DOCSLIB.ORG

Ocean Acidification Impairs Olfactory Discrimination and Homing Ability of a Marine Fish

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ocean Acidification Impairs Olfactory Discrimination and Homing Ability of a Marine Fish Ocean acidification impairs olfactory discrimination and homing ability of a marine fish Philip L. Mundaya,b,1, Danielle L. Dixsona,b, Jennifer M. Donelsona,b, Geoffrey P. Jonesa,b, Morgan S. Pratchetta, Galina V. Devitsinac, and Kjell B. Døvingd aAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, bSchool of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; cIchthyology Department, Faculty of Biology, Moscow MV Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; and dPhysiology Program, Institute of Molecular Bioscience, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway Edited by David M. Karl, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, and approved December 29, 2008 (received for review October 6, 2008) The persistence of most coastal marine species depends on larvae olfactory signals from preferred microhabitats (12, 20), resident finding suitable adult habitat at the end of an offshore dispersive conspecifics (21–23), or symbiotic partners such as anemones stage that can last weeks or months. We tested the effects that (24–25). Any disruption to the ability of larvae to detect and ocean acidification from elevated levels of atmospheric carbon discriminate between olfactory cues that guide them to reefs, or that dioxide (CO2) could have on the ability of larvae to detect olfactory enable them to select preferred settlement habitat, would have cues from adult habitats. Larval clownfish reared in control sea- far-reaching implications for the sustainability of adult populations. water (pH 8.15) discriminated between a range of cues that could We tested if elevated CO2 and reduced seawater pH consistent help them locate reef habitat and suitable settlement sites. This with ocean acidification predictions could affect the ability of discriminatory ability was disrupted when larvae were reared in orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula; Pomacentridae. Fig. 1) conditions simulating CO2-induced ocean acidification. Larvae be- larvae to respond to olfactory cues that are used to locate reef came strongly attracted to olfactory stimuli they normally avoided habitat and distinguish preferred settlement sites. Specifically, when reared at levels of ocean pH that could occur ca. 2100 (pH 7.8) we tested the ability of settlement-stage larvae to respond to and they no longer responded to any olfactory cues when reared olfactory cues that are preferred during the settlement process at pH levels (pH 7.6) that might be attained later next century on compared with olfactory cues that are likely to be avoided when a business-as-usual carbon-dioxide emissions trajectory. If acidifi- searching for reefs and settlement sites. Orange clownfish mostly cation continues unabated, the impairment of sensory ability will live on oceanic reefs surrounding vegetated islands and recent reduce population sustainability of many marine species, with research has shown that the larvae can discriminate between potentially profound consequences for marine diversity. seawater from reefs surrounding vegetated islands versus sea- water from reefs without islands (26). Furthermore, the larvae climate change ͉ larval sensory mechanisms ͉ population connectivity ͉ are positively attracted to water-borne cues from tropical rain- population replenishment forest trees (26) that should provide a reliable cue to the presence of vegetated oceanic islands. We tested the response of cean acidification caused by the uptake of additional car- larval clownfish to olfactory cues from a range of tropical vegetation types when reared in seawater simulating 2 future Obon dioxide (CO2) at the ocean surface is now recognized as a serious threat to marine ecosystems (1–4). At least 30% of CO2-induced acidification scenarios (seawater pH 7.8 and 7.6) compared with current-day controls (pH 8.15). For larvae reared the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere in the past 200 years has been absorbed by the oceans, causing ocean pH to in each treatment we tested preference or avoidance of olfactory decline at a rate Ϸ100 times faster than at any time in the past cues from the leaves of 3 vegetation types: (i) a tropical rainforest 650,000 years (1, 4). Global ocean pH is estimated to have tree (Xanthostemon chrysanthus) that is a positive cue for settling dropped by 0.1 units since preindustrial times and is projected to clownfish (26), (ii) a swamp tree (Melaleuca nervosa) that fall another 0.3–0.4 units by 2100 because of existing and future contains pungent oils in the leaves and is avoided by settling clownfish (26), and (iii) a tropical savannah grass (Megathyrsus CO2 emissions (1, 5–6). Considerable research effort has focused on predicting the impact that reduced carbonate-ion saturation maximus) that is not expected to provide a reliable cue for the states that accompany ocean acidification will have on calcifying presence of trees on islands. marine organisms, particularly corals and other invertebrates It is well known that anemonefishes are positively attracted to that precipitate aragonite skeletons (2–3, 6). However, the olfactory cues of host anemones (24–25). Therefore, we also effects that ocean acidification will have on other marine or- tested the ability of larval clownfishes to respond to anemone ganisms, including fishes, remain almost completely unknown, olfactory cues when reared at the 3 pH levels. Finally, the especially for conditions of atmospheric carbon dioxide and presence of adult populations should be a good signal of seawater pH that could occur in the near future (4, 7–9). favorable habitat and previous studies have found that larvae of The persistence of most coastal marine species depends on the some reef fishes are attracted to olfactory cues from conspecific adults (21–22). However, in species such as the orange clownfish ability of larvae to locate suitable settlement habitat at the end where many larvae recruit to natal reefs (19), it would also be of a pelagic stage that can last weeks or months. Accumulating advantageous for juveniles to be able to discriminate between evidence for reef fishes suggests that both reef sounds (10) and their parents and other adults to avoid inbreeding that could result olfactory cues (11–13) are used by larvae to locate reefs. The olfactory organs of many reef fishes are well-developed by the end of the larval phase (14–15), and it has recently been shown Author contributions: P.L.M., D.L.D., J.M.D., G.P.J., and M.S.P. designed research; P.L.M., that larvae of some species can discriminate the smell of water D.L.D., J.M.D., and G.V.D. performed research; K.B.D. contributed new reagents/analytic from their natal reef compared with water from other reefs (13), tools; P.L.M. analyzed data; and P.L.M., D.L.D., J.M.D., G.P.J., M.S.P., G.V.D., and K.B.D. which provides a mechanism to explain high levels of self- wrote the paper. recruitment in some reef fish populations (16–19). It is well The authors declare no conflict of interest. known that coral reef fish larvae can use olfactory cues to This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. identify suitable settlement sites once they are in the vicinity of 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. reef habitat. Settling larvae have been shown to respond to © 2009 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1848–1852 ͉ PNAS ͉ February 10, 2009 ͉ vol. 106 ͉ no. 6 www.pnas.org͞cgi͞doi͞10.1073͞pnas.0809996106 Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 10 100 control 26 A 16 B 90 7.8 46 80 46 46 70 60 20 40 20 50 40 30 20 10 Percent time treatment of water in 20 0 Seawater Xanthostemon Melaleuca Grass Anemone Fig. 2. Response of larval clownfish to olfactory cues from tropical plants and anemones when reared at current-day seawater pH (control, open bars) and in seawater, where the pH had been reduced using CO2 to simulate the effect 1cm of ocean acidification (pH 7.8, filled bars). The first pair of columns shows the mean percentage of time that larvae spent of one side of a 2-channel flume chamber when neither stream of water in the chamber contained a test cue. C Subsequent columns show the mean percentage of time that larvae spent in the stream of water containing the cue when one stream contained the cue and the other stream did not. Numbers above bars are the number of repli- cates for each test. stream of seawater in the flume contained an additional olfactory cue (Fig. 2). Larvae exhibited a strong preference for Xanthostemon (Fig. 2, P Ͻ 0.001) spending Ͼ93% of their time in the stream of water in which leaves of this rainforest tree had 10cm been soaked. In contrast, all larvae completely avoiding the stream of water in which Melaleuca leaves had been soaked (Fig. 2, P Ͻ 0.001). Avoidance of Melaleuca might be expected Fig. 1. Clownfish larvae use olfactory cues to locate adult habitat at the end because the leaves of these trees contain pungent oils. Larvae of their pelagic stage. (A) Adult orange clownfish A. percula form breeding showed no preference or avoidance for olfactory cues from pairs on host anemones. (B) A settlement stage (11 days posthatching) larva of grass, spending approximately equal amounts of time in the A. percula beside an Australian 5 cent coin for scale. (C) The Atema flume stream of water in which grass leaves had been soaked and in chamber used to test the responses of larvae to olfactory cues from leaves, the stream of water without olfactory cues from grass (Fig. 2, anemones, and conspecifics in control and acidified water. Water from 2 P Ͼ 0.1). As expected, larvae also exhibited a strong prefer- different sources flowed through the chamber in the direction of the arrows.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Poisoned Waters
    POISONED WATERS How Cyanide Fishing and the Aquarium Trade Are Devastating Coral Reefs and Tropical Fish Center for Biological Diversity For the Fishes June 2016 Royal blue tang fish / H. Krisp Executive Summary mollusks, and other invertebrates are killed in the vicinity of the cyanide that’s squirted on the reefs to he release of Disney/Pixar’s Finding Dory stun fish so they can be captured for the pet trade. An is likely to fuel a rapid increase in sales of estimated square meter of corals dies for each fish Ttropical reef fish, including royal blue tangs, captured using cyanide.” the stars of this widely promoted new film. It is also Reef poisoning and destruction are expected to likely to drive a destructive increase in the illegal use become more severe and widespread following of cyanide to catch aquarium fish. Finding Dory. Previous movies such as Finding Nemo The problem is already widespread: A new Center and 101 Dalmatians triggered a demonstrable increase for Biological Diversity analysis finds that, on in consumer purchases of animals featured in those average, 6 million tropical marine fish imported films (orange clownfish and Dalmatians respectively). into the United States each year have been exposed In this report we detail the status of cyanide fishing to cyanide poisoning in places like the Philippines for the saltwater aquarium industry and its existing and Indonesia. An additional 14 million fish likely impacts on fish, coral and other reef inhabitants. We died after being poisoned in order to bring those also provide a series of recommendations, including 6 million fish to market, and even the survivors reiterating a call to the National Marine Fisheries are likely to die early because of their exposure to Service, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Disneynature DOLPHIN REEF Educator's Guide
    Educator’s Guide Grades 2-6 n DOLPHIN REEF, Disneynature dives under the sea Ito frolic with some of the planet’s most engaging animals: dolphins. Echo is a young bottlenose dolphin who can’t quite decide if it’s time to grow up and take on new responsibilities—or give in to his silly side and just have fun. Dolphin society is tricky, and the coral reef that Echo and his family call home depends on all of its inhabitants to keep it healthy. But with humpback whales, orcas, sea turtles and cuttlefish seemingly begging for his attention, Echo has a tough time resisting all that the ocean has to offer. The Disneynature DOLPHIN REEF Educator’s Guide includes multiple standards-aligned lessons and activities targeted to grades 2 through 6. The guide introduces students to a variety of topics, including: • Animal Behavior • Biodiversity • Culture and the Arts and Natural History • Earth’s Systems • Making a Positive Difference • Habitat and Ecosystems for Wildlife Worldwide Educator’s Guide Objectives 3 Increase students’ 3 Enhance students’ viewing 3 Promote life-long 3 Empower you and your knowledge of the of the Disneynature film conservation values students to create positive amazing animals and DOLPHIN REEF and and STEAM-based skills changes for wildlife in habitats of Earth’s oceans inspire an appreciation through outdoor natural your school, community through interactive, for the wildlife and wild exploration and discovery. and world. interdisciplinary and places featured in the film. inquiry-based lessons. Disney.com/nature 2 Content provided by education experts at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment © 2019 Disney Enterprises, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion Percula)
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-PIFSC-52 April 2016 doi:10.7289/V5J10152 Status Review Report: Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) Kimberly A. Maison and Krista S. Graham Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce About this document The mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment and to conserve and manage coastal and oceanic marine resources and habitats to help meet our Nation’s economic, social, and environmental needs. As a branch of NOAA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) conducts or sponsors research and monitoring programs to improve the scientific basis for conservation and management decisions. NMFS strives to make information about the purpose, methods, and results of its scientific studies widely available. NMFS’ Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS series to achieve timely dissemination of scientific and technical information that is of high quality but inappropriate for publication in the formal peer- reviewed literature. The contents are of broad scope, including technical workshop proceedings, large data compilations, status reports and reviews, lengthy scientific or statistical monographs, and more. NOAA Technical Memoranda published by the PIFSC, although informal, are subjected to extensive review and editing and reflect sound professional work. Accordingly, they may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. A NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS issued by the PIFSC may be cited using the following format: Maison, K. A., and K. S. Graham. 2016. Status Review Report: Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion percula).
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Trade in Marine Ornamental Species
    From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNEP World Conservation This report would not have been The authors would like to thank Helen Monitoring Centre possible without the participation of Corrigan for her help with the analyses 219 Huntingdon Road many colleagues from the Marine of CITES data, and Sarah Ferriss for Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Aquarium Council, particularly assisting in assembling information Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Aquilino A. Alvarez, Paul Holthus and and analysing Annex D and GMAD data Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Peter Scott, and all trading companies on Hippocampus spp. We are grateful E-mail: [email protected] who made data available to us for to Neville Ash for reviewing and editing Website: www.unep-wcmc.org inclusion into GMAD. The kind earlier versions of the manuscript. Director: Mark Collins assistance of Akbar, John Brandt, Thanks also for additional John Caldwell, Lucy Conway, Emily comments to Katharina Fabricius, THE UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION Corcoran, Keith Davenport, John Daphné Fautin, Bert Hoeksema, Caroline MONITORING CENTRE is the biodiversity Dawes, MM Faugère et Gavand, Cédric Raymakers and Charles Veron; for assessment and policy implemen- Genevois, Thomas Jung, Peter Karn, providing reprints, to Alan Friedlander, tation arm of the United Nations Firoze Nathani, Manfred Menzel, Julie Hawkins, Sherry Larkin and Tom Environment Programme (UNEP), the Davide di Mohtarami, Edward Molou, Ogawa; and for providing the picture on world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Petition for Revised State Water Quality Standards For
    PETITION FOR REVISED STATE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MARINE PH UNDER THE CLEAN WATER ACT, 33 U.S.C. § 1313(C)(4) BEFORE THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OCTOBER 18, 2012 Petitioner The Center for Biological Diversity is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the protection of imperiled species and their habitats through science, education, policy, and environmental law. The Center has over 450,000 members and online activists. The Center submits this petition on its own behalf and on behalf of its members and staff. The Center for Biological Diversity’s contact information is: Center for Biological Diversity 351 California St., Ste. 600 San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel: 415‐436‐9682 Fax: 415‐436‐9683 Respectfully submitted, ______________________ Emily Jeffers Staff Attorney Oceans Program [email protected] Right to Petition The right of an interested party to petition a federal agency is a freedom guaranteed by the first amendment: “Congress shall make no law … abridging the … right of people … to petition the Government for redress of grievances.” U.S. Const., Amend I. See also United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Ass’n, 389 U.S. 217, 222 (1967) (right to petition for redress of grievances is among most precious of liberties without which the government could erode rights). Under the Administrative Procedures Act (APA), all citizens have the right to petition for the “issuance, amendment, or repeal” of an agency rule. 5 U.S.C. § 553(e). A “rule” is the “whole or a part of an agency statement of general or particular applicability and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy.” 5 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 80, No. 163/Monday, August 24, 2015/Notices
    Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 163 / Monday, August 24, 2015 / Notices 51235 Council to comment more quickly on FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: determination, we first consider proposed activities and projects, and Krista Graham, NMFS, Pacific Islands whether a group of organisms enable the Council to work more Regional Office, (808) 725–5152; or constitutes a ‘‘species’’ under the ESA, effectively in addressing fish habitat and Kimberly Maison, NMFS, Pacific Islands then whether the status of the species ecosystem issues in our region. Regional Office, (808) 725–5143; or qualifies it for listing as either Chelsey Young, NMFS, Office of threatened or endangered. Section 3 of Special Accommodations Protected Resources, (301) 427–8491. the ESA defines ‘‘species’’ to include The meeting is physically accessible SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: ‘‘any subspecies of fish or wildlife or to people with disabilities. Requests for plants, and any distinct population sign language interpretation or other Background segment of any species of vertebrate fish auxiliary aid should be directed to M. On September 14, 2012, we received or wildlife which interbreeds when Jan Saunders, (302) 526–5251, at least 5 a petition from the Center for Biological mature.’’ On February 7, 1996, NMFS days prior to the meeting date. Diversity (Center for Biological and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dated: August 19, 2015. Diversity, 2012) to list eight species of (USFWS; together, the Services) adopted pomacentrid reef fish as threatened or a policy describing what constitutes a Emily H. Menashes, endangered under the ESA and to distinct population segment (DPS) of a Deputy Director, Office of Sustainable designate critical habitat for these taxonomic species (the DPS Policy; 61 Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Link Between Otolith Growth and Function Along the Biological Continuum in the Context of Ocean Acidification Eric D
    University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Graduate Doctoral Dissertations Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses 6-1-2014 Exploring the Link between Otolith Growth and Function along the Biological Continuum in the Context of Ocean Acidification Eric D. Wilcox Freeburg University of Massachusetts Boston Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/doctoral_dissertations Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons, Geology Commons, Mineral Physics Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Wilcox Freeburg, Eric D., "Exploring the Link between Otolith Growth and Function along the Biological Continuum in the Context of Ocean Acidification" (2014). Graduate Doctoral Dissertations. Paper 164. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN OTOLITH GROWTH AND FUNCTION ALONG THE BIOLOGICAL CONTINUUM IN THE CONTEXT OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION A Dissertation Presented by ERIC D. WILCOX FREEBURG Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY June 2014 Environmental Sciences Program © 2014 by Eric D. Wilcox Freeburg All rights reserved EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN OTOLITH GROWTH AND FUNCTION ALONG THE BIOLOGICAL CONTINUUM IN THE CONTEXT OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION A Dissertation Presented by ERIC D. WILCOX FREEBURG Approved as to style and content by: ________________________________________________ Robyn Hannigan, Dean Chairperson of Committee ________________________________________________ William E.
    [Show full text]
  • First Genealogy for a Wild Marine Fish Population Reveals Multigenerational Philopatry
    First genealogy for a wild marine fish population reveals multigenerational philopatry Océane C. Sallesa,b,1, Benoit Pujolc, Jeffrey A. Maynarda,d, Glenn R. Almanya,b, Michael L. Berumene, Geoffrey P. Jonesf, Pablo Saenz-Agudelog, Maya Srinivasanf, Simon R. Thorroldh, and Serge Planesa,b aEcole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris Siences et Lettres Research University, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, USR 3278 Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l’environnement, F-66360 Perpignan, France; bLaboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL,” F-66360 Perpignan, France cCNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Ecole Nationale supérieure de la Formation de l’enseignement Agricole, UMR5174 Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, 31062 Toulouse, France; dSymbioSeas and the Marine Applied Research Center, Wilmington, NC 28411; eRed Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; fAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; gInstituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; and hBiology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 Edited by Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian Institution, DC, Washington, and approved September 30, 2016 (received for review July 18, 2016) Natal philopatry, the return of individuals to their natal area for populations because of the implications for genetic diversity (7), reproduction, has advantages and disadvantages for animal pop- adaptation (8), and conservation (9). ulations. Natal philopatry may generate local genetic adaptation, The vast majority of benthic marine species, including most but it may also increase the probability of inbreeding that can coral reef fishes, have a dispersive larval stage in their early life compromise persistence.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chromosome-Scale Reference Assembly of the Genome of the 2 Orange Clownfish Amphiprion Percula 3 4 Robert Lehmann1, Damien J
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/278267; this version posted March 7, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Finding Nemo’s Genes: A chromosome-scale reference assembly of the genome of the 2 orange clownfish Amphiprion percula 3 4 Robert Lehmann1, Damien J. Lightfoot1, Celia Schunter1, Craig T. Michell2, Hajime 5 Ohyanagi3, Katsuhiko Mineta3, Sylvain Foret4,5, Michael L. Berumen2, David J. Miller4, 6 Manuel Aranda2, Takashi Gojobori3, Philip L. Munday4 and Timothy Ravasi1,* 7 8 1 KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program, Division of Biological and Environmental 9 Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 10 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 11 2 Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & 12 Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, 13 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 14 3 Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and 15 Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 16 4 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 17 Queensland, 4811, Australia. 18 5 Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian 19 National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia. 20 21 Keywords: 22 Orange Clownfish, Amphiprion percula, Nemo, Functional Genomics, Chromosome-Scale 23 Assembly, Fish Genomics, Coral Reef Fish. 24 25 Running Title: 26 The Nemo Genome 27 28 *Corresponding Author: 29 Timothy Ravasi, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King 30 Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi 31 Arabia, [email protected] 32 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/278267; this version posted March 7, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquarium Fish Fishery Commercial Fishing Rules in Queensland
    Aquarium fish fishery Commercial fishing rules in Queensland From 1 September 2021, the aquarium fish fishery will be managed under the Queensland marine aquarium fish fishery harvest strategy. General • The aquarium fishery is managed at a species level and risks to stocks identified through ecological risk assessments. • The following species have been identified as Tier 1 species (moderate or high level of ecological risk, or no-take recreational species) in the harvest strategy: o scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) o wideband anemonefish (Amphiprion latezonatus) o great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokaran) o blackback anemonefish (Amphiprion melanopus) o smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) o ocellaris clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) o wedgefish (family Rhinidae) o orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) o giant guitarfish (family Glaucostegidae) o harlequin tuskfish (Choerodon fasciatus) o shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) o pineapplefish (Cleidopus gloriamaris) o longfin mako shark (Isurus paucus) o blue tang (Paracanthurus hepatus) o barramundi cod (Chromileptes altivelis) o scribbled angelfish (Chaetodontoplus duboulayi) o humphead Maori wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus o Queensland yellowtail angelfish (Chaetodontoplus undulates) meredithi) o paddletail (Lutjanus gibbus) o Queensland groper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) o potato rockcod (Epinephelus tukula) o sawfish (family Pristidae). • All other species caught within the fishery (all non-Tier 1 species) have been identified as Tier 2 species (acceptable level of ecological risk) in the harvest strategy. • No catch limits are in place for this fishery; however, all species will be monitored and harvest strategy decision rules applied depending on changes in catch rates. • Measurements of vessels used in commercial fisheries are determined by national marine safety requirements under the National Standard for Commercial Vessels – for more information, visit amsa.gov.au.
    [Show full text]
  • Saltwater Aquariums for Dummies‰
    01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page iii Saltwater Aquariums FOR DUMmIES‰ 2ND EDITION by Gregory Skomal, PhD 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page ii 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page i Saltwater Aquariums FOR DUMmIES‰ 2ND EDITION 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page ii 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page iii Saltwater Aquariums FOR DUMmIES‰ 2ND EDITION by Gregory Skomal, PhD 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page iv Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies®, 2nd Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2007 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 79, No. 170/Wednesday, September 3, 2014/Proposed Rules
    52276 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 170 / Wednesday, September 3, 2014 / Proposed Rules authorizing the changes by direct final DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE damselfish (Chromis viridis), and rule. EPA did not make a proposal prior blackbar devil or Dick’s damselfish to the direct final rule because we National Oceanic and Atmospheric (Plectroglyphidodon dickii). believe this action is not controversial Administration DATES: Information and comments on and do not expect comments that the subject action must be received by oppose it. We have explained the 50 CFR Part 223 November 3, 2014. reasons for this authorization in the [Docket No. 130718637–3637–01] ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, preamble to the direct final rule. Unless information, or data on this document, RIN 0648–XC775 we get written comments which oppose identified by the code NOAA–NMFS– this authorization during the comment Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; 2014–0072, by any of the following period, the direct final rule will become methods: 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List • effective on the date it establishes, and Seven Indo-Pacific Species of Electronic Submissions: Submit all we will not take further action on this Pomacentrid Reef Fish as Threatened electronic comments via the Federal proposal. If we receive comments that or Endangered Under the Endangered eRulemaking Portal. Go to oppose this action, we will withdraw Species Act www.regulations.gov/ the direct final rule and it will not take #!docketDetail;D=NOAA-NMFS-2014- effect. We will then respond to public AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries 0072, click the ‘‘Comment Now!’’ icon, complete the required fields, and enter comments in a later final rule based on Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), or attach your comments.
    [Show full text]