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Page 22 NASA's Worden Talks Synthetic Bio, Quantum Computing January 2015 A survival plan for the next computing age Page 22 NASA’s Worden talks synthetic bio, quantum computing/16 When to nuke an asteroid/32 A PUBLICATIONPUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS April 13 – 16, 2015 The Broadmoor Hotel, Colorado Springs, Colorado USA JOIN THE CONVERSATION! GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES – INFLUENTIAL PARTICIPANTS! Critical Dialogue on Today’s Issues from Industry Executives, Decision Makers and Thought Leaders FEATURED SPEAKERS Compelling speakers, panels, topics and special programs Jean-Jacques Dordain Gen. John E. Hyten, USAF Director General Commander The European Space Air Force Space Command Agency (ESA) The Honorable Jean-Yves Le Gall Deborah Lee James President Secretary of the Air Force Centre National d’Études Profitable networking opportunities Spatiales (CNES) www.SpaceSymposium.org +1.800.691.4000 David Parker, Ph.D. Johann-Dietrich Wörner Chief Executive Officer Chairman of the Executive Board United Kingdom Space Agency German Aerospace Center (DLR) January 2015 DEPARTMENTS EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK 2 Getting serious about planetary defense Page 12 INTERNATIONAL BEAT 4 Particle physics; China and Russia collaborate IN BRIEF 6 NASA’s Africa initiative; hybrid wing body; DSCOVR ready for launch; Skimsat research; wind and rockets THE VIEW FROM HERE 12 High-flying science on ISS CONVERSATION 16 Space visionary VIEWPOINT 18 Collaborating against space debris OUT OF THE PAST 42 Page 36 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES 44 FEATURES Page 4 WANTED: MORE FOCUS ON CFD 22 Computational fluid dynamics has been a powerful tool for airframe designers, but American researchers are sounding an alarm about the troubles they see lurking ahead for CFD software. by Keith Button Page 28 REVOLUTIONIZING AIR TRAVEL 28 Airliners that can be refueled in the air could be the first step toward giant planes that transfer cargo and passengers in flight. by Philip Butterworth-Hayes PLANETARY DEFENSE 32 Stopping asteroids from hitting Earth will require time to put a plan in place. by Brian Steiner Page 18 PARSING ORION 36 Engineers from Lockheed and NASA will take a close look at the Orion module with a goal of improving its design and opening deep space for exploration. by Craig Covault and Marc Selinger COMET SCIENCE AND SOCIAL MEDIA 38 A look at the futures of the Rosetta and Philae spacecraft and what other space missions can learn about the use of social media. by Philip Butterworth-Hayes BULLETIN AIAA Meeting Schedule B2 AIAA News B5 Page 32 AIAA Aviation 2015 B14 AIAA Courses and Training B16 ON THE COVER A mesh of cells around an aircraft computer model lets CFD applications calculate complex air flows. Image credit: CD-adapco Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X) is published monthly by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. at 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Va. 20191-4344 [703/264-7500]. Subscription rate is 50% of dues for AIAA members (and is not deductible therefrom). Nonmember subscription price: U.S., $200; foreign, $220. Single copies $20 each. Postmaster: Send address changes and subscription orders to address above, attention AIAA Customer Service, 703/264-7500. Periodical postage paid at Herndon, Va., and at additional mailing offices. Copyright 2014 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., all rights reserved. The name Aerospace America is registered by the AIAA in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 40,000 copies of this issue printed. This is Volume 53, No. 1 ® is a publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Editor’s Notebook Ben Iannotta Editor-in-Chief Jack Wittman Associate Editor Greg Wilson Getting serious about planetary defense Production Editor Jerry Grey Editor-at-Large Reading up about asteroids, as I did for “Planetary Defense” on page 32, always Christine Williams makes me more nervous than the odds say I should be. Editor AIAA Bulletin A devastating asteroid or comet impact is unlikely to come in my lifetime or that of my children. My cerebrum knows this, but a little deeper down is my limbic Contributing Writers system, and it subscribes to Murphy’s Law: Whatever can go wrong will go wrong, Philip Butterworth-Hayes, Keith Button, and probably sooner than expected. Duane Hyalnd, Tom Jones, Natalia There’s a reason our brains developed a complex emotional center. Emotions Mironova, Marc Selinger, Brian Steiner, focus us. We should be doing more to protect ourselves from a collision with a Robert van der Linden, Mark Williamson, Frank H. Winter near-Earth object. It’s not a likely event, but the stakes are almost unimaginable. Not all of the preparations would mean spending gobs of taxpayer dollars. The White Jane Fitzgerald House and Congress could create an agency or assign one to lead and marshal Art Direction and Design international talents before a dangerous object pops up. We know we should do James F. Albaugh, President this, but it’s easy to procrastinate, and that’s what we’ve been doing for a decade Sandra H. Magnus, Publisher now. In 2005, a NASA task force recommended establishing a Planetary Defense Craig Byl, Manufacturing and Distribution Coordination Office. As it stands, the Pentagon is focused on earthly threats. Congress has directed STEERING COMMITTEE Steven E. Gorrell, Brigham Young University; NASA to find, track and describe dangerous NEOs. No one has the job of figuring David R. Riley, Boeing; Mary L. Snitch, out how to deflect dangerous objects or blow them up. For its observation mis- Lockheed Martin; Vigor Yang, Georgia sion, NASA relies on a loose, global network of ground telescopes and astronomers Institute of Technology; Annalisa Weigel, from other organizations. A better way would be to launch a telescope into space Fairmont Consulting Group; Susan X. Ying specifically to look for NEOs. For that, we’re counting on a private group, the B612 EDITORIAL BOARD Foundation, to raise the necessary funds to build and launch the Sentinel Space Ned Allen, Jean-Michel Contant, Telescope in 2017. Maybe the foundation will succeed, but in the meantime, our Eugene Covert, L.S. “Skip” Fletcher, view of space remains disturbingly incomplete. We’re trusting that someone will be Michael Francis, Cam Martin, looking in the right place when the big one comes. Murphy’s Law says we should Don Richardson, Douglas Yazell plan on the opposite kind of luck. History shows that objects are sometimes spotted ADVERTISING alarmingly late. Comet Hale-Bopp, for example, was discovered in 1995 and flew Joan Daly, 703-938-5907 through the solar system in 1996 and 1997. [email protected] Maybe the best thing that could happen would be discovery of an object on Pat Walker, 415-387-7593 a collision course with Earth in, say, 20 years. That probably would focus us, al- [email protected] though I half expect the warnings to be labeled junk science for a number of years. For now, it remains the work of a small group of NASA and industry experts LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE to push for a coordination office. “While the efforts through the NEO Observation Ben Iannotta, [email protected] program are laudable, an office that would coordinate planetary defense activities QUESTIONS AND ADDRESS CHANGES across NASA, other U.S. federal agencies, foreign space agencies, and international [email protected] partners is still needed,” said NASA’s Small Body Assessment Group in an August draft report. ADVERTISING MATERIALS Craig Byl, [email protected] We should do more than listen. We should act. January 2015, Vol. 53, No. 1 Ben Iannotta Editor-in-Chief Participation is Power Shaping the future of aerospace is no simple task. AIAA forums and expositions are catalysts for Shaping the future of aerospace takes passion, inspired idea exchange, progressive problem discussion, innovation, collaboration, and most solving, and industry innovation. importantly, it takes YOU! AIAA Forums and Expositions DEFENSE 2015 Registration Open 10–12 March 2015, Laurel, Maryland AVIATION 2015 Registration Opens in February 22–26 June 2015, Dallas, Texas Propulsion and Energy 2015 Call for Papers Closes on 7 January 27–29 July 2015, Orlando, Florida SPACE 2015 Call for Papers Is Open 31 August–2 September 2015, Pasadena, California SciTech 2016 4–8 January 2016, San Diego, California “The ability to network with people from all over these different technical areas in one place in one location has just been terrific.” —Edgar G. Waggoner, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, NASA 15-549 Learn More! aiaa.org/forums Particle physics breeds aerospace tech In their quest to unlock the secrets of help protect future the universe, researchers at Europe’s deep-space explor- CERN organizaton needed a machine ers from the effects capable of managing temperatures of radiation. The of 5.5 trillion degrees Celsius — more European Union’s than 250,000 times hotter than the Space Radiation center of the sun. That’s the amount of Superconductive heat CERN’s Large Hadron Collider in Shield project, Switzerland creates when it smashes known as SR2S, is subatomic particles together in an ef- researching the use fort to replicate the conditions imme- of magnetic fields diately after the Big Bang and identify to protect astro- the smallest building blocks of matter. nauts from radia- CERN Experts at CERN — a French acro- tion in space. The Superconducting electromagnets like those that guide particle beams in the nym for the European Organization project aims to de- Large Hadron Collider might someday protect astronauts from radiation by for Nuclear Research — also see prac- velop a supercon- generating an intense magnetic field. tical aerospace applications for their ducting shield with thermal-management and other tech- an intense magnetic field — 3,000 times CERN was also responsible for as- nological innovations. stronger than the Earth’s magnetic sembling and calibrating the Alpha The Large Hadron Collider con- field — 10 meters in diameter around a Magnetic Spectrometer that has been tains collimators — devices that narrow spacecraft to deflect ionizing particles.
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