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The Moravians Malmesbury 1770 ZC 1827-40, B 1826-40. East Tytherton

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The Moravians Malmesbury 1770 ZC 1827-40, B 1826-40. East Tytherton 120 The Moravians Wilts Malmesbury 1770 ZC 1827-40, B 1826-40. East Tytherton, parish of Bremhill, 1748 ZC 1748-1840. B 1749-1840. Yorks Baildon 1815 ZC 1815-1837, B 1816-1837. Fulneck, parish of Calverley, 1742 ZC 1742-1837, B 1749-1783. Mirfield, Wellhouse Chapel 1755 ZC 1805-37, B 1794-1837. uthor gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Revd. Frank Wyke, parish of Birstal! 1755 ZCB 1800-1837. Baker, Revd. Dr. a.A. Becker legge, flevd. T. Sha~ flevd. J.C. Bowmer (Archivist, Archives and Research Centre) C.E. Welch and Mrs. M.A. I'ales Johnson. Haverfordwest St. Thomas Green, 1763 ZC 1763-1837, 13. 1764.1837. A. HI STORY The origins of Methodism go back to a small group of members of the Church of England nt Oxford who, between 1729 and 1735 under the leadership of John Wesley, an ordained clergyman and his brother Char les met together for spiritual fellowship. Prominent among the members was ~orge Whitefield. later also ordained. They were known derisively as The lloly Club or as the Methodists and the latter tem was later applied in the same spirit to their followers. Both Wesley and Whitefield however adopted it in the fonn the peop Ie ca ned Methodists. In 1735 John Wesley was sent by the Socie.ty for the Propagation of the Gospel as a missionary to' Georgia. Both on the voyage and in Georgia he was considerably influenced by the Moravian missionaries1 and in Savannah in 1736 he founded a small society of 30 or 40 serious members of his congregation. On his return in 1738 " he maintained contact with the Moravians and the sallie year there took place his celebrated "conversion II when he obtained an intense con­ viction of his O\ffi personal salvation through Christ. The remainder of that year was spent in visiting the Moravian settlement at Herrnhut, J preaching in churches, speaking at religious societies and visiting prisons. The following year \fuitefield began preaching at Bristol in the open air. and Wesley followed his example. Soon, extensive preach­ ing was undertaken and the hearers who were moved by the preaching were gathered into small societies, modelled on those already existing in London, and meeting in members' homes. As early as 1738 the societies were subdivided into classes - or groups for the sharill~ of spirittlnl oxperionce, each unclor Il l oncl or. 1 See 'nle Maravians D.099. 724 '!he Methodists Calvinistic Methodists 725. Thus from the work of Whitefield in Gloucestershire eventuallY sprang Methodists. Although mainly confined to Wales and the Welsh Border a .number of independent churches - the tabernacles of Bristol, counties (Herefordshire, Shropshire, ,and Cheshire), it also has Kingswood, Rodborough, Dursley, Wotton .. under-Edge, . North Nibley, " churches in many of .the large centres of population in England. e Frampton-on-Severn, stonehouse and RU6cowbe. 5 In 1805 the Calvinistic Methodist SOcieties in London entered Annlnlan Methodists' into a union for mutual co-operat1on and .the first meeting of the As has been pointed out, in contrast to the 18th century usage Associate COngregations was held in the Surrey chapel in 1806. How­ the term Methodist is normally used today only of the various denomina­ ever, there is no further trace of the Union, and the societies which tions derived from Wesley's followers. Until 1742 Wesley's work was still survive have been re-organized on the Congregational model. confined chiefly to London and Bristol, but the remainder of his life With the transformation of the Calvinistic Methodist Societies into _ he died in 1791 - was spent in constant itineries not only allover churches, the term M thodist to describe them fell into disuse. How­ England, but also in Wales, Scotland and Ireland. Wesley was assisted ever, it iaJ flt always be remembered that in the 18th century Methodist by a devoted band of preachers and Methodism rapidly made extraordinary '.Go6 a wider meaning than today. progress. In 1744 the Circuits for the travelling preachers were est­ ablished and the first Conference was held. As the connexion expanded The Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion circuits were continually divided to make new ones. The Anglican While the Whitefieldian societies gradually became Congregational­ clergy progressively refused to allow Methodist preachers in their ist churches, the chapels founded by the Countess remained nominally pulpits and began to deny Methodists the other sacraments also. The Anglican. However, increasing difficulties with the bishops led in decisive break came in 1784 when Wesley ordained Dr. Coke to administer 1779 to a break with the Church of England and the formation of a the sacraments to American Methodist Societies. This was followed by church of the Presbyterian type. Some 37 churches are now governed by the ordination of many of the travelling preachers. By 1790 although nine trustees assisted by an annual conference of ministers and chapel meetings were still being held on weekdays as heretofore, they delegates. ~e Connexion is no,t now strictlY a Methodi at one, but is were increasingly being also held on Sundays. In some areas they were closely associated with the Congregational Union of England and Wales moved from hours which did not conflict with Anglican worship to hours and the churches are listed in the Congregational Year-Do which implied a rival institution, although in others, Methodists n e oun ess of Hunting on oun e a theological College continued to attend both their own preaching' se.rvices on Sundays and near Howell Harris's Settlement at Trevecca, Breconshire. This is now the more formal Anglican worship. By 1800 except in a few areas mainly Cheshunt College, Cambridge, which is not strictly a denominational in the south, Methodists' children were no long·er as a matter of college and is run by a separate body of trustees. course, baptized and registered in the parish church. By this time, to secure protection from persecution Methodist Welsh Calvinistic Methodists (called later Welsh Presbyterians or preachers and the worshippers in Methodist Preaching Houses finally The Presbyterian Church of Wales) agreed to invoke the Toleration Act, thus classing themselves as The Calvinistic Methodists were much stronger in Wales than Dissenters. However, the congregations of many meeting places which were licensed described themselves not as Methodists but as Protestants England because of the efforts of such local preachers as Howell 8 Harris, Howell Daviep and Daniel Rowlands. The break between Harris or Independents often making identification difficult. This separation and Whitefield in 1751 was followed shortly afterwards by Harris's from the Anglicans and the formation of a "church" which Wesley withdrawal from the movement, the leadership of which passed to never desired, was hastened by the early splitting up of his followers, Rowlands. Despite the strength of Welsh Calvinistic Methodism and constant discussion about separation from 1743 onwards, it remained part of the Anglican church until 1811 - much later than the other e For more information on the denomination and its registers, see Vol. 13, Welsh Nonconformists 7 The term has been used 1n this heading to differentiate from tta Calvinistic 5 The greater part of the material on Calvini·stic Methodism to this point Methodists the denominations springing from Wesley's work. The name was . has been taken from C.E. Watson "Whitefieldand Congregationalism" Trans. later used for a small church which was absorbed into the United MethodlS t Congo Hist. Soc. Vo1.8 PP.178-9, 245. Free Churches. s See below p.730. 726 'nle Methodists Armlnlan Methodists 727 first on points of church government and later on the broadening of influence into Rutland, Lincolnshire and Norfolk, and ultimately to the teachings to bring in the depressed masses of the Industrial Hull which became the fourth circuit. The first Conference was held Revolution. ny 1837 there were about nine Methodist Denominations in g at Hull in June 1819, and during the next five Years. the Hull England. cirCUit, through its Yorkshir~ Western, North-Western and Northern MiSSiOns carried on a vi gorous campai- gn with great success, particu- Wesleyan Methodists farly among the miners of Durhal11 and Northumberland._ The Tunstall This was the original body and by far the largest of the divisions. circuit meanwhile spread i ts influence first throughout the Black In 1837 there were 321 Wesleyan Circuits jn England and 20 in Wales, Country, then to Liverpool and Manchester on the one side, and South -and the members r etained connections with the Anglicans longer than Shropshire on the other, and finally to Herefordshire, Glamorganshire ~~ . most. and Wiltshire. Mob violence and persecution from the authorities, ~ especially the rural clergy and magistrates was considerable and Methodist New Connexion sustained. Many were imprisoned and local preachers r eceived notice This was founded in 1797 with particular emphasis on sharing the to quit their holdings. The labourers suffered most, being often dis­ missed and evicted from their cottages. Thus, although Primitive lovernment of the church between ministers and laity. !!!. 1837, the f!~ Methodism became strong in some rural areas, such as ' Ucdfordshire, it .---were 30....Q.ircui ts mainly in the Industrial areas of the. north of En gland and the Midlands, and 6 in Ireland. One reglster was normally was strongest in the towns of the North, and on the whole was an ~sed for the entire circuit, although in the catalogue of surrendered industrial rather than a rural conununity. In 1837 there were 150 circuits regi sters it is usually listedl under one church only. covering most of the country except for the South East, though they were also relatively weak in the South West. Primitive Methodists Between 1342 and 1853 the movement became much more strongly organised along.connexional line~ and the headquarters was moved Primitive Methodism had its origins in the evangeiical work of to London.
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