unification 252 A. Zepeda

. EI-HassouniA . 74 , HyperKähler metrics building in the 1+3 254 T. Lhallabi, representation. The Taub-Nut case E.G. Oudrhiri-Safiani, E.H. Saidi

75. E. Bergshoeff, Properties of the supermembrane theory 255 E. Sezgin, P.K. Townsend

. GhermanO . 76 , Massless chiral families in superstring 258 V. Harabor, theory L. Saliu

77. M. Jameel Quasi-linearization and three-dimensional 259 oscillators

78. M. Hortaçsu A quantization scheme for scale invariant 263 gauge theories

79. GamboaJ . , A generic action for strings 265 V. Tapia

80. G.T. Tauber Inhomogeneities in a Friedmann universe 267

76 81. K. Kabir, Pion condensation in symmetric nuclear 274 . SahaS , matter L M. Nath

. A.H82 . Cook Electromagnetic interaction n relativistii s c 275 systems of many bodies

. A.M83 . Cook Symmetry and separation of Dirac's 276 operato extensios it d an r n

84. A.H. Cook basie th f moleculaso n O r orbitalr sfo 277 relativistic bound system f manso y bodies

. HortaçsM . 85 u Another schem r quantizatioefo f scalno e 283 invariant gauge theories

Yuan-Zhon86. g Zhang, Gravitational redshift of self-gravitating 286 Ke-Jian Ji n systems of dark matter in the universe

. K.G87 . Akdeniz, Eigenmode r fluctuationfo s s aboue th t 291 C. Dane, classical solution generalizee th n i s d . HortaçsM u Liouville equation

88. B.V. Baby, On non-linear equations admitting soliton 294 A.O. Barut solutions

. GambaoJ . 89 , Ground state representation and the square 296 . ZanellJ i bosonie th roo f o t c string

90. T. Lhallabi, Two-dimensional untwisted (4,4), twisted 300 E.H. Saidi (4,4) and chiral supersymmetric non-linear a-models

. W.A91 . Ponce, SU(7) electroweak 301 A. Zepeda

92. E.H. Saidi Twiste (4,42 = )d supersymmetric non- 306 linear o-models are specified by one HyperKähler potential

93. S. Randjbar-Daemi, Introductio o strint n g theory 307 . StrathdeJ e

. A.Y94 . Shiekh The trivialization of constraints in the 314 quantum theory (Working in a general gauge/parametrization)

95. G. Aldazabal, Intrinsic-normal-ordered vertex operators 319 M. Bonini, from the multiloop N- amplitude R. lengo, C. Nunez

96. T. Saito, Holomorphic geometr f interactino y g string 320 KeWu

97. H.H. Borzeszkowski Planck's orders of magnitude and the limits 321 of the quantum gravity conception

77 . TaniY . i 98 One-loop amplitudes and divergences in 324 unoriented string theories

99. A.O. Barut, Kaluza-Klein approach to the classical model 326 M. Pavsic e Diraoth f c electron

i MiaL . o 100 Holomorphic structure of closed strings: Left 329 moving sector

101. Y.A. Hamam, 0(5) x U(1) electroweak gauge theory and 332 M. Samiullah the n mattei s r

102. M. Samiullah 0(5) x U(1) electroweak gauge theory and 356 the relevance of the Cabibbo angle in CP violation

103. Y. Tanii Low energy limit of parity-violating 361 amplitude anomald san y cancellationn si type-! superstring

104. J.G. Taylor Recent developments in the light-cone gauge 370 approac superstringo ht s

105. N. Paver, Rol f curreneo t algebrB n ai 375 Riazuddin

. JayaramanT . 106 , Gluing operation holomorphid san c conformai 380 K.S. Narain field theorie Riemann so n surfaces

107. A.H. Diaz, A note on Kallosh's quantization proposal 387 J. Zanelli

108. E.R. Nissimov, Super-Poincaré covariant canonical 389 S.J. Pacheva formulatio f superparticleo n d Greenan s - Schwarz superstrings

109. E.R. Nissimov, Manifestly super-Poincaré covariant 390 S.J. Pacheva quantization of the Green-Schwarz superstring

110. A. Restuccia, On closure of the light-cone gauge closed 393 J.G. Taylor superstring algebra

111. BI.P. Damyanov Asymptotic functions of many variables and 394 singular operations with Schwarz distributions

. RestucciaA 112. , e Oinfinitienth f closeo s d superstring 396 J.G. Taylor amplitudes

113. M.I. Wanas Electromagnetic origi f masso n classicaA " : l 397 approach"

. 1S.I14 . Azakov Colourless quark-gluon gas in the large No- 398 limit

78 115. V. de Alfaro, Operator ordering and supersymmetry (An 399 S. Fubini, old problem becomes new!) G. Furlan, M. Roncadelli

116. lengoR . , Fermionizatio f chirao n l string determinants 401 B. Ivanov in factorizable metrics

117. Abdus Salam Particle Physics (1987) 402

118. A.M. Diaz The non-Abelian antisymmetric tensor field 403 re-visited

119. A.M. Diaz, On the dynamical mass generation in gauge- 404 U.A. Helayel-Neto, invariant non-linear o-models A. William Smith

120. A. Andrianov, Spectrometr f quard o y an k D stateQC n si 406 V. Novozhilov, roots for effective Lagrangians V. Andrianov, Yu. Novozhilov

121. G.H. Derrick Complete orthonormal sets on the past light 410 cone - II: Functions belonging to spin 1/2 and non-zero rest mass

122. V. Andrianov, Scalar in the -soliton 411 . NovozhiloV v formation

123. A.A. Andrianov, Pauli fermion components sa 2 = N f so 412 M.V. loffe supersymmetrical quantum mechanics

. Aldazabal124G . , Superstring vertex operators and scattering 414 M. Bonini, amplitude arbitrarn o s y Riemann surfaces R. lengo, . NuneC z

125. S.I. Azakov, Effective hadronic Lagrangian in the strong- 415 E.S. Aliev coupling expansio f lattic no witD heQC Susskind fermions

126. E.R. Nissimov, Harmonic superstrings and covariant 420 S.J. Pacheva, quantizatio e Green-Schwarth f no z S. Solomon superstrings

127. M. Huq covariann O t quantizatio f massivno e 422 superparticle

128. G.C. Ghirardi, Experiment e EPR-typth f o s e involvin- gCP 423 R. Grassi, violation do not allow faster-than-light A. Rimini, communcation between distant observers T. Weber

79 PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

Authors Title ICTP Serial Number . 1 Lin-Jian-Cheng Charge density wave scattere y singldb e 6 impurity

. 2 K.K. Singh Scalin grossoved gan fermioa n i r n boson 12 mixture

. 3 Yong-Liang Wang The calculation of deep levels in 18 semiconductor y usinsb recursioga n method for super-cells

4. Teng Da, Photoreflectanc f GaAs/AÜGaAo e s multiple 20 Zhuang Weihua, quantum wells Sun Dianzhao, Jiang Desheng

5. M.J. Ponnambalam Effects of a cubically symmetric electron 22 density on the field gradient in cubic metal alloys

. 6 Zhang-Yon, gDe New application of boson's coherent states of 27 Yongn Re , double medoe t regulasa r product Fan Hongyi

. 7 Wang Yong-Liang, A local environment approach for deep-level 33 U. Lindefeit defects in semiconductors: application to the vacancy in silicon

. 8 M.P. Das, Adhesive forces at bimetallic interfaces 34 H.R. Kaschner, N. Nafari, P. Ziesche

. 9 M.P. Das, Comments on phase-space approach to the 35 G. Ananthakrishna density functional calculations of Compton profiles

. ZhangYong-D10 e e neutron'Th s Dirac equation s rigorouit : s 38 solutio t slab-likna e magnetic fields; non- relativistic approximation; energy spectra and statistical characteristics

. 11AkdenizZ . , Stability of chlorocomplexes in molten salt 45 M.P. Tosi mixture screening-controllea s a s d chemical equilibrium

Jian-Chenn Li . 12 g Inverse scattering with mixed spectrum 55 from 5-potentials

13. Lin Jian-Cheng A generalized mode r sitfo le percolation with 63 two independent concentrations

80 14. C.Z.Wang, Molecular dynamics theory of the 64 E. Tosatti, temperature-dependent surface phononf so . FasolinA o W(001)

. M.P15 s Da . Density functional theory and electronic 72 structure

. MukhopadhyaG . 16 y Dynamical local field facto unifora f o r m 76 electron liquid

. Nguye17 n Toan Thang, Deca f Wannier-Moto y t excitons interacting 77 Nguyen Ai Viet, with acoustic phono semi-conductorn ni s Nguyen Hong Quang with a degenerate valence band

18. Nguyen Toan Thang, Interband electronic Raman scattering of 78 Nguye i VielnA , polarized ligh cubin i t c semiconductors with Nguyen Hong Quang degenerate valence bands

19. Nguyen Toan Thang, Fine structur energd ean y spectruf mo 79 Nguyen Ai Viet, in direct band gap cubic Nguyen Hong Quang semiconductors with degenerate valence bands

20. Nguyen Ai Viet, Theory of two-photon absorption by exciton 80 Nguyen Toan Thang state cubin i s c semiconductors with degenerate valence bands

. MukhopadhyaP . 21 y Study of relaxation processes and uniaxial 81 anisotropy in the europium gallium garnet epitaxial films

22. Hoang Ngoc Cam, Plasmon side-band gaie th n n si spectru f mo 88 Nguye Hieun nVa , an electron-hole plasma Nguyen Ai Viet

. S.H23 . Kandil, Inhomogeneous strain induce fasy db t neutron 90 M.E. Kassem, irradiation in NaKSO4 crystals A. EI-Khatib, M.A. EI-Gamal, E.F. El-Wahidy

24. M.D. Migahed, On the mechanism of DC conductor/ in ABS 91 M. Hammam, copolymer thin films M.T.A. Ahmed

. MikusikP . 25 , Influence of argon ion sputtering and 92 S. Bililign annealing on the surface composition of amorphous alloy Fe4rjNi4nSi4Bi6 by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy

26. S.M. Mujibur Rahman Phase stability of randon brasses: pseudo- 97 potential theory revisited

27. Su Zhao-Bin, Soliton and polaron dynamics in conducting 104 YuLu polymers

. Yu.S28 . Nechaev, Diffusion and solubility of some interstitial 116 B.B. Kidane impurities in deformed metals

81 29. A. Sadiq, Time evolution of an irreversible 121 K. Yaldram recombination process

30. Tian De-Cheng, Lattice theory of fracture of solids with 124 Xu Yin-Hua, layered structure Li Guo-Ming, Guan Wei-Ho

31. J. Chela-Flores, A phenomenological approac higo ht c oxidhT e 125 M.P. Das, superconductors A.G. Saif

. IqbaM . l Ansar32 i The precipitation study by electrical 135 resistivity measurement in Ni-AL alloys

33. A. Pawelek On the possibility of the soliton description 136 of acoustic emission during plastic deformatio f crystalo n s

34. Zhu Huilong, abnormae Th l diffusio f vacancieno n i s 138 Huang Zuqia metals

. G.D35 . Nigam Derivation of space groups in mm2, 222 and 139 mmm crystal classes

36. A.R. Bishop, Non-linear effects in low-dimensional 144 C. Kawabata, magnetism: solitons and vortices F.G. Mertens, G.M. Wysin

37. G. Mukhopadhyay On the dynamical local field factor of a 148 uniform electron liquid

38. G.K. Johri, Electrical double laye f metalo r waten i s r 149 G. lernetti irradiate y higb d h intensity pulsed ultrasonic field

. S.J39 . Zhou, An image force expression for the 152 C.W. Lung dislocation nea craca r k

. Vik.S40 . Dotsenko Toward a renormalizatios n group theorf o y 154 spin glasses

41. Tian De-Cheng, Effec f structurao t l relaxatio f metallio n c 159 Xiong Liang-Yue, glasses on positron annihilation parameters Tang Zhong-Xun, Xu Yin-Hua

42. M.S. Mousa Stud f fielo y d induced hot-electron emission 161 using the composite microemitters with varying dielectric layer thickness

. Bulaevskii43LN . , Properties of strong coupled 163 O.V. Dolgov, superconductors M.O. Ptitsyn

44. L.B. loffe, two-dimensionae Th l Hubbard model with 169 A.I. Larkin strong electron repulsion

82 . K.T45 . Stoychev Power spectra and dispersion curves of one- 170 d two-phonoan n surface with damping

. Feigel'manM . 46 , Superconductive analogu f spieo n glasses 173 L. loffe, A. Larkin, V. Vinokur

. AposloM . 47 l Possible mechanism for high-temperature 174 superconductivit e Ba(Sr)-La(Y)-Cu-th n i y O systems

48. F.T. Refai, developmenmodee L th r RC fo ln A f o t 175 L.N. Shehata hysteresis in superconductors

49. I. Dzyaloshinskii Van Hove singularities revisited 178

. M.P50 . Das, Fluctuations of order parameters in the Tc 179 A.G. Saif superconductors

51. S. Sankar, On the positron-trapping states of metal 192 K. lyakutti mono-vacancies

52. R. Perez-Alvarez, Optical absorption coefficien n cylindricai t l 196 P. Pajon-Suaraz quantum wells

53. V.E. Korepin Dual field formulation of quantum integrable 197 models

. Gon54 g Xin-Gao, Electronic structur f ligho e t impuritie- a n i s 198 Zeng Zhi, Fe and V Zheng Qing-Qi

. MalchowH . 55 , Bistability, electric potential d sensoan s r 199 . FelbeF r behaviour in an enzymatic reaction system

56. J.E. Ure, Spectral properties and scaling relations in 200 N. Majlis off diagonal disordered chains

57. Lin Jian-Cheng Gaussian approximation for partition function 201 in disordered system

. A.P58 . Braginskyi, theoreticae th n O l aspect f AE-graphso y 203 S.P. Efimenko, A.M. Kurbatov, A. K. Zdan'sky

59. E. Tosatti Theor f surfaco y e meltin d non-meltingan g 204

60. P. Vargas Tight-binding using the recursion method 209

61. E. Miranda f spin-glas,o e us e sth conceptn O randon si m 213 N. Parga automata networks

. LagosM . ,62 Closed-form solution highle th r ysfo 215 G.G. Cabrera anisotropic antiferromagnetic chain

83 . Z.B63 , .Su Hole pairing induced by antiferromagnetic 217 Yu Lu, spin fluctuations J.M. Dong, E. Tosatti

64. M. Steslicka, Theoretical investigatio f imago n e statef o s 218 M. Zagorski, hydrogee th n covered Cu(100) L. Jurczyszyn

65. A.R. Hassan Phonon-assisted two-photon exciton 219 transitions in semiconductors

66. A.R. Hassan Direc d indirecan t t two-photcn excitonic 220 transitions in solids

. SabeM . r 67 The dilute spin-one Ising model with both 224 bilinea biquadratid an r c exchange interactions

68. A. Elkenz, Mean field renormalization group for the 228 M. Saber bond dilute spin-1 Ising model

. Hon69 g Chen, Effective mas approximation for tunnelling 229 Xiang Wu states for dissipation

70. Xu Zhi Zhong A method for calculation of momentum 230 matrix element in tight-binding approach

71. M. Zafar Iqbal, Multiphoton transition n semiconductori s n i s 231 A.R. Hassan the non-perturbative approach

. Huan72 g Ming High-order perturbation R formulEP r fo a 232 trigonal symmetricn gj-valuio ® d f eo

. D.I73 . Marvakov, approacw Ne theore th f o Heisenberht o y g 234 L KuzemskA. y antiferromagne t finita t e temperatures

. BreziniA . 74 , Effects of electron-electron interactions on 236 M. Sebbani the nature of the eigenstates in amorphous materials

75. M. EI-Hasan, Electronic structure of NaSn 239 M. Tomak

. Zho76 u Yi-Yang, Theoretica spectrR l studEP f Cun ai o y - 240 2+ Zhao Min-Guang and Mn2+-doped CaUd(CH3COO)4 • 6H2Û

77. L.K. Dong, A geometric gauge theory of metric defects 244 H.Y. Zhang, C.W. Lung

. P.G78 . Dzhavakhidze, The structure of the interface in the solvent 245 A.A. Kornyshev, mediated interactio f dipolao n r surfaces V.G. Levadny

79. M.K l Mously.E , Pseudobinary glassy compositions (AsSex)i. 246

n De M.B l E . y(AsTex)y

84 80. S.C. Yan A mode f anelastio l c relaxation associated 249 with polygonization boundaries

. S.M81 . Mujibur Rahman Pair potential tren f alkaldo i metals under 257 external pressure

. LopeE . z 82 Carranza, ESR datin quaternarga y travertine 260 . AmosseJ , . QuirozA , R. Bouchez

. Xiong83LY . , A mode r positrofo l n trappin detrappind gan g 262 C.W. Lung t dislocationa jogd san s

84. D. Lovric, Sum rule r surfacsfo adsorbatd ean e 264 B. Gumhalter electronic excitations and Van der Waals scatterin t surfacea g s

85. Huang Ming Determinatio a-LiOs:Cre th f no 3+ crystal 266 structuropticad an R l espectruEP fro e mth m

86. N. Nafari, A model for bimetallic interfaces (II) 268 M.P. Das

. Jia87 n Yuan, Localizatio n superlatticei n s with 270 Chien-Hua Tsai randomnes layen i s r thickness

88. M.pe Dios Ley va ,bane th dn offseO PbTe-PbEuSeTn i t e 271 A.M. Rodriguez quantum wells

89. A.M. Okaz, Thermal conductivity of UKSO4 near its 272 S.M. Mahmoud, high-temperature phase transition M.E. Kassem

90. l. Kirschner, Superconductivity, structure, ESR and Sims- 273 T. Porjesz, analysi higha f o s- H. Beyer, TcYo.33Bao.67Cu2.33O3.67-6 compound J. Giber, . KoreczL , Gy. Kovacs, G. Zsolt, . KarmanT , J. Bankuti, . CsordasL , K.G.-Solymos, L. Bognar, N. Sükösd-Rozlosnik, Gy. Lovas, l. Vajasdy-Perczel, K. Josepovits

91. T. Porjesz, Anomalous dependence of the thermoelectric 278 . KarmanT , temperature poweth n o r Y-Ba-Cu-n ei O high

l. Kirschner, c superconductinT g samples Gy. Kovacs, G. Zsolt, . BeyeH r

85 92. A.M. Nassar, Temperature independent time exponent 279 A.S. Taha, factor in copper recrystallization process K.A. Ragab, S.M. EI-Mossalamy

93. J. Chela-Flores, Phenomenological approach to the 280 A.G. Saif, coexistenc f planao e r antiferromagnetism

L.N. Shehata with hig c type-lhT l superconductivity

94. J. Chela-Flores, A new quantum interferometer effect in 281 L.N. Shehata superconducting oxide ceramics

95. YunZhu, A system suitabl r observinefo g surface 284 Shengshan Cai, plasmon in a semi-infinite semiconductor Shixun Zhou superlattice

. BenyoussefA . 96 , The dilute random field Ising model by finite 288 M. Saber cluster approximation

97. B. Cabric, Localized excitations in one-dimensional 289 L.J. Ristovski molecular crystals with structural defect

. O.K98 . Chaturvedi, Mode coupling analysis of coherent quasi- 292 M.P. Tosi elastic neutron scattering from fluorite-type materials approaching the superionic transition

. AkdenizZ . 99 , Classificatio f stabilito n r tetrahedrafo y l 293 Wang Li, halo-complexes in molten salt mixtures M.P. Tosi

100. A. El Kenz Finite cluster renormalization group for 295 disordered two-dimensional systems

101. Y.M, .Yi Meltin monatomiD 2 f go c solids: Lennard- 297 o Qu . ZC Jones system

102. A.G. Saif Magnetistatistics of anisotropic 298 superconducting ellipsoid

. A.G103 . Saif e behaviouTh vortee th f o xr statn ei 299 magnetic superconductors

104. A.G. Saif Theoretical model of high temperature 308 superconductors

105. A.G. Saif Behaviou d hysteresian r s lossef o s 309 irreversible type-ll superconducing cylindrical shell

. S.D106 . Conradson, Charge density waves and local states in 315 M.A. Stroud, quasi-one-dimensional mixed valence M.H. Zietlow, inorganic complexes B.I. Swanson, D. Baeriswyl, A.R. Bishop

86 107. C.R. Garibotti, Singularities in the non-isotropic Boltzmann 317 M.L. Martiarena, equation D. Zanette

108. R.E. Bolmaro, Elastic and anelastic behaviour of icosahedral 318 . PovolF o quasicrystals

. Allu109R .b Mean-field hopping solutio Andersone th n ni - 322 Hubbard model

110. Du Mao Lu, Gyromagnetic factor and spin-orbit coupling 323 Zhao Min-Guang ) oI f , LiganBr , CsVXn di C1 = X s(

111. E.J. Savino The influence of local volume forces on 325 surface relaxatio f purno e metal alloysd an s . Applications to Ni, AI, NI3AL

11 2. B.A. Oli An inverse scattering approace th o ht 327 physic f transitioo s n metals

Jian-Chenn 113Li . g Green's function approach to roughening 331 transition of one-dimensional restricted solid on solid model

114. Nguye Khain nVa , methow Ane r preparatiodfo f (Cdno , Hg)Te 336 i PhuongHoTh , thin films Nguye Sungn nVa , Hona T g Ngat

Zhengyiu 115X . , The influenc temperature-dependence th f eo e 337 Gu Benyuan, of recombination life-time of free carriers in Dong Bizhen, amorphous semiconductorn so Zhu Meifang thermostimulated photo-current spectra

Wenlanu 116X . , Vibration spectra induced by impurities in 339 S.C. Shen III-V compound semiconductors

1 . 17 A.G . Saif Dependenc f higeo h critical temperaturef o s 343 ceramic superconductor nominae th n so l Cu3+/Cu2+ ratio

118. YuSong Double photon electric dipole and quadrupole 349 absorptio f atomino c hydrogen

119. Xu Zhengyi, Thermostimulated conductivit n amorphoui y s 350 Yang Huaguang, semiconductors with non-exponential density Gu Benyuan of localized states

120. YuSong A summation formula for products of 354 electron radial wave function in constant magnetic field

. 121Perez-AlvarezP . , The ABC matching problem with transfer 357 . Rodriquez-CoppolaH , matrices V.R. Velasco, F. Garcia-Moliner

87 122. R.N. Joarder, Temperature dependenc f entropieeo d san 365 S.M. Mujibur Rahman specific K heat d f liquian so a dN

123. W. Dieterich, Cluster kinetics on surfaces involving 369 M. Yussouff, addition and decomposition via monomers R. Blender, H.L Frisch

124 . CarmeloJ . , Solution of the one-dimensional Hubbard 372 D. Baeriswyl model for arbitrary electron density and large U

125. Perez-AlvarezR . , Transfer matrix in 1D Schrödinger problems 381 H. Rodriquez- with constant and position-dependent mass Coppola

126. Zhi-Hong Ming, Mean field solution of slave boson theory to a 383 Jinming Dong, mixed valence Tm impurity system Tsung-Han Lin

127. R. Perez-Alvarez, Transfer e quasi-classicamatrith n i x l 392 H. Rodriquez- approximation with constant and position- Coppola, dependent mass. Resonant tunneling J. Lopez-Gondar, M. Lago Izquierdo

128. D. Jelcic, Interference effects in the non-linear charge 416 A. Bjelis, density wave dynamics I. Batistic

129. DaeriswylD . , Interchain orde d electron-holan r e photo- 421 K. Maki generatio n trans-polyacetyleni n e

88 PREPRINT INTERNAD SAN L REPORTN SI MATHEMATICS

Authors Title ICTP Serial Number 1. B.V. Baby Symmetries and recursion operators of 4 variable coefficient Korteweg-de Vries equations

2. Duong Minh Due The Poincare inequality for flow domains and its applications

. 3 G.R. Jensei, Harmonically immersed surfaces of RM . RigolM i

. MohammadN . 4 , Best approximations in topological vector 25 A.B. Thaheem spaces

5. Duong Minh Due Coercive propertie f elliptic-parabolio s c 30 operators

6. A.M. Skulimowski A sufficient condition for e-minimality of 31 distance scalarizatiorr procedures

. 7 ChenYunmei The life span of the solutions to Cauchy 32 problems for nonlinear wave equations

. KowalewskA . 8 i Optimal contro f distributeo l d parameter 36 system with boundary condition involvinga time dela initiad an y l priora stat t eno i given i Ta-TseinL . 9 , Initial value problems for nonlinear heat 37 Chen Yunmei equations

. B.V10 . Baby Painlevé property x pairLa ,, auto-Bäcklund 44 transformatio d recursioan n n operatoa f o r perturbed Korteweg-de Vries

11. A.R. Bestman Natural convection radiatina flo f wo g 46 rarefie s betweedga n concentric rotating spheres

12. B.V. Baby Painlevé propert Bäcklund an y d 50 transformatio f SU(2o n ) Yapg-Mills-Higgs system

13. Duong Minh Due Properties of functions in weighted Sobolev 51 spaces

. B.V14 . Baby Wave propagatio slowla n i n y varying 54 medium

. B.V15 . Baby Variable coefficient Korteweg-de Vries 59 equation and travelling waves in an inhomogeneous medium

89 16. J.X. Hong, existencn O nonexistencd ean f someo e 67 J.Qu Li . harmonic maps

. W.Ogan17 a Boundary element solutio transonie th f no c 84 integro-differential equation involving a decay function

. W.Ogan18 a Boundary element solutio transonithe nof c 85 integral equation

19. W.Ogana Boundary element solutio transonie th f no c 86 integro-differential equation

. W.Ogan20 a Transonic integro-differentia d integraan l l 87 equations with artificial viscosity

. G.R21 . Jensen, Harmonic maps, twistor space twistod an s r 95 . RigolM i lifts

. Gomez-MontX . 22 , The index of a holomorphic flow with an 98 I. Seade, isolated singularity A. Verjovsky

. DuongMinhDu23 c Directionally critical value d mountaian s n 105 pass theorem

24. Duong Minh Due Differentiabilit f Urysoo y n operatord an s 108 their applications

. MohammaN . 25 d Theory of pseudo-differential operators over 1 17 C*-algebras

26. A.R. Bestman contaminatioe th n O dimensionao tw f no l 122 confined aquifer y pollutantb s s

27. A.R. Bestman Propagatio f inernio-acoustio n c gravity 123 wave rotatina n si radiatind gan g opaque atmosphere

28. T.D. Todorov Sequential approac Colombeau'o ht s theorf o y 126 generalized functions

. RoyS . , 29 Dispersive water wave equations - A 128 y ChowdhurRo . A y paradigm of Painlevé conjecture

. E.A30 . Hamza The magnetohydrodynamic squeeze field 134

31. ChenYunmei Initial boundary value problems of nonlinear 141 wave equations in an exterior domain

. AzaH d. 32 thire th dn BettO i numbe f somo r e compact 146 homogeneous manifolds

33. H. Azad Homogeneous affine bundles 147

. H.N34 . Bhattarai A note on groups of semi-isomorphisms and 162 isomorphisms associated with semi-linear d lineaan r transformations

90 35. A.E.A. Dabbour Topological K-Kolmogorov groups 165

. GramcheT . 36 v Nonlinear operations in the Sobolev spaces 167

Besoe th d v spacean p H s B regularitd p>qan y s s for the semilinear equations

. A.R37 . Bestman Propagation of linear gravity waves in a 176 relativistic atmosphere

38. A.R. Bestman Nonequilibrium expansion of a radiating gas 177 channea n i f varyino l g section

. A.E.A39 . Dabbour K-Kolmogorov duality theorem 182

40. H. Azad Invariant Kahlerian metrics on An 183

. Hon41 g Jiaxing The regularity of solutions for nonlinear 193 degenerate elliptic boundary value problems

42. S.A. El-Wakil, Radiation transfer through coagulating media 202 E.A. Saad, M. Abdelkrim, M.T. Attia

43. G. Shrestha Some simple application f probabilitso y 21 1 models to birth intervals

44. KonderaJ . k Fibre bundles associated with fields of 214 geometric objects and a structure tensor

. A.G.A.E45 . Abdel- Graph representation f permutatioo s n groups 225 Gawad, I I.M.I. Mahmoud

46. Chen Yunmei The Cauchy problems of nonlinear wave 233 equation thren si foud ean r space dimensions

47. G. Valli Some remarks on geodesies and gauge groups 235 and harmonic maps

48. Duong Minh Due, Compactness of imbedding of Sobolev spaces 237 Le Dung

. EI-QallalA . 49 i On the construction of a class of abundant 261 semigroups

. M.A50 . Mojumder reductiow Ne n formula r Lauricellfo s a 269

function FA and Appell function F2

. E.A51 . Hamza A similar flow between two disks in the 287 presenc magnetia f eo c field

52. A.R. Bestman thermaOe nth l stabilit chemicalla f o y y 302 poroua reactin n i s s gga spher e

91 53 AR Bestman Radiative heat transfer to steady flow of a 304 chemically reacting horizontaa flui n i d l porous channel with variable wall temperature

54 S Majumdar On the homology and the cohomology of 305 certain polycyclic groups

55 MY Balla Approximation of convex bodies by 310 parallelotopes

1 1 3 approacn A structure th o ht Y f Ballquasieo M a -6 5 analytic classes

J Nzotungicimpay 7 5 e Galilei-Newto 2 y symplectib 31 w la n c realization

0 33 buckline th n A f El-SayeO magnetogM o 8 5 d- thermoviscoelastic plate and associated quadratic operator bundle

TodoroD T 9 v5 3 Colombeau'33 s generalized function d san nonstandard analysis

60 Duong Mmh Due Critical values of functional on Banach 344 surfaces

e Besse P OnyangoTh V 61l polynomial5 -34 theid san r differential Otieno operators

P OnyangoV 2 6 - Differentia6 l 34 operators associated with Otieno Gegenbauer polynomial e limit-circlTh I - s e case

63 VP Onyango- Differential operators associated with 347 Otieno Gegenbauer polynomial limie Th t I poinI s- t case

NasiM 64 r Chaudhury Compariso8 34 f certaino n linear mappings between ordered Banach spaces

1 35 MohammadN 62-Banacn 5 O h ,algebra s AH Siddiqu i

66 Chen Yunmei Remark on the global existence for the 353 generalized Benjamm-Bona-Mahony equations in arbitrary dimension

8 MohammadN 35 n inne A 7 6 r produc Banach*-algebra , r fo t a A Verjovsky

68 A EI-Qallali Quasi-adequate semigroups 359

69 e Du Duon h Second-ordegMm 0 36 r parabolic equation r flofo sw domains

MohammaN 0 7 d Algebr f pseudo-differentiao a 6 36 l C*-operators

71 A EI-Qallali Naturally ordered abundant semigroups 367

92 . EI-QallalA . 72 i Abundant semigroups wit multiplicativha e 368 typ transversaA e l

73. A. Uyi Afuwape, Nonlinear perturbation f differentiao s l 371 P. Omari, operators with nontrivial kerned an l F. Zanolin application third-ordeo t s r boundary value problems

74. J.O.C. Ezeilo, Non-resonant oscillations for some third- 374 P. Omari order differential equations - II

. C.O75 . Imoru A remar n inequalitieo k s involving 377 convolutions

76. C.O. Imoru somn O e weighted norm inequalitiea r sfo 378 certain clas f integrao s l operators

. SitaramayyM . 77 a Geometry of convex spaces 382

78. A.R. Bestman, Unsteady hydromagnetic free-convection 384 S.K. Adjepong flow with radiative heat transfera n i , rotating flui: I Incompressibl - d e optically thin fluid

. A.R79 . Bestman, Unsteady hydromagnetic free-convection 385 S.K. Adjepong flow with radiative heat transfer, in a rotating : fluiIncompressiblII d- e optically thin fluid

80. A.R. Bestman, Unsteady hydromagnetic free-convection 386 S.K. Adjepong flow with radiative heat transfea n i r rotating fluid of arbitrary optical thickness

81. M. Rigoli, isotrope th n f compacO o y t minimal surfaces 388 G.R. Jensen in APn

82. T.V. Tonev General complex-analytic structuren i s 408 uniform algebra spectra - A survey

83. He Shan-yu On the general procedure for modelling 409 complex ecological systems

84. S.M.A. Zaida A not completenesn eo categore th f so f yo 417 real functions

85. J.H. Eschenburg, Conformai mapping f surfaceso Cauchyd san - 418 R. Tribuzy Riemann inequalities

93 PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Authors Title ICTP Serial Number 1 . M. Rahman, Strong absorption model analysis of He 23 3 H.M. Sen Gupta, scattering Md.A. Rahman, A.B. Siddique

. 2 H.M Guptan .Se , A study of some (sd)4 shell model states in 24 M.S. Chowdhury, 20F via the 18O (3He,p) reaction F. Watt, M.J. Hurst

. 3 Tang Lin, The study of 90° gamma ray production 48 Zhou Hongyu, cross sections for interactions of 14.9 MeV Yan Yiming, with C, AI, V, Fe, Co, Nb samples Wen Shenlin, Wan, gQi Shuxun Su , Ding Xiaoji, Wang Wanhong

4. C.G. Koutroulos, Relativisti n hypernuclei cA motioe th f o ni 93 M.E. Grypeos phenomenologicad an l analysi bindins it f so g energy

5. L. Fonda, Coherent rotational states, their formation 133 N. Mankoc- and detection Borstnik, M. Rosina

6. Ching Cheung-Rui, Double beta decay 137 Ho Tso-Hsiu, Xing-Rong

7. A. Ansari Intra- and inter-nucleus variations of g 328 factors isotopeO n i s s

. AnsarA . 8 i Structur f Os-Peo t factorg nucle d f an o is 338 186-192QS iso spintopew lo st sa

. 9 Y.J, Oh . Effectd-state th f o se quarknucléoe th n so n 352 K.J. Kong, electric form factors II.T. Cheon

. AmusA . a10 Concerning moderate seniority mixing and 362 the high spin states of some N = 50 isotones

94 PREPRINT INTERNAD SAN L REPORTN I S PLASMA PHYSICS

Authors Title ICTP Serial Number 1. A.R. Piriz Analytic sphericae modeth r fo l l shell 43 implosion drive y heavnb bean io y m

2. A.R. Piriz Interaction of intense ion beams with super- 69 range planar targets

3. Md. Samiullah, Relativistic excitatio f beao n t wavea n i s 94 M.R. Amir, plasma in the presence of an external A.K. Azad, magnetic field A.K. Banerjee

4. N.L. Tsintsadze, On self-focusing of electric helicons 127 M.Y. EI-Ashry, O.P. Garuchava

5. M.Y. EI-Ashry, On the self-trapping of an electromagnetic 129 V.l. Berezhiani, wave in magnetized plasma Sh.D. Pichkhadze

6. A.J. Smith Factors which affect operation of a plasma 140 focus in various gases

7. M.Y. EI-Ashry, Modulational instability of electric helicons 143 N.A. Papuashvili and a magnetized collisional plasma

8. LN. Jha Thermal inhibitio megagausy nb o st fiele ddu 145 variation of electron temperature in laser plasma

. 9 G.S. Lakhina, Nonlinear propagation of Alfven waves in 150 P.K. Shukla cometary plasmas

. P.K10 . Shukla, Kinetic modulational instability of electron 151 G.S. Lakhina cyclotron wave n plasmai s s

. Jha11LN . , Megagauss field variation along axi f wiro s e 153 M.P. Srivastava targe lasen i t r produced plasma

12. M.Y. EI-Ashry, Electron-acoustic wave beam-plasma n i s a 166 R.N. El-Sherief system

13. A.R. Piriz bean Io m driven expansio f super-rangno e 256 multilayer plane targets

14. Y.E. El-Din Gamal Breakdow f moleculano r oxyge y brienb f 285 pulse f laseo s r radiation

95 PREPRINT INTERNAD SAN L REPORTN I S OTHER FIELDS

Authors Title Field ICTP Serial Number DargahiR G 1 - On definition and estimation of wind risk Climatology i g Noubahy

2 G R Dargahi- On application of mean frequency for Geophysics 29 Nouban seismic differentiation

3 WE Senanayake Spatial power spectrum of the geomagnetic Geophysics 49 field since 1945

WaguA 4 e Calculatio e photo-electron'th f no s angular Atomic physics 56

distribution asymmetry parameter ßnear p

e (3S3P)'th P resonance H f eo 2

N Tiwar S y5 Inner-shell excitation of alkali-metal atoms Atomic physics 57

A Teshome 6 , Determinatio f sizo n e distribution function Atomic physics 58 A Spartakove

7 AN Pandey, Electron impact lonization cross-section of Atomic physics 60 R K Sharma some organic compounds

8 AN Pandey, Vlbrational analysi e Ramath f so n spectr f Moleculaao r 99 D R Singh, selenium oxide dihahdes spec roscopy D K Sharma

9 AR Bestman Non-equilibriu equilibriun No m a radiatina mflo f wm o flow s sg ga -|00 vertical channel with axial temperature variation

n No 10 AR Bestman Non-equilibrium dissociatina flo equilibriuf wo n i s mgga (low1 10 s a horizontal channel with axial temperature variation

11 AR Bestman Hydrodynamic stability of a chemically Hydrological proces2 10 s reacting fluid in a porous medium

R BestmaA 12 n Radiative heat transfer to chemically Geomagnetism and 1 03 reacting flow between concentric rotating aeronomy spheres

13 J Chela-Flores Genetic disorder s collectiva s e phenomenQ a IQ Biophysics

14 V Masilamam Evidence r lasefo s r emissio9 n10 fro ticte mth - Lasers exciplex of Coumarm dyes

V Masilama15 m An annotated bibliograph lasen i y r0 i physic | - s Lasers technologd an y

16 K A Mohamed Photofragmentation of water and hydrogen Atomic physics 1 1 -j sulphide in the first continuum - A critical survey

96 . N.S17 . Shakir PIXE and AAS comparison in hair analysis Medical physics 112 for biomédical applications

18. N.S. Shakir A biomédical application of PIXE-studies of Medical Physics 113 trace elements in human hair, in control and hyperactive children

19. H.J. Mo, Cosmic wave function with induced gravity Astrophysics 130 . FanLZ g

. N.S20 . Shakir Applicabilit f PIXo y r multi-elementaEfo l Medical physics 142 analysis in a biomédical application

21. J. Chela-Flores Molecular pathways towards psychiatric Molecula5 r biolog18 y disorders

. Chela-FloreJ . 22 s Collective biology of neoplastic disease in Molecular biology 186 dicotyledonous plants

. Kuan23 g Zhi-Quan, Birkhoff and Taub theorems generalized to General 8 relativit18 y Liang Can-Bin metrics with conformai symmetries

. Kuan24 g Zhi-Quan, On the GKP and BS constructions of C- General 9 relativit18 y Liang Can-Bin boundary

25. Z. Galdzicki, Chemical waves in the acetylcholinesterase Physical chemistr6 20 y A.L. Kawczynski reaction

26. A.R. Bestman Flui masd dan s transpor singla n i t e Biology 207 lymphatic blood vessel

27. Th.M. El-Sherbini, Energy levels of the single excited states in Atomi6 c 21 physics A.S. Wahby Nal and Na-like ions

. W.E28 . Senanayake Artificia electriC D lo t cnois e trainedu s Geophysics 222

29. A.H. Bokhari, reductioe Onth f symmetrno r statifo y c General relativity 227 N.H. Bokhari flat space-time in some general cylindrical- like coordinates

30. M.M. Seddik Silicon solar cell technology and a proposed 7 Sola24 r energy double-sided cell

. A.R31 . Bestman Fluid transport across capillary walls in Fluid dynamics 250 lymphatic circulation - Part I

32. A.R. Bestman Fluid transport across capillary walls in Fluid dynamics 253 lymphatic circulation - Part II

33. Li Miao Some topological problem quantun si m General 2 relativit28 y cosmology

Wagu. A . e34 Theor f resonano y t photo-ionizatioe th n ni Atomic physics 290 two-electron systems

. A.R35 . Bestman On the stability of a radiating fluid in a Fluid dynamics 303 porous spherical shell

97 Hanpinu Li . g36 interpretatiow Ane feature O th SI f nf o eo Atomic and molecular 3-13 maser spectra associated with N-type star physics

. M.S37 . EI-Dessouki, Effect of annealing and axide layer Solar 316 R. Gallon! thicknes dopinn so g profile shapf eo "through oxide" implante iondP n si + textured silicon

. J.G.M38 . Massaquoi Global solar radiation in Sierra Leone (West Solar ener9V 334 Africa)

39. M.S. EI-Dessouki Effect of surface states on the Surface science 335 electrochemical behaviou f singlo r e crystal n-ZnSe photo-electrode

. E.G40 . Njau Distortion processen i s d signal theid an sr Electronics 340 application electronin si c desig : I Basi n- c and general formulations

. E.G41 . Njau Distortions in processed signals and their Electronics 341 applications in electronic design - II: A new variable signal generator

42. E.G. Njau Distortions in processed signals and their Electronics 342 application electronin si c desig n- 111 n A : automatic generato f communicatioo r n Jamming signals

43. M.K. Edee Contributio f ultrasouno n d forward Biophysics 355 scattering to tissue structure study

. E.G44 . Njau A mathematical correlation between Solar energy 363 variation n solai s r radiation parameterI - s Daily sums of global radiation and mid-day global radiation

. E.G45 . Njau Basic causes of amplitude modulation in Solar energy 364 climatic/weather parameters

46. S.S. Nandwani Design, construction and experimental study Solar ener9V 373 of electric cum solar oven - II

47. K. Khalil Surface waves Fluid dynamics 376

48. Wang Shaomin, A non-interference and non-diffraction Optics 379 Lin Qiang, grating Lu Xuanhui

49. C.O. Ofoegbu, Investigatio variatioe th specifi e 1 th no f no c P y 391 Soi! h sics S.K. Adjepong heat capacit f locao y l soil samples froe mth Niger delta area, Nigeria, with moisture content

50. E.G. Njau A method for predicting monthly rainfall Climatology 395 patterns

98 51. LiZhongyuan The energy conversions and storage caused sPace P|asma 400 unsteade th y b y poloida active l floth n wei region

. A.U52 . Ebong, Metallizatio characterizatiod nan a f o n 3y 405 Solar ener S.K. Adjepong silico junctioN nP- n diode fabricated froma solar-cell type silicon substrate

. S.K53 . Adjepong, Correlation between the time series of air climatology 407 C. Okujagu temperature and incident solar radiation at Port Harcourt, Nigeria

54. E.G. Njau A basic theory of desertification Climatology 413

. A.E55 . Kalu microphysice Th Sharae th f so s Climatolognit dusd an t y 419 implication climatn o s e

99