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Fandom, Fanwork Y Aprendizaje No Formal En La Red

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Fandom, Fanwork Y Aprendizaje No Formal En La Red UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN TESIS DOCTORAL Fandom, fanwork y aprendizaje no formal en la red MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Cristina de los Ríos Izquierdo Directora María Dolores Cáceres Zapatero Madrid © Cristina de los Ríos Izquierdo, 2021 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN FANDOM, FANWORK Y APRENDIZAJE NO FORMAL EN LA RED Cristina de los Ríos Izquierdo. Dirigida por: Dra. María Dolores Cáceres Zapatero. Agradecimientos Gracias a mi directora, por su paciencia infinita y su gran trabajo, sin el cual nunca hubiera podido terminar este proyecto. Gracias a mis padres, que nunca perdieron la fe en que en algún momento la terminaría y me han dado ánimos y apoyo en cada paso del camino. Gracias a mis amigas fans, compañeras infatigables de unos cuantos fandoms , que fueron mis conejillos de indias, que me ayudaron en todo, que no se cansaron de mí en ningún momento. Sois las mejores. Gracias a mis beta-readers , muchísimas gracias. Gracias a todas las aca/fans que conocí en el camino, me ayudasteis muchísimo, un placer y una alegría haberos conocido. Gracias infinitas a todos aquellos fans y miembros de diferentes fandoms que de una manera u otra, me han ayudado a realizar esta tesis. Que me regalaron su tiempo para que los acribillara a preguntas, que contestaron con paciencia un cuestionario larguísimo y aún me animaban y me hacían sugerencias a través de las redes sociales y me seguían retuiteando. Especialmente gracias a Marion, Mrs.Mancuspia, Clara2222, DeyaRedfield, Enia, Agente de Marvel, Sixphanel, Slayerrr, Lizeeeee, Sra. Cheg, KalEl el Vigilante, Lady Sil y Thetrueinyoureyes (orden en el que fueron entrevistados) personas talentosas y buenas que me dedicaron una hora de su vida, en algunos casos mucho más, en unos horarios extrañísimos, en algunas circunstancias muy raras, con problemas técnicos incluidos, para que pudiera entrevistarlos y grabarlos, para hacerlos pasar a la posteridad. Muchísimas gracias a todos. ÍNDICE RESUMEN .................................................................................................................... 11 PALABRAS CLAVE .................................................................................................... 17 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. 19 KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................ 24 INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................ 25 PRIMERA PARTE ...................................................................................................... 27 1. DISEÑO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ...................................................................... 29 1.1. ANTECEDENTES DE LA CUESTIÓN Y PUNTO DE PARTIDA .................. 29 1.2 OBJETO Y OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ......................................... 32 1.2.1. OBJETO DE ESTUDIO................................................................................ 32 1.2.2. OBJETIVO GENERAL ................................................................................ 33 1.2.3. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ........................................................................ 33 1.3. PREGUNTAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN ............................................................... 34 1.4. METODOLOGÍA ................................................................................................ 35 2. MARCO TEÓRICO ................................................................................................. 39 2.1. EL FANDOM ....................................................................................................... 39 2.2.1. EL FANDOM, UNA DEFINICIÓN IMPRECISA ........................................ 39 2.1.2. ANTECEDENTES, EL FANDOM ANTES DE SERLO ............................. 45 2.1.3. STAR TREK: EL COMIENZO DE LAS COMUNIDADES DE FANS COMO LAS CONOCEMOS EN LA ACTUALIDAD .......................................... 51 2.1.4. EXPEDIENTE X: LAS PRIMERAS COMUNIDADES VIRTUALES DE FANS ....................................................................................................................... 57 2.1.5. EJEMPLOS DE FANDOMS SIGNIFICATIVOS......................................... 72 2.2. LOS FANS EN EL FANDOM ............................................................................. 81 2.2.1. TIPOS DE FANS: DIFERENTES ROLES PARA UN MISMO FANDOM 83 2.2.2. CUESTIÓN DE GÉNERO: HOMBRES Y MUJERES EN EL FANDOM . 87 7 2.2.3. LA MOTIVACIÓN DEL FAN. PERTENECER A… .................................. 90 2.3. ACTIVIDADES CREADORAS EN EL FANDOM ........................................... 92 2.3.1. FANFICTION, LITERATURA FAN ............................................................ 93 2.3.2. FANART, EL ARTE FAN ........................................................................... 111 2.3.2. VIDDING, LOS VÍDEOS DE LOS FANS ................................................. 121 2.3.3. FANFILMS, LAS PELÍCULAS HECHAS POR LOS FANS .................... 132 2.3.4. FANSUB, LOS SUBTÍTULOS HECHOS POR FANS .............................. 138 2.3.5. OTROS ........................................................................................................ 147 2.4. COPYRIGHT Y DERECHOS DE AUTOR. .................................................... 151 SEGUNDA PARTE .................................................................................................... 161 3. PREGUNTANDO A LOS FANS ACERCA DE LOS FANS. UN CUESTIONARIO DE AUTOCONOCIMIENTO. .................................................. 163 3.1. ¿QUIÉNES SON, DÓNDE ESTÁN Y QUÉ HACEN LOS FANS? ................ 175 3.1.1. ¿QUIÉNES SON? ....................................................................................... 175 3.1.2. ¿DÓNDE ESTÁN? ..................................................................................... 178 3.1.3. ¿QUÉ HACEN? .......................................................................................... 182 3.1.4. SU VIDA COMO FANS ............................................................................ 185 3.2. PRODUCTOS CULTURALES QUE MÁS INTERESAN A LOS FANS. ...... 188 3.3. EL FANDOM ..................................................................................................... 197 3.4. ACTIVIDADES EN EL FANDOM ................................................................... 204 3.5. TIPOS DE FANS, SEGÚN ACTIVIDADES .................................................... 210 3.5.1. LOS ESCRITORES DE FANFICTION ...................................................... 211 3.5.2. LOS BETA-READERS ................................................................................ 236 3.5.3. LOS LECTORES DE FANFICTION .......................................................... 253 3.5.4. LOS CREADORES DE FANART .............................................................. 267 3.5.5. LOS FANS DEL FANART .......................................................................... 284 3.5.6. LOS VIDDERS ............................................................................................ 295 8 3.5.7. LOS FANS DEL VIDDING ........................................................................ 312 3.6. CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................. 321 4. TRECE FAN ARTISTAS HABLAN SOBRE EL FANDOM ............................. 327 4.1. FANS ENTREVISTADOS ................................................................................ 327 4.2. EL FANDOM PARA FANS .............................................................................. 329 4.2.1. DEFINICIONES ......................................................................................... 329 4.2.2. VIDA EN EL FANDOM ............................................................................. 331 4.3. APRENDIZAJE DENTRO DEL FANDOM ..................................................... 348 4.3.1. APRENDIZAJE DEL IDIOMA INGLÉS .................................................. 348 4.3.2. ESCRITURA CREATIVA ......................................................................... 351 4.3.3. CREACIÓN MULTIMEDIA ...................................................................... 357 4.3.4. OTRO TIPO DE APRENDIZAJES ............................................................ 361 4.4. CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................. 366 TERCERA PARTE .................................................................................................... 369 5. GLOSARIO. UN PEQUEÑO DICCIONARIO PARA EL FANDOM .............. 371 6. CONCLUSIONES FINALES ................................................................................ 381 6.1. EL FANDOM, DONDE ENCONTRAMOS AL FAN ...................................... 381 6.1.1. SOBRE LA DEFINICIÓN DEL FANDOM. EN BUSCA DE UNA DEFINICIÓN REAL............................................................................................. 381 6.1.2. SOBRE LOS FANS ¿QUIÉNES SON Y CUÁLES SON SUS CARACTERÍSTICAS MÁS REPRESENTATIVAS? ......................................... 382 6.1.3. SOBRE LAS ACTIVIDADES QUE SE REALIZAN. NO SOLO DE FANFICTION, FANART Y VIDDING VIVE EL FAN ........................................ 385 6.1.4. SOBRE LA TERMINOLOGÍA QUE SE UTILIZA. ................................. 387 6.2. AUTOFORMACIÓN Y PRÁCTICAS COLABORATIVAS EN LA RED ....
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