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The General Mechanics of the Moving Objects Peng Gao Run Jia Petroleum Engineering and Technology Ltd The general mechanics of the moving objects Peng Gao Run Jia Petroleum Engineering and Technology Ltd Abstract: In the article, we establish a completely new theory of mechanics based on absolute frame of reference, demonstrating negating the theory developed by Albert Einstein based on relative frame of reference. We derive the results that are different from Einstein’s, explaining the phenomenon that can be explained by Einstein’s theory and beyond. The new generalized the theory discovers the principle of the mechanics, with better accuracy between the theoretical prediction and real experimental results compared with Einstein. The article contains 15 sections as the following, 1. The spatial structure of the universe; 2. The absolute and relative frame of reference of Einstein; 3. Absolute four dimensional space time relationship; 4 The rule for the velocity transformation; 5 Length contraction, time dilation and mass reduction; 6. The modification for Newton's law of universal gravitation; 7. The essence of mechanics; 8. Inertial mass and gravitational mass; 9. Gravitational field and acceleration; 10 Mass and energy; 11. “aether”, expansion of the universe and the properties of the light; 12. The charge and absolute mechanics; 13. The modification of Coulomb law; 14. The modification of Matter wave; 15. The verification of the wave equation. Introduction In 1905, the great German scientist Albert Einstein established the famous theory of relativity. He abandons the concepts of absolute frame of reference and Luminiferous aether and established a new theory based on the Inference of Inertial Properties and the invariance of the speed of light, solving the challenges that the Physics at that time. As the development of the science and technology, people gradually realized that it was unbelievable for the space without “aether”. In the absence of it, not only the light can not propagate, but also the standard length and time do not exist, making the fact all the objects in the universe compose the space time uniformly not imaginable. At the same time, the Relativity faces some experimental challenges. For example, the Hafele–Keating experiment in 1971 put some questions on the validity of the time effect of the Relativity. Besides, there is no quantitative link between the Quantum Mechanics developed in the past decades and the Relativity. All these problem illustrated that the theory from Einstein needs further modification and improvement 1. The spatial structure of the universe The special structure of the universe is a very old topic. As the time passed, it has formed two major schools, the Steady State Theory and the Big Bang Theory. When facing with the practical problems, the two theories contain their own disadvantages. In the universe, a concept that includes all the materials, the objects are moving continuously. But the theories mentioned above lack a direct link to the moving of the objects, which makes them not convincing. To solve this problem, we now rebuild the model of the spatial structure of the universe, which can precisely reflect the mechanics of the objects. Before the model building, to make the model easy to understand and handle with, we firstly build a new model for the molecule, so that we can get our model of the universe by analogy. We would like to initiate a new assumption without any evidence. Aether is the very basic elements to form all the material. It has mass and is the media for the gravitational and the electromagnetic interactions. All the electromagnetic field formed by the charges are due to some kind of movements of aethers inside the charges. All the space in the universe is filled with aethers. The density of aethers increases monotonically as the goes from the centre of the universe. The validity of the concept will be solidified in the following article and in the next we will start to build our new model for the molecule. The molecule is composed of spinning atoms that circulate around the mass centre. The atom is composed of nuclei and electrons, while electrons circulate around the mass centre of the nucleus and with their own spin. The nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons. Both of them circulate around the mass centre of the nuclei and have their own spin. All the electromagnetic fields formed by protons, neutrons and electrons are the result of the motion of the aethers in the space around. And we can use the similar method to establish our model for the universe. We treat the atom as the galaxy in the universe, e.g. Milky Way can be regarded as an atom. The nucleus can be treated as the part in the galaxy where the mass density is high. And each proton and neutron can be treated as star separately. The aether moving around the protons and neutrons can be treated as planet. We can also treat the electron as the star in the galaxy where the mass density is low. And the aether moving around the electrons can be regard as the planets. Therefore, we obtain a spherical structure of the universe with all the objects circulating rapidly around the the mass centre and closed spin. From the structure of the universe we derived, we can find that the universe originates from the explosion of a spherical with uniform mass density. Since the mass density equality of the universe space leads to the equal-weight of the gravitational force in the universe space. Therefore, the circulating movement between objects can not be implemented correctly. Under the gravitational force, all the objects are drove to the mass centre of the universe with collision and explosion. After the explosion, the objects are thrown away with an extreme speed, and then go to the trajectory and move around the universe mass centre according to their energy. As the result of the spatial non-uniformity of the energy caused by the explosion, the objects transform the energy to the lower region in different forms to recover to the energy uniformity of the universe space. When the energy density in the universe space becomes equal (the equality in the energy means the equality of the mass density which will be proved in the following section), the objects in the universe space fly towards the mass centre again and cause the explosion. After the explosion, the objects are throw away according to the energy non-uniformity. And later start to move based on their own energy trajectories. The old universe dies and the new universe is created. Our universe continues such circle from birth to perish and perish to birth. With such theory, we will observe that the energy density of the universe space approaches a constant as the time passes by and the absolution zero temperature increases as time goes. 2. The absolute and relative frame of reference of Einstein Based on the Inference of Inertial Properties of the reference frame of Einstein, any two Inertial frame of references K and K’ have relativity effect if the relative motion exists. The identical relativity effect can be obtained by any of reference. Such reference definition solved the big challenge of physics, Michelson–Morley experiment at that time. And later, it was verified by other experiments, leading to the abandon of the early reference frame (aether based) unnaturally. As the continuous development of the natural science, people gradually realized the fact that the physics without absolute frame of reference is meaningless. Not only it hinders the development of the science, but also makes the physics difficult to discover the essence of the motion of the objects. Therefore, there is a need to modify this concept. However, the frame of reference can not be aether as propped by the previous people, because of the countless of practices that prove the limitation of the aether and the difficulties of the promotion of the theory. As we discussed in section 1, all the objects in the universe are circulating around the universe mass centre continuously. Therefore, without the absolute steadiness, there is no relative motion for all the objects in the universe. All the laws of motion is generated by the absolute steadiness, otherwise our universe would not exist. The mass centre of the universe is the absolute frame of reference, and only the relative motion of the object corresponding to the universe mass centre can produce the laws of the motion. 3. Absolute four dimensional space-time relationship Figure 3-1 Plenty of physical experiment have proven that the speed of the objects in the universe has a limitation. If there is no speed limitation, the absolute four dimensional space-time relationship we are going to investigate would not exist. Before the research on the four dimensional space- time relationship, we firstly assume that the speed of light is a constant and it is the limit of the moving object. The validity of this principle will be solidified in the following part. In section 2, we prove that the law of the motion can only occur when the object moves relatively to the mass centre of the universe. For the convenience and the generality of the conclusion, we establish the coordinate system as shown in Fig. 3-1. Let reference frame � be the mass centre of the universe with absolute steadiness. The reference frame �" moves with the speed � according to K. At � = �" = 0, the origins of the two coordinates � and �" coincide. Two optical signals are transmitted from the two origins separately. After some time, the origin �" of �" arrives at the position as shown in the figure. The wave front of the optical signal goes to one point along � (or �" ) axis. Base the invariance of the light speed, the coordinates of points where the observed optical signals arrive are: �* = �*�* , � = 0, � = 0 (1) �"* = �*�"*, �" = 0, �" = 0 (2) the transformation relationship between spatial variant (�", �") and (�, �) is �" = �"(�, �) �" = �"(�, �) since the point we select is on the � (or �" ) axis, � = �" = 0 and � = �" = 0.
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