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Yaoshania and Erromyzon Kalotaenia, a New Genus and a New Species of Balitorid Loaches from Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)

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Yaoshania and Erromyzon Kalotaenia, a New Genus and a New Species of Balitorid Loaches from Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) Zootaxa 3586: 173–186 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5B387626-0565-4363-8CC0-7EC92D72E95C Yaoshania and Erromyzon kalotaenia, a new genus and a new species of balitorid loaches from Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) JIAN YANG1,2, MAURICE KOTTELAT3, JUN-XING YANG1, 4 & XIAO-YONG CHEN1, 4 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kun- ming, Yunnan, 650223, P.R. China 2School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected] 3Route de la Baroche 12, Case postale 57, 2952 Cornol, Switzerland (permanent address); and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Yaoshania, new genus, is described with Protomyzon pachychilus as type species. Yaoshania is distinguished from other genera of Balitoridae by its larger gill opening, a lip lamina at angle of mouth, and the rostral fold with four notches to accommodate rostral barbels. A lectotype is designated for Y. pachychilus. Erromyzon kalotaenia, new species, is de- scribed from Guangxi, China. It is distinguished from other species of Erromyzon by the very reduced median lobe of the rostral fold; the lower lip distinctly covered with melanophores; and the color pattern on the flank. A key to the species of Erromyzon is provided. Key words: Yaoshania, new genus, Erromyzon, new species, China Introduction Hora (1932) described the genus Protomyzon from Borneo, with P. whiteheadi (Vaillant 1893) as type species. Later, three more species were described, also from Borneo: P. borneensis Hora & Jayaram 1952, P. gri swo ld i (Hora & Jayaram1952) and P. aphelocheilus Inger & Chin 1962. Two further species of Protomyzon were described from China: P. si ne n sis Chen 1980b and P. pachychilus Chen 1980b. Kottelat (2004) re-examined the genus Protomyzon while describing Katibasia, and commented that its distribution is restricted to Borneo and that the Chinese species belong to a distinct genus that he named Erromyzon. He included two species in Erromyzon: E. sinensis from China and E. compactus, a species that he dscribed from northeastern Vietnam. Kottelat (2004) had no access to material of Protomyzon pachychilus, which is only found in streams of the Dayaoshan mountain in Guangxi (China). He commented that P. pachychilus is unlikely to be an Erromyzon. Neely et al. (2007) described another new species of Erromyzon, E. yangi, also from Guangxi. At present, three species are recognized in the genus Erromyzon, all from northeastern Vietnam and southern China. In this study, we show that P. pachychilus represents a distinct genus. We also describe a new species of Erromyzon from Guangxi. Materials and methods Methods for most counts and measurements follow Chu & Chen (1989). Measurements are projections on the horizontal axis, except for gill opening length, which is measured point-to-point between the dorsal and ventral extremities. Measurements were taken with digital calipers and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. The last two branched rays are counted as one when borne by the same pterygiophore. Specimens examined are deposited in the collection of Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ), Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore (ZRC), and Accepted by R. Pethiyagoda: 29 Oct. 2012; published: 14 Dec. 2012 173 the Freshwater Fish Museum of Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Data on Erromyzon compactus are from Kottelat (2004), morphometric data on E. yangi and Y. pachychilus are from Neely et al. (2007). FIGURE 1. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of Yaoshania pachychilus, KIZ 200241775, 46.9 mm SL, Dayaoshan Mountain, Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China. Yaoshania, new genus Type species. Protomyzon pachychilus Chen 1980b (Figs. 1, 2A, 3A). Etymology. The generic name is derived from the Dayaoshan, the mountain from where the type species was recorded. Gender feminine. Diagnosis. Yaoshania is distinguished from all other genera of Balitoridae by: a unique enlarged lip lamina at angle of mouth (Fig. 3A), connecting the upper lip and maxillary. Other characters useful to diagnose the genus, but not unique to it are: gill opening large, with the ventral extremity reaching lower extremity of pectoral-fin base (Fig. 2A); upper lip and rostral fold separated by a groove, rostral fold with four notches to accommodate rostral barbels; two pairs of rostral barbels and one pair of maxillary barbels; a small fleshy lobe present posterior to each maxillary barbel; pectoral fin with one simple and 17–18 branched rays; pelvic fin with one simple and 8–9 branched rays; side of body lacking vertical blotches in adult; lateral line with 71–75 scales. We retain the wording 'lip lamina' (as used by Chen 1980a) for the flange of skin originating under the lateral part of the upper lip and continuous with the maxillary barbel. This flange appears as if pinched between the rostral 174 · Zootaxa 3586 © 2012 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. fold and the upper lip. We have not observed significant ontogenetic differences in the development of the lamina in our material. FIGURE 2. Lateral view of head in: (A) Yaoshania pachychilus, KIZ 200241775, 46.9 mm SL, (B) Erromyzon kalotaenia, KIZ 200304310, holotype, 41.3 mm SL, (C) E. sinensis KIZ 2005009985, 46.2 mm SL, and (D) E. yangi, KIZ 200304423, 42.8 mm SL. Arrows indicate extremities of gill opening. Yaoshania pachychilus (Chen 1980b) Protomyzon pachychilus (Chen 1980b): 106, type locality: Dayaoshan Mountain, Jinxiu County, Xi Jiang (a tributary of the Pearl River); Yue 1981: 169; Chen & Zheng 1989: 249; Chen & Tang 2000: 477; Kottelat 2004: 301; Neely et al. 2007: 97; Kong et al. 2008: 243. Material examined. IHB 8, lectotype, 57.7 mm SL, IHB 7, 12–14, 4 paralectotypes 27.6–56.0 mm SL, Dayaoshan Mountain, Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China.—KIZ 200241648–200241649, 200243055, 200243060–200243061, 200243063–200243064, 200243068, 200243080–200243081, 200241655, 11, 34.4–51.2 mm SL, Meicun village (Meicun river) (24°08′23.0″N, 110°06′49.0″E), Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China; Kong De Ping, 11 April 2002.—KIZ 2008007849, 2008007851, 2008007856, 2008007857, 4, 19.0–24.4 mm SL, Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China; Lan Jia Hu, 2008.—KIZ 2002005610, 2002005621, 2002005648, Shibajia, Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China; Kong De Ping, 2002.—ZRC 53443, 4, 15.0–23.0 mm SL; aquarium import, from China; don. P. Yap, 14 December 2011. Diagnosis. See generic diagnosis. NEW BALITORIDS FROM GUANGXI, CHINA Zootaxa 3586 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 175 Description. Morphometric characters of Y. pachychilus are given in Table 1. See Figure 1 for general appearance and Figure 3A for ventral view of head. Body moderately elongate, anterior part cylindrical, posterior part compressed. Head length greater than head width. Snout blunt. Anterior and posterior nostrils close together, anterior nostril with a short tubular flap. Eye small, 10.4–16.2% of head length, eye diameter shorter than gill opening length. Interorbital width shorter than snout length, 39.5–53.8% of head length. Gill opening large, its ventral extremity at lower extremity of pectoral-fin base. Mouth inferior, width 32.9–45.2% of head width. Rostral fold with four notches to accommodate rostral barbels; notches create three lobes of rostral fold; middle lobe largest, crescentic. A maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, longer than rostral barbels. A groove present between rostral fold and upper lip. Lip lamina at angle of mouth. A small fleshy lobe present posterior to each maxillary barbel on lower lip. Lips smooth, lower lip fleshy and laterally enlarged. Lower jaw arched, with radial grooves on surface. Dorsal fin inserted posterior to midpoint of body, with 3 simple and 7 branched rays, longest dorsal-fin ray shorter than head length; pectoral fin with 1 simple and 16–17 branched rays; pectoral-fin length greater than head length, last 4 or 5 branched pectoral rays shorter, close to flank; tip of pectoral fin reaching two-thirds of distance between pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origins; pelvic-fin origin posterior or opposite to vertical through dorsal-fin origin, with 1 simple and 7–8 branched rays, tip of pelvic fin reaching anus; anal fin with 3 simple and 5 branched rays, reaching caudal-fin base. Caudal fin shallowly emarginate, lower lobe slightly longer than upper one. Lateral line complete, with 71–75 scales. No tubercles observed on side of body. FIGURE 3. Ventral view of head in: (A) Yaoshania pachychilus, KIZ 200241655, 51.2 mm SL, (B) Erromyzon kalotaenia, KIZ 200304314, 47.8 mm SL, (C) E. sinensis KIZ 200304306, 39.8 mm SL, and (D) E. yangi, KIZ 200304423, 42.8 SL. ell, enlarged lip lamina; fl, flesh lobe; lj, lower jaw; ll, lower lip; mb, maxillary barbel; rb, rostral barbels; rf, rostral fold; rg, rostral groove; sp, small papilla; uj, upper jaw; ul, upper lip. 176 · Zootaxa 3586 © 2012 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. TABLE 1. Morphometric characters of Yaoshania pachychilus, Erromyzon kalotaenia, E. sinensis and E. yangi (mean±SD). Data for E. yangi and Y. pachychilus from Neely et al. (2007). Y. pachychilus E. kalotaenia E. sinensis E. yangi (n = 10) (n = 9) (n = 22) (n
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