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An Account of Ribbonfishes of Family Trichiuridae Occurring in Pakistan Department of Zoology, Federal Urdu University of Arts S

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An Account of Ribbonfishes of Family Trichiuridae Occurring in Pakistan Department of Zoology, Federal Urdu University of Arts S An account of Ribbonfishes of family Trichiuridae occurring in Pakistan Sadaf Tabassum1, Muhammad Moazzam2 and Hamid Badar Osmany3 1Department of Zoology, Federal Urdu University of Arts Sciences and Technology Karachi,Pakistan Email: [email protected] 2WWW-Pakistan, Fortune Center, Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi,Pakistan Email:[email protected] 3Marine Fisheries Department,Government of Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan ABSTRACT Ribbonfishes is commercially important group which is represented by 7 species in Pakistan. Savalani hairtail (Lepturacanthus savala) and Largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) are two common species found in shallow coastal waters upto a depth to 1,500 m. Tentoriceps cristatus known as crested hairtail is also represented in commercial catches. Remaining species i.e. Eupleurogrammus glossodon, E. muticus and Trichiurus auriga are also reported from Pakistan but these are of rare occurrence. Silvers cabbard fish (Lepidopus caudatus) is reported from Pakistan in larval form only. KEYWORD: Ribbonfishes, Trichiuridae, Lepturacanthus savala, Trichiurus lepturus, key to species INTRODUCTION Ribbonfishes which belong to family Trichiuridae (locally known as “chind” in Sindhi and “tinji” in Balohi) are considered to be voracious predator distributed in circumglobally in tropical and subtropical sea at interdidal to 1,500 m depth. These fishes are benthopelagic in nature and inhabit continental shelf areas as well as entering creek areas. They are caught mainly by trawls, esturine set bag net, gillnets and using line gears. Information about Ribbon fish from Pakistan is limited and usually included in the list of described species (Hoda, 1985, 1988: Anonymous, 1955: Hussain, 2003: Jaleel and Khalil, 1973, 1980: Qureshi, 1969) with the exception Arshad (1987) who has worked on the catch rates of ribbonfish (Lepturacanthus savala and Trichiurus lepturus), no work has been done on any other aspects of ribbonfish along the coast of Pakistan. Present paper describes the species of ribbon fish belonging to family Trichiuridae from Pakistan with a key to the reported species. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature has been from various archive and libraries to obtain information about the previous records of the various various from Pakistan. In addition monitoring of the commercial landing at Karachi Harbour was done between 2005 and 2013 to find out various species of family Trichiuridae. The collected samples were identified and photographed. Based on the important character a key for identification of reported has been prepared. RESULT A total of 7 species of ribbonfish belonging to family Trichiuridae are reports either through literature search or based on collection made from Karachi fish harbour. Systematic and Distributional Information Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker, 1860) – Longtooth hairtail This species was originally described as Trichiurus glossodon from Soengidoeri in Bangkayang, Western Borneo by Bleeker (1860). Its holotype is not known, however, lectotype of this species (RMNH 6031) is housed in Rijksmuseum van Natuulijke Histoire, Leiden (Eschmeyer, 1998). It was reported from Pakistan by Nakamura and Parin (1993) and Froese and Pauly (2013). It of rare occurrence in Pakistan and usually not seen in commercial fish landings. Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831) – Small head hairtail Sorley (1933) has reported this species (as Trichiurus muticus) from water of Sindh whereas Nakamura and Parin (1993) and Froese and Pauly (2002) shown the distribution of this species along Pakistan coast. It was originally described as Trichiurus muticus from India by Gray (1831) and its holotype (BMNH 1955.5.13.2) is housed in British Museum of Natural History, London, U.K. (Eschmeyer, 1998). Lepidopus caudatus (Eupharsen, 1788) – Silver scabbard fish This species was reported from Pakistan as larval form by Aftab and Ali-Khan (1992), however, according to Froese and Pauly (2002), and Nakamura and Parin (1993) this species is found in East Atlantic, South Indian Ocean and Southwest Pacific. Originally it was described as Trichiurus caudatus from Cape of Good Hope, South Africa by Eupharsen (1788), however, no type is known (Eschmeyer, 1998). Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829) - Savalani hairtail Figure 1: Lepturacanthus savala This species was reported from Pakistan by a number of workers, Ahmed et al (1973), Anonymous (1955), Misra (1962), Murray (1880) and Sorley (1993) have reported it from waters of Sindh where it was reported from Dabbo Creek by Mirza and Baquer (1994), from Indus Delta by Mahmood et al (1999), Karachi by Ahmed et al (1973), Anonymous (1955), Hureau (1991), Misra (1962) and Niazi (2001) and from Paradise point by Moazzam and Rizvi (1980). From Balochistan, it was reported by Ahmed et al (1973), Anonymous (1955), Misra (1962). Ahmed (1988), Arshad (1981), Bianchi (1985), Froese and Pauly (2002), Hoda (1985, 1987, 1988), Hussain (2003), Iqbal et al (1999), Jalil and Khalil (1972, 1981), Majid et al (1992), Qureshi (1952, 1969) and Siddiqi (1956) reported this species from Pakistan coast without mentioning any specific location. Originally this species was described as Trichiurus savala from Pondicherry, India by Cuvier (1829). Its holotype is not known, however, syntypes or neo- types are housed in Museum National d, Historie Naturelle, Paris, France (Eschmeyer, 1998). This species was refered as Trichiurus savala by Ahmed et al (1973), Anonymous (1955), Cuvier (1829a), Hoda (1987b) Misra (1962), Murray (1880), Qureshi (1952a, 1969) and Siddiqi (1956). Trichiurus auriga Klunzinger, 1884- Pearly hairtail This species was reported from Pakistan by Nakamura and Parin (1993). For the first time it was described from Kosseir, Egypt, Red Sea by Klunzinger (1884), however, no type is known (Eschmeyer, 1998). Trichiurus lepturus - Largehead hairtail Figure 2: Trichiurus lepturus This species was reported from waters of Sindh by Anonymous (1955), Brandhorst (1994), Misra (1962), Murray (1880) and Sorley (1993). It was also reported from Karachi (Anonymous, 1955, 1999; Misra, 1962; Niazi, 2001) and Paradise point, Karachi (Moazzam and Rizvi 1980). From Balochistan, it was recorded by Anonymous (1953, 1955), Brandhorst (1994), Misra (1962), Qureshi (1952) and Zugmayer (1913). It was also reported from Gawader by Abildgaard et al (1994). In addition Ahmed (1988), Arshad (1987), Bianchi (1985), Froese and Pauly (2002), Hoda (1985, 1988), Hussain (2003), Hussain and Kidwai (1994), Iqbal et al (1999), Jalil and Khalil (1972, 1981), Majid et al (1992), Nakamura (1984), Nakamura and Parin (1993) and Qureshi (1969). It was described for the first time from America and China by Linnaeus (1958). Its holotype is not known, however, syntypes are housed in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden (Eschmeyer, 1998). Anonymous (1953, 1955, 1999), Hoda (1985), Hussain (2003), Jalil and Khalil (1972, 1981), Misra, (1962), Moazzam and Rizvi (1980). Qureshi (1952, 1953, 1969), Sorley (1993) and Zugmayer (1913) reported this species as Trichiurus haumela. This species was originally described as Trichiurus cristatus from Qusair, Red Sea, Egypt, Red Sea. By Klunzinger (1884), however, It is not known (Eschmeyer, 1998). It was reported from Exclusive Economic Zone of Pakistan between Karachi and Bombay (Anonymous, 2001). A number of specimens of this species are caught along the coast of Pakistan but it of rare occurrence. Key to species of family Trichiuridae occurring in Pakistan 1: Caudal fin present, small and forked Lepidopus caudatus Caudal fin absent, or tapering into a hair-like 2 process 2: Pelvic fin absent. Free margin of subopercle 3 concave Pelvic fins scale- like, Free margin of subopercle 5 convex 3: First anal-fin spine lage, its length half of eye Lepturacanthus savala diameter, soft anal-fin rays pungent spinules breaking through ventral skin; two small canine teeth on upper jaw projects forward; a small slit present on ventral side of lower jaw for receiving anterior most fang of upper jaw. First anal-fin spine small, its length less than pupil 4 of eye; soft anal-fin rays slightly breaking through ventral skin in smaller specimens; no canine teeth on upper jaw projects forward; no slit on ventral side of lower jaw. 4: Fangs on jaws with barbs; dorsal- fin elements more Trichiurus lepturus than 130 Fangs on jaws without barbs; dorsal- fin elements less Trichiurus auriga than 120 5: Pectoral fins short, not reaching lateral line; anal- Tentoriceps cristatus Fin origin below 47th to 50th soft dorsal- fin ray Pectoral fins long, extending beyond lateral line; 6 anal-fin origin below 31st to 35th or 41st to 43rd soft dorsal- fin ray 6: A pair of fangs on tip of lower jaw; dorsal- fin Eupleurogrammus glossodon membrane slightly tinged with black along spines; dorsal side of posterior part of body slightly black; a black spot just behind dermal process of lower jaw; pelvic fins situated below 11th to 14th dorsal- fin soft ray No fangs on tip of lower jaw; dorsal- fin Eupleurogrammus muticus membrane pale; both dorsal and ventral sides of posterior part of body black; no black spot behind dermal process on ventral side of lower jaw; pelvic fins situated below 15th to 18th dorsal- fin soft ray Commercial Fisheries Ribbon fishes are commercial very important fish species. Dominated by Lepturacanthus savala their annual production in Pakistan is estimated to be range between 17,000 and 31,000 m. tons. Highest production was observed in 1999 which started to decrease and reached
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