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DOKTORI ÉRTEKEZÉS Szarvas József DOKTORI ÉRTEKEZÉS Törzs-összehasonlító vizsgálatok és gyakorlati fejlesztések az ördögszekér laskagomba [Pleurotus eryngii (DC.:Fr.) Quél.] termesztésében Szarvas József Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar Zöldség- és Gombatermesztési Tanszék Budapest 2011 A doktori iskola megnevezése: Kertészettudományi Doktori Iskola tudományága: Növénytermesztési és kertészeti tudományok vezetője: Dr. Tóth Magdolna egyetemi tanár, DSc. Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar, Gyümölcstermő Növények Tanszék témavezető: Dr. Győrfi Júlia habilitált egyetemi docens, PhD. Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar, Zöldség- és Gombatermesztési Tanszék témacsoport: Zöldségnövények és termeszthető gomba témacsoport tanszék: Zöldség- és Gombatermesztési Tanszék, tanszékvezető: Dr. Terbe István, DSc., egyetemi tanár A jelölt a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Doktori Szabályzatában előírt valamennyi feltételnek eleget tett, a műhelyvita során elhangzott észrevételeket és javaslatokat az értekezés átdolgozásakor figyelembe vette, ezért az értekezés védési eljárásra bocsátható. ..…………………………….... ………………………………. Iskolavezető jóváhagyása Témavezető jóváhagyása 2 A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Élettudományi Területi Doktori Tanácsának 2011. 10. 04-i határozatában a nyilvános vita lefolytatására az alábbi Bíráló Bizottságot jelölte ki: BÍRÁLÓ BIZOTTSÁG Elnöke: Balázs Sándor, MHAS Tagjai: Rimóczi Imre, DSc Hodossi Sándor, DSc Isépy István, CSc Erős-Honti Zsolt, PhD Opponensek: Szántó Mária, CSc Kovács András, CSc Titkár: Erős-Honti Zsolt, PhD 3 TARTALOMJEGYZÉK 1. BEVEZETÉS.............................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1. CÉLKITŰZÉS .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 2. IRODALMI ÁTTEKINTÉS ........................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1. A PLEUROTUS NEMZETSÉG BEMUTATÁSA ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. A P. ERYNGII FAJ NEVEZÉKTANA, MORFOLÓGIAI JELLEMZÉSE.............................................................................................10 2.3. A P. ERYNGII TAXONÓMIAI PROBLÉMÁI.......................................................................................................................11 2.4. A P. ERYNGII ELTERJEDÉSE, GAZDANÖVÉNYKÖRE ...........................................................................................................13 2.5. MOLEKULÁRIS MÓDSZEREK A ROKONSÁGI KAPCSOLATOK TISZTÁZÁSÁRA ..............................................................................14 2.6. MOLEKULÁRIS VIZSGÁLATOK A VÁLTOZATOK IDENTIFIKÁCIÓJÁHOZ .....................................................................................16 2.7. MOLEKULÁRIS VIZSGÁLATOK DSRNS MIKOVÍRUSOK KIMUTATÁSÁRA ..................................................................................17 2.8. A P. ERYNGII FAJ ÖKOLÓGIAI JELENTŐSÉGE ÉLETTANI MEGVILÁGÍTÁSBAN .............................................................................20 2.9. A P. ERYNGII TERMESZTÉSI VONATKOZÁSAI..................................................................................................................20 2.10. A P. ERYNGII TÖRZSEK A TERMESZTÉSBEN..................................................................................................................23 2.11. BIOLÓGIAI HATÉKONYSÁG ÉS PRODUKTIVITÁS .............................................................................................................24 2.12. KERESKEDELMI JELENTŐSÉG ...................................................................................................................................25 2.13. A FAJ BELTARTALMI ÉRTÉKEI...................................................................................................................................26 2.14. MIKROELEMEK SZEREPE AZ EMBER TÁPLÁLKOZÁSÁBAN .................................................................................................27 2.15. GOMBÁK MN, ZN ÉS SE TARTALMA.........................................................................................................................29 2.16. A P. ERYNGII FAJ ELEMTARTALMÁVAL KAPCSOLATOS VIZSGÁLATOK ..................................................................................31 2.17. P. ERYNGII GYÓGYHATÁSÚ ANYAGAI.........................................................................................................................32 3. A MEGOLDANDÓ FELADATOK ISMERTETÉSE..........................................................................................................34 3.1. MOLEKULÁRIS BIOLÓGIAI VIZSGÁLATOK ......................................................................................................................34 3.2. A TERMESZTÉS GYAKORLATI ALKALMAZÁSAIHOZ KAPCSOLÓDÓ KÍSÉRLETEK ...........................................................................34 3.3. BELTARTALMI ÉRTÉK FOKOZÁS LEHETŐSÉGEI ................................................................................................................34 4. ANYAG ÉS MÓDSZER..............................................................................................................................................35 4.1. TÖRZSEK BEGYŰJTÉSE, TISZTATENYÉSZETÜK KIALAKÍTÁSA .................................................................................................35 4.2. TÖRZSEK ROKONSÁGI VIZSGÁLATAI RAPD-PCR MÓDSZERREL ..........................................................................................37 4.3. P. ERYNGII IZOLÁTUMOK TEF1a, RPB2 SZEKVENCIAANALÍZISE...........................................................................................39 4.4. TÖRZSEKBEN ELŐFORDULÓ DSRNS SPECIESEK VIZSGÁLATA IMMUNOBLOT MÓDSZERREL ..........................................................41 4.5. P. ERYNGII TÖRZSEK VEGETATÍV MICÉLIUMÁNAK NÖVEKEDÉSI TESZTJEI ................................................................................45 4.6. TÖRZS-ÖSSZEHASONLÍTÓ TERMESZTÉSI KÍSÉRLETEK ........................................................................................................47 4.7. TAKARÁSRA VONATKOZÓ TERMESZTÉSTECHNOLÓGIAI KÍSÉRLETEK ......................................................................................50 4.8. MIKROELEM-DÚSULÁS VIZSGÁLATA A TERMŐTESTEKBEN .................................................................................................52 4.9. A SZUBSZTRÁTUM MINŐSÉGÉNEK HATÁSA AZ ÁSVÁNYI ELEM ÖSSZETÉTELRE .........................................................................56 4.10. TERMESZTÉS SORÁN MEGJELENŐ KÓROKOZÓ SZERVEZETEK ............................................................................................59 5. EREDMÉNYEK.........................................................................................................................................................60 5.1. IZOLÁLÁSOK EREDMÉNYEI........................................................................................................................................60 5.2. IZOLÁTUMOK ROKONSÁGI VIZSGÁLATAINAK EREDMÉNYEI ................................................................................................62 5.3. P. ERYNGII IZOLÁTUMOK TEF1a, RPB2 RÉGIÓK SZEKVENCIAANALÍZISÉNEK EREDMÉNYEI...........................................................64 5.4. DSRNS MIKOVÍRUS VIZSGÁLATOK EREDMÉNYEI.............................................................................................................68 5.5. A P. ERYNGII TÖRZSEK VEGETATÍV NÖVEKEDÉSI TESZTJEINEK EREDMÉNYEI............................................................................69 5.6. TÖRZS-ÖSSZEHASONLÍTÓ VIZSGÁLATOK EREDMÉNYEI......................................................................................................81 5.7. TAKARÁSRA VONATKOZÓ TERMESZTÉSTECHNOLÓGIAI FEJLESZTÉSEK EREDMÉNYEI ..................................................................90 5.8. MIKROELEM-DÚSULÁS VIZSGÁLATOK EREDMÉNYEI ........................................................................................................96 5.9. A SZUBSZTRÁTUM HATÁSÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA AZ ÁSVÁNYI ELEM ÖSSZETÉTELRE .....................................................................104 5.10. A KÓROKOZÓ SZERVEZETEK VIZSGÁLATAINAK EREDMÉNYEI...........................................................................................108 5.11. ÚJ TUDOMÁNYOS EREDMÉNYEK............................................................................................................................110 6. KÖVETKEZTETÉSEK ÉS JAVASLATOK .....................................................................................................................112 4 7. ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS ..................................................................................................................................................115 SUMMARY...............................................................................................................................................................116 8. MELLÉKLETEK.......................................................................................................................................................118 M.1. FELHASZNÁLT IRODALOM.....................................................................................................................................118
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