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NATIONAL ACADEMIES of SCIENCES and ENGINEERING NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA

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NATIONAL ACADEMIES of SCIENCES and ENGINEERING NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNITED STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEE International Union of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting 4-8 January 2000 Sponsored by USNC/URSI University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado U.S.A. United States National Committee INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS National Radio Science Meeting 4-8 January 2000 Sponsored by USNC/URSI NOTE: Programs and Abstracts of the USNC/URSI Meetings are available from: USNC/URSI National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418 at $5 for 1983-1999 meetings. The full papers are not published in any collected format; requests for them should be addressed to the authors who may have them published on their own initiative. Please note that these meetings are national. They are not organized by the International Union, nor are the programs available from the International Secretariat. ii MEMBERSHIP United States National Committee INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE Chair: Gary Brown* Secretary & Chair-Elect: Umran S. !nan* Immediate Past Chair: Susan K. Avery* Members Representing Societies, Groups, and Institutes: American Astronomical Society Thomas G. Phillips American Geophysical Union Donald T. Farley American Meteorological Society vacant IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Linda P.B. Katehi IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Society Roger Lang IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Arthur A. Oliner Members-at-Large: Amalia Barrios J. Richard Fisher Melinda Picket-May Ronald Pogorzelski W. Ross Stone Richard Ziolkowski Chairs of the USNC/URSI Commissions: Commission A Moto Kanda Commission B Piergiorgio L. E. Uslenghi Commission C Alfred 0. Hero Commission D Alan Mickelson Commission E Jon Schoenberg Commission F Edgeworth R. Westwater Commission G John C. Foster Commission H Min-Chang Lee Commission J Peter Napier Commission K Frank S. Barnes Officers, Chairs and Vice Chairs of Commissions ofURSI residing in the United States: Past President Thomas B. A. Senior Chair, Commission E Robert L. Gardner Chair, Commission J Jackie N. Hewitt Vice Chair, Commission A Quirino Balzano Vice Chair, Commission H Umran S. Inan * Member ofUSNC/URSI Executive Committee iii DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE The International Union of Radio Science is one of the world scientific unions organized under the International Council of Scientific Unions ([CSU). It is commonly designated as URS! (from its French name, Union Radio Scientifique Internationale). Its aims are (1) to promote the scientific study of radio communications, (2) to aid and organize radio research requiring cooperation on an international scale and to encourage the discussion and publication of the results, (3) to facilitate agreement upon common methods of measurement and the standardization of measuring instruments, and ( 4) to stimulate and to coordinate studies of the scientific aspects of telecommunications using electromagnetic waves, guided and unguided. The International Union itself is an organizational framework to aid in promoting these objectives. The actual technical work is largely done by the National Committee in the various countries. The new officers of the International Union are: President: Hiroshi Matsumoto (Japan) Past President: Thomas B. A. Senior (U.S.A.) Vice Presidents: Kristian Schlegel (Germany) Joseph Shapira (Israel) Andrzej W. Wernik (Poland Paul H. Wittke (Canada) Secretary-General: Paul Lagasse (Belgium) Assistant Secretary-General: Peter Van Daele Administrative Secretary: Inge Heleu The Secretary-General's office and the headquarters of the organi­ zation are located at Avenue Albert Lancaster, 32, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. The Union is supported by contributions (dues) from 38 member countries. Additional funds for symposia and other scientific activities of the Union are provided by !CSU from contributions received for this purpose from UNESCO. The international Union, as of the XXVth General Assembly held in Kyoto, Japan, August 13-September 2, 1999, has ten bodies called Commissions for centralizing studies in the principal technical fields. Every three years the International Union holds a meeting called the General Assembly. The next is the XXV!th, to be held in August, 2002, in Maastricht, the Netherlands. The Secretariat prepares and distributes the Proceedings of the General Assemblies. The International Union V arranges international symposia on specific subjects pertaining to the work of one or several Commissions and also cooperates with other Unions in international symposia on subjects of joint interest. Radio is unique among the fields of scientific work in having a specific adaptability to large-scale international research programs, since many of the phenomena that must be studied are worldwide in extent and yet are in a measure subject to control by experimenters. Exploration of space and the extension of scientific observations to the space environment are dependent on radio for their research. One branch, radio astronomy, involves cosmic phenomena. URS! thus has a distinct field of usefulness in furnishing a meeting ground for the numerous workers in the manifold aspects of radio research; its meetings and committee activities furnish valuable means of promoting research through exchange of ideas. Steering Committee: D. Cook P. L. Jensen D. Thorsen R. Frehlich J. McKie Technical Program Committee: G.S. Brown, Chairperson S.K. Avery U. !nan M. Picket-May D. Wilton E Barnes M. Kanda L. Scharf R. Frehlich M.-C. Lee J. Schoenberg A. Gasiewski P. Napier D. Thorsen vi Wednesday Morning, January 5, 2000 Session Al, 08:55 AM, Wed., Room 151 METROLOGY FOR DETECTION OF BURIED OBJECTS Chairpersons: LS. Riggs, Auburn Univ ([email protected]) J. Harvey, Army Research Office ([email protected]) Al-1 UXOCOE MASTER PLAN FOR QUANTITATNE TESTING OF UXO 09:00 SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES Richard Weaver, Director Joint Unexploded Ordnance Coordinating Office Attn: AMSEL-RD-UXO-CO 10221 Burbeck Road Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-5806 Denis M. Reidy E-OIR Measurements, Inc. P.O. Box 1240 Spotsylvania, VA 22553-1240 Fairly comparing the detection and discrimination performance of sensors or systems is always difficult. A useful comparison is nearly impossible in uncontrolled test situations. The Unexploded Ordnance Center of Excellence (UXOCOE) proposes measuring performance using a set of standard test locations, targets, and protocols that are administered by an impartial entity. This paper briefly outlines a master plan to establish standard test sites, protocols, and procedures for Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) sensors. Since the 1990's, significant investments by both the government and private industry have produced an exciting array of promising developments in sensors for detection of buried munitions, both ordnance and mines. Technologies such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), magnetometry, electro-magnetic induction (EMI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are just a few examples that form the basis for many UXO detection sensors under development. Within each of these technology categories of UXO sensors, there are a number of different technical approaches being sold as the "best" way to exploit the respective technology. In addition, sensor fusion concepts (i.e. using more than one sensor technology) are being explored in an effort to bring the best of each technology to bear in solving the UXO problem. The UXO industry (both military and civilian) cannot reasonably equally support every technology and sensor type being explored and promoted today. Rather, a tradeoff must occur in which only those technologies that are the most superior (both technically and economically) will become the de facto industry standards. Since it is unclear at this point which technotogies and sensors types are superior, deciding how to wisely invest scarce R&D funds in this environment is complex. Al We-AM Al-2 SPLITTING OF DEGERATE NATURAL MODES FOR 09:20 BURIED TARGETS WITH ALMOST-02 SYMMETRY Carl E. Baum Air Force Research Laboratory DEHP 3550 Aberdeen Ave. SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776 A recent paper [C.E. Baum, Interaction Note 523, 1996] has introduced a target signature based on continuous two-dimensional rotational symmetry with axial symmetry planes (C,,a =02 symmetry). For wavelengths on the order of the target dimensions, this is sufficient to give zero backscattering cross polarization in the usual radar h, v coordinates ---> where the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the 1 h direction: Furthermore this property remains as the radar is moved around the target. For targets on or under the ground surface, this also allows for a vertically stratified earth which maintains the above symmetry. Note that it is the lack of something (the h, v backscattering) which is the signature. As such this can be referred to as a vampire signature, a vampire not seeing its reflection in a mirror (in this case the h, v mirror), at least according to legend. This signature has now been experimentally observed [L. Carin, R. Kapoor, and C.E. Baum, IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, pp. 1985-1988, 1998]. Note that for SAR ( synthetic aperture radar) measurements the 0 2 symmetry is important since measurements are made from many azimuthal angles around the target. For buried targets and associated lossy dielectric half space with 0 2 symmetry (vertical rotation axis and axial symmetry planes, infinite in number) there is a two-fold degeneracy
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