Design and Evaluation of a Smartphone Keyboard for Plains Cree Syllabics

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Design and Evaluation of a Smartphone Keyboard for Plains Cree Syllabics Proceedings of the 1st Joint SLTU and CCURL Workshop (SLTU-CCURL 2020), pages 88–96 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2020), Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC Design and Evaluation of a Smartphone Keyboard for Plains Cree Syllabics Eddie Antonio Santos∗†, Atticus G. Harrigany ∗National Research Council Canada [email protected] yAlberta Language Technology Lab University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada {easantos,Atticus.Harrigan}@ualberta.ca Abstract Plains Cree is a less-resourced language in Canada. To promote its usage online, we describe previous keyboard layouts for typing Plains Cree syllabics on smartphones. We describe our own solution whose development was guided by ergonomics research and corpus statistics. We then describe a case study in which three participants used a previous layout and our own, and we collected quantitative and qualitative data. We conclude that, despite observing accuracy improvements in user testing, introducing a brand new paradigm for typing Plains Cree syllabics may not be ideal for the community. Keywords: cree, syllabics, smartphone 1. Introduction family. It is the westernmost language of the Cree lan- guage continuum, and has been historically spoken by the nêhiyawak people in an area spanning present day north and central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and the eastern edge of British Columbia. As with many Indigenous languages in Canada, the use of Plains Cree was actively suppressed by government and institutional efforts (The Truth and Rec- onciliation Commission of Canada, 2015). Plains Cree is written primarily in two orthographies. The 123 (Cree Syllabics) ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ most commonly supported orthography by computers and smartphones is the standard Roman orthography (SRO), Figure 1: The virtual keyboard layout introduced in this pa- an alphabet that borrows the consonants ptkcshmnywrl and per for typing Plains Cree syllabics on iOS and Android vowels êiao from the Latin script (ISO 15924: Latn), and smartphones. denotes long vowels with either macron (ē ī ō ā) or circum- flex (ê î ô â) diacritics. Note that there is no short e vowel. To reclaim an minority language in the digital space, the language must be used and shared online. However, mi- nority language users of new media often resort to a ma- 3. ᒐᐦᑭᐯᐦᐃᑲᓇ: Writing in Syllabics jority language when writing online (Keegan et al., 2015). Syllabics or ᒐᐦᑭᐯᐦᐃᑲᓇ (cahkipêhikana) (ISO 15924: Ca- There is a need for quality mobile support for minority lan- ns) is a writing system created in the 1800s to write the guages (Cassels, 2019), such as Plains Cree. Having a good Swampy Cree language (Stevenson, 1999). Syllabics are mobile keyboard enables the language to be used online, used to write many Canadian Indigenous languages and of- and encourages the language’s use at home and in the class- ten have different conventions language to language. Such room. There is no well-established keyboard layout for languages include Inuktut, Eastern Cree dialects, and Dene Plain Cree syllabics, although there have been plenty of al- languages, among others. Their use for Plains Cree will be ternatives for smartphones (First Peoples’ Cultural Council, the focus of this paper. 2016; van Esch et al., 2019; Houle, 2018; Moshagen et al., The syllabics writing system is similar to an abugida—its 2016). In this paper, we explore the existing keyboard lay- primary graphemes represent a consonant-vowel pair, with outs, describe a few areas of improvement, and propose our the shape of each grapheme indicating the consonant of the own smartphone keyboard layout for writing in Plains Cree pair, and the orientation of the grapheme indicating the syllabics (Figure 1). We describe how we created our layout vowel of the pair. basing its key locations on ergonomics research and corpus For example, the graphemes ᐯ, ᐱ, ᐳ, ᐸ all have the statistics. We then describe a case study wherein we had same shape, which represents a syllable starting with the participants use our keyboard and compared it to an exist- /p/ sound; these graphemes represent the syllables /pe/, /pɪ/, ing solution. We conclude by discussing the preferences we /po/, /pɐ/, respectively. The graphemes ᑲ, ᓴ, ᒐ, ᒪ are all learned from the case study. oriented in the same way (the tips “point” to the southwest) which means they all contain the /ɐ/ vowel; these graphemes 2. nêhiyawêwin: the Cree Language represent the syllables /kɐ/, /sɐ/, /t͡ sɐ/, /mɐ/, respectively. Plains Cree (ISO 639-3: crk) or its endonym, ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ Syllables in Plains Cree have the general shape (C)(w)V- (nêhiyawêwin) is a member of the Algonquian language (C)(C), where C is a consonant and V is a vowel, and w is 88 Example 4.1 The FirstVoices Layout Category Elaboration Syllabic IPA SRO V Vowel ᐋ /ɑː/ â wV Syllable with /w/ as ᐚ /wɑː/ wâ onset CV Syllable with con- ᒌ /t͡ siː/ cî sonant onset CwV Syllable with con- ᓎ /nwɑː/ nwâ sonant + /w/ onset final Coda ᐤ /w/ w Table 1: The different syllabic categories used in this paper. Figure 2: The FirstVoices Plains Cree syllabics layout. The ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ (Plains Cree) keyboard layout (Figure 2) the /w/ sound1 (Wolfart, 1996). Given that most syllables was created by the First Peoples’ Cultural Council as part of in Plains Cree are predominately CV or CwV, the syllabics their FirstVoices Keyboards app (2016). The FirstVoices writing system is particularly well-suited for writing Plains Keyboards app is a suite of smartphone keyboard layouts Cree. Further, the writing system is thought to be more In- that covers all Indigenous languages in Canada. The tech- digenous and authentic than using the borrowed Latin writ- nology that allows the creation of many keyboard layouts ing system, thus it holds greater cultural value. is Keyman (2020), a keyboard creation engine. Keyman 3.1 Diacritics is embedded within the FirstVoices Keyboards app, and all of the keyboard layouts it provides—including The onset of a syllable, if present, is a consonant, or a conso- ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ (Plains Cree)—can be used standalone with the (separate) nant with an intervening /w/ sound. The /w/ sound is written Keyman app. Throughout the rest of this paper, we will re- in syllabics as a dot to the right-side of the (C)V syllabic. fer to this layout as the FirstVoices layout. For example, ᑌ represents the /te/ syllable; ᑘ, with a dot to the right, represents the /twe/ syllable. The FirstVoices layout uses a two page system: the initial Long vowels are denoted by putting a dot on top of a syl- page (Figure 2) displays all V and CV syllabics that have labic; for example, given the short vowels ᐃ (/ɪ/), ᐅ (/o/), the underlying /ɐ/ and /ɪ/ vowel. Below the CV syllabics ᐊ (/ɐ/), adding a dot diacritic on top of these vowels yields are all of the finals, with the exception of ᕽ. Pressing the the long vowels, ᐄ (/iː/) ᐆ (/oː/), and ᐋ (/ɑː/), respectively. key switches to the second page, which displays all V Note: although ᐁ (/e/) is considered to be a long vowel, it and CV syllabics that have the underlying /e/ and /o/ vowel, does not take a diacritic, as there is no short /e/ vowel. as well as keys for ᓬ (/l/), ᕒ (/r/), and ᕽ. To type a syllabic with a long vowel, the typist first types 3.2 Finals the V or CV syllabic with the corresponding short vowel. Codas in Plains Cree, if present, are one or two consonants Then, the typist must press the ̇ key, which has the effect written using syllabics called finals. Finals appear any- of adding a long vowel dot to the previously entered V or where in a word where a consonant cannot be paired with CV syllabic. To type a wV or CwV syllabic, one must first a vowel or an intervening /w/. For example, the word for type the corresponding V or CV syllabic, including long horse, /mɪstɐtɪm/, is written as ᒥᐢᑕᑎᒼ in syllabics. The fi- vowel dot, and then press the ᐧ key; this places a middle nals correspond to /s/ and /m/ phonemes, respectively, and dot after the corresponding syllabic. are the two consonants in the word that are not followed by a This layout has the advantage of having a shallow learning vowel or a /w/ + vowel pair. There are three special finals: ᐦ curve; All V and CV syllabics are one or two presses away. for writing /h/ anywhere in a word; ᐤ for words that end with However, since there are 40 V and CV syllabics, plus 13 fi- /w/; and ᕽ for words that end with /hk/; Every consonant in nals, this keyboard makes the decision to split them in half. Plains Cree has a corresponding final syllabic, though these Notably, syllables with the vowels /ɐ/ or /ɪ/ are more com- are not transparently related to their corresponding CV syl- mon in Plains Cree, so the keyboard made the right choice labic shape. in prioritizing which syllabics are immediately selectable. That said, the keyboard is still cramped; on our test device, 3.3 Categorizing Syllabics most keys on this layout are 5mm wide. In this paper, we define five categories for the Plains Cree The FirstVoices layout produces dubious Unicode charac- syllabics: V, wV, CV, CwV, and final (Table 1). The key- ter output. The Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics boards described in this paper (Sections 4, 5) each have dif- block of Unicode defines unique characters for all V, wV, ferent methods of typing characters in each category. CV, and CwV syllabics and includes finals specifically for use in Western Cree syllabics (The Unicode Consor- 4.
Recommended publications
  • The Evolution of Health Status and Health Determinants in the Cree Region (Eeyou Istchee)
    The Evolution of Health Status and Health Determinants in the Cree Region (Eeyou Istchee): Eastmain 1-A Powerhouse and Rupert Diversion Sectoral Report Volume 1: Context and Findings Series 4 Number 3: Report on the health status of the population Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay The Evolution of Health Status and Health Determinants in the Cree Region (Eeyou Istchee): Eastmain-1-A Powerhouse and Rupert Diversion Sectoral Report Volume 1 Context and Findings Jill Torrie Ellen Bobet Natalie Kishchuk Andrew Webster Series 4 Number 3: Report on the Health Status of the Population. Public Health Department of the Cree Territory of James Bay Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay. Authors Jill Torrie Cree Board of Health & Social Services of James Bay (Montreal) [email protected] Ellen Bobet Confluence Research and Writing (Gatineau) [email protected] Natalie Kishchuk Programme evaluation and applied social research consultant (Montreal) [email protected] Andrew Webster Analyst in health negotiations, litigation, and administration (Ottawa) [email protected] Series editor & co-ordinator: Jill Torrie, Cree Public Health Department Cover design: Katya Petrov [email protected] Photo credit: Catherine Godin This document can be found online at: www.Creepublichealth.org Reproduction is authorised for non-commercial purposes with acknowledgement of the source. Document deposited on Santécom (http://www. Santecom.qc.ca) Call Number: INSPQ-2005-18-2005-001 Legal deposit – 2nd trimester 2005 Bibliothèque Nationale du Québec National Library of Canada ISSN: 2-550-443779-9 © April 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Sounds to Graphemes Guide
    David Newman – Speech-Language Pathologist Sounds to Graphemes Guide David Newman S p e e c h - Language Pathologist David Newman – Speech-Language Pathologist A Friendly Reminder © David Newmonic Language Resources 2015 - 2018 This program and all its contents are intellectual property. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to digital copying and printing without the prior agreement and written permission of the author. However, I do give permission for class teachers or speech-language pathologists to print and copy individual worksheets for student use. Table of Contents Sounds to Graphemes Guide - Introduction ............................................................... 1 Sounds to Grapheme Guide - Meanings ..................................................................... 2 Pre-Test Assessment .................................................................................................. 6 Reading Miscue Analysis Symbols .............................................................................. 8 Intervention Ideas ................................................................................................... 10 Reading Intervention Example ................................................................................. 12 44 Phonemes Charts ................................................................................................ 18 Consonant Sound Charts and Sound Stimulation ....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Parietal Dysgraphia: Characterization of Abnormal Writing Stroke Sequences, Character Formation and Character Recall
    Behavioural Neurology 18 (2007) 99–114 99 IOS Press Parietal dysgraphia: Characterization of abnormal writing stroke sequences, character formation and character recall Yasuhisa Sakuraia,b,∗, Yoshinobu Onumaa, Gaku Nakazawaa, Yoshikazu Ugawab, Toshimitsu Momosec, Shoji Tsujib and Toru Mannena aDepartment of Neurology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan bDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan cDepartment of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Abstract. Objective: To characterize various dysgraphic symptoms in parietal agraphia. Method: We examined the writing impairments of four dysgraphia patients from parietal lobe lesions using a special writing test with 100 character kanji (Japanese morphograms) and their kana (Japanese phonetic writing) transcriptions, and related the test performance to a lesion site. Results: Patients 1 and 2 had postcentral gyrus lesions and showed character distortion and tactile agnosia, with patient 1 also having limb apraxia. Patients 3 and 4 had superior parietal lobule lesions and features characteristic of apraxic agraphia (grapheme deformity and a writing stroke sequence disorder) and character imagery deficits (impaired character recall). Agraphia with impaired character recall and abnormal grapheme formation were more pronounced in patient 4, in whom the lesion extended to the inferior parietal, superior occipital and precuneus gyri. Conclusion: The present findings and a review of the literature suggest that: (i) a postcentral gyrus lesion can yield graphemic distortion (somesthetic dysgraphia), (ii) abnormal grapheme formation and impaired character recall are associated with lesions surrounding the intraparietal sulcus, the symptom being more severe with the involvement of the inferior parietal, superior occipital and precuneus gyri, (iii) disordered writing stroke sequences are caused by a damaged anterior intraparietal area.
    [Show full text]
  • Residence Patterns and Related Aspects of Kinship Organization in a Swampy Cree Community
    Residence Patterns and Related Aspects of Kinship Organization in a Swampy Cree Community KATHRYN T. MOLOHON Laurentian University Introduction This paper examines residence patterns and related as­ pects of kinship organization in the contemporary Swampy Cree community of Attawapiskat, Ontario, Canada (see Honig- mann 1956, 1961; Molohon 1983, 1984a, 1984b; and Vezina 19- 78).' Attawapiskat is located at the mouth of the Attawapiskat River on the west coast of James Bay, and has a current pop­ ulation of about 1,000. During the first part of this century, the people under study were nomadic hunter-trappers who congregated around Hud­ son's Bay Company trading posts in the summer in order to trade their furs, buy supplies, and participate in religious and social activities. Beginning in the late 1960s, the majority of these people gradually became sedentarized in response to the introduction of government transfer payments (welfare pay­ ments), improved educational opportunities, access to medical and dental care, and improvements in both the availability and speed of long distance travel. The economy of modern day At­ tawapiskat is based on government transfer payments which are Research for this paper was funded by the Social Sciences and Hu­ manities Research Council of Canada Grant Number 410-82-0412. This support is gratefully acknowledged. I would also like to thank my research assistants in Attawapiskat, including John Edwards, Elizabeth Gull, and Gregory Hookimaw. 119 120 KATHRYN T. MOLOHON supplemented by hunting, fishing, gathering, trapping, and oc­ casional wage labor. Although traditional (pre-sedentarized) Swampy Cree culture is still very much in evidence, seden- tarization and modernization have been accompanied by the breakdown of geographic isolation, changes in the economy, diet, and health of the people, and changes in demographic parameters including residence patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuronal Dynamics of Grapheme-Color Synesthesia A
    Neuronal Dynamics of Grapheme-Color Synesthesia A Thesis Presented to The Interdivisional Committee for Biology and Psychology Reed College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts Christian Joseph Graulty May 2015 Approved for the Committee (Biology & Psychology) Enriqueta Canseco-Gonzalez Preface This is an ad hoc Biology-Psychology thesis, and consequently the introduction incorporates concepts from both disciplines. It also provides a considerable amount of information on the phenomenon of synesthesia in general. For the reader who would like to focus specifically on the experimental section of this document, I include a “Background Summary” section that should allow anyone to understand the study without needing to read the full introduction. Rather, if you start at section 1.4, findings from previous studies and the overall aim of this research should be fairly straightforward. I do not have synesthesia myself, but I have always been interested in it. Sensory systems are the only portals through which our conscious selves can gain information about the external world. But more and more, neuroscience research shows that our senses are unreliable narrators, merely secondary sources providing us with pre- processed results as opposed to completely raw data. This is a very good thing. It makes our sensory systems more efficient for survival- fast processing is what saves you from being run over or eaten every day. But the minor cost of this efficient processing is that we are doomed to a life of visual illusions and existential crises in which we wonder whether we’re all in The Matrix, or everything is just a dream.
    [Show full text]
  • Update: Cree Initiative
    FALL/WINTER 2018 WYCLIFFE.CA Update: Cree Initiative Progress: Current Goals: 380 verses have been translated Western Swampy Cree: Explore recently into Oji-Cree! A translation the possibility of Bible translation consultant visited twice this fall, projects with new contacts from working through checking their translation of Cross Lake and Shoal Lake Communities. Quick facts: the Gospel of Mark. Continue Swampy Cree language learning. Potential population impacted: 100,000 people The First Nations Translators workshop in Oji-Cree publish portions of Scripture, solidify Guelph, Ontario was a huge success. Larry the steps of the translation process with the Number of languages: Beardy, the new Anglican Bishop in the Oji-Cree translation team, provide technical At least five related Cree Western Swampy Cree area, said, “That was support, recruit more translators. languages the most thoughtful overall picture of one’s Naskapi final preparations for the publication Focus ministry: own language. It clears my thoughts about of the books of Exodus and Psalms, support Bible translation, training what has to be planned as a community.” the translation team with their current Old Language learning continues to take place for Testament translation projects. Geographic area: Canada the team assigned to Western Swampy Cree. Plains Cree:Continue audio-editing of the Timeline: 2012-2024 The second year of Vacation Bible School Bible for access on handheld devices and Total ministry year need was held in Kingfisher Lake and nearly half the Internet. (to August 20, 2019): $179,540 the children in the community participated Mushuau Innu, James Bay Cree, and other in the daycamp.
    [Show full text]
  • A STUDY of WRITING Oi.Uchicago.Edu Oi.Uchicago.Edu /MAAM^MA
    oi.uchicago.edu A STUDY OF WRITING oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu /MAAM^MA. A STUDY OF "*?• ,fii WRITING REVISED EDITION I. J. GELB Phoenix Books THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS oi.uchicago.edu This book is also available in a clothbound edition from THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS TO THE MOKSTADS THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO & LONDON The University of Toronto Press, Toronto 5, Canada Copyright 1952 in the International Copyright Union. All rights reserved. Published 1952. Second Edition 1963. First Phoenix Impression 1963. Printed in the United States of America oi.uchicago.edu PREFACE HE book contains twelve chapters, but it can be broken up structurally into five parts. First, the place of writing among the various systems of human inter­ communication is discussed. This is followed by four Tchapters devoted to the descriptive and comparative treatment of the various types of writing in the world. The sixth chapter deals with the evolution of writing from the earliest stages of picture writing to a full alphabet. The next four chapters deal with general problems, such as the future of writing and the relationship of writing to speech, art, and religion. Of the two final chapters, one contains the first attempt to establish a full terminology of writing, the other an extensive bibliography. The aim of this study is to lay a foundation for a new science of writing which might be called grammatology. While the general histories of writing treat individual writings mainly from a descriptive-historical point of view, the new science attempts to establish general principles governing the use and evolution of writing on a comparative-typological basis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Experiences of Post-Secondary Cree Language
    Islands ofCulture: The experiences ofpost-secondary Cree language teachers A Thesis Submitted to the College ofGraduate Studies and Research for the Degree ofMaster ofEducation in the Department ofCurriculum Studies University ofSaskatchewan Saskatoon By Velma Baptiste Willett . Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 2000 Copyright Velma Baptiste Willett, Fall 2000, All rights reserved I agree that the Libraries ofthe University ofSaskatchewan may make this thesis freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying ofthis thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised the thesis work recorded herein, or, in their absence, by the Head ofthe Department ofDean ofthe College in which the thesis work was done. Any copying or publication or use ofthis thesis or parts thereoffor financial gain is not allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition will be given to me and to the University ofSaskatchewan in any scholarly use ofthe material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use ofmaterial in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head ofthe Department ofCurriculum Studies University ofSaskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OXI ABSTRACT This study recognizes that post-secondary Cree language teachers carry expertise in providing relevant teaching strategies for adult learners. Pursuant to this perspective~ this study describes current Cree language teaching approaches for adult learners as practiced by selected post-secondary Cree language teachers. The Cree language teachers interviewed in this qualitative study are fluent Cree speakers who possess traditional Cree knowledge and understand the protocol within Cree communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Grapheme-To-Phoneme Models for (Almost) Any Language
    Grapheme-to-Phoneme Models for (Almost) Any Language Aliya Deri and Kevin Knight Information Sciences Institute Department of Computer Science University of Southern California {aderi, knight}@isi.edu Abstract lang word pronunciation eng anybody e̞ n iː b ɒ d iː Grapheme-to-phoneme (g2p) models are pol żołądka z̻owon̪t̪ka rarely available in low-resource languages, ben শ嗍 s̪ ɔ k t̪ ɔ as the creation of training and evaluation ʁ a l o m o t חלומות heb data is expensive and time-consuming. We use Wiktionary to obtain more than 650k Table 1: Examples of English, Polish, Bengali, word-pronunciation pairs in more than 500 and Hebrew pronunciation dictionary entries, with languages. We then develop phoneme and pronunciations represented with the International language distance metrics based on phono- Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). logical and linguistic knowledge; apply- ing those, we adapt g2p models for high- word eng deu nld resource languages to create models for gift ɡ ɪ f tʰ ɡ ɪ f t ɣ ɪ f t related low-resource languages. We pro- class kʰ l æ s k l aː s k l ɑ s vide results for models for 229 adapted lan- send s e̞ n d z ɛ n t s ɛ n t guages. Table 2: Example pronunciations of English words 1 Introduction using English, German, and Dutch g2p models. Grapheme-to-phoneme (g2p) models convert words into pronunciations, and are ubiquitous in For most of the world’s more than 7,100 lan- speech- and text-processing systems. Due to the guages (Lewis et al., 2009), no data exists and the diversity of scripts, phoneme inventories, phono- many technologies enabled by g2p models are in- tactic constraints, and spelling conventions among accessible.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources Pertaining to First Nations, Inuit, and Metis. Fifth Edition. INSTITUTION Manitoba Dept
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 400 143 RC 020 735 AUTHOR Bagworth, Ruth, Comp. TITLE Native Peoples: Resources Pertaining to First Nations, Inuit, and Metis. Fifth Edition. INSTITUTION Manitoba Dept. of Education and Training, Winnipeg. REPORT NO ISBN-0-7711-1305-6 PUB DATE 95 NOTE 261p.; Supersedes fourth edition, ED 350 116. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Indian Culture; American Indian Education; American Indian History; American Indian Languages; American Indian Literature; American Indian Studies; Annotated Bibliographies; Audiovisual Aids; *Canada Natives; Elementary Secondary Education; *Eskimos; Foreign Countries; Instructional Material Evaluation; *Instructional Materials; *Library Collections; *Metis (People); *Resource Materials; Tribes IDENTIFIERS *Canada; Native Americans ABSTRACT This bibliography lists materials on Native peoples available through the library at the Manitoba Department of Education and Training (Canada). All materials are loanable except the periodicals collection, which is available for in-house use only. Materials are categorized under the headings of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis and include both print and audiovisual resources. Print materials include books, research studies, essays, theses, bibliographies, and journals; audiovisual materials include kits, pictures, jackdaws, phonodiscs, phonotapes, compact discs, videorecordings, and films. The approximately 2,000 listings include author, title, publisher, a brief description, library
    [Show full text]
  • The Inuit Language in Inuit Communities in Canada. [Map]
    The Inuit Language in Inuit Communities in Canada. [Map]. Natascha Sontag. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2006. 24 X 36 in.* Reviewed by Mary S. Linn It is rare that a linguist is asked to review a map. It is rarer still that one gets to read a map that not only provides the borders of a language family but is truly about the language and its speakers. The Inuit Language in Inuit Communities in Canada is a map of the Inuit language family territory, about the languages, in the languages. The Inuit Language in Inuit Communities in Canada is visually bright, with a true green delineating Canada and light blues, pinks, and yellows overlaid for Inuit dialect territories. The title is off to the right side, and (following the spirit of the map) is in Inuit first (both Roman and syllabic), English, and also French. The map’s projection does include Greenland in the east, most of Alaska and the northeastern tip of the Russian Federation to the west, and parts of all the Canadian provinces to the south. The Inuit territories are outlined and named with major dialect areas and subdialects within these. Communities are marked with a circle, the color of which is determined by the dialect. These community indicators may be split into halves or quarters and colored appropriately depending on how many dialects are found in that community. Community names are in Inuit prominently while the names in English are provided in a smaller, red font. The southernmost Inuit community in Québec includes the Cree name in Cree syllabics as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Oskisihcikêwak / New Traditions in Cree Two-Spirit, Gay and Queer Narratives
    OSKISIHCIKÊWAK / NEW TRADITIONS IN CREE TWO-SPIRIT, GAY AND QUEER NARRATIVES by JUNE SCUDELER B.A (Honours), Simon Fraser University, 2001 M.A. Simon Fraser University, 2002 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (English) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2016 © June Scudeler, 2016 ABSTRACT “oskisihcikêwak/New Traditions in Cree Two-Spirit, Gay and Queer Narratives” works in a field where very little historical or foundational material exists. I provide this groundwork for playwright and novelist Tomson Highway and his younger brother, dancer and choreographer René Highway (Woods Cree), and for the performance artist, filmmaker and painter, Kent Monkman (Swampy Cree). Using Cree methodologies, such as wâhkôhtowin or kinship and miyo-wîcêhtowin or getting along with others, the project illustrates how the Highways and Monkman use their art not only to combat racism and homophobia, but more importantly to show the survivance and vibrancy of Indigenous ways of knowing. By using Cree epistemologies, I show how queer theory and queer-of- colour theory can neglect to address colonisation. In four chapters, I show how the Highway brothers “stood together” to form community for their early and undocumented performances, such as New Song . New Dance, and through their involvement with Toronto’s Native Earth Performing Arts, Canada’s first professional Indigenous theatre company. I then compare a script written for a made-for-television movie with what it turned into the novel Kiss of the Fur Queen. I then examine Kent Monkman and his establishment of what David Garneau calls “Aboriginal sovereign display territory” in his paintings and performances, and devote a chapter to the work of his alter ego, Miss Chief Eagle Testickle.
    [Show full text]