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The Types and Functions of Samizdat Publications in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1989
The Types and Functions of Samizdat Publications in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1989 Martin Machovec Czech Literature, Charles University, Prague Abstract The term samizdat, now widespread, denotes the unofficial dissemination of any variety of text (book, magazine, leaflet, etc.) within “totalitarian” political sys- tems, especially those after World War II. Such publishing, though often not explic- itly forbidden by law, was always punishable through the misuse of a variety of laws under various pretexts. It occurred first in the Soviet Union as early as the 1920s, before the term was used, and then, labeled as such, from the 1950s onward. While samizdat publication occurred in Czechoslovakia after 1948, the word itself was used there only from the 1970s on. This article seeks to clarify the term and the phenome- non of samizdat with regard to the Czech literary scene to trace its historical limits and the justification for it. I will first describe the functions of Czech samizdat during the four decades of the totalitarian regime (1948–89), that is, examine it as a non- static, developing phenomenon, and then I will offer criteria by which to classify it. Such texts are classifiable by motivations for publishing and distributing samizdat; the originator; traditionally recognized types of printed material; date of production and of issuance, if different; textual content; occurrence in the chronology of politi- cal and cultural events under the totalitarian regime; and type of technology used in production. The applicability of such criteria is tested against the varied samizdat activities of the Czech poet and philosopher Egon Bondy. Both in Czech literary history and, as far as we know, in the literary his- tories of other countries as well there is a tendency to claim what is more or less obvious: that samizdat books, periodicals, leaflets, and recordings 1. -
Final Project
Con formato: Inglés (Reino Unido) The public libraries in Czech Republic The Municipal Library of Prague Author: Maria Neus Garcia Vidal Project Director: Jitka Hradilova MA in Library Science 08/09 Charles University of Prague Universitat Politècnica de València 2 Thank you very much to ... ● Ms Jitka Hradilova, my tutor for practice, for the unconditional support you have given me. ● Ms Luisa Tolosa, my tutor in Valencia, for help me and give me all the facilities with my project. ● Ms Pilar Agustí, the International Coordinator in Valencia, for support me in my intention to come to Prague from the begining. ● The Municipal Library of Prague, especially Veronika Chruscov, for having accepted and helped me in my training and my stay. ● My friends, my erasmus family, for having always supported for the good and bad. Specially in Belén and Mikel. ● My family, for support before, now and forever. THANKS ● A Lídia, Anna, Raimon, my brother Rafa, Paki, Inés, Maria, Eli, Carmi, my parents and my aunts for come to visit me this year in Prague. 3 One of my dreams in my life was going to study a time to a foreign country and I came to ask for an Erasmus grant. The day I decided to ask the scholarship erasmus prague my country was a priority. Why? Because it is a country where the classes for older students, are taught in English. At the University had no agreement for the degree of documentation, so my task was to search and contact the Charles University of Prague to try to establish an agreement with them. -
THE EXPERIENCE of EXILE THROUGH the EYES of CZECH WRITERS By
THE EXPERIENCE OF EXILE THROUGH THE EYES OF CZECH WRITERS by Adela Muchova B. A., Charles University, Prague, 2003 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS Under Special Arrangements of Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences O Adela Muchova 2006 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2006 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Adela Muchova Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: The Experience of Exile Through the Eyes of Czech Writers Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Trude Heift Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Dr. Samir Gandesha Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor of Humanities Dr. Jerry Zaslove Supervisor Professor Emeriti of Humanities Dr. Andre Gerolymatos Supervisor Professor of History Dr. Peyman Vahabzadeh External Examiner Assistant Professor of Sociology University of Victoria Date Defended: '"+SIMON FRASER @L&uNrvmsml ibra ry DECLARATION OF PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the "Institutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: ~http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/l892/112~)and, without changing the content, to translate the thesidproject or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. -
Czech Republic) Ref N° 2010-17
MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER LIBRI PROHIBITI 1948-1989 (Czech Republic) Ref N° 2010-17 PART A – ESSENTIAL INFORMATION 1 SUMMARY The LIBRI PROHIBITI collection consists of samizdat (clandestine) and exile literature and the archives of 1948-1989 documents and audiovisual records, referring to the Third Resistance movement 1 against totalitarian rule in what was then Czechoslovakia, with significant outreaches to other countries of the former Soviet bloc and –through exile activities – to other countries of the world. It is the world’s largest collection of Czechoslovak printed exile and samizdat material from the period of 1948-1989; there is also a large collection of Polish underground and exile prints (about 1400 entries and several thousands of items) and a smaller collection of East German and Soviet materials. The collection is being continuously extended. The collection is comprehensive and many of the items are unique, documenting how the struggle against Communist rule was fought: the Libri Prohibiti collection therefore is of substantial importance for the study of the history of the 20th century, whose various aspects can be examined at one site. The Libri Prohibiti sources are irreplaceable in the context of learning the history of Central and Eastern Europe and for the historical memory of the 20th century. Within the world documentary and information heritage the Libri Prohibiti collection represents a unique source for documenting the above-mentioned period. The Libri Prohibiti collection is held within an independent public library, bearing the same name – Libri Prohibiti – in Prague. The library was opened to the public on 22 October 1990. -
Reading Kafka in Prague: the Reception of Franz Kafka Between the East and the West During the Cold War
! ! ! ! Reading Kafka in Prague: The Reception of Franz Kafka between the East and the West during the Cold War Veronika Tuckerova Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! © 2012 Veronika Tuckerova All rights reserved ! Abstract Reading Kafka in Prague: The Reception of Franz Kafka between the East and the West during the Cold War Veronika Tuckerova This dissertation explores the transmission, reception, and appropriation of Franz Kafka in Czechoslovakia during the Cold War, against the background of the contemporary international readings of Kafka, especially in West Germany. The first chapter examines Paul Eisner’s translation of the Trial in the context of his influential triple “ghetto theory” and from the perspective of his contemporary translation discourse as well as recent translation theories. The second chapter focuses on the reception of Gustav Janouch’s Conversations with Kafka, and the reasons why this controversial text was welcomed in the West and dismissed in the East as a forgery. The chapter uses new archival discoveries about Janouch and discusses questions of witness and testimony. The role of “witness” took an ominous turn in the case of Eduard Goldstücker, who is the focus of the third chapter. Goldstücker was tried in the Slánsk! show trials in the early 1950s and forced to testify against Slánsk!. The chapter explores how Goldstücker attempted to come to terms with his past through reading of Kafka. The secret police files that were kept on him provide new insights on Goldstücker’s published texts, public persona, and the Liblice Conference that succeeded in rehabilitating Kafka in 1963. -
Samizdat/Tamizdat) and Information Flow Across Borders
NICOLE BURGOYNE – FRIEDERIKE KIND-KOVÁCS – JESSIE LABOV – VERONIKA TUCKEROVÁ – PIOTR WCIŚLIK Unlicensed and Unbound: Researching Textual Traffic (Samizdat/Tamizdat) and Information Flow Across Borders Introduction The last two generations of Cold War researchers have had the luxury of ac- cess to rich archives across Europe that document the material and intellectu- al history of underground publishing in the former Soviet-controlled socialist states. This chapter will provide an overview of some of the most important archival collections in conducting further research in samizdat (underground, unlicensed, and/or self-published material), as well as important connections to wider phenomena in alternative culture and transnational flows of infor- mation. After a brief review of major milestones in samizdat research, four case studies will provide more in-depth treatments of archival collections that pertain to underground publishing during the Cold War. Although the term “samizdat” as a broad category had been in regular use by opposition groups, state powers, and Western observers since it was coined in the Russian context in the late 1950s,1 it was not until H. Gordon Skilling and Stanisław Barańczak’s work beginning in the early 1980s that at- tention focused on the practice of underground publishing as a phenomenon, and shifted the geographic scope to Central Europe.2 Skilling stresses the so- cial practices that had arisen around samizdat, extending samizdat’s domain from a completely clandestine underground operation to a much wider phe- nomenon of independent publishing. This was the beginning of an important trend in samizdat scholarship that persists to this day: that the only way to work comparatively across the many different activities is to put samizdat in a wider context of alternative culture (or “second” or “parallel” culture), such as foreign radio broadcasting, and cross-border exchanges of texts and other cultural products. -
Libri Prohibiti
The Libri Prohibiti Thea Allen INLS 310-976 April 24, 2007 The Czech Republic, which was formerly Czechoslovakia, is a rich, educated and culturally rich country, whose extensive history has been laced with war, hardships, and different types of leadership and politics. One of the biggest and most influential political periods of this time was after World War II and during the time afterward when the country was under the power and control of the Communist party. This time period had an enormous effect on all aspects of living. Not only was the complete political and governmental structure changed and uprooted, but the citizen’s way of life and routine were also completely altered. Some of the simplest pleasures, rights, and daily routines were no longer options. Many resources became scarce and limited, when one had never questioned their availability before. The freedoms to speak, write, or read anything one wanted were no longer safe to do without fear. The types of literature and the amount produced were regulated by the communist party, while Czechoslovakia was ruled by the Germans. These strict limitations, constraints, and censorship of all kinds caused a group of authors to begin writing, producing, and distributing literature illegally. This underground literature, which is commonly known as samizdat, has been collected and preserved through the years and is now housed in the center of Prague at the Libri Prohibiti, the focus of this paper. Czech Republic and Samizdat During the communist reign in the former Czechoslovakia, there were many forms of censorship which affected the amount and type of literature that 2 was produced and available at this time. -
Strategy of Support for the Arts in the Czech Republic 2015–2020
STRATEGY OF SUPPORT FOR THE ARTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC 2015–2020 MINISTRY OF CULTURE CZECH REPUBLIC PRAGUE, 2015 For the Ministry of Culture compiled by the Arts and Theatre Institute PRAGUE, 2015 2 Contents CONTENTS Draft Resolution of the Government of the Czech Republic ....................................................... 4 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5 2. Background Analysis .......................................................................................................... 7 2.1. An Assessment of the Concept for More Efficient Support of the Arts 2007–2013.................... 7 2.2. Czech Arts and Culture Today ......................................................................................... 9 2.3. Economic Statistics .................................................................................................... 11 2.4. New Themes and New Sources of Funding for the Arts ...................................................... 18 3. A SWOT Analysis of the Arts Sector Today .......................................................................... 26 3.1. Strengths ................................................................................................................. 27 3.2. Weaknesses ............................................................................................................... 28 3.3. Opportunities ........................................................................................................... -
A Central European Constellation VISEGRAD GROUP CELEBRATES ITS FIFTEENTH ANNIVERSARY Jirˇí Paroubek
The Visegrad va Group W aa rsz a wa ha – A Central isl a t European ra Pr BB udap est International Visegrad Fund Constellation W a rsza wa ha a Pr BBratislava udap est International Visegrad Fund The Visegrad Publication Group on the Occasion of the 15th Anniversary A Central of the Visegrad Group. Edited by Andrzej Jagodziƒski European Bratislava 2006 Constellation BRATISLAVA BUDAPEST PRAGUE WARSAW of Visegrad 15 Years The Visegrad Group – A Central European Constellation 13 15 Years of Visegrad VISEGRAD GROUP CELEBRATES ITS FIFTEENTH ANNIVERSARY Jirˇí Paroubek After the fundamental changes in Central Europe at the end of 1989, it was necessary to move swiftly to get rid of the consequences of totalitarianism, to arrange the withdrawal of Soviet troops, and to quickly prepare the countries of Central Europe for membership in European and trans-Atlantic structures. One of the useful means of achieving these goals was the creation of a common platform represented by the Visegrad Group. During the initial phase of its existence, from 1991 to 1993 – when Czechoslovakia still existed – the Visegrad Group played an important role in our communications with NATO and the European Union. The process of expanding both institutions was both time-consuming and complex. It also contributed to the creation of qualitatively new bilateral relations between the countries in the Group. The ability of the Visegrad countries to cooperate and coordinate their approaches impressed the democratic countries of Western Europe. After the creation of the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the former Czechoslovakia in 1993, when the Visegrad Three became the Visegrad Four, however, that cooperation began to flag. -
Course List & Descriptions, Semester Programs 2017- 2018 Charles
Course List & Descriptions, Semester Programs 2017- 2018 Charles University Pre-Semester Czech Language and Culture Course (mandatory) The Czech Language course meets for ten days before the semester begins for five hours a day, in morning or afternoon sessions. The course is a combination of Czech language instruction, cultural activities, and short excursions throughout Prague. Students will be evaluated in the same manner for both courses and it will consist of the following: midterm test, final exam, homework, and participation. It is worth three U.S. credits. Students may choose either Czech language course: 1. Intensive Czech for Everyday Life (Credit only) This course focuses on oral communication skills, daily conversation, and the ability to read and write basic texts. This course is only offered on a pass/fail basis. 2. Intensive Czech Language (grades) This course offers a more in-depth study of the Czech language focusing on written and oral communication. This is a prerequisite for students interested in taking the semester-long Czech language course. Course List Below is a comprehensive list of ECES courses. The final course schedule is subject to change. Literature CUFA LIT 339 Romanticism and National Identity in Central Europe CUFA LIT 326 American and Czech Literature from European Perspectives: Identity and Role Play CUFA LIT 346 Great European Writers: The Life and Work of Karel Capek CUFA LIT 315 Czech Ballads in Comparative Perspective: Between Print and Oral Tradition CUFA LIT 340 Imagining America, Imagining Europe -
Archiving Exile, Samizdat, and Underground Audio from the Eastern Bloc
“I Will Counterrevolution / I Will Stop All The Motion” Archiving Exile, Samizdat, and Underground Audio from the Eastern Bloc by Allie Whalen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Moving Image Archiving and Preservation Program Department of Cinema Studies New York University May 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to a number of friends, colleagues, archivists, filmmakers, artists and musicians who helped to make this project possible. In Prague, thank you to Jiří Gruntorád, Anna Vrbová, Julie Tomsova, and Mikoláš Chadima at Libri prohibiti; Anna Batistova, Matěj Strnad, Michal Bregant, Vladmir Opela, and the rest of the staff at the National Film Archive; Jaromír Kallista of Athanor Production; Alice Růžičková, Eric Rosenzveig, and Jakub Felcman at Film and TV School of Academy of Performing Arts (FAMU). Livia Vrzalová at the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes; and everyone who helped me find contacts and archives. In Budapest, thank you to Julia Klaniczay, György Galántai, and Dora Halasi at Artpool Art Research Center; and Olga Zaslavskaia and Oksana Sarkisova at Open Society Archives. In Warsaw, thank you to Joanna Michałowska, Anna Maciąg, Maciej Kamiński, and Maria Buka at the Karta Center Foundation; and Piotr Wciślik at the University of Warsaw. In Belgrade, thank you to Miodrag Milosevic and Milan Milosavljevic at the Academic Film Center. In the US, thank you Jed Rapfogel at Anthology Film Archives, Yvonne Ng and Grace Lile at Witness, and Alice Lovejoy. And a special thank you to the faculty and students in the MIAP program. -
Czech Republic
COURAGE Cultural Opposition: Understanding the Cultural Heritage of Dissent in the Former Socialist Countries Country Reports CZECH REPUBLIC Authors Michaela Kůželová Miroslav Michela Regensburg 2018 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 692919. 1 About the authors Michaela Kůželová is a researcher at the Institute of Czech History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague [email protected] Miroslav Michela is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Czech History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague miroslav.michela@ff. cuni.cz To quote this report: Michaela Kůželová, Miroslav Michela: “Czech Republic,” COURAGE Country Reports. Regensburg, November 2018, DOI: http://doi.org/10.24389/cr -czechrepublic 2 Table of Content 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Background and framework ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Legislation and the political articulation of “dealing with the communist past” .......................... 5 2.2 Researching opposition under state socialism and afterwards ................................................. 7 2.3 Institutions and the legal foundations of the preservation and interpretation of the past ........ 11 3. Analysis of the collections in the COURAGE Registry ...................................................................