Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System: Outer Planet Resource Processing, Moon Base Propulsion, and Vehicle Design Issues
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System: Mining Design Issues and Considerations,” AIAA 2009- 4961, August 2009
Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System: Resource Capturing, Storage, and Utilization Bryan Palaszewski* NASA John H. Glenn Research Center Lewis Field MS 5-10 Cleveland, OH 44135 (216) 977-7493 Voice (216) 433-5802 FAX [email protected] Fuels and Space Propellants Web Site: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/Fuels-And-Space-Propellants/foctopsb.htm Abstract Atmospheric mining in the outer solar system has been investigated as a means of fuel production for high energy propulsion and power. Fusion fuels such as Helium 3 (3He) and hydrogen can be wrested from the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune and either returned to Earth or used in-situ for energy production. Helium 3 and hydrogen (deuterium, etc.) were the primary gases of interest with hydrogen being the primary propellant for nuclear thermal solid core and gas core rocket-based atmospheric flight. A series of analyses were undertaken to investigate resource capturing aspects of atmospheric mining in the outer solar system. This included the gas capturing rate for hydrogen helium 4 and helium 3, storage options, and different methods of direct use of the captured gases. Additional supporting analyses were conducted to illuminate vehicle sizing and orbital transportation issues. Nomenclature 3He Helium 3 4He Helium (or Helium 4) AMOSS Atmospheric mining in the outer solar system CC Closed cycle delta-V Change in velocity (km/s) GCR Gas core rocket GTOW Gross Takeoff Weight H2 Hydrogen He Helium 4 IEC Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement (related to nuclear fusion) ISRU In Situ Resource Utilization Isp Specific Impulse (s) K Kelvin kWe Kilowatts of electric power LEO Low Earth Orbit MT Metric tons MWe Megawatt electric (power level) NEP Nuclear Electric Propulsion NTP Nuclear Thermal Propulsion NTR Nuclear Thermal Rocket OC Open cycle O2 Oxygen PPB Parts per billion STO Surface to Orbit ________________________________________________________________________ * Leader of Advanced Fuels, AIAA Associate Fellow I. -
Abstracts of the 50Th DDA Meeting (Boulder, CO)
Abstracts of the 50th DDA Meeting (Boulder, CO) American Astronomical Society June, 2019 100 — Dynamics on Asteroids break-up event around a Lagrange point. 100.01 — Simulations of a Synthetic Eurybates 100.02 — High-Fidelity Testing of Binary Asteroid Collisional Family Formation with Applications to 1999 KW4 Timothy Holt1; David Nesvorny2; Jonathan Horner1; Alex B. Davis1; Daniel Scheeres1 Rachel King1; Brad Carter1; Leigh Brookshaw1 1 Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder 1 Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland (Boulder, Colorado, United States) (Longmont, Colorado, United States) 2 Southwest Research Institute (Boulder, Connecticut, United The commonly accepted formation process for asym- States) metric binary asteroids is the spin up and eventual fission of rubble pile asteroids as proposed by Walsh, Of the six recognized collisional families in the Jo- Richardson and Michel (Walsh et al., Nature 2008) vian Trojan swarms, the Eurybates family is the and Scheeres (Scheeres, Icarus 2007). In this theory largest, with over 200 recognized members. Located a rubble pile asteroid is spun up by YORP until it around the Jovian L4 Lagrange point, librations of reaches a critical spin rate and experiences a mass the members make this family an interesting study shedding event forming a close, low-eccentricity in orbital dynamics. The Jovian Trojans are thought satellite. Further work by Jacobson and Scheeres to have been captured during an early period of in- used a planar, two-ellipsoid model to analyze the stability in the Solar system. The parent body of the evolutionary pathways of such a formation event family, 3548 Eurybates is one of the targets for the from the moment the bodies initially fission (Jacob- LUCY spacecraft, and our work will provide a dy- son and Scheeres, Icarus 2011). -
General Interstellar Issue
Journal of the British Interplanetary Society VOLUME 72 NO.4 APRIL 2019 General interstellar issue POSITRON PROPULSION for Interplanetary and Interstellar Travel Ryan Weed et al. SPACECRAFT WITH INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM MOMENTUM EXCHANGE REACTIONS: the Potential and Limitations of Propellantless Interstellar Travel Drew Brisbin ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE for Interstellar Travel Andreas M. Hein & Stephen Baxter www.bis-space.com ISSN 0007-084X PUBLICATION DATE: 30 MAY 2019 Submitting papers International Advisory Board to JBIS JBIS welcomes the submission of technical Rachel Armstrong, Newcastle University, UK papers for publication dealing with technical Peter Bainum, Howard University, USA reviews, research, technology and engineering in astronautics and related fields. Stephen Baxter, Science & Science Fiction Writer, UK James Benford, Microwave Sciences, California, USA Text should be: James Biggs, The University of Strathclyde, UK ■ As concise as the content allows – typically 5,000 to 6,000 words. Shorter papers (Technical Notes) Anu Bowman, Foundation for Enterprise Development, California, USA will also be considered; longer papers will only Gerald Cleaver, Baylor University, USA be considered in exceptional circumstances – for Charles Cockell, University of Edinburgh, UK example, in the case of a major subject review. Ian A. Crawford, Birkbeck College London, UK ■ Source references should be inserted in the text in square brackets – [1] – and then listed at the Adam Crowl, Icarus Interstellar, Australia end of the paper. Eric W. Davis, Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin, USA ■ Illustration references should be cited in Kathryn Denning, York University, Toronto, Canada numerical order in the text; those not cited in the Martyn Fogg, Probability Research Group, UK text risk omission. -
NASA Finds Neptune Moons Locked in 'Dance of Avoidance' 15 November 2019, by Gretchen Mccartney
NASA finds Neptune moons locked in 'dance of avoidance' 15 November 2019, by Gretchen McCartney Although the dance may appear odd, it keeps the orbits stable, researchers said. "We refer to this repeating pattern as a resonance," said Marina Brozovi?, an expert in solar system dynamics at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and the lead author of the new paper, which was published Nov. 13 in Icarus. "There are many different types of 'dances' that planets, moons and asteroids can follow, but this one has never been seen before." Far from the pull of the Sun, the giant planets of the Neptune Moon Dance: This animation illustrates how the outer solar system are the dominant sources of odd orbits of Neptune's inner moons Naiad and gravity, and collectively, they boast dozens upon Thalassa enable them to avoid each other as they race dozens of moons. Some of those moons formed around the planet. Credit: NASA alongside their planets and never went anywhere; others were captured later, then locked into orbits dictated by their planets. Some orbit in the opposite direction their planets rotate; others swap orbits Even by the wild standards of the outer solar with each other as if to avoid collision. system, the strange orbits that carry Neptune's two innermost moons are unprecedented, according to Neptune has 14 confirmed moons. Neso, the newly published research. farthest-flung of them, orbits in a wildly elliptical loop that carries it nearly 46 million miles (74 million Orbital dynamics experts are calling it a "dance of kilometers) away from the planet and takes 27 avoidance" performed by the tiny moons Naiad years to complete. -
Filipiak Solar System Book
Our Solar System Mrs. Filipiak’s Class Our Solar System Mrs. Filipiak’s Class Sun ...............................................................................................7 Michael ........................................................................................7 Mercury ........................................................................................1 Denzel ..........................................................................................1 Mercury ........................................................................................3 Austin ...........................................................................................3 Mercury ........................................................................................5 Madison B ....................................................................................5 Venus ............................................................................................7 Shyla .............................................................................................7 Venus ............................................................................................9 Kenny ...........................................................................................9 Earth ..........................................................................................11 Kaleb ..........................................................................................11 Earth ..........................................................................................13 -
Formation of Regular Satellites from Ancient Massive Rings in the Solar System
ABCDECFFFEE ABCBDEFBEEBCBAEABEB DAFBABEBBE EF !"#CF$ EABBAEBBBBEBA BAFBBEB!EABEBDEBB "AEB#BAEBEBEEABFFEFA$%BEEBCBABFEB#B&EE%B #E B # B B B EF B EE B A B E B B E B !! B CE B B #B AFBBBABE%B#EABEBEAFBB#%BBEAEBCBEEB EB#BEBAEAFB#BAEBBEBDEB%BABE'EEABFEEEAB #BA %B(A %BAB)EAE BEEBEB*BFFEBB(ABAB )EAEBEBBEBEBAFBBEEBBFEB!BBBCBEBEFB EEBEABEBEAFBBC%BABAEBFEBEEBC%BB#BEBEBCB +BAB,B*BAEB!FEBEBFB!E#EEABEEBABFABAE-B E %&AAA)A&*%+F%))( +&%A,*'AAA-.*A)A+%(A/ ABCDF*)A%%%AA)(%%0 A&A1A%+-.(A2A)AFA) /++%A))A3F43!+3&(F *(A))()A+*)0 A F ( ) * ) % A A 05%- E1- 6AAF'(A))(+&%F43AA )+)+FA7A+A+ED-AF4!+ (%AA%A2(2A%A,FD-A A%%2(AFA/+A%A%+8 (A- F*)A,AA(A+F(A3%F* +&+2%%%A*AD0++(&6E A),*+D-.FAB,'()' & τ, 9 6, : 5.F*5('AAF. A+A C 6,9πΣ ,8(0Σ%')&1-4%+)+AA2)A& A'%2&()AADFA' C τ,9DDC F =E *96,:6+6++8(06CCE E>AA>%%046CF 42!)AA:!:"2A@8BABCCCFDD))/F!= .AA)AA)A-=([email protected] C>AA6F2CA:=:54+AEEE'F2F5!= $425)A ED6)FDDF!= ABCDECFFFEE FB.-AA%A%+-D'ACAA.-4D 01E'AAA"A01EF'AB)A"A0/)++6FAA)1- !+D!F.F+FEF>CA-H+D6FF(F.FAF =AFE&(A 016')AAA-.'A&(A/*&AA+& 02)1F++A(A2+)'))0A(F 1-.( )'ABA*)AFAA)A+- 01 A+ ( A 7 ')A A ∆901: - . A 'A ) + , )A&*(&AFA*AA)AA06E-5AF4 !+F9EDDDD,(F<?DD,(F;;DDD,(+)2&-A)2DA(A'A+&( :< $- %(0∆10=7-0CF6-$1D'A∆I∆CEF7∝ ∆ A'A∆J∆CEF7∝0∆KE F*∆CE9D(,& 2)A-H+8&(AA'*AA06?-$1- ((%AF*(AAAD-.&+& ,AA%(A(/)%F(%A*&A- A6A%A,'A2%2AADD C C ; C $ Γ 9Cπ :C7 Σ . -
Resonant Moons of Neptune
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-901-1, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Resonant moons of Neptune Marina Brozović (1), Mark R. Showalter (2), Robert A. Jacobson (1), Robert S. French (2), Jack L. Lissauer (3), Imke de Pater (4) (1) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, USA, (2) SETI Institute, California, USA, (3) NASA Ames Research Center, California, USA, (4) University of California Berkeley, California, USA Abstract We used integrated orbits to fit astrometric data of the 2. Methods regular moons of Neptune. We found a 73:69 inclination resonance between Naiad and Thalassa, the 2.1 Observations two innermost moons. Their resonant argument librates around 180° with an average amplitude of The astrometric data cover the period from 1981-2016, ~66° and a period of ~1.9 years. This is the first fourth- with the most significant amount of data originating order resonance discovered between the moons of the from the Voyager 2 spacecraft and HST. Voyager 2 outer planets. The resonance enabled an estimate of imaged all regular satellites except Hippocamp the GMs for Naiad and Thalassa, GMN= between 1989 June 7 and 1989 August 24. The follow- 3 -2 3 0.0080±0.0043 km s and GMT=0.0236±0.0064 km up observations originated from several Earth-based s-2. More high-precision astrometry of Naiad and telescopes, but the majority were still obtained by HST. Thalassa will help better constrain their masses. The [4] published the latest set of the HST astrometry GMs of Despina, Galatea, and Larissa are more including the discovery and follow up observations of difficult to measure because they are not in any direct Hippocamp. -
Artificial Intelligence for Interstellar Travel
Artificial Intelligence for Interstellar Travel Andreas M. Hein1 and Stephen Baxter2 1Initiative for Interstellar Studies, Bone Mill, New Street, Charfield, GL12 8ES, United Kingdom 2c/o Christopher Schelling, Selectric Artists, 9 Union Square 123, Southbury, CT 06488, USA. November 20, 2018 Abstract The large distances involved in interstellar travel require a high degree of spacecraft autonomy, realized by artificial intelligence. The breadth of tasks artificial intelligence could perform on such spacecraft involves maintenance, data collection, designing and constructing an infrastructure using in-situ resources. Despite its importance, exist- ing publications on artificial intelligence and interstellar travel are limited to cursory descriptions where little detail is given about the nature of the artificial intelligence. This article explores the role of artificial intelligence for interstellar travel by compiling use cases, exploring capabilities, and proposing typologies, system and mission archi- tectures. Estimations for the required intelligence level for specific types of interstellar probes are given, along with potential system and mission architectures, covering those proposed in the literature but also presenting novel ones. Finally, a generic design for interstellar probes with an AI payload is proposed. Given current levels of increase in computational power, a spacecraft with a similar computational power as the human brain would have a mass from dozens to hundreds of tons in a 2050 { 2060 timeframe. Given that the advent of the first interstellar missions and artificial general intelligence are estimated to be by the mid-21st century, a more in-depth exploration of the re- lationship between the two should be attempted, focusing on neglected areas such as protecting the artificial intelligence payload from radiation in interstellar space and the role of artificial intelligence in self-replication. -
Perfect Little Planet Educator's Guide
Educator’s Guide Perfect Little Planet Educator’s Guide Table of Contents Vocabulary List 3 Activities for the Imagination 4 Word Search 5 Two Astronomy Games 7 A Toilet Paper Solar System Scale Model 11 The Scale of the Solar System 13 Solar System Models in Dough 15 Solar System Fact Sheet 17 2 “Perfect Little Planet” Vocabulary List Solar System Planet Asteroid Moon Comet Dwarf Planet Gas Giant "Rocky Midgets" (Terrestrial Planets) Sun Star Impact Orbit Planetary Rings Atmosphere Volcano Great Red Spot Olympus Mons Mariner Valley Acid Solar Prominence Solar Flare Ocean Earthquake Continent Plants and Animals Humans 3 Activities for the Imagination The objectives of these activities are: to learn about Earth and other planets, use language and art skills, en- courage use of libraries, and help develop creativity. The scientific accuracy of the creations may not be as im- portant as the learning, reasoning, and imagination used to construct each invention. Invent a Planet: Students may create (draw, paint, montage, build from household or classroom items, what- ever!) a planet. Does it have air? What color is its sky? Does it have ground? What is its ground made of? What is it like on this world? Invent an Alien: Students may create (draw, paint, montage, build from household items, etc.) an alien. To be fair to the alien, they should be sure to provide a way for the alien to get food (what is that food?), a way to breathe (if it needs to), ways to sense the environment, and perhaps a way to move around its planet. -
Neptune and Triton: Essential Pieces of the Solar System Puzzle A
Neptune and Triton: Essential pieces of the Solar System puzzle A. Masters, N. Achilleos, C.B. Agnor, S. Campagnola, S. Charnoz, B. Christophe, A.J. Coates, L.N. Fletcher, G.H. Jones, L. Lamy, et al. To cite this version: A. Masters, N. Achilleos, C.B. Agnor, S. Campagnola, S. Charnoz, et al.. Neptune and Triton: Essential pieces of the Solar System puzzle. Planetary and Space Science, Elsevier, 2014, 104, pp.108- 121. 10.1016/j.pss.2014.05.008. hal-02547155 HAL Id: hal-02547155 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02547155 Submitted on 1 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Neptune and Triton: Essential pieces of the Solar System puzzle 2 3 A. Mastersa, N. Achilleosb,c, C. B. Agnord, S. Campagnolaa, S. Charnoze,f, 4 B. Christopheg, A. J. Coatesc,h, L. N. Fletcheri, G. H. Jonesc,h, L. Lamyj, F. Marzarik, 5 N. Nettelmannl, J. Ruizm, R. Ambrosin, N. Andreo, A. Bhardwajp, J. J. Fortneyl, 6 C. J. Hansenq, R. Helledr, G. Moragas-Klostermeyers, G. Ortont, L. Rayb,c, S. 7 Reynaudu, N. Sergisv, R. Sramas, M. -
Flight in the Jovian Stratosphere. Engine Concept and Flight Altitude
Flight in the Jovian Stratosphere – Engine Concept and Flight Altitude Determination Nedislav S. Veselinov,1 Martin N. Karanikolov, 1 Vladislav V. Shihskin1, Dimitar M. Mladenov2 Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria An effective method for detailed observation of the Solar System planets is the use of vehicles that can perform flight in their atmospheres, with the most promising of them being Flyers (aircraft for other planets atmospheres). Besides the advantage of probing the atmosphere directly, they have the ability to fly on selected direction and altitude, making them suitable for collecting information over large areas. Equipping the Flyer with nuclear propulsion will allow it to conduct flight for months without the need of combustible fuel or oxidizer to be carried on board. Among the planets of the Solar System and their satellites, Jupiter is a viable target for exploration, since it features thick atmosphere suitable for aerodynamic flight, there is no solid surface that can be contaminated after end of the mission, and the atmospheric data for designing a Flyer is readily available. This paper proposes a mathematical model for evaluating the thrust, the lift and the maximum allowable mass for horizontal steady flight as functions of the altitude and different heat chamber temperatures. I. Introduction F ROM the beginning of the space era, over thirty probes have been sent into the atmosphere or landed on the surface of the other planets in the Solar System. However, most of them lacked the capability for sustained flight. The only vehicles that successfully reached and conducted continuous flight in the atmosphere of a planet other than the Earth were the Vega-1 and Vega-2 balloons in 1985. -
YEAR in REVIEW 2011 a PUBLICATION of the AMERICAN INSTITUTE of AERONAUTICS and ASTRONAUTICS Change Your Perception of MESHING
cover-fin12-2011_AA Template 11/18/11 11:37 AM Page 1 11 AMERICA AEROSPACE December 2011 DECEMBER 2011 YEAR IN REVIEW 2011 A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS change your perception of MESHING VISIT US AT THE AIAA AEROSPACE SCIENCES MEETING 9-12 JANUARY 2012 > THIS IS NOT THE FUNNEST PART OF THE PROJECT. You’re not generating a computational grid for pleasure. It’s simply a necessary step in the process of completing your analysis, so you can improve the performance of your design. With its intuitive interface, high-level automation, and sophisticated grid generation algorithms, Pointwise helps ease you through the process. Try it for free, and see how Pointwise can reduce your meshing pain. POINTWISE. Reliable People, Reliable Tools, Reliable CFD Meshing. Toll Free (800) 4PTWISE www.pointwise.com toc.DEC2011a_AA Template 11/17/11 10:46 AM Page 1 December 2011 EDITORIAL 3 OUT OF THE PAST 76 2011 SUBJECT AND AUTHOR INDEX 78 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES 84 THE YEAR IN REVIEW Adaptive structures 4 Intelligent systems 39 Aeroacoustics 12 Legal aspects 32 Aerodynamic decelerators 25 Life sciences 56 Aerodynamic measurement Lighter-than-air systems 30 technology 13 Liquid propulsion 51 Aerospace power systems 44 Materials 6 Aerospace traffic management 68 Meshing, visualization and Air-breathing propulsion systems computational environments 21 integration 45 Nondeterministic approaches 7 Aircraft design 26 Nuclear and future flight Air transportation 24 propulsion 52 Applied aerodynamics 14 Plasmadynamics and lasers