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And a Synopsis of Core Species in Daedalea Sensu Stricto

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And a Synopsis of Core Species in Daedalea Sensu Stricto North American Fungi Volume 6, Number 4, Pages 1-12 Published March 25, 2011 A new species of Daedalea (Basidiomycota) and a synopsis of core species in Daedalea sensu stricto Daniel L. Lindner1, Leif Ryvarden2 and Timothy J. Baroni3 1US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA 2Biological Institute, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway 3Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 2000, State University of New York, College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045, USA Lindner, D. L., L. Ryvarden, and T. J. Baroni. 2011. A new species of Daedalea (Basidiomycota) and a synopsis of core species in Daedalea sensu stricto. North American Fungi 6(4): 1-12. doi: 10.2509/naf2011.006.004 Corresponding author: Daniel Lindner: [email protected]. Accepted for publication February 3, 2011. http://pnwfungi.org Copyright © 2011 Pacific Northwest Fungi Project. All rights reserved. Abstract: Daedalea neotropica, a species with striking violet stains on the pileus and pore surface, is described from material collected in the Maya Mountains of Belize. A synopsis of Daedalea sensu stricto is provided based on morphological and DNA sequence data. Analyses indicate that at least four species should be included in Daedalea s.s.: D. dickinsii, D. neotropica, D. pseudodochmia, and D. quercina. A key to the species of Daedalea s.s. is provided. Key words: Daedalea, Fungi, Polyporaceae, polypore, wood-decay. Lindner et al. A new species of Daedalea. North American Fungi 6(4): 1-12 2 Introduction: In his validation of Daedalea, polypore genera such as Fomitopsis and Fries (1821) copied and accepted Persoon’s Piptoporus (Binder et al. 2005). Apart from D. (1801) concept of the genus based on the sinuous, quercina, D. dickinsii Yasuda is currently the labyrinthine or daedaleoid hymenophore. only other species in the genus for which Numerous species with similar hymenophores sequence data have been deposited in GenBank have been described or transferred to the genus (NCBI). since that time. As of November 2010, there are 271 legitimate names in the genus, according to While conducting mycological inventories in the Aphyllophorales database of Centraalbureau Belize, the authors encountered a striking new voor Schimmelcultures (Utrecht, Netherlands). Daedalea species (Fig. 1) associated with Index Fungorum (CABI Bioscience Databases, Quercus. In connection with the description of accessed 03 Nov. 2010) includes 390 names this new species, a synopsis of the genus under Daedalea. Daedalea sensu stricto is provided. This work is based on morphological characters of Based on recent DNA analyses, it is now widely basidiocarps, along with preliminary analyses of accepted that hymenophore configuration is of ITS regions of rDNA from the type species of the restricted taxonomic value for delimiting genus, D. quercina, and five additional species: evolutionary lineages of homobasidiomycetes D. dickinsii Yasuda, D. microstricta Cooke, D. (Hibbett & Donoghue 1995, Binder & Hibbett neotropica D. L. Lindner, Ryvarden & T. J. 2002, Hibbett & Binder 2002). Within the Baroni, D. pseudodochmia (Corner) T. Hattori (= polyporoid clade, sinuous to daedaleoid D. incana (Lév.) Ryvarden), and D. stereoides Fr. hymenophores are found in at least two clades: (= Lenzites stereoides (Fr.) Ryvarden). Future the “core polyporoid clade” (e.g. Daedaleopsis) work with additional gene regions and greater and the “Antrodia clade” (e.g. Daedalea) (Binder taxon sampling is needed to better define the et al. 2005). Thus, many of the species boundaries of Daedalea and to place these traditionally placed in the genus Daedalea have species in a broader phylogenetic context. been transferred or likely will be transferred to various other genera. Unfortunately there are still many species whose taxonomic position remains Materials and Methods: Basidiocarps were unresolved. examined microscopically and voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium of Currently, the genus Daedalea is restricted to the Center for Forest Mycology Research species that produce brown rots and have (CFMR), US Forest Service Northern Research basidiocarps with trimitic hyphal systems, Station, located in Madison, Wisconsin, or at the clamped generative hyphae, cork-colored context, University of Oslo herbarium (O), Oslo, Norway. thick dissepiments, and distinct catahymenia of The specimens examined for this study are listed skeletal hyphae with widened apices (Gilbertson in Table I. The basidiocarp features of Daedalea & Ryvarden 1986, Ryvarden 1991, Núñez & dickinsii, D. pseudodochima, and D. quercina are Ryvarden 2001). Unfortunately, no principally from East Asian Polypores, Volume 2 comprehensive DNA-based studies have (Núñez & Ryvarden 2001). ITS regions of rDNA examined the validity of defining the genus based from basidiocarps were sequenced and analyzed on these morphological and physiological following the methods of Lindner and Banik characters. Based on the small amount of (2008), with the following exceptions: 1) a small sequence data available, D. quercina L.:Fr., the piece of basidiocarp tissue, usually hymenial type species of the genus, falls in the Antrodia surface, was used for DNA extractions, and 2) clade of true polypores near other brown rot only maximum parsimony was used to infer Lindner et al. A new species of Daedalea. North American Fungi 6(4): 1-12 3 FIGURE 1. Basidiocarps of Daedalea neotropica from the Maya Mountains of Belize. A. Young basidiocarps displaying characteristic violet staining (DLC04-80). B. Mature basidiocarps displaying the black cuticle that develops with age (DLC04-74, holotype). C. Detail of the hymenophore, which ranges from irregular poroid to daedaleoid (DLC04-74, holotype). phylogenies. If an ITS sequence was successfully moderate statistical support (bootstrap value = obtained from a specimen, the sequence was 71). BLAST searches of GenBank indicated that deposited in GenBank (Table I). Fomitopsis species showed high sequence similarity to Daedalea species, so two Fomitopsis Results species (F. cajanderi and F. rosea) were included DNA Sequencing in the analysis. Both Fomitopsis species were ITS sequences were obtained from 11 of 20 more closely related to Daedalea s.s. than D. specimens (Table I). The parsimony analysis of stereoides or D. microstricta. Daedalea ITS sequences (Fig. 2) indicates that Daedalea stereoides fell within the Antrodia clade, while D. dickinsii, D. neotropica, D. pseudodochmia and microstricta fell within the core polyporoid clade. D. quercina form a clade (Daedalea s.s.) with One “D. quercina” sequence from GenBank 4 Lindner et al. A new species of Daedalea. North American Fungi 6(4): 1-12 (DQ491425) fell well outside of Daedalea s.s., but DAEDALEA Pers.: Fr. within the Antrodia clade (Fig. 2). Syst. Mycol. 1:331, 1821. - Daedalea Pers. Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 499, 1801. Within the Daedalea s.s. clade, Daedalea neotropica sequences formed a well-supported Basidiocarps perennial, pileate, broadly sessile; clade (bootstrap value = 100) distinct from all pileus surface smooth to velutinate, often other Daedalea species. Daedalea quercina concentrically sulcate; hymenophore irregular, sequences also formed a distinct clade (bootstrap partly poroid, partly split into sinuous pores, value = 77), although one specimen from Belize labyrinthine/daedaleoid, or strictly lamellate, (“D. quercina” LR-45191) fell close to D. ochraceous; context light to deep brown; hyphal neotropica. Daedalea dickinsii and D. system trimitic; generative hyphae thin-walled, pseudodochmia fell closely together in a well- hyaline, with clamps; binding hyphae tortuous supported clade (bootstrap value = 95) (Fig. 2). with short, stout branches, hyaline to light yellowish brown; skeletal hyphae thick-walled to completely occluded, light ochraceous brown, bending from the trama into the hymenium and Synopsis of Daedalea s.s. with key to species developing a catahymenium; basidiospores oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical, thin-walled, In addition to the DNA analysis, basidiocarps hyaline, negative in Melzer's reagent; chlamydo- were examined macroscopically and spores present in some tropical species; on microscopically (see Table I for a list of hardwoods producing a brown rot. specimens examined). Our brief synopsis of core Type species: Daedalea quercina L.:Fr. species in Daedalea s.s., which follows, Remarks. Defining characters are the trimitic summarizes these results. A key to species in hyphal system; clamped generative hyphae; a Daedalea s.s. is provided. catahymenium formed by skeletal hyphae; a Lindner et al. A new species of Daedalea. North American Fungi 6(4): 1-12 5 Figure 2. Results of maximum parsimony analysis based on ITS sequences. The tree shown is one of 12 equally parsimonious trees (length = 547, CI = 0.773, RI = 0.838). Bootstrap support is indicated above branches and is based on 1000 bootstrap replicates. Specimens sequenced for this study are marked with an asterisk and are labeled with collection numbers. All other sequences were obtained from GenBank (NCBI) and are labeled with GenBank accession numbers, with the exception of D. quercina olrim1013, which was provided by Rimvydas Vasaitis (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden). Quotation marks around species names indicate specimens that may have been misidentified. 6 Lindner et al. A new species of Daedalea. North American Fungi 6(4): 1-12 cork-colored context;
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