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Scientiﬁc life of a French catholic missionary: Henri Fontaine (1924–?)

La vie scientiﬁque d’un missionnaire catholique franc¸ ais : Henri Fontaine (1924–?)

Thi Than Hoang

11, Rue Bourgeot, 94240 L’Hay-Les-Roses,¨ France

a r t i c l e i n f o

a b s t r a c t

Article history: This article relates the long scientiﬁc life of the French catholic missionary, Father/Doctor Henri Fontaine.

Received 12 December 2018

He is also a geologist, a palaeontologist, an expert on Paleozoic corals and an archeologist. The year

Accepted 12 April 2019 th th

2018 marked his 94 birthday, 70 sacerdotal year and 64 years of his scientiﬁc career. He has devoted

Available online 14 June 2019

most of his life to scientiﬁc activities in East and Southeast Asia: from 1954 to late 1975 in Viet Nam as

geologist-expert, from 1978 to 2013 in Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines,

Keywords:

Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam, within the framework of the Coordinating Committee for Coastal and

Biography

Offshore Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) and afterwards as a volunteer once

Archaeology (prehistory)

he had retired. Until 2018, he published nearly 300 articles about geology, palaeontology and prehistory,

Palaeontology

Stratigraphy mostly as sole author or main author. Although he initially intended to be priest living among villagers

East and Southeast Asia somewhere in Asia, his life evolved, in spite of himself, following spiritual, political and scientiﬁc events.

r é s u m é

Mots clés : Cet article retrace la longue vie scientiﬁque du missionnaire catholique franc¸ ais, le Père/Docteur Henri

Biographie Fontaine. Il est aussi géologue, paléontologue, spécialiste des coraux paléozoïques et archéologue. L’année e e

Archéologie (préhistoire)

2018 a marqué son 94 anniversaire de naissance, sa 70 année sacerdotale et ses 64 ans de carrière

Paléontologie

scientiﬁque. Il a consacré une large partie de sa vie à la recherche scientiﬁque dans l’Est et le Sud-Est

Stratigraphie

Asiatique : de 1954 à la ﬁn 1975 au Viet Nam comme expert-géologue, de Mars 1978 à Mars 2013 au

Est et Sud-Est Asiatique

Cambodge, en Chine, Corée, Indonésie, au Laos, en Malaisie, aux Philippines, Singapour, en Thaïlande, et

au Viet Nam, comme senior-expert dans le cadre du Coordinating Committee for Coastal and Offshore

Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP), puis comme bénévole à l’âge de la retraite.

Jusqu’en 2018, il a été auteur ou principal auteur de près de trois cents articles essentiellement consacrés à

la géologie, la paléontologie et la préhistoire. Rêvant de devenir missionnaire vivant parmi des villageois

quelque part en Asie, sa vie avait évolué, malgré lui, suivant des évènements spirituels, politiques et

scientiﬁques.

1. Introduction result not only of several discussions with Father H. Fontaine, but

also of access with his permission to personal documents and pho-

In 2015, based on various conversations, a short biography of tographs (Figs. 1 to 4), to numerous publications and from 50 years

Father/Doctor Henri Fontaine with a selected list of bibliographical of our collaboration, more or less close during this long period. Fr.

1 2

references was created in Wikipedia (in English and French ) by Henri Fontaine is a catholic missionary of the Missions Etrangères

the author (under the pseudonym Hoang24). This paper was the de Paris ((MEP) Foreign Missions of Paris) who became a geologist,

a palaeontologist, a specialist on Paleozoic corals and an archae-

ologist of East Asia. The year 2018 marked his 94 birthday, his

E-mail address: [email protected] 1

https://en.wikikpedia.org/wiki/henri fontaine.

2 3

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/henri fontaine missionnaire et géologue. 128 Rue du Bac, 75007 Paris, France.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2019.05.004

174 T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190

Fig. 1. A, Nov. 1953 Ha Noi (Viet Nam); B, 1957 S. Viet Nam - Fieldwork; C, 1990s Phnom Penh (Kampuchea) - Work meeting; D, 1975 Letter of recommendation provided

by the Geological Group B2 (Revolutionary Temporary Government of the Republic of South Viet Nam) to “Comrade Henri Fontaine”.

A, Nov. 1953 Ha Noi (Viet Nam) ; B, 1957, Sud du Viet Nam - Travail sur le terrain ; C, 1990s Phnom Penh (Cambodge) - Réunion de travail ; D, 1975 Lettre de recommandation fournie

par le Groupe Géologique B2 (Gouvernement Révolutionnaire Provisoire de la République du Sud Viet Nam) au « Camarade Henri Fontaine ».

70 sacerdotal year and his 64 years of scientiﬁc research (Fig. 4G). of others”. In his own words, Henri Fontaine had outlined the way

Until now, he has spent the most of his life studying the geology of of his life.

different countries of East and South-East Asia: Cambodia, China,

Indonesia, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thai-

2.1. 1924–1951: In France

land and especially Viet Nam where, outside geology, he conducted

research on prehistory. He gathered a large quantity of samples of

Born on 20 July 1924 at Saint Fraimbault (Fig. 4A), one of the

fossiliferous rocks, fossils, stone tools, artifacts, potsherds and so

most ﬂourishing villages of Normandy (Fig. 4B), and also of France,

on. He erected a hundred genera and species of corals and brought

H. Fontaine is the eldest of three children in a farmer’s family. So

together an important collection of thin sections. On the basis of

from a very young age, he was close to nature, with his younger

these researches, about 300 articles were published, with him as

sister and brother they loved to get crayﬁsh in the small river bor-

sole or main author. He initially intended being a priest living

dering the family farm. He studied at the petit séminaire of Sées

among villagers, but his scientiﬁc life changed over decades fol-

(Normandy) and some months in the grand séminaire of Sées (Octo-

lowing important spiritual, political and scientiﬁc events.

ber 1943–February 1944). Following a meeting with two priests,

one relating his experience from Africa and the other one from Asia

within the framework of the Missions Etrangères de Paris (MEP)

2. Biography which were founded 360 years ago, H. Fontaine left the grand sémi-

naire and entered the MEP in March 1944. He studied the history

“When I was young, very young, a priest told me that to be a of MEP, theology, philosophy, at MEP Bièvre (a suburb of Paris). He

priest one must know singing and preaching. I don’t have a good was ordained on 29 June 1948 at the Chapel of the MEP in Paris. The

tongue and a nice voice but I want to dedicate my life to the service General Superior of the MEP at that time was Father Charles Joseph

T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190 175

Fig. 2. A, 1981 Lurah Tambang (Sumatra, Indonesia); B, 1994 Somewhere in Thailand; C, 1996 Guangzhou (China); D, 1990s Bukit Besi (Terengganu, Malaysia); E, 1993 Ha

Noi (Viet Nam); F, 1988 Baguio City (Philippines).

A, 1981 Lurah Tambang (Sumatra, Indonésie) ; B, 1994 Quelque part en Thaïlande ; C, 1996 Guangzhou (Chine) ; D, 1990s Bukit Besi (Terengganu, Malaisie) ; E, 1993 Ha Noi (Viet

Nam) ; F, 1988 Baguio (Philippines).

Lemaire (1900–1995) who wished young priests to have a higher 2.2. 1951–1975: In Viet Nam

academic education. Therefore he sent three young missionaries

to the University of Lille: Jean-Baptiste Delaby (1923–1967) who 2.2.1. 1951–1954: North Viet Nam

chose mathematics, Henri Fontaine (1924–), who studied natural In September 1951, sent in mission by the MEP to Viet Nam,

sciences and Pierre Gauthier (1925–1996), who probably stud- H. Fontaine was installed at a village located between Ha Noi and

ied English. H. Fontaine spent two years at the University of Lille Hoa Binh to study Vietnamese and to help Fr. Louis Vilacroux

(geology and biology) and two others at the University of Nancy (1905–1999) taking care of sick persons for 7 or 8 months. There-

(chemistry and zoology) before receiving his Licence ès Sciences in after, on the demand of the Vietnamese Bishop, he was sent

1951. back to Ha Noi to be teacher of natural sciences at the petit

176 T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190

Fig. 3. A, 2001 Ha Noi; B, Label of mineral water bottle produced in South Viet Nam; C, 1996 CCOP Delegates at 33rd Annual Session in Shanghai (China). They were all born

in the year of the Rat.

A, 2001 Ha Noi ; B, Étiquette d’une bouteille d’eau minérale produite au Sud Viet Nam ; C, 1996 CCOP Délégués du CCOP à la 33 Session Annuelle à Shanghai (Chine). Ils sont tous

nés en l’Année du Rat.

séminaire, speaking in French for the highest class, in Vietnamese French Empire in Indochina. These people tried to keep stu-

for the others. Among the professors at the school, two were dents away from him after teaching hours. Wasting no time, H.

anti-French people. We were at that time nearly three years Fontaine bought a motorbike (Fig. 1A) and went to the Geological

before the battle of Dien Bien Phu that caused the fall of the Survey to meet Dr. Edmond Saurin (1904–1977) (Fontaine, 1982),

T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190 177

Fig. 4. A, 1925 St. Fraimbault (Normandy); B, Summer 1994 St. Fraimbault (Normandy); C, Spring 2016 Paris - MEP’s garden; D, Spring 2015 - L’Hay¨ Les Roses (Paris region);

E, 2012 Paris - His room at MEP; F, Winter 2014 - In the park of L’Hay-Les-Roses;¨ G, July 2018 Paris - Three cakes for his triple anniversary.

A, 1925 St. Fraimbault (Normandie) ; B, Eté 1994 St. Fraimbault (Normandie) ; C, Printemps 2016 à Paris - Jardin des MEP ; D, Printemps 2015 - L’Hay¨ Les Roses (Région parisienne) ;

E, 2012 Paris - Sa chambre aux MEP ; F, Hiver 2014 - Au Parc de l’Hay¨ Les Roses ; G, Juillet 2018 Paris - Trois gâteaux pour son triple anniversaire.

who was the last chief of the Geological Survey of Indochina. diploma. At the University, he met Pr. Jean Mercier who entrusted

E. Saurin showed him different collections of fossils particularly him to help students once a week to do their practical work. So,

corals that were not yet identiﬁed. He advised H. Fontaine to H. Fontaine had simultaneously to give lectures at the petit sémi-

study these fossils and to register at the University of Ha Noi for a naire, to help J. Mercier’s students at the Faculty of Sciences and to

178 T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190

study fossil corals at the Geological Survey. He was now attracted leadership of the Interim Revolutionary Government of South Viet

by research. Under the supervision of Pr J. Mercier, he prepared Nam (Fig. 1D). On 13 November 1975, unwillingly he had to leave

his thesis on “Study and Review of Devonian Tabulata and Helioli- the country.

tidae from Indochina and Yunnan” which was later published in

“Archives Géologiques du Viet Nam” (Fontaine, 1954). He obtained 2.3. 1976–1977: In France

his Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures de Géologie (Diploma of Higher

Study of Geology) from the Faculty of Sciences of Ha Noi in May In May 1976, H. Fontaine joined the Catholic Institute of Paris

1954. A year later, J. Mercier and H. Fontaine published together a and continued his scientiﬁc activities and his interest in the his-

paper (Fontaine and Mercier, 1955). In July 1954, the Geneva Agree- tory of the MEP (Fontaine, 1977a). He studied fossil corals collected

ments were signed, separating Viet Nam at the 17 parallel into in Afghanistan by his colleagues (Fontaine et al., 1977) and in

two parts: the North and the South. The MEP decided to maintain Normandy by himself (Fontaine, 1977b). In July 1977, he took an

the old missionaries in the North and to move the others to the intensive English course of a month at the Applied Linguistics Cen-

South. tre (Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Université de

Besanc¸ on). At the same time, he was seeking for a new scientiﬁc

2.2.2. 1954–1975: South Viet Nam job, whether in Asia, Africa, Europe or America.

On the decision of the MEP, H. Fontaine settled in Saigon and Among the oil and gas experts from various exploration compa-

taught at the grand séminaire. South Viet Nam or the then Republic nies who had consulted H. Fontaine at Saigon during 1969–1975,

of Viet Nam was at the beginning of its foundation after the end of was Mr. Maurice Mainguy, an expert of the French petroleum com-

the French Colonization. Nearly everything had to be developed, pany Total, who was also representative of the Embassy of France

built, or created. The country urgently needed cement for con- as special advisor to the CCOP (see below) at Bangkok (CCOP, 2016,

struction, dams and coal for energy, different natural resources for p. 12). Presumably, M. Mainguy acted as an intermediary between

industries. These raw materials have only been exploited in North the Embassy of France looking for an expert to CCOP to replace

Viet Nam, they had to be discovered in the South. For this, geologists André Bonnet and H. Fontaine seeking a new job. Thus, H. Fontaine

were needed. The Geological Survey had become national in 1953 was appointed cooperating expert to CCOP by the Foreign Ministry

(Hoang, 1973) and was moved from Ha Noi to Saigon without either of France. Later on, M. Mainguy and he signed together three articles

its former chief E. Saurin or any geologist, only materials including published in 1981, 1982 and 1985 on the Pre-Tertiary hydrocar-

the collection of fossil corals. The Geological Survey belonged to bon potential of the South China Sea (Fontaine and Mainguy, 1981,

the Ministry of Economy from then on until the fall of South Viet Fontaine and Mainguy, 1982, Fontaine and Mainguy, 1985). The day

Nam on 30 April 1975. At ﬁrst, there were no geologists. The Min- prior to his appointed departure to join CCOP in Bangkok, he had to

istry of Economy contacted H. Fontaine through the MEP (Fontaine, ﬂy to Africa for a six-month mission with AUDECAM (Association

2008, p. 236). Therefore, he took up the direction of the Geologi- Universitaire pour le Développement de l’Enseignement et de la

cal Survey of Saigon from 1955 to 1957. He took part in various Culture en Afrique et à Madagascar = University Association for the

industrial projects (dam building, cement works, coal prospecting, Development of Education and Culture in Africa and Madagascar)

spring water. . .). At the same time, he carried on the study of geol- on another demand of the Foreign Ministry.

ogy in different regions throughout the south of the country. He

then went back to Paris to prepare a thesis on Paleozoic corals from 2.4. 1978–2013: In East and Southeast Asia

Kampuchea (former Cambodia), Laos and Viet Nam with samples

from the collection of the Geological Survey and others collected 2.4.1. CCOP

by himself especially in Kampuchea (Sisophon and Battambang On 16 March 1978, H. Fontaine landed at Bangkok starting his

areas), in Laos (Thakhek area) and in Viet Nam (Fontaine, 1961) mission as cooperating expert on Pre-Tertiary geology and palaeon-

(Fig. 1B) under the supervision of Pr. James Alloiteau, a well-known tology to CCOP (acronym of Coordinating Committee for Coastal

coral specialist who had erected a hundred new genera of fossil and Offshore Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia)

corals (Chevallier, 1970, p. 164). In 1958, thanks to this professor, which was established in early 1966 under the umbrella of the

H. Fontaine was admitted to the Centre National de la Recherche UN ECAFE (United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the

Scientiﬁque (CNRS) as Attaché de recherche (research associate) Far East) with four founding countries (Republic of China, Japan,

(Fontaine, 1961, p. 7). He obtained his Doctorat ès Sciences from Republic of Korea and the Philippines). In 2016, it celebrated its 50

the Sorbonne University in 1959 and a year later chose to return anniversary with 16 member countries (in East and Southeast Asia).

to Saigon where he took again the direction of the Geological Sur- It was funded until 1991 by the UN ECAFE and self-ﬁnanced after-

vey until 1962. From 1963 to 1975, he served as technical advisor wards with sponsoring from several cooperating countries (North

at the Geological Survey and belonged to the Mission of Techni- American and European countries) (CCOP, 2016, p. 10–11). CCOP

cal Cooperation of the Embassy of France in Saigon. During those is based in Bangkok and organizes numerous seminars/workshops

years, he crossed the South, walked along the coast, embarked on in member countries. Since 1976, CCOP has launched the research

the islands of the Gulf of Thailand. He spent most of his weekends project entitled “Pre-Tertiary Petroleum Potentials in the CCOP

and holidays (accompanied by T.T. Hoang since 1969) in the villages Region” carried out with the ﬁnancial support of the France Gov-

surrounding Saigon discussing with inhabitants; thanks to that, ernment. The ﬁrst expert in charge of this project was André Bonnet

he collected thousands of stone tools. He created the Department of the Institut Franc¸ ais du Pétrole. During six months in 1976, “he

of Geology of the University of Hue (Central Viet Nam), and gave studied the available literature on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia and

some lectures. Being editor-in-chief of the annual journal “Archives conducted ﬁeld investigations on the Khorat Basin in Thailand”

Géologiques du Viet Nam”, he watched over that it should be reg- (Balce, 1990, p. iii). So, H. Fontaine took up the position of A. Bonnet

ularly published despite the budget cuts. He published more than after his departure. He went to Thailand every year. Bangkok was

80 articles mostly on the stratigraphy, palaeontology and geology the point of departure and arrival, wherever he went to and came

of the country, some papers on tektites, spring mineral waters, pre- back from. His stays in Asia depended on the agreement between

history, bibliography (see Scientiﬁc contributions below). After the the French Government and CCOP, which was renewed annually

fall of South Viet Nam on 30 April 1975, he was allowed to do at the beginning and every three years afterwards until his legal

ﬁeldtrips within 40 km around Saigon thanks to an ofﬁcial letter retirement in 1986 (Fontaine, 2008, p. 237). He spent many months

of recommendation provided by the Geological Group B under the (up to ten) each year from 1978 to 1994, two to four months during

T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190 179

1995–2008 and one or two months in every later year until 2013, discoveries could complement or modify the stratigraphy of the

often out of the rainy season. studied regions. He erected nearly three dozen of new genera and

To mark his cooperation over ten years (1978–1988), CCOP species of corals from Thailand (see Appendix A).

released in early 1990 a book of nearly 400 pages, gathering his H. Fontaine came to Malaysia in 1984 and thereafter every year

own works and those in collaboration with other geologists, already until 2005. It is the third country to which he devoted roughly four

published or to be published in CCOP Newsletters (Fontaine, dozen of articles covering a large part of Peninsular Malaysia and

1990a). In late 2006, during the 43 Annual Session of CCOP held Sarawak focusing on the pre-Tertiary limestones. The ﬁeldwork

at Daejeon (Republic of Korea), CCOP celebrated its 40 anniver- was conducted by the geologists of the Geological Survey of Ipoh

sary and honored four senior experts of CCOP who had given more (Fig. 2D) or that of Sarawak, rarely from Petronas (the Petroleum

than 20 years of service, among them H. Fontaine who was rep- Company of Malaysia). The studies were also based on thin sec-

resented by a director to receive a commemorative plaque (CCOP, tions stored at the Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Malaysia

2016, p. 49). The end of the French fund supporting his work was at Ipoh.

announced by CCOP at its Annual Session in 1999 (CCOP, 2000, Indonesia is a very large country, consisting of more than 13,000

p. 4). Nevertheless, he continued to serve CCOP beyond this expiry islands; after a short ﬁeldtrip to Sulawesi and Sumatra in 1979,

through the request of member countries (obviously Thailand and H. Fontaine and his Indonesian colleagues decided to focus on

Malaysia). Sumatra (Fig. 2A). From 1979 to 1988, under their guidance, he

investigated several areas, discovering Lower Carboniferous forma-

2.4.2. CCOP member countries tions in the Padang area (Fontaine and Vachard, 1981) and Permian

During these 35 years, he undertook various studies, in order of corals in Jambi province (Fontaine, 1986); he published roughly a

frequency, in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Repub- dozen articles including the joint-study on the pre-Tertiary fos-

lic of Korea, China, Laos, Cambodia, and Singapore, not to mention sils of Sumatra and their environments, with the collaboration of

Viet Nam where he attended about seven international geological nine specialists of different fossil groups (ﬂora, algae, foraminifera,

and archaeological conferences (Fig. 2E and Fig. 3A). corals) and radiometric dating carried out by the French petroleum

He went to the People’s Republic of China three times, in 1984, company Elf Aquitaine Total (Fontaine and Gafoer, 1989).

1987 and 1996 (Fig. 2C). The Republic of China (Taiwan) was one of The Philippines were one of the two ﬁrst countries (with the

four founding member countries of CCOP, but the People’s Repub- Republic of Korea) where H. Fontaine began his ﬁeldtrips in 1978

lic of China attended its ﬁrst CCOP Annual Session in 1979 after within the framework of CCOP and he returned there in 1982, 1987

having become legal representative at the United Nations in 1971 and 1988, attending the CCOP Annual Session (Fig. 2F). A dozen arti-

(Reedman and Shimazaki, 2006, p. 28). So, H. Fontaine made two cles were devoted to the western part of the Philippines ((Calamian

friendship trips. By 1984, a visit to the Ministry of Geology (Beijing) Island (North Palawan), Southeast Mindoro (Fontaine et al., 1979a),

and the Geological and Paleontological Institute of the Academia northwest Panay, Tabas (Fontaine et al., 1983)). In the ﬁeld, he was

Sinica (Nanjing) allowed him to compare Permian corals from China accompanied by the geologists of the Bureau of Mines and Geo-

with those from the countries of Southeast Asia (Fontaine et al., sciences (BMG).

1986, p. 1 and 13). Taking part in a trip to the Three Gorges orga- In the Republic of Korea, with the co-operation of the Korean

nized in 1987 by the Ministry of Geology and the Comprehensive Institute of Energy and Resources (KIER) and accompanied by

Institute of Petroleum Geology, he described brieﬂy the geology of its geologists, H. Fontaine carried out some ﬁeldtrips in 1978

this famous dam in a paper (Fontaine, 1987). By 1996, represent- and 1980, following a pre-determined program: the Kyongsang

ing the COOP Technical Secretariat, he attended the 33 Annual Basin (southeast), the Gohan and Danyang Districts (northeast)

Session of CCOP held in Shanghai and participated in a party cel- and the Haenam-Mokpo area (southwest). He described the Car-

ebrating all CCOP delegates born in the year of the Rat (Reedman boniferous corals of Gohan District for the ﬁrst time (Fontaine and

and Shimazaki, 2006, p. 38) (Fig. 3C). Vachard, 1979), and provided new data about the Cretaceous of the

Concerning Kampuchea (former Cambodia), Laos and Yunnan Kyongsang Basin and Mokppo area (Fontaine and Poumot, 1980).

(China), he earned two theses (Fontaine, 1954; 1961) and pub- H. Fontaine was in Singapore once in 1992–93 and described

lished some articles on fossil corals. A lot of species of Paleozoic the Triassic Pandan Limestone with its fossil fauna discovered by

and Mesozoic corals were identiﬁed and dozens of new taxa were drilling at the southern tip of Pandan Reservoir in the southwestern

erected (see Appendix). The geology of the Battambang and Phnom part of the main island (Fontaine et al., 1993).

Penh areas was the subject of some papers published in 1963–1965.

He returned there in the 1990s for a work meeting (Fig. 1C). His 2.4.3. Retirement

ﬁrst trip to Laos from Thailand took place in the late 1990s in the As mentioned above, reaching his legal retirement in 1986, he

Salavan area, roughly 100 km NE of Pakse (Fontaine et al., 1999), continued to co-operate with CCOP and worked on a voluntary basis

where he found microfossil-rich Permian limestone; he then made within the framework of the national geological surveys. However,

a quick visit to Laos in 2007 before returning in late 2008 for a short he had already volunteered since 1978 when he was not in Asia

excursion in North Laos collecting some Devonian coral samples and while he was in France to write nearly all the papers of which

(Fontaine et al., 2011). he was sole or main author (Fontaine and Suteethorn, 1988a, p. v)

The former Republic of Viet Nam was the country in which and to study thin sections ﬁrst prepared by himself in his room

H. Fontaine spent almost the ﬁrst half of his scientiﬁc life. However, then sometimes being helped by a technician (a real thin sections

in terms of number of years (35) spent there, Thailand should be the artist!) of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. Finally,

main country, during the second half of his scientiﬁc life, although thin sections from samples collected in Thailand were prepared by

he actually was less present. He wrote many more articles on the technicians of the Department of Mineral Resources in Bangkok.

geology of Thailand than on any other countries including Viet Sometimes he had to consult documents at the Geological Soci-

Nam. Since 1978, accompanied by geologists of the Department ety of France or at the National Museum of Natural History in

of Mineral Resources, he annually undertook ﬁeldworks across the Paris. Even outside of France, he had to compare his ﬁnds with the

country (Fig. 2B). This research was carried out in NW and NE Thai- old thin sections available at a Museum in Delft (the Netherlands)

land in the 1980s (Fontaine et al., 1981, Fontaine, 1990b) and in (Fontaine et al., 1986, p. 115). H. Fontaine published for the last time

1996–97 (Fontaine and Salyapongse, 1997) and in the Thai Penin- in the CCOP Newsletter in 2001 (Fontaine and Salyapongse, 2001).

sula (Fontaine and Salyapongse, 2001). Several bio-stratigraphic He worked in the ﬁeld with Malay geologists until 2005 and with

180 T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190

Thai geologists until the end of March 2013 when he was nearly 89 available on the website of Mahasarakham University . Therefore,

years old. Unexpectedly it was his last trip. Over these 35 years, he only the reference numbers used in this bibliography are given for

seemed to enjoy a good working environment, with more contacts each article mentioned in this section, i.e. “#73 1970” corresponds

with geologists from different countries, broad horizons, without to “73–Fontaine H. and Saurin E., 1970 . Couche coquillière dans

logistic concerns and over all, in the absence of war. He just missed le sous-sol de la ville de Hue, Viet Nam. (Shell bed found in the

being able to go on with his other interests (archaeology) and the subsoil of the town of Hue). Compte-rendu sommaire des Séances

opportunity to discuss directly with peasants because of the lande la Société Géologique de France 5, 153–154. Paris”, page 8 of the

guage barrier. His health no longer permits him to go so far from bibliography.

where he is now living. He continues reading, walking, doing thing

(Fig. 4C to F) at the rhythm of his heart, leaving behind many things

3.1. Archaeology

he had done and that he wished to accomplish.

Since late the 1960s, H. Fontaine developed a deep interest in

prehistory when two French catholic nuns showed him some stone

2.5. Key events

tools unearthed during the foundation works of their new leprosar-

ium at Phuoc Tan, a village located less than 30 km NE of Saigon (#74

H. Fontaine intended to be a priest living among villagers

1970, p.90). This hospital was reserved for the so-called “lépreux

somewhere in Asia and in touch with nature. It was normally

blanchis”, patients cured of leprosy and no longer threatening pub-

unnecessary for him to get a university degree or a doctorate.

lic health who remained under medical supervision. H. Fontaine

Having obtained these diplomas, he became an expert for an inter-

came there nearly every weekend (accompanied by T.T. Hoang)

national scientiﬁc organization and a well-known specialist of fossil

after the discovery. He himself carried out about thirty excavations

corals from Southeast Asia. All of that would not be what he had

before the construction. Later on the “lépreux blanchis” brought

dreamed of. There were several subsequent major events which

to him all they found during their plowing. He discovered and

modiﬁed, malgré lui, the course of his life, although he succeeded

collected in situ thousands of stone tools and potsherds, from var-

in his objective: to be of service to others.

ious prehistoric sites in the Bien Hoa area (Cu Lao Rua, Ben Do,

Phuoc Tan. . .)(#87 1972 and #101 1975). Based on their common

• characteristics (shapes and uses of stone tools, drawing motifs of

Getting a university degree (licence ès sciences) in 1951: the ﬁrst

potsherds) and their bronze age, H. Fontaine proposed the name

event was important not only for H. Fontaine but possibly also

Phuoctanian (or the Culture of Phuoc Tan) for all these sites because

for the MEP (Foreign Missions of Paris). Wishing to have priests

Phuoc Tan is the richest site where he collected more than half of

with a higher academic level, Father Charles Joseph Lemaire a

2300 stone tools found in the Bien Hoa area (#87 1972 , pp. 123

(1900–1995), the then General Superior of the MEP decided on

& 128). In the early 1970s, H. Fontaine and T.T. Hoang discovered

sending three young priests to the University of Lille, among them

and unearthed at Phu Hoa (Xuan Loc area) several burial jars in

H. Fontaine. b

• which were found artifacts, glass and cornelian pearls (#83 1972

Becoming a teacher: the second event was acted by the Viet-

and #100 1975). This site belongs to the Sa Huynh Culture. Many

namese Bishop of Ha Noi who took him out of the countryside

of these items are exhibited in the archaeological museum of the

to teach at the Petit Séminaire of Ha Noi. H. Fontaine abandoned

Botanical Garden of Ho Chi Minh City, the rest is kept at the Museum

countryside life deﬁnitively.

• of the Geological Survey of this city. As soon as 1976, his archaeo-

Facing two Vietnamese teachers at the Petit Séminaire of Ha Noi,

logical investigations opened the way to researchers coming from

who kept their students away from him outside the class-room,

North Viet Nam (under the guidance of T.T. Hoang). In 2001, he

H. Fontaine decided to go to the Geological Survey maybe as a

attended the International Conference on One Century of Viet Nam

pastime.

• Archaeology-Achievement, Orientation and Prospect organized in

Meeting Dr Edmond Saurin may have been one of the most impor-

Ha Noi (Fig. 3A).

tant events. H. Fontaine began to familiarize himself with fossil

corals and to go further in his post-graduate studies.

•

The separation of the North from the South of Viet Nam in 1954 3.2. Geology

pushed him into the South.

•

Taking up the direction of the Geological Survey of Saigon. His life H. Fontaine (alone or with collaborators) made many discover-

was since then attached to geology. ies in a dozen countries. He conducted different joint-studies on

•

His interest in prehistory was due to the discovery of stone tools Southeast Asia (the Jurassic in Southeast Asia (#138 1983), the Per-

by the “lépreux blanchis” (“whitened lepers”) of the leprosarium mian of Southeast Asia (#148 1986)), on Thailand (Paleozoic and

at Phuoc Tan (South Viet Nam) (see below). Mesozoic fossils of West Thailand and their environments (#167

•

Meeting M. Mainguy in Saigon before 1975 was also one of the 1988)), on Indonesia (the pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their

most important events. Thanks to this relationship, H. Fontaine environments (#173 1989)), and on Malaysia (the Neoschwagerina-

became an expert to the CCOP. zone and the Lepidolina-Yabeina-zones in Malaysia: the transition

•

Last but not least among important events were the long and to the Triassic (#211 1994)). He also published in 1978 a review

successful cooperations with the geologists and the helpful sup- of the geology and mineral resources of Kampuchea, Laos and Viet

port of the Geological Surveys of different countries of East and Nam (#109, p. 541–603). Thousands of geological and stratigraphic

Southeast Asia, and indirectly of the Foreign Missions of Paris. studies have been carried out by Vietnamese geologists who have

being taking into account what had been done by French geolo-

gists, among them H. Fontaine (Phan et al., 1986 and 1991, Tong

et al., 1986, Vu Khuc et al., 2000 and so on).

3. Scientiﬁc contributions

With the exception of South Viet Nam and Thailand, the ﬁeld-

trips of H. Fontaine in other countries were brief and not repeated.

It is impossible to give in this third section all the references

relative to all the researches of H. Fontaine, there are nearly 300.

These references can be found in his bibliography published in the

Thai journal “Research & Knowledge” (Fontaine and Hoang, 2018) https://rk.msu.ac.th.

T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190 181

So, his observations should be the same! At the beginning of each H. Fontaine described Heliolites porosus Goldfuss and Heliolites bar-

article there is a summing up of what had been already published randei Penecke from two Devonian samples collected in the Thanh

by other researchers or by himself. Hoa and Yen Lac regions respectively (Northern Viet Nam) (#20

Only a summary of his research over the last six decades is pro- 1954, p. 67–74). In 1961, he identiﬁed Heliolites porosus Gold-

vided in the following paragraphs. A complete analysis of these fuss (among other corals) in a black limestone sample collected

studies should be interesting. at Ban Vang (a village at 90 km W-NW of Vientiane on the Lao

bank of the Mekong River, the natural frontier between Laos and

3.2.1. Palaeontology Thailand) (#29 1961, p. 20) and Heliolites barrandei Penecke in

In 1954 and 1959, H. Fontaine dedicated his two theses to the another black limestone sample collected at Ban Muang over the

Paleozoic corals of Kampuchea, Laos and Viet Nam. Because of the Thai riverbank (60 km W-NW of Vientiane) (#29 1961, p. 20). Thus,

war in Indochina during the 1950s, he had not been able to do he described the ﬁrst Devonian fossil from NE Thailand as early as

ﬁeldtrips everywhere he wished. He only carried out some ﬁeld- 1961; this fact remained unknown years later (Ingavat-Helmcke,

works in Laos (Thakhek), Kampuchea (Battambang province (Treng, 1994, p. 45). Until 1980, a ﬁeldtrip to NE Thailand led to new dis-

Banan), Sisophon), in North Viet Nam (Tan Lam, from Dong Ha to coveries reported in 1981 (#126 1981) without description of the

Lao Bao). He studied a lot of samples (from Indochina and Yunnan) collected fossils. During 1986 and 1987 more intensive ﬁeldworks

collected by French geologists before him and housed at the Geo- were carried out in NE Thailand by the Thai Department of Mineral

logical Survey of Ha Noi. These samples were later transferred to Resources. Many new and rich fossiliferous deposits were discov-

the Geological Survey of Saigon in 1954. After his theses, he pur- ered in the Loei area (#183 1990, p. 58). More than 30 localities

sued the study of fossil corals of this collection or newly collected in (NE Thailand) show important buildups of corals and stromato-

Kampuchea and Viet Nam. Two hundred or so genera and species of poroids, these are unique for Thailand and Malaysia (#275 2002,

fossil corals (Middle Devonian to Upper Permian) were identiﬁed; p. 30). Heliolites was found at different “Ban” (village) areas, mostly

about half of which had been unknown or were newly erected. Heliolites porosus Goldfuss. In the Ban Muang area (Nong Bua Lam-

In Thailand, paleontological results were gathered in abundance, phu Province (#288 2005, p. 43)), H. Fontaine recovered Heliolites

particularly for corals. In 1970, only 25 species of fossil corals were barrandei Penecke and also Heliolites porosus Goldfuss (#275 2002,

known from Thailand. At the end of 2001, over 250 species had been p. 30). In late 2008, he collected some samples in the Ban Vang area

identiﬁed and many had been described. They range from Devonian (Laos), and he found Heliolites; though not well preserved, it indi-

to Jurassic. The knowledge of other fossil groups was also improved. cated a Givetian or older age (#159 1987, p. 26). This long story has

H. Fontaine identiﬁed hundreds of Paleozoic and Triassic corals proved what H. Fontaine had written in 1990: “Ban Khoi Phai Belt

found in Southeast Asia and entrusted Jurassic corals and other fos- may be considered as starting at least from Ban Vang in Laos” (#183

sil groups (foraminifers, pelecypods, ammonites, algae, woods) to 1990, p. 61). According to the authors of “Geology of Cambodia, Laos

French colleagues (#180 1990, p. 1–2) or to Japanese specialists and Viet Nam” (Phan et al., 1991, p. 40), in NW Laos, Heliolites poro-

(Fontaine and Hoang, 2018, p. 8; #67 1969). He erected a hundred sus Goldfuss was found in the Xiengkhouang and Khammuon areas,

new genera and species of fossil corals in Southeast Asia. Also a and Heliolites barrandei Penecke at Xiengkhouang. The genus Heli-

dozen new species of fossils were dedicated to him (see Appendix). olites is common in the northern part of Laos and Viet Nam (#29

H. Fontaine gathered thousands of samples collected by himself 1961, p. 41). “Elsewhere in Thailand such abundant Devonian coral

in each country. Each sample (rock and thin section) has a “label” faunas are unknown to date” (#180 1990, p. 315). Though the Devo-

composed of a letter (ﬁrst letter of country name) and an order- nian is known in the North, the West and in the Peninsula with the

ing number, i.e. T11477 (T for Thailand, 11477 is the number of presence of conodonts, brachiopods, graptolites and so on, no corals

the last sample from Thailand and of his scientiﬁc life, collected have been mentioned (#275 2002, p. 28–31, Ingavat-Helmcke,

in the Chumphae area on 22 March 2013). The “T-collection”, the 1994, p. 44–45). “In West Thailand, including the Peninsula and

richest and the most complete, can be found in Thailand (Depart- areas from Kanchanaburi to Mae Hong Son and Fang, Devonian seas

ment of Mineral Resources, Sirindhorn Museum, Chulalongkorn were widespread but not favorable to corals” according to Fontaine

and Mahasarakham Universities). A number of samples collected et al. 2003 (#284, p. 53).

in Laos were included in the “T-collection” after a ﬁeldtrip from In Malaysia, well-dated Devonian sediments are widespread

Thailand. Other collections of H. Fontaine are far less important. in Peninsular Malaysia, almost in the western part (#275 2002,

His samples from Indochina have been kept at the Geological Sur- p. 21, map p. 23) but no coral was found (#225 1994; #275 2002,

vey of Ho Chi Minh City, others are housed at the MEP, some are p. 21–28). No Devonian locality was mentioned in the western

kept by different researchers for study. Philippines.

3.2.2. Stratigraphy 3.2.2.2. Carboniferous. During the Carboniferous, Southeast Asia

The studies of H. Fontaine were essentially focused on the period was covered by the sea (#123 1982, p. 186), but although Carbonif-

from the Devonian to the Jurassic, especially when he worked erous corals are in abundance at many localities, they are unknown

within the framework of CCOP. Concerning pre-Devonian times, a or very rare at others. They are unknown or extremely rare in the

few remarks were made in some publications (#167 1988, p. 2–5); Philippines, in Borneo except a small area of western Sarawak, in

for post-Jurassic times most of the articles did not concern geology. Indonesia except in northern and central Sumatra, in South Viet

Therefore, what follows is mainly about the Devonian–Jurassic time Nam except the Pirates Archipelago. In Kampuchea, the presence

interval, with a few remarks about the Cretaceous and Holocene. of Carboniferous cannot be proved by fossils (#123 1982, p. 193). In

East Myanmar, they remain poorly known (#217 1994, p. 24–42).

3.2.2.1. Devonian. H. Fontaine dedicated more than twenty studies As in the Devonian, Carboniferous corals are widespread in the

to Devonian corals from Viet Nam, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia. northern half of Laos and Viet Nam (#29 1961, p. 41; #217 1994,

In 1961, he wrote “Devonian corals were unknown in Kam- ﬁg. 1, p. 26). They were newly found at ﬁve localities between

puchea at least up to now” (#29 1961, p. 2). Years later, they Thakhek and Nhommarat in Laos (#217 1994, ﬁg. 6, p. 33). Two

remain undiscovered (Phan et al., 1986, p. 47). They were never species of Kueichouphyllym were reported (#217 2000, p. 36). In

found in Sumatra and the surrounding islands in Indonesia (#180 the past, H. Fontaine had erected two new species of this genus

1990, p. 58). Upper–Middle Devonian corals appeared in the north- collected in this area, K. banphitense and K. laosense (#29 1961,

ern parts of Laos and Viet Nam (#29 1961, p. 10). In 1954, p. 135–136 and Appendix below).

182 T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190

Although Carboniferous sediments are exposed in abundance and P. thailandicum Fontaine) are common in the Peninsula but

in Thailand, corals were found only in the Thai mainland; they are Paraipciphyllum is rare elsewhere in Thailand. Otherwise, Ipciphyl-

widely distributed in Central and NE regions and poorly known in lum (abundant in the Murghabian) and Pseudohuangia are absent

the NW and SE (#192 1991, p. 1). Carboniferous corals found at sev- in the Peninsula and well-known in Central and NE Thailand (#273

eral localities aligned in a N-S direction from the northern part of 2001, p. 17–18). Common in the Murghabian and Midian (#211

Loei to Bangkok and at a locality in NW Thailand were described, 1994, p. 88), the “Incertae sedis” Sphairionia, a good stratigraphi-

among them 33 genera and 2 newly erected species (#192 1991, cal marker (#167 1988, p. 109–111), is well distributed in the Thai

p. 28–69). They were entirely absent in the Thai Peninsula (#192 Peninsula (#273 2001, p. 14–19,). The ﬁrst discovery of a Lower Per-

1991, p. 1–2; #217 1994, p. 26–27; #269 2000, p. 27–33). The mian coral assemblage came from the red limestone at Khao Tham

Lower Carboniferous was reported for the ﬁrst time at the Chon Rusi Laat (NE of Nakhon Sawan-Lam Narai area, Central Thailand)

Dean area (Phetchabun Province) along the western edge of the (#227 1995, p. 14), this red limestone is massive and exploited

Khorat Plateau. (#135 1983, p. 13–18). At Ban Na Duang (Loei for the production of red ﬂooring tiles (#227 1995, p. 13). The

Province) many Middle-Upper Carboniferous localities were dis- Permian corals of Thailand were studied by H. Fontaine in 1994,

covered. Though poorly known in SE Asia, the discovery of Ivanovia with geographical distribution and systematic description of more

sigillata (#217 1994, p. 41) indicates an environment rather favor- than thirty genera. He erected about 44 new Permian species of

able to corals in NE Thailand during the Moscovian (#270 2000, corals, nearly half of which from Thailand (#213 1994 and Appendix

p. 36). The discovery of Kueichouphyllum at several localities in below).

Thailand (Huai Sa Ngao area along the Mekong River (NE Thai- In 1986, H. Fontaine conducted a joint-research on the Permian

land) (#126 1981, p. 2), Ban Na Klang area in the NE (#269 2000, of SE Asia covering palaeontology, stratigraphy, geochemistry,

p. 33), Khao Yai area in the East (#242 1997, p. 48–52) and at differ- igneous activities, paleogeographic evolution, mineral resources,

ent places in the Noen Maprang area (#192 1991, p. 38)) conﬁrms bibliography and seven studies of fossil faunas collected in Sumatra,

the large distribution of this genus in the Upper Visean over East Kampuchea, Thailand, the Philippines (#148 1986). A few Per-

and Southeast Asia (Japan, China, Viet Nam, Laos, Thailand) and the mian corals were mentioned at Ban Phu Plu (Kanchanaburi) (p.

northeastern part of West Australia (#192 1991, p. 38). 150–151), at Khao Tham Sua (SW Phetchaburi, Thai Peninsula)

In the Malay Peninsula, Lower Carboniferous corals only (p. 158–160) and Jengka Pass (Central Malay Peninsula). For the

occurred in the Kinta Valley (#217 1994, p. 27). ﬁrst time, the genus Parawentzelella was reported at this Pass (p.

In Central Sumatra (Indonesia), Lower Carboniferous limestone 158). Permian limestone discovered in the southern part of Tara

was found at Kuantan Gorge with abundant and poorly preserved Island in the Calamian Islands (the Philippines), contains algae,

corals (Tabulata and Rugosa) (#173 1989, p. 41; #125 1982, p. 178). small foraminifera and fusulinids (p. 161–162).

Lower Carboniferous limestone was identiﬁed at the Agam River In 1994, H. Fontaine was in charge of a joint-study on the bios-

(Padang area) thanks to the presence of foraminifera (#125 1982, tratigraphy of the Middle-Upper Permian microfossils in the Malay

p. 178). Peninsula. Many samples were collected at different localities fol-

In the Republic of Korea, the Carboniferous occurs in the Gohan lowing a line trending N-S from Kota Bharu to Melaka through three

and Danyang Districts. Microfauna and poorly preserved corals states Kelantan, Pahang and Negeri Sembilan (#211 1994). Permian

were assigned to the Bashkirian (#115 1979, p. 17–24). fossils appear more abundant in the East than in the West of the

Malay Peninsula (#281 2002, p. 576–577). In the East, Middle Per-

3.2.2.3. Permian. In the Permian, limestone was developed all over mian corals were obtained in the Bukit Biwash-Bukit Taat area in

SE Asia and is often rich in fossils (#144 1981, p. 1168). As in Terengganu State (#163 1988, p. 25–30; #170 1988, p. 17–18; #164

the Devonian and Carboniferous, the Permian is widely distributed 1988, p. 65–78). In Central Pahang, Middle-Upper Permian corals

in the northern part of Laos and Viet Nam. In Laos, the Permian were identiﬁed at Kampung Awah and the Jengka Pass (#211 1994,

deposits may be marine, semi-marine or continental at different p. 13–23; #164 1988, p. 65–68). It is also rich in “Incertae sedis”

localities. The Permian fauna is rich in the region Luang Prabang- Sphairionia, mentioned in the Thai Peninsula (above) (#211 1994,

Van Vieng (algae, foraminifera, corals, brachiopods, bivalves) and in p. 88–107). Upper Permian corals were found in the Sungai Kenong

the Kamkeut and Thakhek areas (fusulinaceans, brachiopods) and region (central-north Pahang) (#211 1994, p. 45–55). In the West,

in the Saravan area (algae, foraminifera) (#281 2002, p. 574). the presence of the genus Maklaya (fusulinid, Bolorian in age) at the

In Viet Nam, the Permian is widespread in the northeastern and new H. S. Lee Mine 8 in the Kinta Valley (SW Kampar, Perak) indi-

northwestern parts, but in the later it is marked by the occurrence cates stronger paleontological afﬁnities between the Kinta Valley

of volcanic rocks. It is not well developed in Central Viet Nam and and the eastern part of the Malay Peninsula or eastern Thailand

is widely distributed from Ha Tien (S. Viet Nam, near the Kam- rather than with the northwestern part of the Malay Peninsula

puchea border and the Gulf of Thailand) to S. Kampuchea (#182 or the Thai Peninsula (#225 1994, p. 171). A newly discovered

1990, p. 232), but less important in S. Viet Nam than in Kampuchea limestone in the Seri Bandi area (about 86 km NW Kuantan, South

(#281 2002, p. 574). Terengganu) contains a rather well preserved late Early Permian

In Thailand, the Permian limestone, widely distributed and foraminifer assemblage (#250 1999). In Sarawak (East Malaysia),

belonging mainly to Lower and Middle Permian (#288 2005, p. 40), Permian fossils (foraminifera and conodonts) were only identiﬁed

is exposed in some localities in the West, more commonly in the in the Terbat area (#281 2002, p. 578).

rest of the country. Permian corals are absent in the West, they In the Jambi area (eastern part of central Sumatra (Indonesia)),

appear in the Northwest (Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son areas), in the Lower Permian found at different localities yields diverse fau-

the North (Lampang and Nan areas), the Central (Saraburi, Phetch- nas: continental ﬂora, algae, foraminifera, fusulinaceans and corals

abun and Uthai Thani areas), in the Northeast (Loei-Wang Saphung which include Rugosa (Kepingophyllum) and Tabulata (Protomiche-

region and Chumphae area), in the Southeast (hills along the Kam- lina) (#173 1989, p. 95–98; #281 2002, p. 579, #173 1989, p. 48,

puchea border, in the Sa Kaeo area, limestone well fossiliferous) 53, 59, 79, 95). Middle Permian limestone is widely distributed

(#213 1994, p. 3–30; #236 1996, p. 14). In the Thai Peninsula, in the western part of central Sumatra, in the Padang Highlands.

from the Thong Pha Phum area in the north to Ko Ma Island in A dozen species of Middle Permian corals were identiﬁed from

the south (#273 2001, p. 14–19), Permian corals were studied at many samples collected at Guguk Bulat (Ipciphyllum, Wentzel-

forty localities ranging from upper Lower to upper Upper Permian. loides), very rich in fossils (foraminifera, corals) and Silungkang

The genera Sinopora and Paraipciphyllum (P. kulvanichi Fontaine (Pavastehphyllum, Lophophyllium). A species of Wentzelloides from

T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190 183

Guguk Bulat was newly erected (#173 1989, p. 149–166; #125 p. 91). Middle Triassic limestones were reported in Kalantan (cen-

1982, p. 178–179; #132 1982, p. 21–26; #137 1983, p. 1–31). Upper tral Malay Peninsula), Upper Triassic in central Pahang (#207 1993,

Permian limestone appears in the Tigabimanga area (northern part p. 94). Upper Permian to Triassic was found in the Valley of Sungai

of the western half of Sumatra); it contains bryozoa, crinoids, and Kenong (central-north Pahang) (#211 1994, p. 45–55). Upper Tri-

rare small foraminifera (#273 1989, p. 167). assic marine limestone discovered at the basement of the southern

In the western Philippines, massive limestone without macro- Malay Basin suggests that “a pre-Tertiary sequence ranging from

fossils is exposed in the Tara Group which is composed of three the Lower Carboniferous to the Upper Triassic probably exists in

small islands (Malemeglemeg, Botula and Getche) extending N-E some of the offshore areas of the Malay and Thai Basins”(#182 1990,

of the Calamian Islands. Small foraminifera enclosed in limestone p. 219).

indicate a Murghabian-Midian age for the two ﬁrst islands, no fos- In the main island of Singapore, Triassic limestone (“Pan-

sils are known from the last (#148 1986, p. 161–162; #125 1986, dan Limestone”) containing corals was found in a drill-core

p. 172–173). between–173 m and -203 m (#206 1993, p. 9–19).

Middle-Upper Triassic limestones with corals and microfaunas

3.2.2.4. Triassic. In the Indochina Peninsula, marine Triassic sedi- were identiﬁed at different localities in the western half of Suma-

ments widely cover the northeastern part of Laos, the northwestern tra: Lurah Tambang Creek at the foot of the Gulak Bulat Hill, near

part of North Viet Nam, partly South Viet Nam and eastern Kam- Sawahlunto (#173 1989, p. 169–204; #125 1982, p. 179).

puchea (#109 1978, p. 554). They are generally continental or

subcontinental in central Viet Nam. Continental Triassic deposits, 3.2.2.5. Jurassic. During the Early-Middle Jurassic in Kampuchea,

common in the Peninsula, contain coal seams and red beds (#109 Laos and Viet Nam, deposition was characterized by two sedi-

1978, p. 554). These continental red beds (“terrain rouge” forma- mentary formations: red continental and marine ones (#109 1978,

tion) interbedded with the marine horizons (#109 1978, p. 556) p. 59).

were observed south of Tchepone (SE Laos) (in central north- The distribution of Jurassic corals in SE Asia as reported in 1986

ern Thailand early Upper Triassic fan delta red beds belonging showed that although the Jurassic Sea covered a large region in this

to the Pha Daeng Formation were reported (Chaodumrong and part of Asia, Jurassic corals were found only in some limited places

Burrett, 1997)). The Upper Triassic sediments were mentioned (#150 1986, p. 139).

as the youngest marine strata in a great part of Viet Nam, Laos, In Kampuchea, Laos, and Viet Nam, the Jurassic deposits are

Kampuchea, East Thailand and the Malay Peninsula. Middle-Upper mainly continental. In Kampuchea, they are distributed in a large

Jurassic deposits were only found in West Thailand, Sumatra, Bor- part of the western half of the country. They widely cover the north-

neo, the Philippines and East Indonesia (#182 1990, p. 231). ern half of Laos and largely appear in northern and the northern

In Thailand, Triassic limestone, rich in diverse fossils, was half of central Viet Nam. The marine Jurassic sediments, belonging

reported in several localities, from the Peninsula to West, North only to the Lower Jurassic, are present in a small part of SE Laos,

and East Thailand (#288 2005, p. 40). In W-NW Thailand (west of in E. Kampuchea and in southern and the southern half of central

Uthai Thani), Upper Triassic corals were ﬁrst discovered in situ in Viet Nam along the border between the three countries. Since the

1996 (#236, p. 15), afterwards the study of two dozen of hills in Middle Jurassic, the sea completely withdrew from these countries

this region was carried on in the late 1990s (#267 2000, p. 7–19; (#138 1983, p. 3–5; #150 1986, p. 138–139). In S. Viet Nam, the

#284 2003, p. 63). In Nan region (N Thailand), Upper Triassic lime- discovery of Late Lower Jurassic ammonites by H. Fontaine in the

stones, more or less fossiliferous, widely occur and are associated Darlac (#53 1966) and Bien Hoa areas (#67 1969) allowed to extend

with volcanic rocks (#271 2001, p. 15–42; #288 2003, p. 63). In NE southwards the presence of the Lower Jurassic.

Thailand, a Murghabian to Lower Triassic sequence appeared in the In Thailand, the marine Jurassic is well developed in the West,

limestone from Khao Tham Yai to Khao Pa Pakhi, along the Lomsak- extending to Myanmar. Two marine ingressions were reported in

Chumphae highway (#272 2001, p. 44). In SE Thailand, near the E. Thailand: in the western part of the Khorat Plateau and at Ko Kut

Kampuchea border, Upper Triassic limestones are well fossilifer- (#150 1986, p. 140–141). Jurassic limestone builds up large hills

ous at Khao Noi Si Chumpu, Khao Thep Nimit Bamphot and poorly in Mae Sot, Umphang and is locally exposed in the Kanchanaburi

fossiliferous at Wat Khao Tham Rat (#236 1996, p. 15), and Scytho- and Mae Hong Son areas (#138 1983 p. 5; #284 2003, p. 63; #288

Anisian limestone was found in the Klaeng area (SE Bangkok) (#121 2005, p. 40). At several localities, it is rich in diverse fossils; algae,

1981, p. 63–66). In the Thai Peninsula, several new Triassic locali- foraminifera, corals, brachiopods, gastropods, bivalves, ammonites

ties were discovered between Chumphon (east coast) and the Saba (#151 1986, p. 27; #284 2003, p. 63). Many Jurassic corals were

Yoi area near the Malay border, through Phangnga and Trang (west collected in the Klo Tho and Mae Sot areas, elsewhere they are

coast) (#207 1993, p. 83–91); this formation reaches the SW Thai almost absent. More than 35 species were identiﬁed, three of which

Mainland at Ban Phu Takian (half way between Kanchanaburi and were new ones (#151 1986, p. 27). In NE Thailand, the Jurassic and

Thong Pha Phum) in the north and passes over the Malay border the Cretaceous are represented by the continental sediments of the

in the south (#207 1993, p. 83–91). Among Triassic localities in the Khorat Group, except some marine beds belonging to the upper part

Thai Peninsula, only one (Ban Khung Nang area, east Trang) was of Jurassic (#151 1986, p. 29). Numerous supposedly Jurassic con-

assigned to Middle-Upper Triassic (#207 1993, p. 84). In W Thai- tinental vertebrates collected in the Khorat Group were reported in

land, a sequence of black shale, mudstone and sandstone appears 1983, most of them from the Sao Khua Formation (#138, p. 68–75).

at Km 66 of the road from Tak to Mae Sot. Organic matter extracted In Malaysia, the Jurassic sediments are mainly continental. Their

from this black shale consists of ligneous particles associated with extension is not known because of the absence of fossils. As in Thai-

some spores and pollens which indicate a Late Permian-Early Tri- land, coal beds are also absent, it is probably due to the arid climate

assic age (#167 1988, p. 56–57). (#138 1983 p. 6). In Sarawak, the Upper Jurassic is exposed in the

In the NW of the Malay Peninsula, rare Triassic fossils were western part (#138 1983, p. 24).

found on the eastern side of Bukit Mata Air (a hill sitting astride Lower Jurassic marine fossils were reported in Singapore at

the border between Thailand and Malaysia) and Permian fossils at Mount Guthrie (#138 1983, p. 6).

the southern end (#207 1993, p. 91; #186 1990). Further south In Sumatra (Indonesia), the Lower and Middle Jurassic is poorly

of Bukit Mata Air, there are two series of hills aligned in a N-S distributed and devoid of corals, whereas the Upper Jurassic is

direction. Bukit Chuping, one of these hills, contains microfossils widespread with corals found at many localities from the NW

assigned to Late Ladinian-Carnian (#207 1993, p. 83; #311 1988, to the SE Sumatra (#173 1989, p. 243–297; #150 1986, p. 140).

184 T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190

Microfaunas collected elsewhere in the northwestern and cen- B.C. at Ban Tan Dinh (#73 1980) to 3730 years B.C. at Nui Choc (#80

tral parts of Sumatra (12 km east Padang) were assigned to Upper p. 140).

Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous (#173 1989, p. 227–241; # 125 1982, In the Philippines, an ancient shoreline marked by a horizontal

p. 179). notch about 4–5 meters above the present sea level was noticed

In the western part of the Philippines, new data were obtained during a ﬁeldtrip in the Sangat and Malajon Islands belonging to

from the marine Jurassic samples collected at different onshore the Calamian Group (N. Palawan, W. Philippines). A similar ancient

localities in Mindoro Island, the Calamian Islands and Imorigue shoreline is also found in Malaysia, Indonesia and Viet Nam. Radio-

Island (NE Palawan). The fossils (corals, ammonites. . .) of these carbon dating indicates an age of around 5500 years before present

Islands indicate a Middle-Upper Jurassic age (#138 1983, p. 6–11). (#18 1978 p. 23–24).

The Jurassic is unknown in the Cuyo Archipelago (#153 1986, p. 4).

3.2.2.6. Cretaceous. In Kampuchea, Laos and Viet Nam, from the 3.3. Publications

Middle Jurassic onwards, deposition was exclusively continental

and formed mainly two facies distinguished by French terms “Ter- Once at the head of the Geological Survey of Saigon, H. Fontaine

rain rouge” (sandstone, sandy shales, marls and red to purple clay) undertook quickly the rebirth of the “Archives Géologiques du Viet

and “Grès supérieurs” (quartzite, light grey or more rarely pink or Nam” and took over its direction. It was the only periodical on geol-

yellow) well developed in the south of the peninsula (#109 1978, ogy of that time in all Viet Nam and for several years afterwards.

p. 559). The ﬁrst number was released in 1952 at Ha Noi under the author-

During the Cretaceous and Tertiary, Thailand was out of the sea, ity of E. Saurin. H. Fontaine supervised the publication of the papers

so there are no Cretaceous corals (#288 2005, p. 40; #284 2003, prepared inside as well as outside the Geological Survey (Univer-

p. 37). sity of Saigon, Water Survey . . .). From 1954 to 1974, 16 volumes

In S. Korea (Republic of Korea), the Cretaceous deposits are were published without interruption under his direction.

composed of many small intramountane basins except the large To facilitate the researches of readers, he compiled six bibliogra-

Kyongsang Basin in the SE and the Mokpo area in the SW. Some phies about geology, earth sciences and his own publications. The

thousands of meters thick, the sediments in the Kyongsang Basin history of geological research in different countries of SE Asia and

have been divided into six formations based on lithology; on the China were discussed in a dozen articles.

top is an Igneous Complex interbedded with sediments. A paly- He dedicated two biographies to Edmond Saurin (1904–1977),

nological assemblage accompanying ostracods indicates a Lower the last well-known geologist of the former French Indochina (#127

Cretaceous age. In the Mokpo area, thick volcanic deposits cover a 1982), and to Charles-Juste Arnoux (1825–1864), a member of the

formation of sediments interbedded with volcanic material (#118 Foreign Missions of Paris who had being very interested in geology

1980, p. 16–20; #111 1978, p. 13–20). (#239 1996).

Microfaunas from the Gumai area (SE Sumatra) indicate a Lower

Cretaceous age (#173 1989, p. 227–241). Two ammonites from the

Motano Lake area (central Sulawesi) were assigned an age close to

3.4. Industry

the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary (#125 1982, p. 176–177).

In E. Malaysia, Cretaceous faunas (gastropods, molluscs,

H. Fontaine took part in projects of dam construction, to several

sponges, foraminifera) were embedded in limestone in the region

studies of limestones and coal in different regions in Central Viet

of Lahad Datu (southeastern part of Sabah, NE Borneo); coral debris

Nam, what required national industries newly set up (manufac-

were noticed, and rudists (molluscs) were discovered (#117 1989,

tures of cements, fertilizers. . .)(Quang Nam, Da Nang (#30 1961;

p. 27–32).

#33 1962; #34 1962), Hue (#32 1962; #46 1964), Quang Tri areas

(#82 1971), Thua Thien, Nong Son (#41 1964), Ha Tien (#30 1961,

3.2.2.7. Pleistocene. In 1971, in Viet Nam a study of ancient allu-

#75 1970)).

vium was carried on in an extensive region delimited by the plateau

Between 1957 and 1972, he studied numerous thermo-mineral

of Da Lat-Di Linh-Bao Loc in the NE and the Mekong Delta in the

springs dispersed along the Central Viet Nam, between the moun-

SW. This deposit consists of successive beds of sand, clays (mainly

tain chain Truong Son and Bien Dong (Sea East). One of which,

kaolin), laterite, sand and gravels (#81 1971, p. 145–168). Red lat-

Dangun Spring (Binh Thuân Province) (#25 1957), produced drink-

erite and white kaolin are exploited in some regions. Laterite is

ing bottles under the name of Laska. His name was mentioned in the

used for construction of foundations and tombs. Fossil wood and

label as the discoverer (Fig. 3B). Not very far from Dangun Spring

tektite were discovered in the Bien Hoa area (surrounding Ho Chi

is the well-known Vinh Hao Spring commercialized since 1958, its

Minh City) (#56 1966, p. 3–4). The largest tektite fragment weights

water pointing out of Vichy from France (#42 1964, p. 21). During

1,780 g. Tektites were also found in Quang Duc province (NE of the

the end of 1960s and the early of 1970s, he took part prospecting

ancient alluvium) (#88 1972 p. 133–138).

heavy minerals in beach sands along the coast, basaltic bauxites on

the plateaus of Bao Lôc and Di Linh (Lâm Dông province).

A research of oil & gas offshore was launched in the 1960s

3.2.2.8. Holocene. In Viet Nam, H. Fontaine carried out several ﬁeld-

by the then director of the Direction of Natural Resources (Ho,

works along the coast of the Sea East (Biên Dông in Vietnamese)

1969). At the end of the 1960s, many offshore aero-magnetic sur-

from Phan Thiet to Ninh Hoa (more than 230 km, south-central

vey carried out by CCOP revealed encouraging results (CCOP, 1978,

Viet Nam) to follow old sea levels at Ninh Hoa (#40 1964) and

p. 124). That attracted several large oil & gas companies. Therefore,

to study their formation during the Quaternary (#98 1974). The

H. Fontaine received different experts representing these compa-

Mekong Delta is marked by numerous characteristic sandy bands

nies who wished to know more about the geology of the country. In

(called “giông” in Vietnamese), 0.5 km to 1 km large, some kilome-

1974, one year before the fall of South Viet Nam, the newly founded

ters long and 1 to 2 meters above the plain, oriented N-E. They were

th General Agency of Oil & Gas and Mineral Resources took place of

inhabited at least since the 7 century according to the archaeo-

the Direction of Natural Resources and transformed the Geologi-

logical discoveries. In the Mekong Delta (S. Viet Nam), the traces of

cal Survey into Centre of Geological Research which was larger on

old seashore were recorded at Cai Lây, dated 2550 years B. C. (#76

paper but smaller in space.

1970, p. 147–154), with deposits of shells dated from 550 years

T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190 185

3.5. Education was during more than half a century in touch with some faithful

friends-collaborators. Shortly before his 89 birthday, he made,

He founded in 1961 the Department of Geology at the Univer- without knowing beforehand that would be the last, his last ﬁeld-

sity of Hue (Central Viet Nam) and was one of rare professors until trip to Asia while he was not ready to give up his research.

1968, when there was a brief assault of North Viet Nam during the One could regret the absence of a travel diary from such a great

Vietnamese new year (Mau Than). He had giving courses back in traveler and researcher who crossed a dozen countries back and

1973. He helped students to prepare and to publish their thesis. forth for more than sixty years. He wrote pages and pages without

ever leaving his ﬁeld of research. Calm and humble, he accepted

what was offered to him, to eat or to sleep, whether in a bowl or on

4. Academic records and memberships

a banana leaf, in a bed or on the ﬂoor. He never complained, even of

the rare pain that occurs with advanced age; but his silence went

4.1. Academic records

too far. His calm could be compared with that of a Trappist monk

• who remained silent under the stones that fall on him (Gorby, 1991,

Doctorat ès Sciences naturelles, Université de Sorbonne (Paris),

p. 190).

11 December 1959.

• His exceptionally long international scientiﬁc activity was only

Diplôme d’Études Supérieures de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences,

possible thanks to effective and friendly relationship among the

Université de Ha Noi, 11 May 1954.

• geologists of different nations, generations, and religions.

Licences ès Sciences, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lille, 1951.

•

Certiﬁcat d’Études Supérieures de Géologie Générale, Université Disclosure of interest

de Lille, June 1951.

•

Certiﬁcat d’Études Supérieures de Chimie Générale, Université de The author declares that he has no competing interest.

Nancy, October 1950.

•

Certiﬁcat d’Études Supérieures de. Zoologie, Université de Nancy, Acknowledgments

October 1950.

•

Certiﬁcat d’Études Supérieures de Botanique Générale, Université

The author wishes to express her gratitude to Father Henri

de Lille, June 1949.

Fontaine for granting her long hours of discussion, and for plac-

• e

Certiﬁcat de Bachelier de l’Enseignement Secondaire, 2 partie,

ing at her disposal personal scientiﬁc documents and photographs.

1 série Philosophie, Faculté des lettres, Université de Caen, 12

Her thanks go to his family for his old photographs.

October 1943.

Her deep thanks are also due to Drs. Didier Neraudeau, Eric Buf-

fetaut, Haiyan Tong, Julien Claude for their meticulous reviewing

4.2. Membership and editing of this manuscript.

•

The Geological Society of France, since 1953.

• Appendix A. Taxa of fossil corals introduced by and Taxa of

The Society of Indochinese Studies (member of the board), before

fossils dedicated to Henri Fontaine 1975.

•

Correspondent of the National Museum of Natural History of

th Taxons des coraux fossiles proposés par et Taxons des fossiles dédiés

France since 8 February 1980.

• à Henri Fontaine

Correspondent of Permophiles in the 1980s.

• Since 1954, about a hundred new taxa of corals have been intro-

Life member of the Geological Society of Malaysia since 1990.

duced by Henri Fontaine, more than half of which from Viet Nam,

Cambodia and Laos. The remainder was found in Thailand, Malaysia

5. Honours and Indonesia. Some samples from China were described as well.

In parallel, a dozen new taxa of various fossils have been dedicated

•

CCOP commemorative Plaque for his service over twenty years to Henri Fontaine by researchers from different countries. This

(stored at the MEP). appendix is developed from the Palaeontological Index of “Pub-

•

André C. Bonnet Prize awarded by the Academy of Sciences (Insti- lications of Henri Fontaine, 1954–1994” (Fontaine, 1995).

tute of France) 6 July 1988 in Paris. Institutional abbreviations: DMR: Department of Mineral

•

Medal of Economic Merit awarded by the Ministry of Economy of Resources (Thailand). GSHN: Geological Survey of Ha Noi (Viet

the former Republic of Viet Nam (1 October 1968). Nam). GSHCMC: Geological Survey of Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam).

•

Medal of National Merit awarded by the President of the former GSM: Geological Survey of Malaysia. MNHB: Museum of Natu-

Republic of Viet Nam (Mr. Nguyên Van Thiêu (1965–1975)). ral History, Basel (Switzerland). SM: Sirindhorn Museum, Sahat

•

Medal of Cultural Merit awarded by the Ministry of Education of Sakhan, Kalasin Province (Thailand). SPU: Sorbonne-Paris Univer-

the former Republic of Viet Nam. sity (France). UPEMP/UL: Musée de Paléontologie de l’Ecole des

Mines de Paris (sample later transferred to the University of Lyon

6. Conclusion (France)). UPVI: University of Paris VI (France).

Taxa introduced by Henri Fontaine

Up to now, Father Henri Fontaine has devoted more than two Family

third of his life to scientiﬁc research to which he spent all his

•

time and energy with an overwhelming passion and for the single Wentzelellinae Hudson 1958: According to R.G.S. Hudson

purpose of rendering service to the Asian people he feels sympa- (1958), Waagenophyllidae was divided into two subfamilies: 1-

thy for. He published more than 300 articles, erected a hundred Waagenophyllinae “with simpler structure and only two orders of

genera and species of fossil corals and set up a collection of over septa”, 2-Wentzelellinae “with more complex structure and three

twenty thousand thin sections; to that could be added several thou- or more orders of septa”. Later, Fontaine et al. (1994a, p. 77–88)

sand prehistoric objects. He established a group of more than one observed “In reality, the group assigned to Wentzelellinae dis-

hundred collaborators from over ten nationalities and has been in plays not only three or more order of septa, but also peculiar

correspondence with hundreds of scientists all over the world. He corallite wall in massive forms. . .”. Therefore, Wentzelellinae was

186 T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190

•

elevated to the family level. Represented by solitary and massive Multimurinus Fontaine, 1967: In 1967 (see above), H. Fontaine

corals easily identiﬁed, this new family Wentzelellidae is in great has introduced Multimurinus as a subgenus of Wentzelloïdes

abundance in Southeast Asia and has been found in Middle Per- (Fontaine, 1967, p. 51–54). Because of its morphology and a dif-

mian limestones. It includes Crassiparietiphyllum Fontaine, 1994, ferent geographic distribution, this subgenus is elevated to the

Multimurinus Fontaine, 1961 (see below) and also Iranophyllum rank of new genus (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 78 and 82). See also

Douglas, 1936, Wentzelloides Yabe et Minato, 1944, Wentzelo- Fontaine et al., 1997, p. 121–122.

•

phyllum Hudson, 1958. Parawentzelella Fontaine, 1961 from Sisophon-Battambang

(Cambodia). Permian. Generotype: Lonsdaleila canalifera Man-

suy, 1913 b. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 780 (Fontaine, 1961,

Genera and subgenera

p. 190–191, pl. XXV (1–4) & XXVIII (1–2) & XXIX (4–5)).

•

• Phaphungia Fontaine, 1994 from Pha Phung west of Chumphae

Battambangina Fontaine, 1967, subgenus from Phnom Takream

(NE Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample SM T4184 of

(Cambodia). Permian. Generotype: Polythecalis khmerianus

H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 75–76, pl. 29).

Fontaine var. biformis Fontaine, 1961 (Fontaine, 1967, p. 56–57).

See below Phaphungia biseptata Fontaine, 1994.

See below Battambangina biformis Fontaine, 1967. According •

Solipetra Fontaine, 1961 from a locality between Quan Ba and Yen

to Fontaine, 1983, p.7: “. . .the genus Wentzelloides . . .consists

Minh (N. Viet Nam). Devonian. Syntype: samples GSHCMC 5183

of two groups. The subgenus Battambangina contains corallites

& 5192 (Fontaine, 1961, p. 159–160, pl. XXIX, ﬁg. 1&2). See below

very irregular in shape, prismatic to cylindrical. . .. The subgenus

Solipetra vietnamica Fontaine, 1961.

Multimurinus (see below) contains more regularly prismatic

corallites. . .”. Following Fontaine et al. (1994a, p. 83): “Since

Species and subspecies

1967, no other specimen has been found with so distinctive

types of corallites. On the other hand, many newly found corals

•

have corallites which are irregular in shape with curved walls Alveolites mansuyi Fontaine, 1954 from Yunnan (Chine). Eife-

in some forms; thus corallites vary in outline from prismatic to lian (Devonian). Holotype: sample GSHN 110 (Fontaine, 1954,

cylindrical. Accordingly, there is no clear-cut distinction between p. 27–28, pl. I (7,8)).

•

Multimurinus and Battambangina, and Battambangina should be Arachnolasma laosensis Fontaine, 1961 from Ban Phit (Laos).

synonymized with Multimurinus”. Carboniferous. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 660 of H. Fontaine

•

Chombungia Fontaine, 1995 from Chom Bung area (N. Thailand). Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 128, pl. XX (13–16)).

•

Permian, Murghabian - Midian. Holotype: sample SM T4273 of Aridophyllum saithongense Fontaine from the vicinity of Ban Sai

H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine and Jungyusuk, 1995, p. 23–26). Thong (Sakaeo area, E. Thailand. Permian (Fontaine, 1990, unpub-

See below Chombungia ratburina Fontaine, 1995. lished).

• •

Crassiparietiphyllum Fontaine, 1994 from a small hill near Ban Battambangina biformis Fontaine, 1967, new name of Polythecalis

Nam Suai Tha Sawan (NE Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample khmerianus Fontaine var. biformis Fontaine, 1961, from Phnom

SM T3845 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 81). Takream (Cambodia). Permian. Generotype: Polythecalis khme-

See below Crassiparietiphyllum sattayaraki Fontaine, 1994. rianus Fontaine var. biformis Fontaine, 1961 (Fontaine, 1967,

•

Densicolumnophyllum Fontaine, 1994 from Ban Na Din Dam p. 56–57). See Battambangina above and Polythecalis khmerianus

(Loei Province, Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample T3268 of Fontaine var. biformis Fontaine, 1961.

•

H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 60, pl. 6 & 12). Caninia mansuyi Fontaine, 1961 from Mine of Thanh Moi (Lang

See below Densicolumnophyllum thailandicum Fontaine, 1994. Son area, N. Viet Nam). Permian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 759

•

Khmerophyllum Fontaine, 1961 from Phnom Sway (Sisophon area, (Fontaine, 1961, p. 147–148, pl. XII (1a–c)).

•

Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: sample UPVI S/G 1 of J. Gubler Caninia mapingense Lee et Yü var. laosensis Fontaine, 1961 from

Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 81–83, pl. III & XII). See below Nhommarat (Laos). Sakmarian (Lower Permian). Holotype: sam-

Khmerophyllum cambodgense Fontaine, 1961. ple GSHCMC F581 of E. Saurin Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 147,

•

Laophyllum Fontaine, 1961. Génotype: Chonaxis pongouaensis pl. XXXI (3&4)).

•

Mansuy, 1912 from Pong-Oua (Luang-Prabang area, Laos). Per- Caninophyllum indosinense Fontaine, 1994 from NE Thailand.

mian. Holotype: MPEMP/UL sample of H. Mansuy Collection Carboniferous. Holotype: sample T2834 from Huai Nam Suai

(Fontaine, 1961, p. 195–196, pl. IX, ﬁg. 3, XXXIII, ﬁg. 6). (Loei province,), paratype: samples 4561 and 4563 from Ban

Na Charoen area, H. Fontaine Collection. (Fontaine et al., 1994b,

p. 40–41, pl. 1 (4)). For holotype, see Fontaine et al., 1991, p. 42–43,

Note: Chonaxis pongouaensis Mansuy, 1912 was renamed Lao-

pl. 21 (4,5), pl. 23 (4) and pl. 24 (1–5).

phyllum pongouaense Mansuy, 1912.

• Note: Caninophyllum indosinense is a new speciﬁc name for

Mansuyphyllum Fontaine, 1961. Generotype: Cyathophyllum ana-

Caninophyllum domheri forma b Formichev, 1953 because this

miticum Mansuy, 1913 from Mui Ron area (Central Viet Nam).

species is common in Indochina (Fontaine et al., 1994b, p. 40).

Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 861 (Fontaine, 1961,

p. 100–102, pl. XVII, ﬁg. 1a–e, 2).

•

Caninophyllum laosense Fontaine, 1961 from Ban Phit (Thakhek,

Laos). Visean. Syntype: samples GSHCMC 590 & 591 of H. Fontaine

Note: Cyathophyllum annamiticum Mansuy, 1913 was renamed

Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 150–151, pl. XXIX (3), pl. XXX (10,

Mansuyphyllum annamiticum Mansuy, 1913. 11)).

•

Chihsiaphyllum vacuum Fontaine, 1994 from Ban Nam Suai Tha

•

Multimurinus Fontaine, 1961, Subgenus from Phnom Sway

Sawan (NE Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample SM T3842 of

(Sisophon area, Cambodia). Permian. Generotype: Polythecalis

H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 68, pl. 17 (4–6)).

khmerianus Fontaine, 1961. Sample GSHCMC 6155 (Fontaine, •

Chombungia ratburina Fontaine, 1995 from Chom Bung area

1967, p. 51–54, pl. I).

(N. Thailand). Permian, Murghabian - Midian. Holotype: sam-

ple SM T4273 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine and Jungyusuk,

Note: see above Battambangina. 1995, p. 23–26, pl. I (1–5), pl. II (1)).

T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190 187

• •

Crassiparietiphyllum sattayaraki Fontaine, 1994 from a small hill Ipciphyllum irregulare Fontaine, 1961 see below Wentzelella irreg-

near Ban Nam Suai Tha Sawan (NE Thailand). Permian. Holotype: ularis Fontaine, 1961 and Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 70.

•

sample SM T3845 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, Ipciphyllum laosense Patte subsp. bulatense Fontaine, 1983 from

p. 81–82, pl. 19 (3–6), pl. 21 (1–2), pl. 24 (3–4)). Guguk Bulat (Padang area, Sumatra, Indonesia). Permian. Holo-

•

Crassiparietiphyllum tenue Fontaine, 1994 from Khao Khao along type: sample MNHB D5536. Paratype: sample IN229 H. Fontaine

the road from Saraburi to Lopburi (Central Thailand). Permian. Collection (Fontaine, 1983, p. 7, pl. 4 (1,2), pl. 8 (4) and pl. 9 (2)).

•

Syntype: samples T93 to T95 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine Ipciphyllum phadaengense Fontaine, 1992 from Khao Pha Daeng

et al., 1994a, p. 82, pl. 20 (1–4)). (Lam Narai-Phetchabun area, Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sam-

•

Cyathaxonia khmeriana Fontaine, 1961 from Phnom Tup ple T516 of H. Fontaine Collection (Chonglakmani and Fontaine,

(Sisophon area, Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: samples 1992, p. 81, pl. 4 (1, 4), pl. 5 (4)).

•

MPEMP/UL 702 & 706 (Fontaine, 1961, p. 74&75, pl. I (4–5), Ivanovia sigillata Fontaine, 1994 from Ban Na Charoen (NE Thai-

pl. II (1, 2a–c), pl. III (1a–d)). land). Carboniferous. Holotype: sample SM T4558 of H. Fontaine

•

Cylindrophyllum asiaticum Fontaine, 1961 from Ke Meo (N. Viet Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994b, p. 41, pl. 2 (1,2)).

•

Nam). Devonian. Holotype: sample MPEMP/UL F384 (Fontaine, Khmerophyllum cambodgense Fontaine, 1961 from Phnom Tup

1961, p. 98–99, pl. XIX (11, 12, 13)). (Sisophon area, Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: sample UPVI S/G1

•

Densicolumnophyllum thailandicum Fontaine, 1994 from Ban Na of J. Gubler Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 82–83, pl. III (4a–d), pl.

Din Dam (Loei Province, Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample IV (1a–c, 2a–b), pl. XII (2)).

•

T3268 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 60, pl. Kueichouphyllum banphitense Fontaine, 1961 from Ban Phit

6 (1–5), pl. 12 (3)). (Thakhek, Laos). Upper Visean. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 208

•

Diphyphyllum lemoinei Fontaine, 1961 from North Bao Lac (N. Viet of J. Fromaget Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 135, pl. VII (6), pl. VIII

Nam). Permian. Holotype: sample MPEMP/UL D19 of H. Mansuy (1).

•

Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 116–117, pl. XIII (5), pl. XX (9–10)). Kueichouphyllum laosense Fontaine, 1961 from Ban Phit (Thakhek,

•

Diphyphyllum vietnamicum Fontaine, 1961 from Muong Tan, Laos). Upper Visean. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 665 of J. Fro-

30 km SE Lai Chau (North Viet Nam). Carboniferous. Holotype: maget Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 135–136, pl. VII (4a–c)).

•

sample GSHCMC 5062 (Fontaine, 1961, p. 117–118, pl. X (8), pl. Lithostrotion pauciradiale Mac Coy var. laosensis Fontaine, 1961

XIX (1,2,3). from Ban Na Khieu (Mahaxay-Nhommarat area, Laos). Visean.

•

Diphyphyllum verticillatum Fontaine, 1961 from Thakhek area Holotype: sample GSHCMC F207, E. Saurin Collection (Fontaine,

(Laos). Carboniferous?. Syntype: samples GSHCMC 170 to 177 & 1961, p. 110–111, pl. XX (3,4)).

•

692 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 118–119, pl. XX Lophophyllidium siamense Fontaine, 1994 from Ko To Ngai,

(7, 8), pl. XXXII (9,10), pl. XXXV (11)). east of Trang (Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample T2290 of

•

Emmonsia yenlacensis Fontaine, 1954 from Yen Lac (N. Viet Nam). H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 53, pl. 1 (8), pl. 2

Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 4651 (Fontaine, 1954, (5)).

•

p. 57, pl. V (1,2)). Lophophyllidium vietnamense Fontaine, 1961 on the road from

•

Euryphyllum alloiteaui Fontaine, 1961 from Sisophon area (Cam- Lung Sai to Lung Luong (N. Viet Nam). Moscovian. Sample

bodia). Permian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 652 of H. Fontaine GSHCMC F393 (Fontaine, 1961, p. 78, pl. III (6,7), pl. IV (4), and

Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 66, pl. VIII (2a–c), pl. IX (1)). pl. XI (4)).

• •

Euryphyllum alloiteaui Fontaine var. minor Fontaine, 1961 from Lublinophyllum thailandicum Fontaine, 1982 from Ban Na Charoen

Sisophon area (Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: samples GSHCMC (Thailand). Carboniferous. Holotype: sample DMR 1080 (Fontaine

678 of H. Fontaine Collection and S/G 2129 of J. Gubler Collection et al., 1982, p. 52–56, pl. 1 (1–4), pl. 2 (1,5,6)).

•

(Fontaine, 1961, p. 67, pl. X (5)). Multimurinus bauryi from Phnom Sway near Sisophon in Cam-

•

Favosites mercieri Fontaine, 1954 from Van Lang (N. Viet Nam). bodia. See Multimurinus Fontaine, 1967 above and Polythecalis

Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHN 4545 (Fontaine, 1954, p. 32, bauryi Fontaine, 1961 below.

•

ﬁgs. 1 & 2). Multimurinus comensis Fontaine, 1967 from Nui Com (Ha

•

Favosites goldfussi d’Orbigny var. banhomensis Fontaine, 1954 Tien, S. Viet Nam). Permian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 6154

from Ban Hom (Van Yen area, N. Viet Nam). Devonian. Syntype: (Fontaine, 1967, p. 55–56, pl. I (3,4), pl. II (1–6), pl. III (1)).

•

samples GSHN 4640, 4641 and 4642 (Fontaine, 1954, p. 37–38, Multimurinus homanhtrungi Fontaine, 1969 from Nui Com (Ha

pl. III (6, 7)). Tien, S. Viet Nam). Permian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 6530

•

Favosites pencolei Fontaine, 1954 from Nui Con Voi (Yen Lac area, (Fontaine, 1969, p. 46, pl. II (1–5), pl. III (3–9)).

•

N. Viet Nam). Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHN 4858 (Fontaine, Multimurinus homanhtrungi var. crassicolumnis Fontaine, 1969

1954, p. 43, pl. IV (2, 3)). from Nui Com (Ha Tien, S. Viet Nam). Permian. Syntype: sam-

•

Favosites lemaitrei Fontaine, 1954 from Ban Hom (Van Yen area, ples GSHCMC 6533, 6534 and 6536 (Fontaine, 1969, p. 48, pl. II

N. Viet Nam). Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHN 4643 (Fontaine, (6–8), pl. III (1, 2)).

•

1954, p. 43–44, pl. I (9), pl. IV (1)). Multimurinus khmerianus Fontaine, 1961: See Multimurinus

•

Gephuropora lecomptei Fontaine, 1954 from Ban Hom (Van Yen Fontaine, 1961, Subgenus above, Polythecalis khmerianus

area, N. Viet Nam). Devonian. Syntype: samples GSHN 806, 4660 Fontaine, 1961 below (Fontaine, 1967, p. 54–55 and Fontaine

to 4664 (Fontaine, 1954, p. 51, pl. V (5, 6)). et al., 1994a, p. 85).

• •

Gephuropora pattei Fontaine, 1954 from Mi La Ti (Yunnan, China). Multimurinus makkaensis Fontaine, 1997 from Khao Makka

Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHN 93 (Fontaine, 1954, p. 46–47, (E. Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample DMR T5046 of

ﬁg. 4, pl. V (10)). H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1997, p. 122, pl. 2 (1,2),

•

Gephuropora polymorphoides Fontaine, 1954 from Van Yen area pl. 3 (1,3)).

•

(N. Viet Nam). Devonian. Syntype: samples GSHN 809 & 4542 Multimurinus suteethorni Fontaine, 1994 from Khao Wong Chan

(Fontaine, 1954, p. 47–48, pl. IV (6, 7)). Daeng (Central Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample SM T3701

•

Gephuropora saurini Fontaine, 1954 from Ma Pi Leun (Yen Minh of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 87, pl. 22 (1,2)).

•

area, N. Viet Nam). Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHN 4521 Multithecopora potisati Fontaine, 2009 from Ban Nam Hu Pha

(Fontaine, 1954, p. 48–49, pl. V (7,8)). Suea (Pang Mapha area, NW Thailand). Carboniferous. Holotype:

188 T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190

•

sample T9279 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 2009, Pseudohuangia thailandica Fontaine, 1994 from Khao Luk Rang

p. 67–68, pl. 8 (H1, H2)). (Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample SM T3787 of H. Fontaine

•

Paraipciphyllum kulvanichi Fontaine, 1988 from Khao Tham Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 67, pl. 9 (1–5), pl. 10 (1)).

•

Sua (Phetburi area, Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample T904 Scoliopora ronensis Fontaine, 1958 from Qui Dat area (N. Viet

of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine and Suteethorn, 1988a, Nam). Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHN 4536 (Fontaine, 1954,

p. 118–119, pl. 13 (1,2)). p. 59, pl. VIII (6, 7, 8)).

• •

Paraipciphyllum magniﬁcum Fontaine, 1994 from Khao Chak Chan Sestrophyllum carinatum Fontaine, 1991 from Huai Nam Suai

(Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample T3726 of H. Fontaine Col- (Loei area, Thailand). Carboniferous. Holotype: sample T3318 of

lection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 77, pl. 10 (2, 3), pl. 15 (5)). H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1991, p. 39–40, pl. 5 (4,5),

•

Paraipciphyllum thailandicum Fontaine, 1988 from pl. 7 (3,4), pl. 8 (4), pl. 15 (2,3)).

•

Prachuabkhirikhan area (W. Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sam- Siphonodendron chonglomense Fontaine, 1991 from Khao Chong

ple T2192 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine and Suteethorn, Lom (Noen Maprang area, Thailand). Carboniferous. Holotype:

1988a, p. 118, pl. 10 (3,4), pl. 11 (2), pl. 12 (1,2), pl. 15 (1–4)). sample T3092 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1991,

•

Parawentzelella canalifera Mansuy var. sisophonensis Fontaine, p. 48–49, pl. 20 (1–5), pl. 21 (6), pl. 23 (5,6)).

•

1961 from Sisophon area (Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: sample Solipetra vietnamica Fontaine, 1961 from a locality between Quan

GSHCMC 709 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 190, pl. Ba and Yen Minh (N. Viet Nam). Devonian. Syntype: samples

XXV (2,4), pl. XXVI (2–6)). GSHCMC 5183 & 5192 (Fontaine, 1961, p. 160, pl. XXIX (1, 2)).

• •

Parawentzelella gubleri Fontaine, 1961 from Cambodia. Permian. Syringopora serenei Fontaine, 1955 from Laos. Carboniferous. Syn-

Holotype: sample GSHCMC F194 of J. Gubler Collection (Fontaine, type: samples GSHCMC 4674 from Pa Hia and 4675 from Ban Na

1961, p. 191–192, pl. XXVIII (4), pl. XXXI (9), pl. XXXIV (7)). Khieu (Fontaine, 1955, p. 71, pl. II (2)).

• •

Parawentzelella regularis Fontaine, 1961 from Sisophon area Thamnopora polygonalis Mansuy var. minor Fontaine, 1954 from

(Cambodia). Upper Permian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC F189, Ne Su Pe (Yunnan, China). Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHN 78

190, 191 and 192 of F. Bonelli Collection (Fontaine, 1961, (Fontaine, 1954, p. 54, pl. VI (6–8)).

•

p. 192–193, pl. XXVIII (9), pl. XXX (8), pl. XXXI (8)). Thamnopora vinhi Fontaine, 1954 from Yen Lac area (N. Viet

•

Pavastehphyllum (Sakamotosawanella) meesooki Fontaine, 1988 Nam). Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHN 4650 (Fontaine, 1954,

from Khao Khan Ban Dai (Prachuabkhirikhan area, Thailand). Per- p. 52–53, pl. VIII (1,3)).

•

mian. Holotype: sample T2038 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine Waagenophyllum teratoïdeum Fontaine, 1961 Sisophon area

et al., 1988b, p. 116–117, pl. 11 (5), pl. 13 (4)). (Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: sample SPU 220 of J. Gubler

•

Peripaedium poshiense Fontaine, 1966 from Po-Shi (Yunnan, Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 169–170, pl. XXIX (7), pl.

China). Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 44 (Fontaine, 1966, XXXIV (1–3)).

•

p. 55–56, pl. I (5), pl. V (6,7)). Waagenophyllum yini Fontaine, 1988 from Bukit Kepayang

•

Petalaxis siamensis Fontaine, 1994 from Nam Thao Reservoir (Pahang State, Malaysia). Permian. Holotype: sample GSM M16

(Thailand). Carboniferous. Syntype: samples SM T4650 & 4651 (Fontaine et al., 1988b p. 66 & 75, ﬁg. 2 ((1–7), ﬁg. 4 (1)).

•

of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994b p. 41, pl. 1 (1–3)). Wentzelella irregularis Fontaine, 1961 from Nui Xa Ngach near de

•

Phaphungia biseptata Fontaine, 1994 from Pha Phung west of Ba Hon (Ha Tien, S. Viet Nam). Permian. Syntype: sample GSHCMC

Chumphae (NE Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample SM T4184 714 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 177–178, pl. XXII

of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 76, pl. 29 (1–3)). (4–7), pl. XXIII (1)).

• •

Plasmophyllum fongi Yoh var. major Fontaine, 1966 from Si- Wentzelella laosensis Patte var. minor Fontaine, 1961 from Pong-

Eul (Yunnan, China). Devonian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 65 Oua (Laos). Permian. Holotype: sample MGEMP/UL 7B (Fontaine,

(Fontaine, 1966, p. 77–78, pl. XV (4, 5), pl. XVI (3)). 1961, p. 177, pl. XXI (6,7)).

• •

Polythecalis bauryi Fontaine, 1961 from Phnom Sway (Sisophon Wentzelella szechuanensis Huang var. regularis Fontaine, 1961

area, Cambodia). Permain. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 273 of from Phnom Takream (Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: sample

H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 181–182, pl. XXIII (6), S/G 29 of J. Gubler Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 178–179, pl. XXII

pl. XXIV (7)). (1–3), pl. XXIV (6), pl. XXV (5, 6)).

• •

Polythecalis khmerianus Fontaine, 1961 from Phnom Sway Wentzelella megastomata Fontaine, 1979 from Ko Ma Island (Thai-

(Sisophon area, Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC land). Permian. Holotype: sample DMR T1377 of H. Fontaine

369 of H. Fontaine Collection (= sample 6155) (Fontaine, 1961, Collection (Fontaine et al., 1979b, p. 17–18, ﬁg. 1–3).

•

p. 182, pl. XXIV (4, 5, 8), pl. XXVI (1, 8)). This species was attributed Wentzelloides (Battambangina) sumatrensis Fontaine, 1989 from

to Multimurinus khmerianus after the erection of Multimurinus n. Guluk Bulat (Sumatra, Indonesia). Permian. Holotype: IN 621 of

subgen Fontaine, 1967 (see above). H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1989, p. 160–161, pl. 40 (1,

•

Polythecalis khmerianus var. biformis Fontaine, 1961 from Phnom 2)). See above Battambangina.

•

Takream (Battambang area, Cambodia). Permian. Holotype: sam- “Wentzelophyllum” thailandicum Fontaine, 1994 from Khao Tham

ple GSHCMC 705 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 183, Phu Lamyai (Central Thailand). Permian. Holotype: sample SM

pl. XXIII (2, 5, 10), pl. XXIV (1,3,5,9)). This variety was attributed to T3778 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine et al., 1994a, p. 87, pl.

Battambangina biformis Fontaine, 1961 after the erection of Bat- 24 (1, 2)).

•

tambangina subgen. See above this subgenus and Fontaine, 1967, Xystriphyllum laosense Fontaine, 1961 from Ban Vang (W. Vien-

p. 56–57. tiane, Laos). Middle Devonian. Syntype: samples GSHCMC 5070

•

Polythecalis khmerianus var. regularis Fontaine, 1961 from Phnom & 5071 (Fontaine, 1961 p. 158–159, pl. XVIII (2a–b, 3a–b)).

•

An Cheang (Sisophon area, Cambodia). Kazanian (Permian). Holo- Yatsengia sisophonensis Fontaine, 1961 from Sisophon (Cam-

type: sample GSHCMC 21 of H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine, bodia). Upper Permian. Holotype: sample GSHCMC 674 of

1961, p. 183, pl. XXIII (2, 3, 9), pl. XXIV (2), pl. XXVII (7,8)). This H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 141, pl. VI (5), pl. VIII

variety became Multimurinus regularis after the erection of Mul- (3,4), pl. IX (4)).

•

timurinus subgen. Fontaine, 1967 (see above). Yatsengia aberrans Fontaine, 1961 from Nui Xà Ngach (S. Viet

•

Pseudamplexus yenlacensis Fontaine, 1961 from Yen Lac (N. Viet Nam). Kungurian (Permian). Holotype: sample GSHCMC 694 of

Nam). Devonian. Holotype: sample MPEMP/UL 5098 (Fontaine, H. Fontaine Collection (Fontaine, 1961, p. 142–143, pl. XXXII

1961, p. 92–93, pl. XI (2, 3)). (3–5), pl. XXXIII (3,4)).

T.T. Hoang / Annales de Paléontologie 105 (2019) 173–190 189

Taxa dedicated to Henri Fontaine Fontaine, H., 1961. Les Madréporaires paléozoïques du Viet Nam, du Laos et du

Cambodge. Archives Géologiques du Viet Nam 5, 1–276.

• Fontaine, H., 1966. Quelques madréporaires dévoniens du Musée du Service

Bosniella fontainei Bassoulet, 1994. Foraminifera from Thailand. Géologique de Saigon. Archives Géologiques du Viet Nam 9, 51–95.

Fontaine, H., 1967. Quelques madréporaires Permiens du Viet Nam et du Cambodge.

Middle Jurassic (Bassoulet, 1994, 403–411).

• Archives Géologiques du Viet Nam 10, 51–58.

Genus Fontaineopora has been mentioned for Permian corals of

Fontaine, H., 1969. Note sur quelques Tétracoralliaires du Permien supérieur de Nui

Afghanistan in several publications (Lapparent et al., 1966 (p. Com (région de Ha Tien, Sud Viet Nam). Archives Géologiques du Viet Nam 12,

805); Oekentorp and Kaever, 1970; Lys and Lapparent, 1971 43–48.

Fontaine, H., 1977a. Les Missions Etrangères et la géologie du Viet Nam: 125ème

(p. 85); Sando and Sangree, 1990; Sando, 1994). It corresponds

anniversaire. Echos de la Rue du Bac 109, 210–212.

to corals (Tabulata) commonly assigned to Sinopora. The name

Fontaine, H., 1977b. Découverte du Genre Iowaphyllum (Tétracoralliaire) dans un

Fontaineopora had been suggested by J. Lafuste (ref. unmen- biostrome éodévonien du Cotentin, France. Geobios 10 (3), 471–477.

Fontaine, H., Semenoff-Tian-Chansky, P., 1977. Aperc¸ u sur les coraux du Carbonifère

tioned) without holotype and detailed description. According to

de l’Hazarajat et des autres régions d’Afghanistan. Compte-rendu sommaire des

H. Fontaine (1995), Fontaineopora is actually a nomen nudum and

Séances de la Société Géologique de France 4., pp. 235–237.

has to be abandoned. Fontaine, H., 1978. Note on the Jurassic in the Philippines. CCOP Newsletter 5 (3),

• 9–11.

Goniomya fontainei Hayami, 1964. Mollusc from Viet Nam. Juras-

Fontaine, H., 1979. Note on the geology of Calamian Islands, north Palawan, Philip-

sic (Hayami, 1964, 163–174).

pines. CCOP Newsletter 6 (2), 40–47.

•

Litharaeopsis fontainei Beauvais, 1988. Coral from Klo Tho Cave Fontaine, H., Beauvais, L., Poumot, C., Vachard, D., 1979a. Données nouvelles sur le

Mésozoique de l’Ouest des Philippines, Découverte de Rhétien marin. Compte-

(Ban Phu Kloe Khi, Myanmar). Jurassic (Fontaine et al., 1988b,

rendu sommaire des Séances de la Société Géologique de France 3, 117–121.

p. 173, pl. 38 & 39).

• Fontaine, H., Songsirikul, B., Tansuwan, V., 1979b. A massive colony of Waageno-

Malayspirina fontainei Vachard, 1988. Foraminifera from phyllid from southern Peninsular Thailand. CCOP Newsletter 6 (3), 14–18.

Fontaine, H., Vachard, D., 1979. Note on the Carboniferous of the Republic of Korea.

Malaysia. Triassic (Fontaine et al., 1988c, 145–162).

• CCOP Newsletter 6 (4), 17–24.

Pholadomya (Bucardiomya) fontainei Hayami, 1972. Bivalves

Fontaine, H., Mainguy, M., 1981. Pre-Tertiary hydrocarbon potential of the South

from Saigon area (S. Viet Nam). Lower Jurassic (Hayami, 1972, China Sea. Energy 6, 1165–1177.

179–230). Fontaine, H., Poumot, C., 1980. The Cretaceous of South Korea: New data from

• palaeontology and geochemistry. CCOP Newsletter 7 (4), 16–20.

Plectogyrina fontainei Saurin, 1964. Foraminifera from Tan-Lam

Fontaine, H., Vachard, D., 1981. A note on the discovery of Lower Caboniferous

(Quang Tri province, Central Viet Nam). Carboniferous. Sample

(Middle Visean) in Central Sumatra. CCOP Newsletter 8 (1), 14–18.

collected by H. Fontaine (Saurin, 1964, p. 57–58, pl. V (5, 6, 9). Fontaine, H., Poumot, C., Songsirikul, B., 1981. New Upper Palaeozoic formations

• of Northeast Thailand in Devonian and Lower Carboniferous. CCOP Newsletter

Protopodocarpoxylon fontainei Serra, 1966. Fossil woods from

8(4), 1-7 and CCOP Technical Publications 20, 289–296.

Phnom Ker (Cambodia). Cretaceous. Sample 238 collected by

Fontaine, H., 1982. Edmond Saurin (1904–1977). Asian Perspective 23 (1), 1–8.

H. Fontaine (or sample MHNP 1598 of Boureau Collection) (Serra, Fontaine, H., Ingavat, R., Vachard, D., 1982. Carboniferous from Northeast Thailand.

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 15, 47–56.

1966, p. 86–93, pl. IX & X).

• Fontaine, H., Mainguy, M., 1982. Don’t forget Asia older rocks. Petroleum News 12

Trigonia (Trigonia) fontainei Meesook, 1994. Bivalves from Thai-

(11), 8–10.

land. Jurassic (Toarcian) (Meesook, 1994, p. 98–100, pl. 6(8a–14)). Fontaine, H., 1983. Some Permian corals from the Highland of Padang, Sumatra,

• Indonesia. Publication of the Geological Research and Development Centre.

Wentzelloides fontainei Kato & Ezaki, 1986. Corals from Kampong

Palaeontology Series 4, 1–31.

Awah quarry (Pahang, Malaysia). Permian. Holotype: UHR 30663,

Fontaine, H., David, P., Nguyen, D.T., 1983. A note on the northwest Panay–Tablas

collected by M. Kato (Kato M. and Ezaki Y. 1986, p. 654–660, pl. 1 area, Philippines. CCOP Newsletter 10 (1–2), 8–13.

Fontaine, H., Mainguy, M., 1985. Pre-Tertiary oil and gas potential in the South China

(3a–b)). The same name should have been erected by Wu Wang

Sea. Energy 10 (3–4), 403–412.

Shi et al., 1982, but her paper could not be found. It is renamed

Fontaine, H., 1986. Discovery of Lower Permian corals in Sumatra. Bulletin of the

Multimurinus fontainei Kato & Ezaki, 1986 by Fontaine et al., 1994a Geological Society of Malaysia 19, 183–191.

(p. 85). Fontaine, H., Nguyen, D.T., Vachard, D., Vozenin-Serra, C., 1986. The Permian of

• Southeast Asia. CCOP Technical Bulletin 18, 1–171.

Wentzelloides fontainei minor Wu & Zhao, 1982. Corals from Tibet.

Fontaine, H., 1987. The Three Gorges (China): more than 800 million years of geo-

Permian (Wu et al., 1982 in Flügel 1997, p. 101–104).

logical history. CCOP Newsletter 12 (2), 34–36.

Fontaine, H., Suteethorn, V., 1988a. Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossils of West

Thailand and their environments. CCOP Technical Bulletin 20, 1–217.

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lar Malaysia: associated microfossils, palaeogeographic signiﬁcance. Journal S-E

Balce, G.R., 1990. Foreword. In: Fontaine, H. (Ed.), Ten years of CCOP on the Pre- Asian Earth Sciences 2 (2), 65–78.

Tertiary of East Asia. CCOP Technical Secretariat, Technical Publications 20, pp. Fontaine, H., Khoo, H.P., Vachard, D., 1988c. Discovery of Triassic fossils at Bukit

1–375. Chuping, in Gunung Sinyum area, and at Kota Jin, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal

Bassoulet, J.P., 1994. Bosniella fontainei n. sp. (Foraminifère, Biokovinidae du Juras- S-E Asia Earth Sciences 2 (3–4), 145–162.

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CCOP, 1978. Proceedings for the 15 session of the Committee for CO-Ordination Rollande, M.C., Brata, K., Maurin, A.F., Metcalfe, I., Nguyen, D.T., Vachard, D.,

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Singapore (337 p.). ments. CCOP Technical Publications 19, 1–356.

CCOP, 2000. Proceedings of the 36 CCOP annual session (Part I) 26-29 Oct. 1999 , Fontaine, H., 1990a. Ten years of CCOP research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia.

Ha Noi, 6 annexes (139 p.). CCOP Technical Secretariat, Bangkok (375 p.).

CCOP, 2016. 50 Year Anniversary of CCOP, Bangkok (112 p.). Fontaine, H., 1990b. Some Devonian corals and Stromatoporoids from northeast

Chevallier, J.P., 1970. James Alloiteau. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France Thailand. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe B 73, 57–79.

(7) 12 (2), 161–168. Fontaine, H., Suteethorn, V., Jongkanjanasoontorn, Y., 1991. Carboniferous corals of

Chaodumrong, P., Burrett, C., 1997. Early Late Triassic continental colliding between Thailand. CCOP Technical Bulletin 22, 1–82.

Shan-Thai and Indochina terranes as indicated by occurrence of fan delta red Fontaine, H., Lee, K.W., Baudin, F., Beauvais, L., 1993. A Triassic limestone (“Pandan

beds of Pha Daeng Formation central north Thailand , International Conference Limestone”) discovered by drilling at Singapore. CCOP Newsletter 18 (3), 9–19.

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pp. 143–176. Technical Bulletin 24, 1–175.

Chonglakmani, C., Fontaine, H., 1992. Tha Lam Narai–Phetchabun Region: a platform Fontaine, H., Suteethorn, V., Vachard, D., 1994b. The Carboniferous corals of South-

of Early Carboniferous to Late Permian age. Proceed , Technical Conference on east Asia with new discoveries in Laos and Thailand. IGCP Project 306 ,

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Yunnan. Archives Géologiques du Viet Nam 3, 65–81. Fontaine, H., Jungyusuk, N., 1995. Permian corals from Chom Bung area west of

Fontaine, H., Mercier, J., 1955. Résultats d’une révision des Tabulés et des Héliolitidés Bangkok: their paleogeographic signiﬁcance. CCOP Newsletter 20 (3–4), 23–26.

du Dévonien de l’Indochine et du Yunnan. Compte-rendu Sommaire Séances de Fontaine, H., Salyapongse, S., 1997. Biostratigraphy of east Thailand. In: Dheeradilok,

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Thailand: Biostratigraphy corals discussion about the division of the Permian , land. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand (244 p.).

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(lower Middle Permian) limestone of southern Laos , Proceedings of the Interna- To, V.T., Tran, V.T., Mai, T.T., Nguyen, V., Le, T.X., 1986. Dia chat Campuchia-Lao-

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ciated fossils. CCOP News Letter 26 (3–4), 14–19. Phan, C.T., Le, D.A., Le, D.B., Dao, D.B., Bosaykham, V., Bountheung, P., Trinh, D.,

Fontaine, H., 2008. Les Missionnaires et les sciences de la terre (Missionaries and Nguyen, D.D., Ha, T.D., Tran, Q.H., Vu Khuc, Sauv, C.K., Pham, D.L., Mak, N.L.,

Earth Sciences). In: Launay, M., Moussay, G. (Eds.), Les Missions Etrangères-Trois Nguyen, Q.M., Pham, K.N., Nguyen, N., Nokeo, R., Nguyen, K.Q., Nguyen, V.Q.,

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