DOCSLIB.ORG

Disturbance to Mangroves in Tropical-Arid Western Australia: Hypersalinity and Restricted Tidal Exchange As Factors Leading to Mortality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Disturbance to Mangroves in Tropical-Arid Western Australia: Hypersalinity and Restricted Tidal Exchange As Factors Leading to Mortality IJ.. DISTURBANCE TO MANGROVES IN TROPICAL-ARID WESTERN AUSTRALIA: HYPERSALINITY AND RESTRICTED TIDAL EXCHANGE AS FACTORS LEADING TO MORTALITY Environmental Protection Authority Perth, Western Australia Technical Series. No 12 June 1987 052457 DISTURBANCE TO MANGROVES IN TROPICAL -ARID WESTERN AUSTRALIA : HYPERSALINI1Y AND RESTRICTED TIDAL EXCHANGE AS FACTORS LEADING TO MORTALI1Y David M Gordon Centre for Water Research and Botany Department University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia Environmental Protection Authority Perth, Western Australia Technical Series. No 12 June 1987 i. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank C Nicholson of the Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia, for introducing me to the environmental problems of mangroves in this region during preliminary work for this study. R Nunn and D Houghton of Woodside Offshore Petroleum Pty Ltd provided access to the King Bay supply base and low-level aerial photographs of their dredge-spoil area. N Sammy and K Gillen provided access to and information on mangroves within the salt evaporator of Dampier Salt Pty Ltd. D Button of Robe River Iron Associates provided information on mangroves at their Cape Lambert site. R Glass and I L Gordon assisted with collection of soils and I Fetwadjieff with their analysis. The project was funded by Marine Impacts Branch of the Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia, which provided use of a field station and support, and was carried out during tenure of a research fellowship in the Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia. i CONTENTS Page i. ACICN'OWLEDGEl\IBNTS ...... ... .. ....... ....... .. .. ....... .. ... ......... .. ......... .... ......... ... .. ii. SUMMARY V 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. MATERIALS AND l\IBTHODS .................. ............... ..................... .. ...... .... .. .. .. 2 2.1 WCATION OF STIJDY .... ........................... ... ... .. ... .......... ... .................... ... ..... 2 2.2 AREAS OF MANGAL .............. .... ..... .. ........ .. ...... ... .. ............ .................. ........... 2 2.3 TIDAL EXCHANGE ...................... ............................................. .... ................... 3 2.4 GROUNDWAIBR SAMPLING .. .. .. ..... .. ... .. .... ..... ... .. ... ................. ....... .... .... .. ..... 3 2.5 SOIL PROPERTIES .... .......................... .. .. ........ .... .... .... ... ............................ ..... 5 3. RESULTS .................... ........... .. ....... ........... .. .......... ........ ............ .. .................. 5 3.1 EXIENTOFMANGALS ................... .. ... .......................................... ........... ... ... 5 3.2 SOURCES OF DISTURBANCE TO MANGALS ........ ........................................ 5 3 .2.1 WITIINELL BAY . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 6 3.2.2 KING BAY CAUSEWAY . .. .. .. ... .. ........ .... .. .. .. .. ... .... ... .. ... .. ... .... .... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .... 6 3.2.3 SOU11-I-WEST KING BAY ....................................................... .. ............ ... ...... .. 7 3.2.4 KING BAY "SPOIL AREA 4" .. ...................................... ... ........ .......................... 9 3.2.5 LEVEE 24, DAMPIER SALT P1Y. LTD. 9 3.2.6 NICKOL BAY, KARRATHA TOWNSITE 9 3.2. 7 SAM'S CREEK . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 3 .2 .8 POPE'S NOSE CREEK . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 3.2.9 JOHN'S CREEK . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 3.2.10 COSSACK CAUSEWAY ... ................ .. .................... ......................... .... ...... .. ...... 10 3.2.11 COSSACK TOWNSITE . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 3.2.12 WICKHAM SEWAGE POND .. ............ .................... .. ..... ...................... .... ... .... ... 11 3.3 TIDAL EXCHANGE . .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 3.3.1 FREQUENCY AND MAGNITUDE OF TIDAL RECHARGE .. ........ .. ..... ...... 11 3.4 SALINfIY ... .... ... ... ........................... .. .............. ......... .............. .. ..... ... ........ .. ..... 14 3.4.1 SPATIAL VARIATION .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 14 iii CONTENTS (contd) 3 .4.2 TEMPORAL VARIATION .. .... ...... ... .. ........................ ... .......... ...... ..................... 16 3.4.3 EFFECT OF VARIABLE TIDAL RECHARGE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND THE WATER TABLE .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 18 3.4.3.1 S a linity .............................. .. ............................................................. ...... .. .... 21 3.4.3.2 Chloride ...... .. ..................... ....... ......... ........... .. .... .. .... ...................... .. .. .. ......... 21 3.4.3.3 Soil Moisture and the Water Table . .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. 22 3 .5 EFFECT OF DISTURBANCE TO TIDAL EXCHANGE ... .. 22 3.5.1 WATER RE1ENTION . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 22 3 .5.2 ALTERED SOIL PROPERTIES .. .... ...... .. ....... .... .. .. .. ..... ........ ..... ... .... .. ... .. .. ..... 25 4. DISCUSSION . 28 4 .1 TIDAL RECHARGE AND SALINI'IY..... .... .. .. .. .. 28 4.2 SOIL PROPERTIES. .. ..................... ......... ..... .................. ........... .................. ...... 30 4.3 DISTIJRBANCE AND STRESS.. .. .. .... .. ... ........ ................ ........ ........................... 30 4.3.1 EFFECTS OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION ON TIDAL EXCHANGE......... ........ ...... 31 5. CONCLUSIONS . .. .. .. ......... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ....... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... ..... .. .... ... 33 6. REFERENCES . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 iv ii. SUMMARY 1. Sources and extent of disturbances to mangroves are described for the arid Dampier­ Cossack region of the Pilbara,Westem Australia. 2 2. Over 16% of the 70km ofmangals occurring from Cape Preston to Cape Lambert are now dead. Avicennia marina makes up 87% of living mangroves in the region. 3. Greatest mortality of mangroves has occurred from permanent ponding of seawater during construction of brine ponds for a salt evaporator close to Dampier. 4. Other sites with mangroves suffering widespread mortality are landward-located, in hypersaline soils and with disturbance to natural tidal exchange. 5. Disturbances to mangroves are related to urban and industrial development and include examples of altered tidal exchange, removal of mangroves, dumping of dredge spoil and bunding. 6. Comparisons of tidal exchange and soil properties on each side of a road truncating a mangal implicate two factors in decline and death of the mangroves landward of the road, and these have their greatest impact at dilTerent times of the year. • Reduced frequency and duration of seawater recharge, around the time of the winter solstice, which increases salinity. • Retention of seawater, around the time of the equinoxes, which extends the duration of inundation and submergence of breathing roots from hours to days. 7. Living mangroves in this region are typically associated with groundwater salinities below 90 0 /00 . 8. Changes in soil properties measured over a tide cycle reveal that during the absence of seawater recharge soil salinity increases to very high values at the surface but rapidly re-establishes lower values with the return of tidal wetting. Further down the soil profile salinity and moisture remain relatively stable irrespective of tidal wetting or drying. Changes in chloride mirror those of salinity over the tide cycle and constitute about 70% of IDS. 9. The water table is shallow, being at the surface during inundation and within 10 cm of the surface between inundations during the wetting phase of the tide. In the absence 1 of recharge this falls an average 7 cm d- . 10. Groundwater salinity is diluted for short intervals (hours) during tidal inundation in shallow bioturbated soils but rapidly re-establishes higher salt concentrations following inundation. 11. Salinity of groundwater under salt flats landward of the main vegetation zone is hypersaline, spatially-variable and temporally-stable; changes in salinity between successive tidal wettings are small and are apparently not strongly influenced by inundating seawater. 12. There were differences in soil properties on each side of a road restricting tidal exchange. Over the same tide cycle salinity was elevated by an average 26 O/00, up to a maximum 41 0 /00, at the depths of the cable roots under the remaining living trees in the tidally-restricted mangal, compared with healthy trees in the adjacent unrestricted site. Soils in the tidally-restricted mangal also displayed a lower silt and higher clay fraction. V 13. Soil properties were measured at the extreme seaward and landward margins of the dead zone of mangroves in the tidally-restricted mangal and compared with those separated by the road in the adjacent, healthy tidally-unrestricted mangal. This suggests that soil salinity has been increased by about 20 0 /00 under the remaining living trees close to the road and by about 50 O/00 at the extreme landward limit of the original, but now-dead, mangroves. 14. Differences in soil properties on each side of the road at Cossack over a tide cycle suggests that tidal restriction introduced by this disturbance has had most impact on the trees through its role in increasing the salt content of the water supply rather than reducing the amount of water available externally to the roots. 15. Priority should be given to minimising changes to the natural exchange of seawater
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Impacts of Climate Change on Australian Marine Life Part C
    Impacts of Climate Change on Australian Marine Life Part C: Literature Review Editors: Alistair J. Hobday, Thomas A. Okey, Elvira S. Poloczanska, Thomas J. Kunz, Anthony J. Richardson CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research report to the Australian Greenhouse Office , Department of the Environment and Heritage September 2006 Published by the Australian Greenhouse Office, in the Department of the Environment and Heritage ISBN: 978-1-921297-07-6 © Commonwealth of Australia 2006 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth, available from the Department of the Environment and Heritage. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Assistant Secretary Land Management and Science Branch Department of the Environment and Heritage GPO Box 787 CANBERRA ACT 2601 This report is in 3 parts: Part A. Executive Summary Part B. Technical Report Part C. Literature Review Please cite this report section as: Hobday, A.J., Okey, T.A., Poloczanska, E.S., Kunz, T.J. & Richardson, A.J. (eds) 2006. Impacts of climate change on Australian marine life: Part C. Literature Review. Report to the Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia. September 2006. Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment and Heritage. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Mangrove and Saltmarsh Stralian Mangrove and Saltmarsh
    AuAuAustralianAu stralian Mangrove and Saltmarsh Network Conference WorkWorkinging with Mangrove and Saltmarsh for Sustainable Outcomes 232323-23 ---2525 February 2015 University of Wollongong CONTENTS Welcome ................................................................ 3 About AMSN ......................................................... 3 Opening presentation ........................................4 Conference host: Keynote presentation ........................................4 Venue ...................................................................... 5 Transport ............................................................... 5 Parking ................................................................... 5 Maps ........................................................................ 6 Program ................................................................. 8 Field trip program ............................................ 10 Conference sponsor: Poster session ................................................... 10 Oral abstracts .................................................... 11 Poster abstracts ............................................... 33 Image cover page: Oblique aerial image of Minnamurra River. Source: DLWC 2000 (http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/ estuaries/stats/MinnamurraRiver.htm) 1 WELCOME Welcome to the 1 st Australian Mangrove and Saltmarsh Network Conference. With a theme of Working with mangrove and saltmarsh for sustainable outcomes , this conference will bring together coastal wetland and estuarine researchers,
    [Show full text]
  • Ports Handbook Western Australia 2016 CONTENTS
    Department of Transport Ports Handbook Western Australia 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD FROM THE MINISTER 3 INTRODUCTION 4 Western Australian port authorities 2015/16 trade volumes 5 Western Australian port authorities 2015/16 marine boundaries and 6 State resources FREMANTLE PORT AUTHORITY 8 Port of Fremantle 8 KIMBERLEY PORTS AUTHORITY 12 Port of Broome 12 MID WEST PORTS AUTHORITY 15 Port of Geraldton 15 PILBARA PORTS AUTHORITY 18 Port of Dampier 19 Port of Port Hedland 21 Port of Ashburton 23 SOUTHERN PORTS AUTHORITY 24 Port of Albany 26 Port of Bunbury 27 Port of Esperance 28 OTHER PORTS 30 Port of Wyndham 32 CONTACTS 34 The Ports Handbook is updated annually, and is available on the Department of Transport website: www.transport.wa.gov.au Cover: Port of Port Hedland Harbour Port of Esperance 22 FOREWORD FROM THE MINISTER Western Australia’s ports are crucial to the The State Government continues to pursue State’s connection with global markets. initiatives to support Western Australia’s ports, This connection provides our State with including the implementation of the WA Ports limitless trade opportunities, and is built on Governance Review, which is progressing well. the State’s reputation as a safe and reliable The benefits from the first tranche of legislative trading partner. reforms are being realised, with new arrangements As one of the most isolated places in the world, that were introduced in 2014 having strengthened Western Australia relies heavily on shipping port governance, expanding port authority for imports and exports. Shipping remains the planning perspectives across their regions and most cost effective mode of transport, and is strengthening the involvement of the State’s ports especially important for our bulk exports to remain in the planning of future transport corridors.
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia
    RAP PUBLICATION 2006/07 MANGROVE GUIDEBOOK FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO. Authored by: Wim Giesen, Stephan Wulffraat, Max Zieren and Liesbeth Scholten ISBN: 974-7946-85-8 FAO and Wetlands International, 2006 Printed by: Dharmasarn Co., Ltd. First print: July 2007 For copies write to: Forest Resources Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] ii FOREWORDS Large extents of the coastlines of Southeast Asian countries were once covered by thick mangrove forests. In the past few decades, however, these mangrove forests have been largely degraded and destroyed during the process of development. The negative environmental and socio-economic impacts on mangrove ecosystems have led many government and non- government agencies, together with civil societies, to launch mangrove conservation and rehabilitation programmes, especially during the 1990s. In the course of such activities, programme staff have faced continual difficulties in identifying plant species growing in the field. Despite a wide availability of mangrove guidebooks in Southeast Asia, none of these sufficiently cover species that, though often associated with mangroves, are not confined to this habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Pilbara Freight Study
    OCR171902 PILBARA FREIGHT STUDY 0 Document control record Document prepared by: AureconAUSTRALIAN Australasia FLOATING Pty DECKS Ltd PTY LTD ABNPO BOX 54 8120,005 139 Fremantle 873 High Street LPO, FREMANTLE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6160 LevelACN: 165 5, 863 242 Hay 153 Street PerthABN: 86 WA 165 6000 212 153 AustraliaM: +61 (0)417 998573 T: +61 (0)8 93352486 E: [email protected] W: www.australianfloatingdecks.com.au Document control Report title OCR171902 Pilbara Freight Study Document code PFS01 Project number OCR171902 File path Client THE CITY OF KARRATHA Client contact Amanda Trengove Client reference OCR171902 Rev Date Revision details/status Author Reviewer Verifier Approver (if required) 3 02/02/18 DRAFT PTJ DH PTJ Current revision 1 Approval Author signature Approver signature Name PAUL TOUSSAINT-JACKSON Name DAVID HARROD Title DIRECTOR Title ASSOCIATE 1 1.0 Contents 2.0 List of figures ..................................................................................................................................... 6 3.0 List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................... 7 4.0 Definitions ......................................................................................................................................... 8 5.0 Executive summary ........................................................................................................................... 9 6.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cossack Precinct ______
    SHIRE OF ROEBOURNE LGHI PLACE RECORD FORM Place No. 9 Cossack Precinct _______________________________________________________________________ Police complex and Post and Telegraph Office, Cossack, 2009, courtesy National Trust of Australia (WA) LOCATION Name of Place Cossack Precinct Other Name (1) Tien Tsin; Port Walcott; Butcher's Inlet Location/Address Street Number Street Name Suburb/Town Cossack Other Locational descriptor (text) The whole of the land contained within the area bounded by Wickham Street, Dampier Street, Pearl Street, Ward Street, Pilot Street, Perseverance Street, Settlers Beach Road to the Cemetery at Lots 422 & 433, and the foreshore to the high water mark (including the Land Backed Wharf), and including Butchers Inlet from southern extent of Vampire Island to Perserverance Rocks. mE519294 mN 7712784 Longitude 117.1853 Latitude -20.6843 OWNERSHIP & LAND DESCRIPTION Item Owner Address Phone/fax Status No. 1. State of Western Australia 2. State of Western Australia (Lease to: the Shire of Roebourne) 3. State of Western Australia (Management Order to: the Shire of Roebourne) 4. Terry John Patterson 5. David Ballantine Fairgrieve 6. Helen Margaret Wilson 7. Helen Margaret Wilson & Constance Boyd Berryman as Executors 8. Trustees of the Northern Diocese 9. Shane Francis Donovan & Vikki Ann Bull 10. Geoffrey Peter Van Waardenberg 11. Kerry Edward Quealy SHIRE OF ROEBOURNE LOCAL GOVERNMENT HERITAGE INVENTORY 84 SHIRE OF ROEBOURNE LGHI PLACE RECORD FORM 12. Memorial Book. Owner deceased 13. David Ballantine Fairgrieve 14. William Dalgety Moore (Deceased) 15. Louis Peter Samson and Kerry-Lee Samson 16. Memorial Book. Owner deceased 17. Michelle Marie Otto Land Description Various Reserve No. Lot/Location No.
    [Show full text]
  • Annabella Australiensis Gen. & Sp. Nov. (Helotiales, Cordieritidaceae) From
    Mycological Progress (2019) 18:973–981 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01499-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Annabella australiensis gen. & sp. nov. (Helotiales, Cordieritidaceae) from South Australian mangroves Sally C. Fryar1 & Danny Haelewaters2,3 & David E. A. Catcheside1 Received: 3 March 2019 /Revised: 1 May 2019 /Accepted: 7 May 2019 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract A new genus of helotialean fungi, Annabella gen. nov. (Cordieritidaceae), is described to accommodate Annabella australiensis sp. nov. This species was collected on attached decaying wood of Avicennia marina, a common mangrove species found in protected waters of southern Australia. Annabella is distinctive among Cordieritidaceae in having relatively small perithecioid hyaline to yellowish apothecia and by the absence of an ionomidotic reaction. The apothecial shape and size of Annabella is most similar to Skyttea. The molecular phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of three ribosomal nuclear loci confirms the placement of Annabella within Cordieritidaceae, as a sister clade to Skyttea. Keywords Ascomycota . Australia . Marine fungi . New taxa . Taxonomy Introduction Cribb and Cribb (1955, 1956) in Queensland, Australia, that research on mangrove-inhabiting fungi gained momentum. In Mangroves are salt-tolerant evergreen forests distributed their worldwide checklist of fungi associated with mangroves, throughout tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate lati- Schmit and Shearer (2003) reported a total
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Lambert Port B Development
    Cape Lambert Port B Development ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING DOCUMENT 26 June 2008 Cape Lambert Port B Development ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING DOCUMENT 26 June 2008 Sinclair Knight Merz 7th Floor, Durack Centre 263 Adelaide Terrace PO Box H615 Perth WA 6001 Australia Tel: +61 8 9268 4400 Fax: +61 8 9268 4488 Web: www.skmconsulting.com LIMITATION: This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd’s Client, and is subject to and issued in connection with the provisions of the agreement between Sinclair Knight Merz and its Client. Sinclair Knight Merz accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party. The SKM logo is a trade mark of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd. © Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd, 2006 Cape Lambert Port B Development Environmental Scoping Document Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of Environmental Scoping Document 1 1.3 Identification of Proponent 2 1.4 Existing Facilities 3 1.5 Project Justification and local context 3 1.6 Early Works 4 2. Summary of Proposal 5 2.1 Proposal Outline 5 2.2 Approvals Strategy 5 2.3 Key Project Characteristics 5 2.4 Stockyard Management 6 2.5 Ore Delivery Systems 6 2.6 Wharf Works 6 2.7 Dredging Program 7 2.8 Services and Utilities 7 2.8.1 Support and Infrastructure Facilities 7 2.8.2 Water Supply 7 2.9 Alternatives Considered 8 3. Applicable Legislation 9 3.1 Western Australian Legislation 9 3.2 Commonwealth Legislation 9 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Diversity in the Hyper-Diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea Lawong Balun [email protected]
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2011 Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea Lawong Balun [email protected] Recommended Citation Balun, Lawong, "Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1166 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Lawong Balun entitled "Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Taylor Feild, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Edward Shilling, Joe Williams, Stan Wulschleger Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Functional Diversity in Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the National Sentinel Hive Program
    A Review of the National Sentinel Hive Program in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and the Northern Territory Pat Boland Biosecurity Australia June 2005 Acknowledgments This review would not have been possible without the assistance of a large number of people. Those who enthusiastically gave time and effort to help collect the information include officers of the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS), officers from State departments of agriculture, port authority staff, members and staff of the Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, and beekeepers. Appreciation is due to: Jeff Beard, Agriculture WA Matt Marinovich, beekeeper, Perth Sam Brewster, Bunbury David McMillan, MAF, NZ Bob Brunner, PCQ Ross Newman, QDPI, Qld John Curran, AQIS Broome Bob Perkins, beekeeper, Sydney Neville Cutts, Richmond Tony Postle, AQIS, Broome Laurie Dewar, AHBIC Jack Shield, QDPI, Cairns Paula Dewar, AHBIC John Sicari, AQIS, Dampier John Edmonds, beekeeper, Geelong Vicki Simlesa, DPIF, NT Ted Flower, beekeeper, Newcastle Karen Skelton, QDPI, Qld Sue Foster, beekeeper, Kununurra Ian Spicer, Agriculture WA, Bunbury Russell Goodman, DPI, Vic Helen Syer, AQIS, Vic Patricia Greer, QDPI, Qld Stan Taylor, beekeeper, Wyndham Sue Haenkel, beekeeper, Sydney Ian Tayor, AQIS, Portland Tony Hill, beekeeper, Sydney Bill Trend, Agriculture WA David Holford, BTRE, Canberra Alex Veilandt, beekeeper, Broome Tom Holt, beekeeper, Perth Ray Ward, beekeeper, Dampier Mike Jones, Agriculture WA, Geraldton Stephen Ware, CEO, AHBIC Peter Kaczynski,
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Representative System Of
    A GLOBAL REPRESENTATIVE SYSTEM OF. MARTNE PROTE CTED AREAS Public Disclosure Authorized ; ,a,o k. @ S~~ ~r' ~~~~, - ( .,t, 24762 Volume 4 Public Disclosure Authorized .. ~fr..'ne .. G~,eat Barrier R M P.'k Authority Public Disclosure Authorized £S EM' '' , 0Th.o1,, ;, Public Disclosure Authorized a a b . ' Gtat Barrier Rdeef Mnarine Park Authori ''*' i' . ' ; -, a5@ttTh jO The'Wor1&~B'ank .~ ' a K ' ;' 6''-7 Th WorId>Conserutsibn Union (IUCN) $-. , tA,, -h, . §,; . A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas Principal Editors Graeme Kelleher, Chris Bleakley, and Sue Wells Volume IV The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority The World Bank The World Conservation Union (IUCN) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 1995 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. This publication was printed with the generous financial support of the Government of The Netherlands. Copies of this publication may be requested by writing to: Environment Department The World Bank Room S 5-143 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. WORLD CNPPA MARINE REGIONS 0 CNPPAMARINE REGION NUMBERS - CNPPAMARINE REGION BOUNDARIES / > SJ/) a l ti c \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ali OD ' 0 Nort/h@ / North East %f , Nrkwestltsni North Eastt IPaa _?q g Nrharr etwcific \ t\ / , .............
    [Show full text]
  • Explore 36(1) Autumn/Winter 2014 PEOPLE Meet
    Autumn/Winter April to July 2014 VOLUME 36 NUMBER 1 culture MESSAGE STICKS IN THE DIGITAL AGE nature ASTEROIDS AND MASS EXTINCTIONS discover WHO WAS WILLIAM HOLMES? nature COLLECTING SHELL STORIES culture PAINTINGS FROM WEST PAPUA discover WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR CONTENTS NATURE On the record What’s new in science 9 The K–T Boundary and the mass extinction of species 10 The asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs by Andrew Glikson Gone troppo! New snail discoveries from the Top End 14 by Anders Hallan Lost, found and lost again? Australia’s newest mammal 16 discovery may already be extinct by Mark Eldridge Tadpoles and frogs of Australia reviewed by Martyn Robinson 18 Stealth invaders An alien mussel slips in by Don Colgan 24 CULTURE Carrying the message stick Taking message sticks online 3 by Mariko Smith On the road to Yuendumu Revisiting the roots of Aboriginal art 26 by Scott Mitchell Musings What’s new in culture 30 DISCOVER Meet Kim McKay The Australian Museum’s new director 2 by Brendan Atkins William Holmes, enigma Who was the Museum’s first custodian? 6 by Col Johnston Tadpoles in the snow Visiting tadpole scientist Ronn Altig 13 by Brendan Atkins Xplorer young scientist liftout Indigenous science centre Xplanations Search > Discover 19 In your backyard with Martyn Robinson 20 Photofeast Two stunning, award-winning photographs 31 Members events Travel, talks and walks 34 OPINION From the Director Frank Howarth looks back 1 Collections matter! Museum collections in a changing world 22 by Brian Lassig Members message Serena Todd’s guide to upcoming events 34 FRANK HOWARTH • from the director over MY SHOULDER This is my lastExplore editorial.
    [Show full text]