March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5773 The folloWing regular officer ot the U.S. Frank Nelson McCarthey John Andrew Schott Joseph Henry Schuck Navy to be a permanent commissioned offi­ Timothy Moe McDonald cer in the regular Coast Guard in the grade Terrence John McHugh Kevin Edward Schumacher Raymond Edward Seeba.ld of lieutenant: Robert Lee McLaughlin Steven W. Vagts Randal Kirk Meints Peter Leslie Seidler II Edwin Russell Midgett, Jr. Michael Phillip Selavka The following Reserve. officers ot the U.S. Victor Joseph Mihal Edward Donald Selle Coast Guard to be permanent commissioned John Charles Miko Scott Raymond Sett1mo officers in the Regular Coast Guard in the Wade Alexander Mitchell Kenneth Shallk grades indicated: Theodore Paul Montgomery Randall John Sharshan Lieutenant Michael Ray Moore William George Shultz William Lorne Siegel David J. Kantor Nicholas E. Garcia Bruce Eugene Moreland Kent W. Mathews Donald S. Gilbert Robert James Morrison, Jr. Albert Elllott Simmons, Jr. Jeffrey Scott Smith Larry S. Craig Douglas A. Lentsch Elias James Moukawsher Charles H. Davis Scott P. Cooper Andrew T. Moynahan Thomas Walter Sparks Joseph Wilfred St. Martin Willlam M. Riley Gary L. Sonnenberg Louis Nash Robert B. Hurwitt Randall P. Parmentier E. Darrell Nelson John Kennedy Stout Steven Robert Swanson William F. Walker John Charles Nelson Lieutenant (junior grade) Joseph Lawrence Nimmich George Henry Teuton Guy Raymond Nolan Mark Paul Thomas Terrence L. Stagg Kenneth D. Ekelund curtis Bernard Odom Jerry Kenneth Thorusen Harry B. Webster William M. Hayes Kevin Craig Olds Donald Burnell Trone, Jr. Gerald L. Lund Edmund M. Tyler, Jr. Robert Brian Olson Mark Randall Trump Gerald 0. Robichaud Harold D. Pittenger, Robert James Onorato, Jr. Michael Lee VanHouten Ronald V. Larson Jr. Robert James Palko Malcolm Craig Veley Joseph B. Egan Robert F. Sandh, Jr. Alan Leslie Peek Bruce Robert Voorheis Bruce A. Terrell Frederick V. Newman Lawrence Clark Vose David Peter Pekoske Woody L. Loveland Larry L. Mizell Jeffrey Valenta Poston Dale Edward Walker Richard Albert Walleshauser, Jr. Leon D. Howell, Jr. Harry E. Schultz, ill Paul Conrad Potvin, Jr. Thomas E. Behringer Wayne R. Hamilton Michael Nelson Powers Gregory Gerald Warth Jeffrey Peter Watry Clifford I. Pearson Lewis J. Beach Kenneth Steven Prime Marc W. Wolfson Jack D. Campbell Paul John Prince Robert John Watson Timothy Russell Quinton V\.. '.liam Russell Webster David B. Peterman Richard K. Softye Robert Joseph Quirk Thomas Allen Wenzel Scott W. Tiernan Jonathan S. Glantz Martin Joseph·Rajk Gerald Ross Wheatley Robert A. Jones William E. Bruce Justin Hall Randall III Brian Scott White William R. Ashforth William M. Duncan Thomas R. Rice Douglas D. Whitmer Thomas G. Landvogt Leonard R. Heller, Jr. Joseph Edward Wiggins Joseph J. Kucinski James M. Dennis Paul Ames Richardson Stephen Lawrence Wilhelm Michael David Riley Michael Lawrence Williams David W. Kunkel Bonnijill McGhee David John Rimer Donald Eugene Wilt II Michael P. Drzal Paul T. Delaire Richard Anthony Rita. Jr. George William Wood III Ronald L. Nelson Robert G. Ausness Eldon James Robison Max Muir Woodcock David A. Riikonen Margaret R. Riley Garry Bernard Rolsma Richard Paul Yatto Francis G. Barnett Daniel J. Zedan Donald Angus Ross John Burton Young II Thomas G. Butler William J. Emerson Burton Scott Russell Paul Frederick Zukun!t Gary A. Reiter

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FOREIGN POLICY ASPECTS OF A I ask unanimous consent that the text and diplomatic ties. In the past, Nigerian CHROME EMBARGO of these two editorials be printed in Ex­ leaders had distrusted U.S. offers to help negotiate a peaceful transition to black rule tension of Remarks. in Rhodesia, South Africa and Namlbia­ There being no objection, the editorials the native name for Southwest Africa. Now. HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the black governments can see a common OF VIRGINIA as follows: benefit in ending the strife and averting IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES [From the Miami Herald, Feb. 13, 1977] war, a motive they can trust. Diplomacy, however, is still the art of Tuesday, March 1, 1977 UNITED STATES Is IN A UNIQUE PosrriON TO SooTHE A TRoUBLED AFRICA compromise and enlightened self-interest. For this reason, it would not be wise to Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ Time is on the side of majority rule in dent, there have been a number of recent push !or a cutoff in chrome purchases from Africa, and events of late have been on the Rhodesia to force that nation's white gov­ editorials which have questioned the wis­ side o! improved U.S. relations with the ernment to negotiate, as has been proposed dom of reimposing an embargo on Rho­ black governments on that fractious con­ by Secretary of State Cyrus Vance. desian chrome. These editorials point to tinent. Rhodesia will be more inclined to come the weaknesses of the United States pur­ U.N. Ambassador Andrew Young is making to a conference table with the United States suing a negative foreign policy which great strides in opening the doors to previ­ if its economy is still partly dependent on would have the net effect of hardening ously hostile regimes-at least apparently, U.S. trade. If no income ls at stake, the which may be as important as reality at this militants will have an even stronger hand; the positions of the two sides to this dis­ stage. Impressions can be crucial when a In they can play on the bitterness of their pute. the Tampa Tribune of February fresh administration takes office, with new supporters. 15, 1977, the point is made that such a ideas. Ambassador Young is lining up support punitive action as reimposing the em­ African leaders are probably primed for from the black leaders who had previously bargo on chrome will "encourage the cooperation. They have seen how callously mistrusted all white governments. This more radical African leaders to insist on most of their neighbors to the East ignored could make the United States the only real the unconditional surrender of the white them when the OPEC cartel raised oil prices bridge between the warring factions, but government of Prime Minister Ian and undermined the fledgling economic during the interim no doors should be growth of the Third World. Those Marxist slammed by hasty action for dramatic effect. Smith." regimes that once had faith in the Soviet In a Miami Herald editorial of Feb­ bloc now know its cynicism. [From the Tampa Tribune, Feb. 15, 1977] ruary 13 the point is made that cutt~g Free of misconceptions that arose from off our purchases of Rhodesian chrome the old Cold War competition, Africa's black SQUEEZING RHODESXA FOR WHOSE BENEFIT? will serve to harden the position of the nations are probably ready to make new al­ The Carter Administration is enlarging liances with those who can give them real the hypocrisy which has marked Washing­ Rhodesian Government. The Smith gov­ help and not ideology. ton's policy toward Rhodesia. ernment will be more likely to come to Thus, Nigeria's quick shift from hostility That hypocrisy dates back 10 years, to the negotiating table with the United to warmth toward the United States when u.s. support for the action of the United States "if it.s economy is still partly de­ Ambassador Young arrived to declare that Nations in declaring an economic boycott of pendent on U.S. trade!' his government wanted stronger economic Rhodesia. The boycott was based on a charge 5774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS "Afarch 1, 1977 that Rhodesia was "a threat to world peace." HOW ONE VETERAN VIEWS THE AMNESTY in current welfare policy. We should In fact, it posed no threat at all, except to I have been interested since President Car­ make certain that the mechanism the black nationalist movement which has ter pardoned the draft evaders of the Viet­ which moves welfare reform through spread chaos and Communism in much of nam War to note that some of the leaders Congress prevents fragmentation from Africa. of the veterans' organizations and the mlli­ continuing to occur at the legislative In 1971, Congress briefly faced reality. tary have stated that such a. pardon will de­ level. Finding th9.t the boycott was forcing Amer­ stroy mllitary morale. As one leader put it, ican industry to buy chrome from Russia at such an amnesty "shows a lack of concern for We believe a select committee is the three times the Rhodesian price, Congress the 30 million living veterans who served our most rational mechanism for Congress adopted the Byrd Amendment 1sponsored nation in time of war." to use in an examination of welfare. by Senator Harry F. Byrd Jr. of Virginia) ex­ I a.m one of those veterans. I think the Such a committee would not have legis­ empting strategic minerals such as chrome pardon was long overdue. I believe that the lative authority but exist for the purpose from the embargo. whole Vietnam mess teaches us the lesson of coordinating the development of Now the Carter Administration, through that there had better be sufficiently clear comprehensive welfare policy over the Secretary of State Cyrus Vance, is urging causes for entering a war~mething more coming months. Congress to repeal the Byrd amendment. than expediency or the tide of inevitable in­ Vance, testifying before a Senate commit­ tervention. Before our leaders- commit us The committee would have 19 mem­ tee, expressed great anguish at America's they had better be certain that the people of bers drawn from standing committees imports of the tainted Rhodesian chrome. the country will follow their leadership. Most with jurisdictions over the various cash ·"we have acted," he said, "in violation of of the people who led us into Vietnam are and in-kind welfare programs: Agricul­ our own often proclaimed devotion to inter­ saying that in retrospect the whole interven­ ture; Banking, Finance and Urban Af­ national law .... We have put ourselves at tion was a. costly mistake. Why didn't they fairs; Education and Labor; Interstate odds with the wlll of the international com­ listen to those who were saying exactly these and Foreign Commerce; Veterans' Af­ munity ..." things at the time of the intervention? Many fairs; and Ways and Means. Each mem­ On the same day Mr. Vance exhibited such of these were the draft resisters. distress at the U.S. lack of fidelity to the I serve:l in the last war in which our na­ ber would provide the Select Committee United Nations' command, a committee of tional security appeared to be threatened, with their 'home' committee perspective, that very United Nations reported that Rus­ the second world War. I served as a chap­ paving the way for an integrated wel­ sia, East Germany, Rumania, Bulgaria and lain aboard an aircraft carried at Iwo Jima. fare policy. czechoslovakia all were secretly trading with and Okinawa. I can tell you that loss of The functions of the Select Committee Rhodesia. These countries, of course, have morale among the mllitary occurs when there would be two-fold: first, to investigate been among the loudest in condemning the is no apparent meaning for what is being and study any problems which exist in American imports of Rhodesian chrome. done. The meaninglessness of war was dra­ the interaction of present programs The real purpose of the Administration's matically shown to our men when we were pressure upon Congress to repeal the Byrd subject to kamikaze attacks by Japanese sui­ dealing with welfare benefits, including Amendment is to help force Rhodesia into cide pilots. Our men on the carrier could not any problems which arise when an in­ accepting "majority rule"-meaning a quick understand the apparent insanity of becom­ dividual receives an increase in one bene­ transfer of power from the present white ing a human kamikaze bomb. As I wandered fit, and, as a result of such increase, suf­ government to one dominated by black na­ about the ship talking with the men, I real­ fers a loss or reduction of other benefits; tionalists. ized that they understood nothing of the and secondly, to review and coordinate So heavily are the odds stacked against backgrounds of Japanese culture. So I an­ review of President Carter's comprehen­ Rhodesia--surrounded by black dictator­ nounce:! one evening off Okinawa that I ships, under attack by Communist-trained would give a. talk on "The Mind of the Kami­ sive welfare package and any other com­ guerrUlas and threatened by Fidel Castro's kaze" and would relate the suicide pilot's prehensive welfare reform proposed to Cuban expeditionary force-that its govern­ thinking to their religious backgrounds in Congress. ment probably cannot survive for long. Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucia.nism. The select committee would have first The pity is that 1! it had received some An aircraft carrier In wartime is not espe­ referral over welfare reform legislation, understanding and aid !rom Britain and the cially an intellectual place. So I was as­ including hearings. A reorganization United States a few years ago, instead of tounded when practically everyone aboard package would then be broken into seg­ being treated as a pariah, Rhodesia today ship who was not on duty ( 1,200 men) ments for distribution to the appropriate m.lght be an example for multi-racial govern­ showed up for the lecture. They wanted to ment in Africa. It was proceeding in that understand, and when they understood there standing committees. When the legisla­ direction-and even today Rhodesian blacks was no question of loyalty or loss of morale. tion is reported back to the select com­ are helping defend the country against the Loss of morale in the military service or in mittee it would be put together into a guerrllla assaults. the nation wm come about not because in an coordinated package. The committee A negotiated settlement which would allow act of graciousness we pardon those who !eel could then recommend amendments. A a gradual transition from m.lnority to major­ the strongest about the wrongness of war. In similar referral arrangement in the ity rule, while preserving the rights of the history necessa.rily after every war-espe­ House has been proposed with regard whites, m.lght still be possible. But such cially the Civil War-there must be a par­ punitive actions by the United States as a to the administration's energy reorga­ don. Because the leaders involved us in a nization plan. cutoff of chrome imports wlll simply encour­ meaningless war and some of our young men age the more radical African leaders to in­ were more far-sighted than they, are they to Our existing committee system makes sist on unconditional surrender of the white be banished as men without a country !or­ it extremely difficult for Congress to deal government of Prime Minister Ian Smith. ever? As one of those thirty mlllion veterans with current welfare issues in a system­ I! the end result is the conversion of the supposedly made irate by the presidential atic way. We have no effective way of formerly peaceful, productive and anti-Com­ pardon, I am highly gratified. We need to dealing with those issues that cut across munist country into another Angola, Mo­ bind up the wounds of our nation. existing committee lines. As a result, zambique or Uganda, the Carter Admlnistra­ WALTER DONALD KRING. tion will have cause to regret its contribu­ recipients who receive benefits from more tion to the international strands of hypoc­ than one Federal program often find risy which strangled Rhodesia. themselves caught up in a confusing and SELECT COMMITTEE ON WELFARE contradictory set of regulations and REORGANIZATION standards. When we look at the broader question HOW ONE VETERAN VIEWS THE of welfare reform, it is clear that the AMNESTY HON. DONALD M. FRASER current committee system does not ade­ OF MINNESOTA quately serve our needs. How can we HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES overhaul the AFDC program for example, without taking into consideration the OF VmGINIA Tuesday, March 1, 1977 health, job training and food stamp ben­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, today I efits that AFDC recipients may also re­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 am introducing, along with 47 of my ceive? Each of these Federal benefit pro­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, I want to colleagues, a resolution to establish a grams is under the jurisdiction of a share with my colleagues the views on Select Committee on Welfare Reorganiz­ separate congressional committee. and amnesty of a good friend of mine, Dr. ation. The existing House committee unless we can find some way for the Walter Donald Kring, minister of the structure disperses welfare policy over various committees to come together, we Unitarian Church of All Souls in New six different panels, frustrating com­ could very well end up with a welfare York City. Whether one agrees entirely prehensive policy development. Such reform plan that does little to overcome with Dr. Kring or not, his statement is fragmentation is largely responsible for the fragmentation and administrative worth pondering: the crazy quilt of inconsistency found complexity of the current system. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5775 We feel the select committee approach H.R.- "REGULATORS" BLAMED FOR NATURAL GAS makes eminently good sense and urge our A bill to amend the National Flood Insur­ WOES colleagues to examine it carefully in the ance Act of 1968 for the purpose for raising (By William Safire) interests of sound policymaking for our the limitations on the amounts of insur­ Who's to blame for the natural gas sh-ort­ Nation's poor. ance which may be obtained under such age? Act Behind the scenes of what President Car­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House ter called at his press conference Wednes­ of Representatives of the United States of day "a conglomeration of confusion in the America in Congress assembled, That sec­ energy field," the scapegoat has already been tion 1306(b) of the National Flood Insur­ FLOODS AND OTHER NATURAL chosen: the big oil and gas companies, which ance Act of 1968 is amended- have supposedly been "holding back" gas for DISASTERS ( 1) by striking out "$35,000" and nefarious reasons. "$100,000" in paragraph (1) (A) (i) and in­ In the Congress, hearings are under way serting in lleu thereof "$100,000" and this week, with investigations launched and HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON "$300,000", respectively; mimeo machines readied for the grand, co­ (2) by striking out "$10,000" in paragraph ordinated fixing-of-the-blame. OF MARYLAND (1) (A) (11) and inserting in lieu thereof In the Interior Department, Secretary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "$25,000"; Cecil Andrus has taken as his key investi­ (3) by striking out "$50,000" and "$150,- Tuesday, March 1, 1977 gator one David Schwartz, a former Federal 000" in paragraph (1) (A) (ill) and inserting Power Commission bureaucrat and Ted Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, today I am in lieu thereof "$115,000" and "$350,000", Kennedy aide, who has testified for oil and introducing two bills which will help respect! vely; gas production on federal lands by a govern­ citizens and small business cope with (4) by striking out "$100,000" each time ment corporation. His presence guarantees floods and other natural disasters. it appears in paragraph (1) (B) and inserting that the "investigation" will arrive at its in lieu thereof "$500,000"; and pre-ordained conclusion: blaming private The first of these bills would increase (5) by striking out "$100,000" each time enterprise. the limits on the amount of flood insur­ it appears in paragraph (1) (C) and inserting It's all a cover-up. The people who are to ance which families and businesses are in lieu thereof "$500,000". blame for the present shortage of the clean­ allowed to purchase. The residential est and most efficient fuel of all are the regu­ limits would be increased from $35,000 H.R.- lators themselves. They thought they could to $100,000 and the coverage ceilh1g for A bill to amend the Disaster Relief Act of protect the consumer by breaking the law of small businesses would be rai.3cd from 1974 supply and demand, and as a result, have $100,000 to $500,000. Be it enacted by the Senate and House made a classic case against government in­ of Representatives of the United. States of tervention. In many communities whose ~en~ral America in Congress assembled., That title BARGAIN business district may be subject to IV of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 is In 1954, the Warren Court, with Justice flooding, such as Frederick, Md., in my amended by adding at the end thereof the William Douglas dlssen ting, made it possible district, the restrictions on the amount following: for Congress to set the price of natural gas of flood insurance protection a business "DISASTER LOANS sold interstate. Vote-conscious congressmen is allowed to purchase may discourage "SEc. 420. Notwithstanding any other pro­ promptly made it the cheapest fuel avail­ businesses from locating, expanding, or vision of law, the Administrator of the Small able. Business Administration or the Secretary of Bargain-hunters converted to gas heat. remaining in these areas. My bill would Consumer advocates glowed with pride, and alleviate that problem by raising the Agriculture, as the case may be, in the case of any loan which has been or is made with federal regulators appeared to be the con­ limits sufficiently to enable bush1esses respect to a diss.ster oc<:urring on or after sumer's friend. to protect themselves adequately. April 20, 1973, under section 7(b) (1), (2), The only trouble was that the profit mo­ The second bill I am introducing or ( 4) of the Small Business Act or under tive was removed from the gas business. In­ would amend the Disaster Relief Act of section 321 of the Consolidated Farm and vestors became unwilling to put capital into Rural Development Act, at the decision of the search for new sources of natural gas. 1974 to make the terms of disaster re­ As night follows day, the demand rose lief loans more favorable to the victims the borrower made within a reasonable time, determined by the Administrator and the and the supply did not keep pace. By not oof the disasters. Prior to 1974, SBA Secretary, after being informed of the op­ letting the market set the price, the regu­ disaster loans were extended at a 1- tion available under this section, shall lators encouraged the consumer to waste the percent interest rate and a $5,000 for­ either- cheap fuel and discouraged the investor from giveness on the loan. The 1974 law elim­ " ( 1) cancel the outstanding principal not finding new sources. inated the forgiveness provisions and exceeding $2,500, of the loan, and set the That voter-pleasing low price not only re­ raised the interest rate to what it is interest rate to be paid on any unpaid and moved the user's incentive to conserve nat­ today-6% percent. The bill I am in­ uncancelled balance of the loan at 3 per­ ural gas, but it effectively knocked out the cent per annum; or coal industry, to the delight of the environ­ troducing today would provide two op­ "(2) set the interest rate to be paid on mentalists. When the oil price quadrupled, tions, either a 3-percent interest rate on any unpaid balance of the loan at 1 percent we found ourselves all regulated up with no the loan with a $2,500 forgiveness or a per annum.". place to go for other forms of energy. Coal 1-percent interest rate with no forgive­ was "dirty" and discredited, while clean gas ness. was enmeshed in price controls that dis­ couraged exploration. This bill is identical to S. 570, which In this severe winter, the frozen chickens was introduced by Senators MATHIAS and "REGULATORS" BLAMED FOR NAT­ came home to roost. Never before have we had SARBANES. Since the changes in the disas­ URAL GAS WOES as dramatic an example of the folly of in­ ter relief program in 1974, each of the trusion into the .marketplace by well-mean­ 50 States has suffered at least one nat­ ing regula tors. ural disaster. The 1974 changes have re­ HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY The congressmen most to blame for the duced the benefits of SBA disaster loans OF IOWA natural gas shortage are Representatives John Moss (Dem., Calif.), John Dingell greatly, since the interest rate is now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so high, and participation in the program (Dem., Mich.), Harley Staggers (Dem., w. Tuesday, March 1, 1977 Va.). and Senator Fritz Hollings (Dem., S.C.). by those who are eligible has been re­ Have these regulation-loving gentlemen duced. Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, even felt the heat from people who feel no heat? Mr. Speaker, the victims of disasters though temperatures in certain parts of Evidently not; Dingell staggers while Staggers suffer in many ways and I hope that Con­ the United States have moderated in re­ dlngells. Not one has the honesty to say: gress will act favorably on this legislation cent weeks we should not conclude that "The deregulators were right and I was in order to extend Federal assistance to the natural gas shortage is or soon wlll be wrong. We should deregulate 'new' gas right them in a much more helpful way. a thing of the past. The administration's away, to stimu'l.ate exploration. Since 'new• I am also hopeful of positive action on Emergency Natural Gas Act of 1977 is and 'old' gas is mixed, prices wlll thus grad­ ually rise to their natural levels." the bill to increase flood insurance limits not the solution for a problem caused by This object lesson has not caused any in order to enable families and businesses Federal interference in the operation of born-again free-marketers to testify on the to adequately prepare themselves for the marketplace. I would like to bring Senate floor: "I was blind but now I see. The fioods by purchasing sufficient amounts to the attention of my colleagues a most democratic way to get people to con­ of flood insurance. column which appeared in the February serve energy is to make waste personally The bills follow: 25, Des Moines Register: costly. The most democratic way to protect 5776 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 the consumer is to encourage free competi­ tipped with red, as evidence of their inability dren, to orient to society and become more tion, letting capital see a profit by fulfilling to see. This is now universally acknowledged capable of self-determination. demand." as a signal that the bearer is blind. Statutes Space will not permit full account of all No; not one lonely do-gooder has the grace of many states have added legal authority to the kinds of Lions Clubs activity in sight to point with rue to the wisdom of Justice this general acceptance, And, by custom, conservation, and that is only one of the Douglas in his dissent; he warned at the throughout the United States and in many Lions' areas of service to mankind. The Lions start that natural gas regulation "involved foreign countries, people in .big cities and international motto is "We serve," so won't considerations of which we know very little, tiny hamlets pause to befriend the one who you be sure to contribute when you see the and with which we are not competent to uses a White Cane. "White-Cane-Day" activity where ever you deal." Lions Clubs have found many means of may go during "Sight Conservation Week." REGULATION GASBAGS service to express their concern for those The President of the United States by law with impaired sight. Sometimes it is deeds decreed annually proclaims the 1st week in On the contrary, the gasbags of regulation and sometimes 1t is dollars. But always Lions March as "Sight Conservation Week" and have learned nothing and are looking for are serving the unsighted. This is because the Governor of Texas proclaims Texas Lions scapegoats. At taxpayer's expense, they will each club finds the serving that best Eye-Bank Week. This year the Lions of Texas probe for lobbies and lobby for probes, di­ suits its abillties and its community. It takes are requesting Governor Dolph Briscoe to verting attention from their dismal record by interest and ingenuity to find jobs, how­ proclaim the 1st week of March "Sight Con­ hinting at conspiracies to hold back produc­ ever. And to carry them out requires enthu­ servation Week" and "White-Cane-Days." tion by anti-consumer fatcats. siasm and dedication .... and money. Of The same proclamation is being requested There's no mystery about why production the last, m1lllons of dollars are being raised of the Mayors of all Lion Club cities in Dis­ is not booming: The regulators have made it each year the White Cane way to make the trict 2-S3 of Texas and especially of Mayor stupid to produce gas. With little profit in Sight Serving of hundreds of clubs more Jeffrey Friedman of Austin, the Capital City. gas, there will be little gas. By letting the effective. As all citizens participate in Lion Sight marketplace work, we would get different Austin boasts of having the oldest Lions Conservation they may be sure that they are types of fuel at competitive prices. Club in the world, The Founder Lions Club helping to give "The Gift of Sight!" Won't If you have been one of the more than as it is now called. It is father, grandfather, you personally be sure to help, whoever you one m1llion workers thrown out of a job this or gre.it-grandfather of many of the clubs of are or where ever you are. If you miss a winter by the gas shortage; if anyone in your Central Texas and it is 61 years old, having "White-Cane-Days" opportunity you may family has suffered illness from lack of gas been organized in 1916, which was one year mail your contribution to: Lions Eye Bank, heat; or 1f your child has lost irreplaceable before the organization of Lions Interna­ P.O. Box 495, Austin, Tex. 78767; and your education time from school closings, then tional. 29 Clubs formed the International contribution to this non-profit humanitari­ you have a right to be angry. organization in 1917 and of the 29 there were an effort is tax deductible. The proceeds go But be angry at the real villains: the 12 Texas Clubs. Today there are over 30,000 to Lion activity 100 percent, the effort and Washington-knows-best congressmen, the Lions Clubs in 149 countries and geogr.iphic promotion is donated by Lions Clubs and self-anointed consumer "protectors," and the terri tortes of the world and these clubs boast friends of Lions Clubs. regulatory bureaucracy. They all thought over 1,200,000 members. That is a vast orga­ LOCAL EFFORT BRINGS RESULTS they could do better than the free market nization for "Sight Conservation Week" and Some very heart-warming revelations oc­ system, but their wrongheaded philosophy "White Cane Day"! cur in work with sight saving activity. For brought about the unnatural shortage of These two designated periods, "Sight Con­ example the young accountant who can now natural gas. servation \Veek" and "White Cane Days", see and can continue in his profession be­ form the great central core of Lions Clubs cause of a cornea transplant. When he was SIGHT ------OBSERVATION WEEK activity. How do they work? Lions go to the asked about the importance to him of the public with White-Cane replicl. lapel em­ transplant he said, "You don't see many blems proclaiming "Lions-White-Cane-Day" blind accountants". and requesting contributions of money for The Dental Technician who can pursue HON. J. J. PICKLE continued Sight Conservation work. There­ OF TEXAS her work because she is a recipient of a cor­ sponse is always good, because the result.3 of nea transplant. Some one some where gave IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Sight Activity" have become well known. so others could see, and many in many places Tuesday, March 1, 1977 For example central Texas now has a Lions gave time, effort, expert knowledge, and Eye Bank-The Lions District 2-83 Eye Bank. money to make it all possible. Lions helped Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, as a mem­ It is headquartered in the SETON MED:::cAL to put it toget her. ber of Lions International, as a former CENTER at 1201 West 38th St. in Austin, and One person who before the transplant district governor of Lions International, covers activity in the 21 counties of Lions could only discern light, after a cornea trans­ and as a member of the Founders Club District 2-83 which is made up of 96 clubs plant on Friday could read the cafeteria and is the largest district in number of clubs menu on Saturday. This experience is aston­ of Austin, Tex., I hope many people will on the North American Continent. take note of Sight Observation Week ishing to us, but what do you suppose it 1s The Eye-Banks of Texas are mainly Lions like for the recipient who can only discern arid White Cane Days. Clubs Eye-Banks and they belong to the light from dark before a transplant but can This means that it is the time of year Texas Eye Bank Association and in turn the read a menu the following day! when we re-think, re-dedicate, and dou­ American Association of Eye Banks. Emer­ Young children or parents may not know ble our efforts to preserve sight and to gency need for eye Cornea transplants can of a vision defect, only that a child is not as be assistants, not helpers, to those who occur any where in the country and any Eye­ capable as it should be, but upon testing have lost sight. Bank with the availability can meet the need. the child is found to be lacking in vision and Transplants are of course performed by hence the difficulty exists. Many times cor­ In 1925, Miss Helen Keller challenged ophthalmologists, Lions Eye Banks form the the Lions Clubs of the world to become rection is readily furnished by able parents, gathering system. but some times help is necessary in buying "Knights of the Blind." The Lions Clubs The Eye-Banks were very active in forming glasses or in further testing and outfitting. accepted the challenge and ever since the legislative effort for the enactment of the Lions come in to do that job when they are have pursued sight conservation. All law creating a registration system of Organ called upon and when they have been able across the world, individual Lions make Donors through the Texas Driver License Di­ to supply the money through service activity this their main activity beyond their vision of the Department of Public Safety of like "Sight Conservation Week" and "White family and work. the state of Texas. The same law exists in Cane Days". Please help with your contribu­ many states now. All Drivers Licenses re­ tion, and make a commitment on your Driv­ I place in the RECORD some reports on newed since 1976 in Texas have a provision the work for sight conservation in ob­ ers License with your witnessed declaration. on the back side for a witnessed declaration "You Can Give The Gift of Sight!" servance of this week: of donation intention of the Holder of the Incidentally, these references are to act­ LIONS HAVE CHOSEN SIGHT SERVICE! License. This way the desire of the donor is ual Austin cases of which there are many In 1925 a challenge was laid down to the most certain to become known upon death. more. Lions Clubs of the world which has led to The eleven Lions Clubs of Austin Will be the development of one of Lionism's greatest active throughout the city of Austin during areas of service. It was on the occasion of "White-Cane-Days". Your gifts will find use PONTIAC'S COMPREHENSIVE CRIME the 7th annual convention of the burgeon­ in Eyeglasses for children who could not PREVENTION PROGRAM-1977 ing Association of Lions Clubs at Cedar otherwise purchase them, in additional UPDATE Point, Ohio. Principal speaker was Miss Helen equipment for the Eye Bank and Eye Bank Keller, famous blind, deaf and speechless activity, in sight conservation work and re­ personage of the time. She called her sight­ habilition effort with adult blind throughout HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD lessness her greatest handicap, and Lions the year through the Lions camp for crippled OF MICHIGAN children at Kerrville, Texas, which camp has left tb.a t meeting determined to serve the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sight needs of their communities, hence­ become world renowned among the 150 Lion forth. nations of the world. The camp also rehabili­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 Shortly thereafter, Lion George Bonham, tates diabetic children (Diabetes is a great President of the Peoria, illinois, Club pro­ cause of sight impairment) and trains them, Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, at a posed that blind persons carry a white cane as it does partially-sighted and blind chil- time when crime and the dramatically March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5777 escalating crime rate have become major citizens crime prevention advisory commit­ crime in Pontiac has been slashed by one concerns to the citizens of our country, tee to continue the work of the task force. third! A major product of the task force's work And Pontiac is not some quiet suburb. It the city of Pontiac, in my district in was the reorganization and reallocation of is a big, old industrial city whose unemploy­ Michigan, has been winning its war on resources within the Pontiac Police Depart­ ment rate still hovers in the neighborhood crime. ment under the leadership of Police Chief of 20 per cent. About hal! its citizens are not Pontiac has experienced its third suc­ WilHam K. Hanger. Platoon strength was high school graduates. Overall, Pontiac resi­ cessful year of reducing its crime rate realigned to correspond to call-load volumes, dents are among the poorest financially in the through its comprehensive crime preven­ with response time to priority calls being county. tion program. In the 3 years of this pro­ slashed from about 15 minutes to under five YP.t the crime rate keeps falllng. In 1973 gram, Pontiac drove down the rate of minutes. Special "directed patrols" were there were 37 murders. There were only nine established and, using fresh crime data de­ In in 1976. crimes against persons by 32 percent. veloped by the planning and analysis unit, There were 84 reported forcible rapes in its downtown section, the decrease for these effectively moved into high-crime areas 1973, compared with 57 in 1976. the 3 year period was an even more im­ to bring about a turnaround in both violent The number of robberies dropped from 677 pressive 38 percent. and property crimes. to 480 in that same period and aggravated as­ Pontiac's comprehensive crime preven­ Other project areas moved on by the city sault cases declined from 1,196 to 807 last tion program is the product of the hard were: year. work of professional consultants, city School outreach program, established to Only larcenies have increased-by 29 per staff, and interested citizens. They all foster positive interaction between the po­ cent-in that time. And larcenies are our deserve to be highly congratulated. lice and elementary and secondary school least threatening crimes. A larceny, for ex­ students; pollee officers have assumed coun­ ample, is stealing a tape deck from an un­ This program is also an excellent ex­ selor roles in schools to further improve these locked car. ample of positive cooperation between relations; But robberies, rapes, murders are terribly the Federal and local governments for Building security program, designed to threatening. They involve people and fear this crime prevention program is sup­ provide advice and recommendations to in­ and pain and death. ported, in part, by the Law Enforcement dividual citizens and to businesses on how Why has crime declined in Pontiac? It has Assistance Administration. As Pontiac's to make their structures secure from rob­ declined because Pontiac especially its police mayor, Wallace E. Holland, has said: beries and burglaries; department, has used federal crime-fighting At a time when legislators and citizens, Neighborhood Citizens Watch program to money and used it very wisely. alike, are concerned over the effectiveness of supplement regular pollee patrols in residen­ More policemen are on the force, but, and federal spending programs, it is especially tial areas by providing for volunteer "citizen more important, their time is being used important to point to areas where programs watches" to report crimes or suspicious cir­ more effectively. They can respond to crime funded in part by the federal government cumstances to police; reports more rapidly, they can put their pa­ have had a highly positive impact. Street lighting improvement program to trols where they count. reduce potential criminal acts in locations It all proves that money can help solve Mr. Speaker, I am including, with these where conventional street lighting is inade­ problems; when it is in the right hands. comments, the report of the Citizen quate for crime detection; It proves that American cities do not have Communications Division of the city of Court administration reorganization pro­ to be the helpless victims of crime. Pontiac and two articles from the Oak­ gram designed to improve and facilitate the It proves that Americans do have the know­ activities of the 50th District Court; how to solve their Number One problem. land Press on the Pontiac program. The Improved court probation program to pro­ And all that has been proven in Pontiac, report of the Citizen Communications vide meaningful probationary services to Michigan. Division presents a fine synopsis of the persons convicted of crimes in Pontiac; and Jimmy Carter, take note. crime prevention program as well as new A silent observer program to elicit infor­ directions that the program will take. I mation from citizens with knowledge of the identities of crime perpetrators, through a [From the Oakland (Mich.) Press, Feb. 9, commend this reading to my colleagues 1977] and to all who are concerned about win­ system of monetary rewards. ning the war on crime! With crime against persons now under '76 PONTIAC CRIME DOWN 11 PERCENT FROM control, police department efforts have '75 LEVELS PONTIAC 'S COMPREHENSIVE CRIME PREVEN­ turned to the area of property crimes reduc­ TION PROGRAM-1977 UPDATE (By Larry Good) tion, 1976 crime figures reflected some initial PoNTIAc.-For the second straight year, the [Prepared by the City of Pontiac Citizen success in this area, with a 26 per cent re­ Communication Division, February 1977] city's major crime rat e dropped during 1976, duction in burglaries. In 1977, police expect going down 11 per cent from 1975 levels. For the third consecutive year, Mayor to make headway on larcenies, the hardest Proud city officials revealed the statistics at Wallace E. Holland has been able to an- of the property crimes to control. a pres~ £~.r;1!erence this morning. The numbers nounce a downturn in crime under Pontiac, The citizens advisory committee, mean­ indicate a dramatic turnaround for a city Michigan's, Comprehensive Crime Prevention while, will be focusing their attention on that had the fourth highest crime rate in the Program. juveniles who come to the attention of country for cities under 100,000 in 1973. On top of an 11 per cent drop in overall criminal justice system. crime in 1976 came an even more impressive Compared with 1973, violent crimes had dropped 32 per cent by 1976. Violent crimes decrease in crimes against persons-murder, [From the Oakland (Mich.) Press, Feb.10, rape, robbery and aggravated assault--<>! 32 include murder, rape, robbery and aggravated 1977] assault. per cent over the three years of the crime­ PoNTIAC SHows How To WIN CRIME BATTLE fighting effort. Murder has taken the biggest plunge since In Pontiac's downtown section, too, crime (By Neil Munro) 1973's record 37, falling steadily to 1976's 9, took a beating, with a 1976 decrease of 15 Time after time, Americans call crime the a 75 per cent drop. per cent coming on the heels of a 1975 de­ Number One national problem. Pollee Chief William K. Hanger credits an crease of 38 per cent. It is easy to understand why. More than intensive federally funded crime prevention Accounting !or these phenomenal suc­ three times as many crimes are committed p rogram for the improvements since 1973. The cesses is an "umbrella" approach to crime now in a year as were committed in a year federal Law Enforcement Assistance Admin­ prevention that recognizes that crime is not less than a generation ago. istration (LEAA) has pumped more than $2 the result of a single factor ... and that ef­ Crime is making our larger older cities close million into Pontiac since 1973, with a new fective crime prevention cannot be realized to unllveable. Sample just this statistic. A $433,000 grant announced just last week. with isolated tactics. The central theme run­ boy born in Detroit today, and who stays in The crime rate is computed from seven ning through Pontiac's approach has been to Detroit for the rest o! his life, has a greater categories, the four types of violent crimes present as broad a front against crime as chance of being murdered than an infantry­ and such property crimes as burglary, larceny possible and to probe as many crime-produc­ man had of dying in combat in World War and auto theft. ing factors as money and manpower will per­ n. The crime prevention program has included mit. Now is that unliveable, or isn't it? sweeping changes in police operations along A large measure of credit must go to the And in recent years ao-called experts have with a drug abuse program court improve­ Federal Law Enforcement Assistance Admin­ tended to throw up their hands in despair ments, youth programs and citizens patrol­ istration, which has funded many of Pon­ at ever making significant progress in com­ ling. tiac's crime prevention programs to the tune bating crime; short of tearing up the Bill of The biggest changes have been in the of $2 million since the city's coordinated ef­ Rights. pollee department, where the city has used fort began in late 1973. But there is light at the end o! the tunnel LEAA-funded positions and studies to vastly The big crime prevention push arose out of and you can see it shining very brightly in improve patrolling and investigative tech­ an effort by a special city manager's task Pontiac, Michigan, the county seat of Oak­ niques. force, which developed 10 project areas, in­ land County. Specific improvements have included es­ cluding the establishment of a permanent In the last four years the rate of violent tablishment of a planning and analysis unit 5778 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 to watch trends, directed and preventive said the department's goal is to reduce these not counting motor vehicles. Larcenies are patrols, and procedures to halve pollee re­ property crimes by 15 per cent, while increas­ up 29 per cent from 1973-1976 and up 2 per sponse time to c~lls. ing the arrest rate by 10 per cent. cent in 1976 from 1975. The new LEAA aid is aimed at improving Property crimes have not dropped as A special point of pride for city officials communications between patrol officers and dramatically as violent ones have since 1973, is the drop in downtown crime. Crime inside detectives, while also beefing up the directed although they fell off 11 per cent from 1975 to Wide Track Drive has been nearly halved in patrols which concentrate on high-crime 1976. Over the four years, they have increased two years. areas. 4.8 per cent. The 1976 rate downtown is 15 per cent It will also set up a task force centering The one category that bas steadily risen below the 1975 figures. The two-year drop on reducing burglaries and larcenies. Hanger since the 1973 overall "peak" is larcency, totals 47 per cent.

PONTIAC CRIME SUMMARY-1973-76

Percent change Percent chan&e 1973 1974 1975 1976 1975-76 1973-76 1973 1974 1975 1976 1975-76 1973-76

Murder and nonnegligent man· larceny-theft. ____ -·-- ______3, 279 4, 028 4, 173 4, 255 +2.0 +29.0 slaughter ______•• _·---_ .. _. 37 28 18 9 -50.0 -75.6 Motor vehicle theft ______714 614 693 522 -25.0 -26. 8 Forcible rape ______---- 84 85 48 57 +18.0 -32.0 Robbery ___ ------.. ------677 523 533 480 -10.0 -29.0 Total crimes a&ainst property ___ 6, 870 8, 030 8, 121 7, 200 -11.0 +4.8 Auravated assault. _____ ------1, 196 1, 125 914 807 -12.0 -32.5 Total crime index crimes ______8, 864 9, 792 9,634 8, 553 -11.0 -3.5 Total crimes a&ainst persons .• _ 1, 994 1, 761 1, 513 l, 353 -10.5 -32.0 Total calls for service .•. ______63, 604 68, 911 70,468 74,837 +6.0 +17.6 Burglary ______•• ______------_____ 2, 887 3, 388 3, 255 2, 423 -26.0 -16.0

WHY ARE HOSPITAL COSTS 3. The store must have a "committee" to and regardless of bow much our new regula­ SO HIGH? establish a shopping "time limit" for each tions have added to operating costs. After all, customer as he/she walks in the door. Any the store can double its price increases to the customer permitted to shop longer ·than the other cne half to make up any loss. pre-established time limit, my not be re­ 11. For that half of the customer, let us HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH quired to pay for groceries. The store must also require that the store cannot collect OF NEW YORK keep records of this by customer. from the customer for groceries sold. Rather, IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES 4. The store must keep a record by name the store must bill the customer's employer. of time customer entered store, items pur­ Better yet, we w111 mandate that the store Tuesday, March 1, 1977 chased, amount paid by item, name of stock must first write to the employer for "per­ Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, few of us boy who placed each item on the shelf, time mission" to bUl, then it may bill upon re­ of customer departure from store and name ceipt of permission. In the meantime, the can afford, literally, to be ill these days, of store employee who carried the groceries store may not attempt to collect from the especially when it involves a stay in a out. customer for groceries received. health care institution. Rising hospital 5. The store must obtain approval of the 12. Naturally. we wlll establish that the costs constitute an increasingly alarm­ "authorities" before adding or deleting any store is to be ''fined" 1f it refuses to report ing problem; yet, many of us do not product or specific brand of product. the data we have outlined or if its records know its cause. 6. The store manager must have Master's are not totally accurate. Mr. Willlao J. Watt, assistant admin­ Degree in Marketing. 13. For topping, the store must hire an 7. Periodically, the store wm be required independent accountant to certify the ac­ istrator/comptroller of St. Joseph's Hos­ to determine and repor.t "race" of each curacy of data reported under our regula­ pital Health Center located in Syracuse, customer in store during a. particular day. tions. N.Y., has put together what I consider 8. 'The store must keep records and report 14. To wrap things up, let's make the store an excellent analysis of the problem. Mr. the following to our authorities: manager responsible for planning each cus­ Watt's familiarity with hospital costs a. Total number of customers served; tomer's meals. If he errs in judging what began in 1967 when he assumed the posi­ broken down by employer. is best for a famlly--eue, sue, sue. tion of comptroller of the University b. Total minutes of customer shopping. 15. But, let's not stop here just because Hospital, Upstate Medical Center, in c. Number of customers who used shop- you and I have exhausted our ideas. Why Syracuse, N.Y., and he has been in this ping carts. · not add more people to each of the authori­ d. Number of customers who did not. ties. They wlll probably invent new controls business eve:.: since. e. Number of customers who bought meat and regulations to show they are earning I am confident all of us wlll find this and nothing else. their pay. gentleman's comments to be both in­ f. Number of customers who bought bread 16. Finally-why are grocery costs now so formative and helpful, and I am pleased and nothing else. high? In plain layman language, why are to insert it in the RECORD : g. Number of customers who bought milk they so high? It sounds ridiculous to apply such criteria WHY ARE HOSPITAL COSTS So HIGH? and nothing else. h. Number of customers who bought bread to a grocery store, doesn't it? But, believe it Why are hospital costs so high? In plain or not, hospitals are mandated by several "au­ layman language, why are costs so high? and meat. 1. Number who bought bread and meat. thorities'' to report countless statistical data You, the public, ask that question every j. Number who bought meat and milk. and are bound to many. ma.ny rules-not un­ day. Let me try to answer. k. Number of customers who came in for like those we have dreamed up for our gro­ You probably have a favorite grocery store one item only but who bought two or more. cery stores. Some examples of this are: at which you do your weekly family grocery 1. Number who went directly to left side of 1. Report monthly and annual days of in­ shopping. Let us impose some changes to the store upon entering. patient care, by age group, by services (medi­ way that store operates. m. Number who went directly to right side cal, surgical, etc.) by type of financial cover­ First, we wlll create several different "au­ of store upon entering. age. thorities" each of whom has control over n. Number who sauntered down the middle 2. Report outpatient visits in a similar our store. aisle. fashion. Next, these authorities wlll establish some 9. Let us now mandate that the store 3. Likewise for Emergency Room visits. mandatory rules under which the grocery "give away" fifty thousand dollars worth of 4. Report total annual minutes of anaes­ store must operate: grocerie3 each year. In fact, let us force the thesie administered. 1. The store must record and report each Store Manager to post signs ln three lan­ 5. Count and report number of x-ray year the number o! cans o! peas sold, by guages, telllng customers that he is required exams. brand, by customer. age, and by employer of to do this; and again, records must be main­ 6. Count and report number of films used the customer. For example: report sales of tained by customer on free groceries given in these x-ray exaDaS. "Green Giant" peas to General Electric em­ away under this plan, as well as records on 7. Report number of births for year. ployed customers by age groups 1 to 5, 6 to those denied. 8. Report number of chUdren served. 16, 17 to 21, etc. The same for "Green Giant" 10. Next, let's require that for one half 9. Report number of physical therapy pea sales to customers employed by Chrysler of its customers, the store cannot set prices. treatments. Motors and so on. Next, the store wlll report 10. Report number of blood transfusions. "Libby" peas. We wm require this report Instead, our authority wm determine how 11. Number of outpatients admitted as in­ on not only peas, but for each and every much the customer may be charged. Better patients. product sold. yet, we will tell the manager that these cus­ 12. We must give a. certain amount of 2. The store must certify in writing that tomers may be charged no more this year "charity care" each year and have multi­ each customer "needs" groceries before per­ than last year prices-regardless of how lingual signs posted telling our patients thiS mitting him/her to en·ter the store. much more the store must pay for the items, charity is available. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5779 13. Report operations by number and type justice that seeks to know the truth and thing old-a traditioned, cherished way of of operation. make sound decisions based upon that truth. life; a sacred belle! in the individual; and 14. Reimbursement rates are established by Another American principle is peace. . . . inalienable right to "life, Uberty, and the outside "authorities" for more than half of Peace that stands erect in a world where pursuit of happiness"; a time-honored, total patients. Such rates are usually less injustice and bloodshed seem to have become much-sought-after goal called the American than cost of care, so we charge higher fees to the norms. When was the last time you and Dream, that men and women have struggled the remaining half to make up the deficit. your family lived in absolute fear of your for, and fought for, and sometimes even died 15. We must obtaln a signed certifl.cate as home being destroyed in a tlme of war? Not for, that their sons·and daughters might live to need for hospitalization. since the Civll War has military confl.lct oc­ to see its promises realized, its covenant 16. We must establiSh a "time limlt" for curred within the continental boundaries of fulfilled. hospital stay at time of hospitalization. An the United States. We in America can stand What does America mean to me? It means insurance clerk may declare an "overstay" proud that our leaders have not waited for the ideas and beliefs of 1776 that live today, and refuse to pay. trouble to strike here before taking action. stlll relevant, stlll essential for today's world. 17. We must seek "permission" to bill an When we were threatened elsewhere, we It means a nation of good land and good outside third party for more than half of our stopped the trouble there. people who have forged a privileged and pro­ patients. But still, the question remains: What does gressive existence into being. It means a 18. We must maintain detailed records of America mean to me? I can quote history coast-to-coast, Great Lakes-to-Rio Grande services provided, by date and by individual and cite facts as easily as the next man; melting pot, an amalgam of peoples and cus­ providing the service. but that still does not express what my toms and folkways and tongues from all over 19. We must periodically determine andre­ country means to me personally. Let me ex­ the world, drawn to a nation which says, port the "race" of each patient treated dur­ press my feelings about America, my home­ " Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled ing a given day. land: masses yearning to breathe free." It means: These are but a few of the many require­ America is waking up in the morning, freedom, that intangible quality so seldom ments we are told that you, the public, de­ knowing that no man can take away the recogn ized, ~o often taken for granted-the mand of hospitals today. They sound ridicu­ freedoms which I enjoyed yesterday; know­ freedom to think and believe as one wishes· lous when applied to a grocery store. And you ing that I have chosen the work which I to; the freedom to worship or not to worship, can easily imagine the increased cost of gro­ will do that day; and having the security to agree or to dissent, to accept or to chal­ ceries if the criteria were so mandated. Now of knowing that even though I may work lenge. do you know why hospital costs are so high? for a private company, I am contributing To me, America is the freedom to pledge WILLIAM J. WATr. to a financial system that will benefit not allegiance, not out of obligation or duty or only myself, but others as well. coercion, but because the words have a mean­ America is a promise ... A promise that ing, a special meaning that only an American I wlll be given an equal chance at life; be­ can understand. America is: fireworks and WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME ca. use even though my talents may not be as excitement and a celebration of living. Amer­ numerous as another man's I may equal or ica is: a very special, very sacred concept excel his abilities by ambition and hard called equality, conceived of by men and HON. MARILYN LLOYD work. women who dared to propose that all people America is an environment in which free­ are created equal by their creator and should OF TENNESSEE dom lives and breathes ... An environment IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES remain equal in the eyes of their government. that is suitable for the growth of young America is: a flag-an old, cherished, honored Tuesday, March 1, 1977 men and women who will be tomorrow's symbol of America wherever it flies-a living leaders . . . Leaders who Will stir up men's reminder of the great history of a great na­ Mrs. LLOYD of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ imaginations and inspire them to do the tion; of valiant soldiers who gave their lives er, eaeh year the Veterans of Foreign impossible. and do it with eagerness. that that n a tion might be free, and grow, and Wars of the United States and its Ladies America is the foundation of my Uberty. prosper-a flag that speaks of valor, and dedi­ Auxiliary conduct a Voice of Democracy I depend upon her for freedom, justice, and cation, and unselfish devotion-a flag that contest with five national scholarships peace. God forbid that the day should come has been hallowed and consecrated a thou­ being awarded as top prizes. I insert in when "Old Glory" no longer waves proudly sand times ever by the blood of martyrs and in the breeze. For on that day my spirit patriots-a flag that has seen kingdoms fall the REcoRD the winning speech from the w111 have been vandalized and my heart State of Tennessee as delivered by Jeff­ and empires topple, but which still waves assaulted. over a nation that, for 200 years, has been a ery B. Lockman, a 12th grade student at America: A dream built by men, a reality bastion of freedom and democracy, a shining Hixson High School, Hixson, Tenn.: of today, a hope for tomorrow. For 200 years example for the people of the world. WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME she has stood firm, and with God's help, But, perhaps most of all, America is a always wm. The question is asked: What does America heritage; a heritage of ideas and thoughts mean to me? This is a question that I can­ and concepts, of great men and great deeds, not avoid. Today it seems that a man must of remembrances of things past and promises have a reason to do the things he does. So WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME of things to be--challenges and goals and why America? Why not live in another coun­ aspirations fulfilled, and others yet to be. try? To say that I like it here would be flip­ America to me is-all of these things, but pant, for I have never traveled outside this HON. JERRY HUCKABY much more. It is an intangible thing that country's boundaries. To say that just be­ OF LOUISIANA defiles description, a spirit shared by Ameri­ cause I was born here, I therefore ought to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cans everywhere, a part of their birthright, stay would be blind duty. To say that I do their heritage--a part of them. not know what America means to me would Tuesday, March 1, 1977 Perhaps it is best termed a covenant--a show me to have a passive attitude about Mr. HUCKABY. Mr. Speaker, I com­ covenant with the generations, with the my country and therefore, render me prey to ages . . . a sacred trust of the peoples who seemingly logical ideas which actually seek mend to my colleagues an inspirational inhabit this land . . . a promise to their to obliterat e the basic principles on which essay on "What America Means to Me," children that this nation shall continue to this coun try was founded. by Philip Michael Kinkaid of Oak Grove, grow and prosper and remain "the land of the To me, America does not mean simply a La. free and the home of the brave." well formed government; it is not pubUc This essay, which displays an excellent buildings where laws are made and judged; appreciation of the accomplishments and it is not advanced communications systems potential of the United States, was which link one ocean with another. Although these things have helped make America judged the best Louisiana entry in the Voice of Democracy scholarship program CUBAN POLITICAL PRISONER great, they are not America. To me, America HUBER MATOS SHOULD BE FREED means people. . . . People who are bound sponsored by the Veterans of Foreign together by the same ideas and principles Wars. which have existed in the mind of man for The essay follows: centuries.... Principles for which men have WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME HON. LARRY McDONALD fought and died, and 1! necessary, will con­ OF GEORGIA tinue to fight and die. (By Ph111p Michael Kinkaid) What are these principles? What causes America-at the threshold of her third IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bind human beings together and enable them century! Tuesday, March 1, 1977 to throw off oppressive systems of govern­ Those words convey promise, hope, dreams ment and carve out of an unexplored wilder­ to be fulfilled, a better future, a better way Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, last ness, a nation that is so graat that it ranks of llfe. They signal the start of something month I circulated a "Dear Colleague" among the greatest of all time? One of these new-the beginning of an era, a time to look letter on behalf of Huber Matos, a true causes is justice ... not justice that is dis­ forward to with anticipation and hope and political prisoner in Cuba. Today, I am torted by prejudice, hate, and greed; but celebration ... but they also speak of some- sending this letter, on behalf of Matos, CXXIII--364-Part 5 5780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 together with 100 signatures of Mem­ Robert W. Daniel, Jr., G. V. Montgomery, had 1.7 million fewer popular votes than bers of the House to Fidel Castro. Jim Lloyd, Gene Snyder, Keith G. Jimmy Carter. Had this occurred--especially As some Members may recall, the Gov­ Sebelius, John H. Rousselot, Tennyson as a result of a "deliberate shopping !or Guyer, Jack F. Kemp, William M. Ket­ electoral votes" which was at least con­ ernment of Chile, in November 1976, chum, James G. Martin, Richard Kelly, templated according to testimony by Sena­ made an offer to exchange the Russian George Hansen, Harold Runnels, tor Dole before this Subcommittee ten days dissident Vladimir Bukovsky for Luis Thomas N. Kindness, Margaret M. ago--the legitimacy of our political system Corvalan, secretary general of the Com­ Heckler, Gladys Noon Spellman, Clif­ could very well have been irreparably munist Party of Chile, who was then in ford Allen, Joe Skubitz, Ph111p M. damaged. prison. This offer was accepted by the Crane, Tim Lee Carter, W. R. Poage, Despite this close call, the third such since Soviet Union and Corvalan, looking none Samuel S. Stratton, Tom Hagedorn, 1960 caused in part by the efforts of minor the worse for his experience, arrived to and David C. Treen. party candidates to exploit the potentialities Carroll Hubbard, Jr., Gillis W. Long, for mischief in the electoral college system, be wined and dined in Moscow ever since. Richard Nolan, Jerome A. Ambro, the general public does not seem nearly as Bukovsky arrived pale and worn from James R. Jones, Bob Stump. Charles aroused about the danger as eight years ago. his incarcerations. And, after a short Whitley, Charles J. Carney, David E. To some extent this may have resulted from recuperation period he is now in the Satterfield, Omar Burleson, J. Ken­ di.trerential perceptions of the threat in 1968 United States where he recently testified neth Robinson, George M. O'Brien, and in 1976. The possib111ty that George Wal­ before a House committee. William A. Steiger, Virginia Smith, lace might throw the election into the House In the same offer, the Government of Larry Pressler, Clair W. Burgener, Del of Representatives or even determine which Chile offered to exchange the Chilean Clawson, Larry Winn, Jr., and Charles major party candidate won in 1968 stimu­ Thone. lated a much greater outpouring of books, Communist Party leader, Jorge Montes, John D. Dingell, Robert E. Badham, El­ articles, and commentary in the mass media for the Cuban prisoner, Huber Matos. don Rudd, Berkley Bedell, Norman Y. than the likelihood that Gene McCarthy Fidel Castro has never responded to this 1\llneta, Bo Ginn, Dale E. Klldee, Philip might help deny election to the winner of offer. By means of the letter being sent R. Sharp, David R. Bowen, Barbara the popular vote in 1976. More importantly, today, it is hoped he will be prodded into Jordan, Henry J. Hyde, Paul Findley, part of this indi.fference may derive from reacting. In my view, this should be the Walter Flowers, Thad Cochran, Samuel vigorous efforts made since 1969 to impugn litmus test of his intentions. Many per­ L. Devine, PaulS. Trible, Jr., James H. direct popular election of the President, the sons are suggesting that we now "normal­ Quillen, Bud Shuster, and Elliott H. only alternative to the present system that Levitas. would ensure victory to the popular vote ize" our relations with Communist Cuba. winner. Huber Matos was Castro's military com­ There are numerous fallacies in the prin­ mander in Camaguey Province and per­ cipal arguments advanced by participants haps one of his ablest o:fficers. His only THE DIRECT POPULAR ELECTION in this endeavor. Frequently they have in­ sin was to speak out against the commu­ OF THE PRESIDENT dulged in transparent projection, attribut­ nization of Cuba. Matos has been in jail ing defects of the electoral college system to since 1959 and is, reportedly, in very the direct popular election process. An ex­ poor health. Therefore, if Castro will re­ HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN cellent example of this is their contention lease Matos, then there may be hope of that direct election would encourage voting OF INDIANA fraud and necessitate time-consuming and his releasing the Americans he holds in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES costly recounts. Quite the contrary, the temp­ prison. These number 25, 8 of whom are tation and likelihood of success for such considered political prisoners. Time will Tuesday. March 1, 1977 fraud is much greater under the present tell. Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, in the system where stealing but a few thousand The letter and a list of the signers last 20 years it has become increasingly votes in a state or two could suffice to throw follow: evident that reform of the electoral a large enough bloc of electoral votes to de­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, termine the outcome. For instance, in 1976, Washington, D .C., February 28, 1977. college is needed. The direct popular it would have been much easier to record President FIDEL CASTRO, election of the President is long over­ fraudulently less than ten thousand votes Havana, Cuba due. In 1948, 1968, and 1976, third in Hawaii and Ohio than to steal the 1.7 Dear Mr. President: Since November of party candidates threatened to throw million votes necessary to reverse the na­ last year, you have had a standing offer the election into the House of Repre­ tionwide popular verdict. Under direct pop­ from the Government of Chile to exchange sentatives. ular election, votes would still be tabulated Chilean Communist Party leader, Mr. Jorge In supporting Senate Joint Resolu­ and reported on a state-by-state basis. Hence, Montes, for Mr. Huber Matos, one of the tion 1, Prof. Kenneth Kofmehl, a dis­ any accusations of fraudulent behavior in men who used to be a trusted Lieutenant particular counties could just as readily be of yours. tinguished scholar of political science checked by localized recounts as now. It appears that his only sin and the only at Purdue University, recently testified An even more flagrant example of such reason he is stlll in prison is that he ob­ before the Senate Judiciary Sub'commit­ projection is their argument that the elec­ jected to communizing Cuba. It would seem tee on Constitutional Amendments. For toral college is a bulwark of our two-party to the undersigned that he has paid !or the benefit of my colleagues, I request system and that instituting a direct popular that sin, 1! indeed that is a crime, and in that Professor Kofmehl's thought­ vote for President would encourage its dis­ the name of humanitarianism, he should provoking testimony be reprinted in the integration. Examination of presidential elec­ now be released. tions since World War ll indicates that is RECORD. It Your serious attention to this letter and is as follows: not true. Starting with the splinter parties of the Chilean offer are earnestly solicited. STATEMENT OF KENNETH KOFMEHL, PROFESSOR Strom Thurmond and Henry Wallace in the Sincerely, OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, PuRDUE UNIVERSITY 1948 compaign and continuing with slates of Larry P. McDonald, James M. Collins, It is indeed a privilege to participate in unpledged electors in 1960, George Wallace's Robert J. Lagomarsino, Parren J. your hearings on presidential election reform. party in 1968, and Gene McCarthy's inde­ Mitchell, Stephen L. Neal, Edward J. This undertaking, in my opinion, is even pendent presidential candidacy in 1976, there Derwinski, Herman Badillo, Patricia more important now than previously because has been a succession of serious efforts to Schroeder, Thomas J. Downey, Rich­ the consequences of a misfire in the electoral throw the election into the House or to cause ard L. Ottinger, Ken Holland, Robin college could be more damaging now than the outcome of the major party contests L. Beard, Blll Lee Evans, Richard H. in times past and because there appears to be different than they otherwise would I chord. to be less widespread public concern about have been. The electoral college system in­ Dan Daniel, Stephen J. Solarz, Jack this danger than in 1969-70 when Congress vites such fragmentation because a ra;ther Brinkley, W. Henson Moore, Marjorie last dealt with the problem. small minor party that is geographically S. Holt, Robert E. Bauman, Mickey Ed­ In recent years, the resignations of a Vice concentrated can harvest a significant num­ wards, Robert K. Dornan, Millicent President and President in disgrace, other ber of electoral votes. Fenwick, Floyd J. Fithian, W. G. revelations of corruption in high office, and In 1948 with but 2.4 per cent of the pop­ Hefner, Marilyn Lloyd, John M. Ash­ growing public frustration with apparent ular vote, Strom Thurmond won 39 elec­ brook, Bob Carr, Joe D. Waggonner, Jr., unresponsiveness of government have se­ toral votes. A shift of less than 9,000 votes Bill Nichols, Harold E. Ford, Charles E. riously shaken faith in our public insti­ in California and 17,000 in Dllnois would Grassley, Steven D. Symms, Gene Tay­ tutions. As many have observed, a shift of have denied either major party candidate a lor, William Dickinson, Floyd Spence, less than 3,687 popular votes in Hawaii and majority of the electoral votes. In 1968 with G. William Whitehurst, and Carlos 5,559 in Ohio would have given a majority 13.5 per cent of the popular vote, George Moorhead. of the electoral votes to Gerald Ford, who Wallace garnered 46 electoral votes. I! there March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5781 had been a total change of less than 42,000 Solicitude for minority interests should the Internal Revenue Service's response votes in Alaska, New Jersey, and Missouri, be adequately achieved by the dynamics of to recommendations made by the GAO Nixon would not have had a majority in the building majorities. In most cases, there is and the Administrative Conference con­ electoral college. In neither of these elections no preexisting majority, but one has to be was the minor party popular vote large aggregated. On any issue, opposing sides try cerning IRS audit procedures. enough to deny both major party candidates to attract a sumcient number of minority The morning hearing will begin at a 40 per cent pluraltty no matter how close groupings to constitute a maJority. In this 8:30 a.m. on Friday, March 4, 1977, in the race between them. endeavor, special attention is devoted to co­ the Ways and Means Committee hear­ In 1976 Gene McCarthy would have had hesive minorities whatever their composi­ ing room on the first floor of the Long­ to receive over three times the 751,728 votes tion-ethnic, religious, or other. worth House Office Building. Witnesses he got (which was less than 1 percent of the Time and space do not permit complete ex­ will include the Assistant Commissioner total) all at Carter's expense to be able to position of all the false premises in argu­ reverse the popular vote decision. Yet by ments advanced by opponents of direct pop­ for Compliance and the Chief of taking a total of only 23,182 more votes in ular election for the President. Also, in clos­ the Audit Division . Ohio and Wisconsin from Carter, McCarthy ing, I would like to accentuate the positive would have ensured Ford a majority of the and shift from rebutting criticisms to stress­ electoral votes. ing virtues of this reform. Its adoption Under direct popular election of the Presi­ should impart new vitality to our entire THESENATESHOULDNOTCON~ dent, the factor many polltical scientists be­ political system. For many years, there has PAUL WARNKE lleve 1s primarily responsible for maintaining been concern about the large percentage of our two-party system would remain in full chronic nonvoters in the U.S. electorate. It force: election of the chief executive and 1s much higher than in other Western de­ HON. LARRY McDONALD members of Congress by plurality votes from mocracies. A contributing factor has been a OF GEORGIA single member districts. Moreover, this ls re­ sense of futlllty among members of the op­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inforced by the federal campaign reform act, position in states dominated by one party. which favors the two major parties in its At present, their votes for a presidential Tuesday, March 1, 1977 provisions for public financing of elections; candidate are discarded at an intermediate state laws that prohibit dual nominations; stage in calculating the electoral votes. With Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the the organization of Congress by the two ma­ the advent of direct popular election, votes Senate vote on the nomination of Paul jor parties; and numerous other considera­ wherever cast would count in the totals. Be­ Warnke to be head of the Disarmament tions. sides helping overcome individual voter Agency and U.S. Representative to the A plausible argument advanced by oppo­ apathy, this should stimulate each major SALT talks is expected to take place nents of direct popular election is that the party to extend its efforts into the strong­ some time next week. There is strong op­ electoral college system affords vital protec­ holds of the other. The resultant spread of tion for disadvantaged minorities. In fact, position in the Senate to his confirma­ competitiveness between the major parties If there was substantial validity in it as applled into all parts of the country should signifi­ tion. Warnke does not get at least two­ to one such minority-blacks-until a few cantly strengthen our two-party system. thirds of the Senate vote this would be years ago. When blacks wer extensively dis· Direct election of the President would un­ an indication that the Senate might not enfranchised in Southern states, there was dergird the vital separation of powers fea­ ratify the kind of SALT agreement that justification for the extra voting power en­ ture of our political system. According to Warnke would negotiate. jQYed by blacks located in large pivotal non­ James Madison in The Federalist Papers, sep­ On February 28, 1977, I presented a Southern states as a necessary compensation. aration of powers involves not only setting In the 1950's less than a quarter of the statement to the Senate Armed Services up separate branches of government but also Committee in opposition to the Warnke blacks in Southern states were exercising having them responsive to different constit­ their franchise. Even by 1960, the proportion uencies; that is, the people voting in dUfer­ nomination. The main points that I made of voting age nonwhites registered to vote in ent combinations. Direct popular election were: Mississippi was a mere 6.1 per cent; in Ala­ accords closely with this principle. The Presi­ First. There is a serious possibility of bama, 13.7 per cent; in Virginia, 23 per cent; dent would be elected, as many now believe conflict of interest in Warnke's service and the average for eleven Southern states him to be, from a nationwide constituency; as a registered agent of the Government was only 26.5 per cent. Now, however, suc­ Senators, on a statewide basts; the Repre­ of Algeria in 1975 when he testified be­ cessful implementation of the civil rights sentatives from districts. In this connection, laws of 1960 and 1964 and the Voting Rights fore the Senate Foreign Relations Com­ at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, to Act of 1965 has dramatically altered the sit­ James Madison, James Wilson, Gouverneur mittee in opposition American com­ uation. In the eleven states of the old Con­ Morris, and several other prominent Found­ mitments regarding the Sinai disengage­ federacy, the number of registered black ing Fathers expressed the view that direct ment of Israeli and Egyptian forces. Al­ voters jumped by 750,000 between 1962 and election of the President by the people would geria opposed the position of Egypt and 1964. And 938,000 more blacks were added to be the best method. It did not prevail then other moderate Arab States. Warnke did the registration rolls in the next four years. primarily because of conditions that have not indicate to the committee that he Expressed in percentages, by 1964, the pro­ long since ceased to exist. portion of voting age blacks reported to be was registered as an agent of Algeria For these reasons, which are only a few and was not simply an American citizen registered in these eleven Southern states of the more salient that could be cited, I averaged 43.3 per cent and by 1968 had risen strongly urge this Subcommittee to report expressing his views. to 62 per cent. The gains in the states which out favorably S.J. Res. 1 "proposing an Second. Warnke has been given con­ had been most successful in keeping blacks amendment to the Constitution to provide siderable propaganda support by the So­ from the polls were even more spectacular. for the direct popular election of the Presi­ viet Union, other Communist govern­ Between 1964 and 1968, the proportion of dent and Vice President of the United voting age blacks registered to vote in Ala­ ments, and the Communist Party, U.S.A. States." In my opinion, it is best of the pro­ bama increased from 23 per cent to 56.7 per in an attempt to aid him in his desire to cent and in Mississippi from only 6.7 per posals currently under consideration and be confirmed. It does not seem sensible cent to 59.4 per cent. And of those who were deserves approval in its present form. to me to have as our representative in registered to vote in the South, a slightly negotiations with the Communists, a per­ higher proportion of blacks than of whites son who is so conciliatory toward them. reported that they had voted in 1968. South­ In contract negotiations neither labor ern blacks maintained this level of turnout CHAIRMAN SAM M. GffiBONS AN­ in the November 1972 election.1 And the po­ NOUNCES OVERSIGHT SUBCOM­ nor management would send in a nego­ tency of black votes in Southern states was MITTEE HEARING ON IRS AUDIT tiator so susceptible to the other sides resoundingly demonstrated in the 1976 pres­ PROCEDURES arguments. The last thing we need are idential election. Hence, this argument no "sweetheart contracts" with the Soviet longer applies with much force to blacks. Union to the detriment of the American HON. SAM GIBBONS people. 1 Congressional Quarterly, Revolution in OF FLORmA Third. Warnke showed a lack of con­ Civil Bights, 4th ed. (June, 1968), pp. 114- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cern for the protection of highly classi­ 115; ibid., Weekly Report, XXVI, No. 44 (Nov. fied documents. It was "his" copy of the 1, 1968), p. 3058; U.S. Bureau of the Census, Tuesday, March 1, 1977 current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. Pentagon Papers that were stolen by 192, "Voting and Registration in the Elec­ Mr. GIDBONS. Mr. Speaker, as chair· Daniel Ellsburg. Warnke had placed tion of November 1968," (1969); ibid., No. man of the Ways and Means Oversight them in the P<>Ssession of the Rand Corp. 253, "Voting and Registration in the Election Subcommittee, I announce a hearing for no apparent reason other than that of November 1972," (1973). scheduled for March 4, 1977, to obtain since he was leaving the Government he 5782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 took with him classified documents that have seemed to want to catch out the future of the government o! Algeria. As you know he might find a use for in the future. U.S. representative ... in some kind of sin." Algeria has played a major role in support of Theodore Sorensen's problem with the Izvestiya continues: international terrorist activities, particularly "Using the methods of tattletales and those on behalf of the Palestinian cause. Senate stemmed from the same concept. slanderers which were recently employed in On October 6, 1975, Warnke appeared be­ Fourth. Warnke remains a member of the struggle against the candidacy of T. Sor­ fore the Senate Foreign Relations Committee the advisory board of the Center for De­ ensen, who had been nominated by Carter for to testify in opposition to American commit­ fense Information, a group which has the CIA directorship . . . ments to establish an early warning systett consistently opposed development of "The 'hawks' also recall that during the in the Sinal. As a result of those commit­ American defense systems and support Vietnam War Warnke called for a curtail­ ments both Egypt and Israel disengaged their for countries facing Communist aggres­ ment of hostUities and a halt to the bomb­ forces and substantially reduced tensions. ing of North Vietnam. He is also blamed for Warnke said in his prepared statement, sion and subversion. "I think it is essential that the Congress As criticizing the excessive growth of military Fifth. has been pointed out many expenditure. not create any misunderstanding as to the times, Warnke himself has been a con­ "On the eve of the Foreign Relations Com­ price the United States wlll pay for future sistent opponent of the development of mittee hearings the Senate Democratic leader progress toward peace in the Middle East. The defensive weapons systems for the United B. Byrd admitted that there were 'problems' current Sinai disengagement agreement, States. with the Warnke nomination. In violation of though important, is nonetheless only a small The following is the text of my state­ established practice members of the Senate step toward a final solution. There remain ment to the Senate Armed Services Com­ Armed Services Committee demanded that virtually untouched the even more vexing mittee: Warnke be interrogated ... questions as to the Golan Heights, Pales­ "All this led to the supercharging o! the tinian rights and the status of the holy TESTIMONY OF REPRESENTATIVE LARRY P. Mc­ places in Jerusalem. We should not under DONALD BEFORE THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES tense atmosphere on Capitol Hill. However, President Carter announced that he had these circumstances, obligate ourselves to COMMITTEE, FEBRUARY 28, 1977, CONFIRMA­ pay vastly and indefinitely for this relative­ TION HEARING OF PAUL C. WARNKE complete faith in Warnke and considered his appointment of extreme importance for the ly minor concession on the part of Israel and Mr. Chairman, Members of the Senate adminlstra tion." of Egypt." (Hearing, Early Warning Sys­ Armed Services Committee, thank you for tem Sinal, p. 55) By February 16th Tim Wheeler, Washing­ He further urged limitation of American this opportunity to testify on the Paul ton correspondent for the Daily World, a na­ Warnke controversy. armaments to the Middle East without dis­ tional otncial of the CPUSA and a leading cussing the Soviet role in accelerating the Other witnesses have already amply docu­ member of that party in Maryland, reported mented Mr Warnke's long advocacy of uni­ Middle East arms race. Many Americans in­ lateral disarmament. It is clear from the evi­ in hysterically inaccurate terms on the ac­ cluding myself may agree with most or all dence that Paul Warnke is opposed to our tivities of those opposing Mr. Warnke. Mr. of Mr. Warnke's position on the Middle East. development of defensive weapons systems, Wheeler referred to "thick packets of hate However, on March 26, 1975, Paul Warnke now as in the past, he is prepared to leave literature smearing Paul C. Warnke on the signed a foreign agents registration statement us in a weakened condition in the face of eve of the Senate vote ..."which were dis­ submitted to the United States Department an increasing Soviet conventional and nu­ tributed "to news media bureaus in the Na­ of Justice in which he registered as a paid clear threat. This remains true in spite of tional Press Building." agent of the government of Algeria in his the hedging and equivocation which he has I have seen that packet which consisted ca:>aclty as a general partner in the law firm indulged in, while trying to obtain Senate primarily of quotes from Mr. Warnke's writ­ of Clifford, Warnke, Glass, Mcilwain & confirmation. ings. I do not believe that Warnke's state­ Finney. In October of 1975, while he was Mr. Warnke remains on the advisory board ments can be characterized as hate literature testifying before the Senate Foreign Relations of the Center for Defense Information (CDI). except in the sense that he appears to hate Committee, he made no mention o! the !act While Mr. Warnke has been on the board, any weapons system necessary to our na tiona! that he was the registered agent of and a CDI has pressed for drastic reductions in defense. recipient of funds from a government that our commitment to NATO, closing down our On February 17th the ultra-left attracted has played an extremely disruptive role in bases in Spain, the Ph111ppines, and the some respectable support around the Warnke the area under discussion by the committee, Caribbean; ceasing development of new de­ issue. On that date, the aged former governor a government using Soviet arms to support fense systems, particularly the cruise missile, of New York, Averill Harriman, was per­ terrorism and increase tension in the Middle the B-1 bomber, and the Trident submarine. suaded to join with Richard Barnet of the East. CDI has also advocated an end to American Institute for Polley Studies, a Washington­ I believe, Mr. Chairman, that Mr. Warnke aid and defense commitments to any friend­ based Marxist think-tank, in attacking those should be thoroughly questioned about the ly, non-Communist country whose civil­ who dared to oppose the Warnke nomination. possible conflict of interest in this matter. liberties standards are not as high as might Mr. Barnet has a long record in seeking to Another matter of great importance has be desired. However, at the same time, CDI destroy our defense capab111ty. He is a found­ been Mr. Warnke's lack of concern for the has supported recognition of the new Com­ er and co-director of the Instlute for Polley protection of highly classified documents. Mr. munist regimes in Southeast Asia and Africa Studies in the early 1960s. Barnet was the Warnke has admitted that it was "his" copy which do not offer a shred of civil Uberties. deputy director for political research of the of the Pentagon Papers which was stolen by To such regimes, we are supposed to extend U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; Daniel Ellsberg and which was in Soviet trade credits and other benefits. an activist with the Lawyers Committee on hands prior to the New York Times publica­ As more and more evidence has been pre­ American Polley toward Vietnam formed by tion. sented, exposing the threat Mr. Warnke's several "Old Left" members of the National Although Mr. Warnke maintains that the views and attitudes pose to our national Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, a security precautions were adequate, he did security, attacks from the Soviet bloc and Communist Party, U.S.A. from, Barnet tra­ not explain why it was necessary to place a their supporters in our country on those who veled to Hanoi for the Lawyers Committee in set of the documents in the custody of the are responsibly debating this nomination 1969 where Hanoi Radio quoted him as say­ Rand Corporation in the .first place. A copy increased. ing, "the message we would bring back with was available at the Pentagon to anyone with On February 8th an otncial Hungarian us is the message that the Vietnamese will the proper authorization to examine it. radio station, broadcasting in English (Buda­ continue to fight against the aggressors, the According to Mr. Warnke's answer to Senator pest, MTI, 1000, GMT, 8 Feb. 77) said of the same aggressors that we will continue to Church at the February 8, 1977, hearing of proceedings of our United States Senate, fight in our own country .. .'' Barnet has the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he "The hunt is going on for Warnke now but been working closely with Admiral LaRocque placed the documents in the custody of the they want to 'kill' a much bigger game than of the Center for Defense Information in Rand Corporation, "because of the fact that him: They want to frustrate the very central studies of U.S. atomic capability. I did not have classified storage facilities of idea of the U.S. President's foreign policy, Considerable coverage of this event was my own, and I was putting some of my own the idea which says that an agreement should carried by the Daily World and by Tass. It private papers in that same facility at that be reached with the Soviet Union and an was interesting to note that despite the Daily point." agreement on the quantity at least of stra- World having Mr. Wheeler present at the Warnke was treating these highly classi­ tegic armaments." meeting they were scooped by Tass which fied papers, some of which contained com­ The following day the same radio station carried the story on the 18th with the Daily munications intelligence information and q,uoted the Washington correspondent of the World trailing a day later. other very sensitive material as if they were official Hungarian Communist Party daily According to Tass, Richard Barnet denied his property. It was not long ago that the newspaper, NEPSZABADSAG, as supporting the so-called "Russian menace" and called Senate made clear its lack of confidence in Warnke. absurd "allegations that the USSR is making Theodore Sorensen who had much the same On February 11th Moscow's dally news­ 'plans of aggression' against Western Europe attitude. paper, Izvestiya, in a dispatch from Wash­ and the USA." If Paul Warnke is confirmed by the United ington, characterized hearings of the Senate One matter that has not previously been States Senate it will be a signal to the World Foreign Relations Committee as a "Captious raised is the possible conflict of interest in­ that the United States does not intend tore­ (sic) interrogation in which the Senators volved in Warnke's registration as an agent main militarily strong so that we can de- March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5783 fend both ourselves and our allies. I urge the Resources Committee of the National shortages at home and abroad served to members of the Senate to vote against his Resources Committee, which was trans­ increase the capacity and the industry pros­ confirmation and give the opposite message to mitted to the Congress by President pered, but after 1923 the shortages came to our allies and to the World. an end. Conditions in the industry since Roosevelt in 1939, I ask to insert the then have been characterized by surplus findings and recommendations in the capacity, declining prices, cut-throat compe­ RECORD at this time. tition, and pressure on labor standards. A PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGE ON The material follows: Following 1929, the position of the indus­ ENERGY ENERGY RESOURCES AND NATIONAL POLICY try grew still worse, and Federal regulatory FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS measures have been attempted. The current (By the National Resources Committee, 1939) measure, the Bituminous Coal Act of 1937, is a crystallization of 25 years of investi­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. Coal, oil, natural gas, and water power are gation by the Congress and the Executive the principal sources from which we have OF CALIFORNIA of the problems of coal mining. The act of obtained the fuel and the electric energy for 1937 represents a growing conviction that IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the heat, light, and power essential to our in­ something had to be done. In bringing the Tuesday, March 1, 1977 dustrial civilization. In recent years the con­ coal industry under public regulation, the servation of these great natural resources, United States was repeating the experience Mr. BROWN of California, Mr. Speak­ their orderly development, their readiness in of virtually every other coal-producing er, I take this time to bring to my col­ case of need for the national defense, and the country, although our action was not con­ leagues attention a major Presidential preservation in economic health of the in­ scious imitation; rather it is clearly trace­ energy message which has received far dustries that make them available have be­ able to national origins. The causes under­ too little consideration. come matters of national concern. We have lying this world-wide tendency are in large realized that the abundance provided for part the pressure of surplus coal-mining In this message to Congress the Presi­ our use by nature will not last forever; we dent recommended sweeping policy and capacity. are beginning to realize that the welfare of What we are witnessing in the United legislative changes "necessary to carry millions of our people is bound up in these States is probably the beginning of a con­ forward a broad national program for great industries. tinuing public control, which in some form the prudent utilization and conservation In the past the Federal Government and or other will be a permanent national respon­ of the Nation's energy resources." the States have undertaken various measures sibility. It is therefore of the utmost impor­ The Presidential message described the in order to conserve and to assure the wise tance that we build firmly now so that any problem as follows: use of these resources. In general, however, subsequent modifications of approach can be each of these efforts has been directed toward intelligently made. The possible evolution Our energy resources are not inexhaustible, the problems in a single field: toward the yet we are permitting waste in their use and of American policy toward the coal industry protection of the public interest in the becomes clearer in the light of European ex­ production. In some instances, to achieve ap­ power of fiowing water 1n the Nation's rivers; parent economies today future generations perience. Continental and British control of toward the relief of economic and human coal mining began, like American, with the will be forced to carry the burden of unnec­ distress in the mining of coal; or toward the essarily high costs and to substitute inferior regulation of prices. But there has been a correction of the demoralizing and wasteful clearly defined tendency to supplement price fuels for particular purposes. National pol­ practices ·and conditions in the industries icies concerning these vital resources must control with cooperative marketing asso­ producing oil and natural gas. It is time ciations, or with the allotment of tonnage recognize the availability of all of them; the now to take a larger view, to recognize more location of each with respect to its markets; quotas. fully than has been possible in the past that OIL AND GAS the costs of transporting them; the tech­ each of these energy resources affects the Our proven oil reserves have been esti­ nological developments which will increase others, and that the diversity of problems mated at 15 billion barrels, in comparison the efficiency of their production and use; affecting them and their interlocking rela­ with 1937 consumption of about 1 blllion the use of the lower grade coals; and the re­ tionships require the careful weighing of Yl barrels. Our natural gas reserves have been lationships between the increased use of confiicting interests and points of view. energy and the general economic development estimated recently at from 60 to 100 trillion of the country. COAL cubic feet, in comparison with 1937 produc­ In the past the Federal Government and Our coal reserves have been estimated at tion of somewhat more than 2 trillion cubic the States have undertaken various meas­ approximately 3,000 blllion net tons, more feet. Although discovery has more than kept ures to conserve our beri tage in these re­ than half this total representing low-grade pace with production of these resources, sources. In general, however, each of these bituminous coal and lignite. Total produc­ proven reserves are so small in comparison efforts has been directed toward the problems tion to date has been about 23 billion net with annual consumption that these energy in a single field : Toward the protection of tons, the 1937 output amounting to a little producers must be considered as strictly lim­ the public interest in the power of flowing under one-half billion tons. Almost 70 per­ ited. With the Nation so dependent on liquid water in the Nation's rivers; toward the relief cent of our total reserve lies in the semiarid fuels particularly, it would certainly seem to of economic and human d istress in the min­ plains or in the Rocky Mountains, far from be the part of wisdom to proceed cautiously ing of coal; or toward the correction of centers of population and industry. About in the use of this resource. Yet, today we are demoralizing and wasteful practices and con­ 85 percent of present production is from the depleting our reserves of oil faster than the d itions in the industries producing oil and 30 percent of our reserves east of the Mis­ rest of the world. We must consider the pos­ natural gas. It is time now to take a larger sissippi River. sibility of being first among the on-producing view: To recognize-more fully than has been The coal industry of the United States bas nations to feel the pinch. We must consider possible or perhaps needful in the past-that suffered depression since 1923. This depres­ whether to use more wisely our available each of our great natural resources of energy sion has been more acute in the anthracite supply, to manufacture h igh-cost substitutes, affects the others. than in the bituminous coal industry in re­ or to depend on foreign oil for our motor cent years. As the deposits of anthracite are cars and airplanes, our tractors, and our bat­ Mr. Speaker, few of us would disagree virtually confined to Pennsylvania, the dif­ tleships. After our natural reservoir oil is with these words. They are reasonable ficulties of that industry have commonly exhausted or after the shortage becomes seri­ and reasoned. Unfortunately, it is easier been thought of as a State rather than as a ous. we can turn to oil produced from coal, to propose than it is to implement ana­ national problem. This view may prove to oil-bearing rock or shale, or to alcohol tional energy policy and program. The short-sighted, but thus far experience in from vegetable matter. But these processes Federal regulation---except for the period of make a liquid fuel available only at much reality of this statement is forced upon the World War-has concerned only the bi­ higher costs. Consequently, although we need us when one considers that the Presiden­ tuminous industry. The following discussion, not be alarmed over the possible breakdown tial energy message cited above was therefore. will be limited to bituminous coal. of our motorized civilization, we may well made by Franklin Delano Roosevelt on The problems of the bituminous industry concern ourselves over the higher costs that February 15, 1939. are not new. Tney go back to the sheer we should have to pay after exhaustion of Our newest President has made the abundance of the underground reserves, and natural reservoir oil. to the scattering of titles to those reserves Although the various State systems of re­ establishment of a national energy poli­ stricting production in fiush pools were de­ cy and program a major part of his ad­ among scores of thousands of owners, each of whom naturally has desired to realize veloped for another purpose, in many in­ ministration. For this, I enthusiastically UJX>n his property by sale or development. stances they have made a considerable con­ commend him. It will not be an easy job, This condition early led to the opening of tribution toward conservation. Still the prob­ nor will it proceed without mistakes. The great numbers of mines with a capacity far lem of conservation has not been solved un­ fact that similar goals were expressed by der the present State system of regulating in excess of the national requirements. The production in the oil industry. State legisla­ another President nearly 40 years ago surplus of capacity led to a chronic tendency should humble us all. tion compelling proration of on pools has to overproduction and the resulting chaotic probably resulted in many instances in so­ Mr. Speaker, because of the continued price conditions. During the World War and cial savings, but under the present system relevance of the report by the Energy a few years immediately following, coal of proration, the initiative lies with the 5784 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 States. The Federal Government is unable, The storage and controlled release of water, transportation of oil and gas designed to except by suggestion, to initiate any general which most of the potential water-power sites further the national interest in conservation improvement in production procedure or in involve, requires an integrated policy of mul­ of these resources 1s n. complex problem, and standardized regulation of the industry tiple use for the water resources affected. For that such standards should be developed in ' throughout the country; but if broad con­ the larger basins, an integrated policy of cooperation with the State regulatory agen­ servation measures are to be adopted for the storage and use seems not within the scope cies and the representatives of the industry. oil and gas industry, only the Federal Gov­ of private enteprise, nor within State or It is recommended, therefore, that the Con­ ernment can be expected to initiate them. municipal scope without Federal cooperation. nally Act be extended for such time as may The competitive interests among producers Thus, the amount of practically available be necessary for the framing and enact­ and States are so strong that only the Fed­ water power is very much dependent on the ment of an adequate Federal oil-and-gas eral authority can be relied on to bring forth extent of Federal development. measure. strong conservation measures. The general There are rich possib111ties for the develop­ 3. Water power.-The committee wishes to goal of all Federal-State legislation affecting ment of water power as a joint purpose, in emphasize-as it has in its previous re­ oll and natural gas should be to eliminate combination with other useful purposes to ports-that an active public policy of mul­ waste of these resources and to stretch the which a stream may be adapted or in com­ tiple-purpose development of water re­ life of underground reserves over as long a bination wtih measures to control the stream sources is desirable, particularly in view of period as possible without unduly restricting for other reasons. Historically it 1s true that the pressing character of problems related to the more important uses of the products. there have been water-power developments flood control, public water supply, stream In many States the courts have already which impaired the usefulness of certain pollution, irrigation, and navigation. An ac­ modified the rule of capture so that a land­ streams for other purposes, and certain tive policy of public development of water owner can recover only a certain amount of streams may have been exploited in such power is likewise desirable under certain ap­ oil within a given period. Although the right manner as to foreclose or reduce their future propriate conditions. Both the development of capture has been modified somewhat, it usefulness for power. This Committee has in directly for power purposes, where there is no needs to be completely displaced by a thor­ recent times pointed out that this apparent conflict with more urgent water control, and oughgoing law of ownership in place, which conflict can largely be resolved on many the best teasible use of the head made avail­ would allot to each producer that proportion streams, and especially on great river systems, able by water storage for other purposes of the oil and gas in the common reservoir if our water resources are properly utilized would contribute toward the attainment of which underlies the land he owns or con­ and wisely controlled. three major national objectives, namely: (a) trols. The economic advantages of unit op­ RECOMMENDATIONS conservation o! scarce fuel materials-petro­ eration and scientific management of oil and leum, natural gas, and the higher grade gas pools are so overwhelming and so gen­ The obvious fields of remedy with respect coals; (b) strengthening the national econ­ erally approved by technicians that some to conservation of energy resources seem to omy, through making cheaper electric en­ legal device of providing for their adoption lle ( 1) in promoting greater efficiency in ergy more widely available; (c) strengthen­ and enforcement w111 surely be forthcoming the production of the fuel resources from ing the national defense, through assuring as the threat of exhaustion becomes immi­ the standpoint of recovery; (2) in promot­ an ample supply of electric energy in time of nent. ing greater economy in the use of fuels; and war. WATER POWER ( 3) in placing a larger share of the energy Multiple-purpose plans for stream devel­ The use of water power in the United burden on lower grade fuels and water opment which are aimed at the several im­ States is about as old as the industrial his­ power. To serve these objectives, the follow­ portant purposes, including direct or inci­ tory of the country. It was not until inven­ ing recommendations are advanced: dental power production, should be designed tion of electric energy transmission, however, 1. Coal.-We believe that the problems of and executed in terms of plans for whole that the energy of falling water became avail­ the bituminous-coal industry are too large drainage basins or major sub-basins. Design able anywhere except at the power site. To­ for any one State to solve. The intensity of of the power system in any of the basin de­ day with modern transmission equipment, a interstate competition makes the ills of the velopments should include the best practic­ large hydroelectric plant conceivably might industry a matter of national concern and able interconnection (a) of the several supply electric energy anywhere within a Federal responsibility. Some form of Fed­ plants within a basin system, (b) of neigh­ circular area of 200,000 square miles centered eral regulation of bituminous coal is clearly boring basin systems (within the reach of at the fall, i.e., an area twice as large as the necessary. The particular form of regulation economic transmission) , and (c) of the combined land area of the States of New that has been written into the Bituminous steam capacity built or acquired to balance York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, or con­ Coal Act of 1937 undoubtedly represented capacity. Federal policy should, in general, siderably more than three times the area of the majority opinion within the industry as embrace eventual merging of private water­ all the New England States combined. the best approach to the problem, but_ a power plants into the system covered by any As a source of energy, water power affects judgment on the effectiYeness of the meas:.. basin plan. and is affected by the available mineral fuels, ure must be withheld until the act has be­ Transmission of electric energy is in many but it differs from them in that it is not re­ come fully operative. Every opportunity social and economic essentials closely akin to duced by use. Water power, in sharp contrast should be provided for conclusive experi­ transportation of commodities. Particularly with the mineral fuels, 1s an energy resource ment with the system of controls which the as the economic limits of transmission are that renews itself. Our country would in­ law requires. It is well to bear in mind that extended, we believe that the national inter­ deed be fortunate in some respects 1f all the although the act 1s limited to 4 years, the est will be served best by coordinated sys­ demands for energy could be met by water problem with which it deals is not short­ tems of interconnections which will make power, but at best our water power resources lived emergency. Whatever modifications the available in wider markets energy derived can supply only a fraction of the Nation's experience gained under the 4 years of life from the most economical sources, regardless energy requirements. It has been estimated, of the present act may suggest, the need of whether they are large-scale hydro plants for example, that all our water power, in­ for public supervision of the coal industry or efficient steam plants. Such coordinated cluding both that developed and that feasi­ will remain permanently. Some means are systems would make the Nation less vulner­ ble of development, could produce energy an­ required for effectively balancing production able to attack in time of war and less vul­ nually equivalent to only about one-fourth against requirements, whether by control of nerable to the emergencies of peace as well of the energy contained in all mineral fuels prices, by control of distribution, or by as better prepared for the continuing prob­ both. A less immediate but more fundamen­ lems of peacetime development. consumed in the country in 1937 for all pur­ tal need is to control the opening of new poses. 4. Research-Both the production and the mines and retard expansion of capacity be­ use of the mineral fuels are accompanied by Even the power requirements of the rela­ yond reasonable requirements. Ade·quate tively near future will make necessary new a large waste of some of the most valuable safeguards must be provided for maintaining resources of the Nation. Naturally, the fuels supplies of energy exceeding the potential labor standards and protecting the rights of output of all the available and feasible un­ that are easiest to obtain and most conven­ consumers by Government supervision of the ient to use are being depleted most rapidly, developed water-power sites in most indus­ system of regulation. trial regions. A relatively small growth in leaving for future generations fules more dif­ 2. Oil and gas.-We propose that a Federal ficult of access, less suited to the uses for the power load, surely to be expected under oil conservation board or commission should anything like normal conditions, will bring which they are required on the basis of pres­ be created within the appropriate Govern­ ent-day values, or lacking in the convenience this to pass in a very few years. For exam­ ment department to administer the Federal ple, the total amount of potential and feasi­ that gives them form value. We believe that interest in the oil-and-gas industry and to the supplies of these high-grade fuels can be ble undeveloped water power within present make necessary rules and regulations con­ economic transmission distance of the larger protected from unnecessary depletion by re­ cerning the production of and commerce in search (a) to promote. greater efficiency in industrial and urban areas in the eastern half oil and gas. It should have the authority to of the country would not supply even their production from the standpoint of the per­ require that oil and gas be extracted by such centage of recovery, (b) to promote a greater present needs for electric energy without the methods as are adequate to avoid waste and aid of fuel. economy in use, and (c) to fill a larger part to protect the interest of all producers draw­ of the demand for energy by the use of lower In spite of this potential demand for water ing from a common reservoir. power, it 1s well to point out that the quan­ grade fuels. It is recognized that the development of tltv of water power that will be available is Both fundamental and applied research greatly dependent on governmental policy. minimum standards for the production and should be stimulated and supported by the March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5785 Federal Government in the agencies con­ which dictate these measures are not the Mrs. Rosalynn Carter, the First Lady, =erned with the energy resources, and this result of passing emergencies. Rather, they was present for this occasion. ~esearch work should be vigorously pointed are continuing problexns, and if they cannot tn the direction of conservation of these be solved by the regulatory approach then we Mr. Speaker, as one who was privileged ~esources, i.e., toward the efficient use of may anticipate with some confidence that to have served on the honorary commit­ mr energy resources in the interest of the there will emerge an insistent and eventually tee for this birthday tribute to Marian :1ational welfare, the avoidance of unneces­ irresistible demand for public ownership and Anderson, I am sure I voice the feelings ;ary waste in their production and utiliza­ control. of my colleagues in the House of Repre­ ;ion, and the safeguarding in economic The paramount responslb1lity of Govern­ sentatives in paying tribute to this ex­ :1ealth of the industries and populations on ment is to protect the general welfare. That traordinary citizen of our country and ;vhich we rely for the development of these way lies safety and a progressive evolution wishing her well. rita! resources. Much of this research func­ of our economy and of our political institu­ ;ion can be discharged only by the Federal tions. No amount of confusing legalistic dis­ Mr. Speaker, I insert at this point in :iovernment, although important parts of cussion of limitation of powers can obscure the RECORD an article from the New York t have been and should be discharged by the reality of the choices before us. To pro­ Times of February 28, 1977, entitled ;he State governments, by educational and tect the general welfare in our time-in an "Marian Anderson Honored at 75 by >ther quasi-public agencies, and by the af­ industralized and urban economy-means, Carnegie Hall Concert": :ected industries. Wherever conducted, how­ above all else, to build and maintain in good MARIAN ANDERSON HONORED AT 75 BY CAR­ ~ver, this basic function of extending the order a sound economic structure. In an NEGIE HALL CONCERT-ROSAL YNN CARTER frontiers of knowledge and application in industrial civilization the energy resources LEADS A HOST OF CELEBRITIES IN TRIBUTE ;his field requires and merits continuing and constitute the foundation of that structure. TO THE FIRST BLACK SOLOIST AT :METROPOLI­ ;igorous stimulation by the Federal Govern­ The broadening of the Federal interest TAN OPERA nent. with respect to these energy resources has 5. Continuous planning.-A widening in­ been justified primarily on the basis of the (By Anna Quindlen) ;erest and responsibility on the part of the need for their conservation, broadly defined Rosalynn Carter, the first lady of America, ~ederal Government for the wise conserva­ to mean their wise use. But it must be made her first official visit away from Wash­ ;ion and uttlization of the Nation's energy observed that the need for conservation is ington, to honor Marian Anderson, the first ·esources raises many perplexing questions but a special case. The general case is that lady of American music, at a gala 75th birth­ >f policy determination. In essence, there Government intervenes with control meas­ day concert for the singer at Carnegie Hall nust be continuous adequate planning and ures when the economic organization last night. >rovision for studies which will refiect the of a segment of the economy is such as not Mrs. Carter carried with her a Congres­ >est technical experience available as well to yield socially desirable results. If the sional resolution lauding the contralto. who i.S full consideration for both regional and economic organization is one of monopoly, two decades ago became the first black soloist ;roup interests. "natural" or contrived, Government inter­ at the Metropolitan Opera for her "untiring Better to provide for continuous planning venes to restrain the exercise of the privi­ and unselfish devotion to the promotion of ~nd studies of policies, we recommend the leges of monopoly; e.g., rate regulation or the arts in this country" during a "distin­ >rganizatlon of an advisory planning group yardstick regulation of electric utilities. If guished and impressive career" spanning ·or the energy resources. This group, how­ the economic organization is such that com­ "more than half a century." ~ver, should comprise only one unit in an petitive conditions and practices produce Mrs. Carter and Miss Anderson sat side-by­ >ver-all planning agency specifically estab­ chroLic depression in the industry and side In a first-tier box during the commemo­ .ished within the Federal Government to demoralizing distress among those dependent rative concert tributes to the singer. ;erve the President and the Congress in an on the Industry, then Government inter­ The evening recalled another occasion on i.dvisory capacity on planning and policy venes to seek correction of those conditions which Miss Anderson was supported by a natters for all our national resources. Mem­ and practices; e.g., regulation of the President's wife. That was, of course, in 1939, >ers of such an energy resources planning bituminous coal industry. If the economic when the already renowned black singer was ~roup should include representatives from organization is such as to result in grave banned from Constitution Hall in Washina­ ;he Federal and State agencies concerned, waste of irreplaceable and distinctly limited ton by the Daughters of the American Rev~­ :rom the industries, and outside experts. The resources, then Government may and should lution and when Eleanor Roosevelt resigned >rganization of such an advisory planning intervene to protect the public interest in her membership in the organization in pro­ ~oup would not mean the abolishing of the conserving the supplies of those resources; test. :>Ianning functions now carried on by exist­ e.g., the case for the deterxnination and en­ Miss Anderson went on that year to mes­ .ng agencies. To the contrary, planning ex­ forcement of minimum Federal standards in merize 75,000 people at an outdoor concert at isting agencies would have to be encouraged the production and transportation of petro­ the Lincoln Memorial with some of the same i.nd strengthened; for without it the over-all leum and natural gas. songs that were performed in her honor last >Ianning group would be left without back­ It is not likely that backward steps will night. ~round, experience, and technical assistance. be taken; it is not likely that we shall retreat RECEIVES SEVERAL AWARDS CONCLUSION from the social and econoxnic advances made in the domain of the energy resources. Although Miss Anderson, who now lives We have pointed out earlier in this state­ Rather, It is likely that we shall press on quietly in Danbury, Conn., never sang a note nent that it is now time to take a larger toward the objective of the general welfare. at last night's concert, her career, her in­ Tiew; to recognize that each of our great terests and her accomplishments took center :1atural resources of energy affects the others. stage during the evening. 3ituminous coal, petroleum, natural gas, an­ She was given the United Nations Peace ;hracite coal, and water power-in descend­ Prize, recalling her tenure as a delegate to ng order of relative contribution to the Na­ MARIAN ANDERSON HONORED AT the United Nations, by Henry Labouisse, the ;ion's energy supply-these are the energy 75 BY CARNEGIE HALL CONCERT executive director of the United Nations :oundatlons of our industrial civilization. A Children's Fund, who was introduced by J. ;>alley for any one of these resources is bound McClain Stewart, the president of Young ;o affect its relative position with respect to Audiences, one of Miss Anderson's favorite ;he others. . HON. JOHN BRADEMAS interests. The organization, which sponsors It is difficult in the long run, therefore, to OF INDIANA programs in classical music, dance and thea­ mvisage a national coal policy or a national IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ter in public schools, was designated by the >etroleum policy or a national water-power singer as the recipient of all the birthday >Olley without also in time a national policy Tuesday, March 1, 1977 concert proceeds. Urected toward all these energy producers­ Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, one of Miss Anderson was also presented with the ;hat is, a national energy resources policy. Handel Medallion by Mayor Beame for her )uch a broader and integrated policy toward America's greatest living artists is cultural contributions to the city, the coun­ ;he problems of coal, petroleum, natural gas, Marian Anderson, the distinguished con­ try and the world. md water power cannot be evolved over­ tralto, who has moved millions of per­ The songs that highlighted last night's light, for each of those problems is amaz­ sons over the years with her music and program represented selections from a long ngly ·complex and in combination they rep­ who has been an inspiration to many and distinguished career that began in ~esent more than a simple sum of problems. young singers. Philadelphia and has, over the years, in­ Despite the complexity of those problexns, On Sunday, March 27, at Carnegie spired countless young singers. n the national interest we shall have to move One of those singers, Leontyne Price, ended n the direction of solutions. It is well to Hall, a concert was held in celebration the program, which in its blend o! classical ·emember that the present and proposed of the 75th anniversary of Marian An­ and spiritual selections, emulated Miss An­ ~egulatory measures which we have discussed derson as well as to mark the 25th anni­ derson's work, by singing "He's Got the 'redesigned to promote the development of versary of an organization known as Whole World in His Hands." ;he energy resources industries along lines Young Audiences, which sponsors pro- Mignon Dunn, a Metropolltan Opera. per­ ;hat wm be consistent with the broad na­ grams in schools of music, dance, and former and a mezzo-soprano, was accom­ ;ional interest. The problexns of conservation theater. panied by James Levine, the Met's music 5786 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 director, in singing an aria from Verdi's "Un Professor Davis' knowledge and achieve­ translating democratic desires into statutory Ballo in Maschera." That was the opera in ments in the field of administrative law are law. Politicians have a special kind of skill, which Miss Anderson made her Metropolitan well known. For that reason and because the which a democratic government has to rely Opera debut ·in 1955, only 10 years before her issues discussed in his letter or November 24, upon. But I also have respect for profes­ formal retirement. 1976, to you are of great public importance, sional and scientific people, who have an al­ Dorothy Maynor, the 67-year-old black I placed Professor Davis' letter in the Con­ together different kind of skill, which is also soprano whose professional career was gressional Record. Before doing so, I called indispensable. Successful government re­ marked by many of the same roadblocks and asked if you had any objection to the quires both kinds of skllls. Those who have as Anderson's led the Harlem School of the publication of the letter. You advised me the one kind must be careful not to encroach Arts Heritage Society Chorus in a program that you did not have any objection and improperly on the province of those who or spirituals. asked if I would place a response from you have the other kind. Keeping a balance be­ The program also included "Summer­ to Professor Davis in the Record as well. tween the two is both dlmcult and essential. time," from George Gershwin's "Porgy and Accordingly, I am very pleased to again in­ A democratic government is not one in Bess," which was sung by Clamma Dale, sert Professor Davis' letter in the Record which all law is made by a legislative body. who recently played Bess in the revival of together with your response. Our democratic government is one in which the musical. The soprano Shirley Verrett ~incerely, most of the main outlines are made by the sang Dvorak's "Songs My Mother Taught JoHN E. Moss, legislative body, but some of the main out­ Me," another selection that often appeared Chairman, Subcommittee on Over­ lines and nearly all of the details are made in Miss Anderson's repertory. Both were ac­ sight and Investigations. by judges and by administrators. companied by Mr. Levin. As a Congressman, you surely know that CELEBRITIES IN ATTENDANCE NOVEMBER 24, ln6. the reason that Congress does not make all Hon. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS, Other performers included Pinchas Zuker­ our federal law is that it can't. It lacks the man and Walter Trampler, who performed Cannon House Office Building, capacity to do so, as I assume you are aware. Washington, D.C. a violin and viola duet, Mozart's "Duet in G You probably also know that the lack of DEAR CONGRESSMAN LEVIT AS: Thank you capacity does not go merely to the great Major," and the Dance Theater of Harlem, fot' your cordial letter. I share your wish that whose members presented the New York volume of detail that Congress cannot premier of "Adagietto No. Five" to music we could have had opportunity for pursuing handle, but it also goes to the necessary by Mahler. our discussion. If we had time, we could division of functions between politicians and Mrs. Carter, who was expected to fiy home probably think together instead of asserting professional or scientific personnel. after the concert, gave President Carter's opposing conclusions. No one who believes in democratic govern­ birthday wishes to Miss Anderson and in­ You strongly assert in your letter that ment and who knows American government formed her of the Congressional resolution. Congress "is the law-makii.ng body of our doubts that politicians in Congress should The resolution was passed Friday and au­ government." Of course it is. But our govern­ ordinarily determine the main legislative thorizes the Treasury Department to strike ment could not operate if Congress were the policies. Yet the reality tends to be, un­ a gold medal in Miss Anderson's honor. only lawmaker. Most of the law that lawyers fortunately, that even that much is too much Guests scheduled to appear at the concert apply in their law omces is made by courts; for Congress. Even such a large question as included Mayor and Mrs. Beame; Borough main policies are made by legislative bodies; the question during the Nixon administration President Percy E. Sutton of Manhattan and state and federal administrative agencies of whether and when we should have price Mrs. Sutton; Robert Sarnoff, the former make a sizable share of our law. and wage controls was too much for Congress chairman of RCA, and his wife, the opera In our brief oral exchange you denied my to handle; Congress was simply helpless in singer Anna Moffo; Irving Anker, the Chan­ proposition that courts make most of our the face of the problem. That is why it dele­ cellor of New York City's schools; Schuyler law. Several weeks ago, I spoke before the gated the whole question of whether and Chapin, the general manager of the Metro­ Federal Appellate Judges Conference on the when to the President, empowering the politan Opera, and Sir Rudolph Bing, Mr. subject of judicial lawmaking. The heart of President in turn to create an agency to Chapin's predecessor and the man who my presentation was my formulation of five answer even the major questions, as well as brought Miss Anderson to the Met. limits on judicial lawmaking. The 48 judges the detail. Miss Anderson's husband, Orpheus Fisher, of federal courts of appeals assumed that Some questions are better handled by pro­ was to join the First Lady and the singer judges make law. fessional people than by politicians. That is in the first-tier box, where they were to At the meeting where you and I had our a main reason why Congress does not make remain most of the evening. Because of Miss few minutes together, I delivered the key­ all our federal law. And that reason is a very Anderson's poor health, her family doubted note address, in which I built on the foun­ good reason. It is such a good reason that that she would be able to take the stage and dation that nearly all administrative law is our government has always operated on the acknowledge the honors. But family mem­ common law, that is, law made by courts in basis of it. It is such a good reason that every bers said she insisted on going backstage absence of controlling constitutional or stat­ democratic government in world history has after the performance to thank all those utory provision. The 300 lawyers, about two­ always operated on the basis of it. who had appeared. thirds government lawyers, already knew Congressmen are specialists in sensing that nearly all administrative law is judge­ democratic desires and transforming them made law. into legislation. I have a high appreciation A few months ago a book of mine was pub­ for the accomplishments of Congressmen. But lished entitled Administrative Law of the I would not choose a Congressman as such it THE WISDOM OF THE CONGRES­ Seventies. Its 750 pages are devoted entirely I needed a surgical operation. Neither would SIONAL VETO to law changes since 1970. About Illinety-five I choose a Congressman--or all of Congress­ percent of the law changes have come from to decide disputed questions or fact about the courts. You might look at the book and whether X should be ordered to pay damages HON. JOHN E. MOSS see. to Y. For the operation, I want a surgeon; OF CALIFORNIA As to the substantive law that is created by for the damages case, I want a judge. For IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agencies, you might compare its quantity to other problems I want qualified professional the quantity law created by Congress. The people, not elected representatives. And the Tuesday, March 1, 1977 United States Code contains all statutes en­ plain fact is that our governmental system, acted since 1789 that are still in effect; the largely created by Congress, does commit Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased Code of Federal Regulations covers only professional problems to professional people. to again include in the RECORD additional three or four decades. Which lis larger-the When the government has a question of correspondence between my colleague, United States Code, or the Code of Federal nuclear physics, it does not turn the ques­ the gentleman from Georgia, and Prof. Regulations? Do you think that the Code of tion over to architects or lawyers--or to Kenneth Culp Davis regarding this most Federal Regulations does not contain law? elected representatives. important public issue of the appropriate Why does not Congress make the law em­ A growing proportion of problems that gov­ role of the Congress and of the Exec­ bodied in the Code of Federal Regulations? ernment must handle are even less appro­ utive. I think the answer is mighty clear. Don't priate for politicians than questions of nu­ WASHJ:NGTON, D.C., you? clear physics. Many such problems about ad­ February 28, 1977. I asked you, in our brief encounter, whether ministrative rulemaking are so complex that you see any more reason for congressional one of the nation's most talented judges has Hon. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS, veto of adininistration leglslatioJt than for recently complained in an especially astute U.S. House of Representatives, congressional veto of judicial legislation. I article in the University of Pennsylvania Law Cannon House Office Building, hope you wlll answer that question. Your Review that judges are deeply troubled by Washington, D.C. denial that we have judicial legislation is having to determine whether the adminis· DEAR ELLIOTT: Professor Kenneth Culp not a satisfactory answer, because that trative action is arbitrary or capricious, with­ Davis has been a friend and advisor for over answer is contrary to the clear facts that are out having scientific advisers attached to the 20 years. His assistance to the Committees known to all judges and to all lawyers. courts. But judges are struggling with such on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and I have the greatest respect for politicians, problems, doing the best they can, and in Government Operations has been invaluable. who perform the indispensable function of general I think what the judges are doing March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5787 about such problems is pretty good. An in­ ion is that those reasons are clearly unsound joy working over. You and I, of course, agree spiring example, in my opinion, is Ethyl with respect to rules that are based on com­ that Congress is the ultimate federal law­ Corp. v. Environmental Protection Agency, plex findings of fact that are made on an maker under the express terms of the Con­ 541 F .2d 1 ( CADC 1976), just published; the administrative record, where the findings stitution. My experience, after many years as opinions fill 118 pages. have been worked over by appropriate pro­ a practicing attorney, is that the ·"law" law­ I think it would be legitimate for Congress fessional or scientific people and where the yers use in their law omces consists in the through legislation to enact in general terms findings are subject to judicial review. main of statutes and administrative regula­ that the result of the Ethyl decision should Administrative rulemaking has become a tions; of course, as you suggest, often these be the opposite in the future, but I think it mainstay of the American government. May­ have been interpreted in turn by the courts, would be exceeding bad government, as well be we have five times as much today as we and it is in this sense that lawyers do use as unconstitutional, for Congress to change had five years ago. Maybe we will have five the decisions of the courts in arguing cases. either the findings of fact by the EPA or times as much five years from now as we But those court decisions are law only if one the decision of the court. The Constitution have today. No one knows any governmental follows the jurisprudential view that law explicitly forbids Congress to enact a bill of device that might work better than admin­ should be defined as a prophecy of what a attainder, and the principle behind that pro­ istrative rulemaking for putting together court will do With a specific dispute. Court hibition has a rather broad application. the complexities of today's governmental decisions are of a totally different genre than 1 When the factual component of complex tasks with the democratic principle. Con­ legislation, but if you want to call them ( rule-making has been worked over by appro­ gress must and does delegate its legislative "laws", go ahead. Please don't use that mer­ ! priate professional people within an agency, power, because Congress knows of no other ger of word and meaning to obfuscate the i and when findings have been made on the way to get the governmental tasks performed. important debate as to whether the elected t basis of a record that includes the results of The system based on delegation of the power legislators should exercise a veto over the the procedure of notice and written com­ of administrative rulemaking is working rea­ delegated rulema.klng to unelected adminis­ ments, I think it would be atrocious govern­ sonably well, and we are gradually develop­ trators. ment if Congress, on the basis of political ing new ideas for making it work better. Given a court decision in a factual situa­ pressures, were to change the findings. And The idea that a part of Congress, on the tion, that decision is "law", in the sense you it would be even worse government, in my basis of political pressures, should set aside use the word, if a lawyer can predict with opinion, for a part of Congress to do so. professional findings of fact based on a rule­ some certainty that it will be followed in a As we move toward the end of the twen­ making record seems to me to be a threat to later, similar factual situation. One prob­ tieth century and as the tasks undertaken the American System of government, one of lem with that view, it seems to me, is how is by government become more and more diffi­ the most serious threats that have come to a judge, operating within the adversary sys­ cult to handle, because of both their quan­ my attention during my lifetime. It seems to tem with conflicting views of the law pre­ tity their complexity, democratic govern­ me especially dangerous because many in sented by counsel, to predict his own deci­ ment will require a continued delicate bal­ Congress may vote for it in order to gain sion? ance between the democratic or political ele­ advantage for themselves. Repealing it will One other problem presents itself when ment and the professional or scientific ele­ be difficult for the same reason, even if the you call administrative law "common law." ment. We are fortunate that these two main damage it does is devastating. You and I are fully aware that a judicial elements are in pretty good balance. Whether Although I realize that you probably have decision about, say, the CAB has little or no we can keep them in balance is an open the votes, I have not given up hope. Those direct relevance to, say, the FCC. Thus ad­ question. If we fail, our government may who agree with me still have a good many ministrative law is not true common law as move in the direction the government of lines of defens~nough Congressmen may it was historically known in the Anglo­ India is now moving. perceive the need to maintain the proper American legal system. I think you'll agree I think we may !ali. One rather sure way balance between politicians and profession­ with these views, simply because you have to fail is by allowing a portion of Congress als, the new President may veto and induce often written about the inconsistent judicial to decide questions that should be answered the country to understand the dangers to the decisions in administrative law. Your well­ on the basis of an orderly record by profes­ American system of government, the courts known Treaties is ample testimony to that. sional and scientific personnel, with limited may quickly and firmly hold the measure Law, in short, as you define it, has a high review by courts. unconstitutional (as I fully expect), and degree of uncertainty. even if the measure becomes law a later Con­ As to the question about whether courts Your measure, In my opinion, is especially gress may realize the damaging effects and dangerous because it so clearly upsets the make most of our law, I know of no one­ quickly repeal it. and I do not think that you do either-who vital balance between the democratic or po­ Because you are acting in good faith, I litical element and the professional or set­ has quantified the amount-s of law made hope you will give careful consideration to by the various organs of government. In entitle element. the need for maintaining the dellcate bal­ Now, I do not say that Congress should fact, it is likely that most "law" as you de­ ance between the political element and the fine it, is made by petty ofil.cials and ad­ have no control over administrative rule­ professional element in American govern­ making. Congress can always legislate overall ment. ministrative decisions, usually construing or policies, whether or not it has to override a Sincerely yours, applying administrative regulations . .. not specialist agency. Congress also holds the by judges and certainly not by appellate purse strings. Appropriations committees KENNETH CULP DAVIS. judges. know how to influence administrators with Your disagreement with me is in essence respect to their general policy directions, and WASHINGTON, D.C., merely a problem of elementary semantics; agencies usually know how to protect their February 17, 1977. but it has also overtones of considerable jur­ professional or scientific judgments from Prof. KENNETH CULP DAVIS, isprudential interest. I shall try to explain the wrong kind of interference by appropria­ School of Law, University of San Diego, San the difference. tions committees or other committees of Diego, Calif. Of course, courts make law in the sense Congress. The balance is tilted one way or DEAR PROFESSOR DAVIS: This responds to that they settle disputes between litigants; the other at times on limited subjects, but your letter to me dated November 24, 1976, in so doing, no doubt in many cases-how on the whole a rather good balance has usu­ which made its way into the Congressional many, I know not, except that I recall that ally prevailed. Record on February 8, page 3902, by my col­ Cardozo once said that most of the cases Administrative rules often have a factual league, Rep. John Moss, through the efforts, that came to his attention were cut-and­ ingredient, to which a policy judgment is I am told, of Congress Watch, a lobby group, dried admitting of only one result-that job added. To maintain a workable balance, Con­ that came into possession of it. is a creative one. But, and this is important, gress should seldom tnterfere with the fact­ First of all, I think there is nothing more this is lawmaking only for the litigants be­ ual ingredient, but it may properly substi­ useless than bogging down in a mire of aca­ fore the bar of the court. It is, as you know, tute its views as to what the policy judg­ demic semantics about the meaning of a the way in which the common law was de­ ment should be. If your blll were limited word. In this case you take the word "law" veloped historically. The jurisprudential to the policy judgment, and if it did not and use it in a dual sense, meaning both question runs to whether a court has the allow a part of Congress to do what the Con­ legislation and judicial decisions. It is some­ authority under our constitutional system to stitution provides the whole Congress shoUld thing of a sophistry to use a word two ways issue, rather than specific norms for the liti­ do, I would not oppose. (like the Communists use "democratic") to gants before the court, general norms which I object to establishing a system under mean two different things. In my discussion purport to bind people throughout the coun­ which ( 1) findings made by professional or with you I referred to lawmaking as the leg­ try. I think that you, as a legal scholar, wm scientific people may be set aside on the islative function. Judges make law, as any agree with me that this jurisprudential ques­ basis of political pressures, and (2) a part law student knows only in an analogous tion is unsettled in the sense that you or of Congress may make policy without fol­ sense of rendering decisions in cases and no one else can say that anyone not party lowing the constitutional process for enact­ writing opinions about them. That is not to the lawsuit is bound by a given decision. ment or a statute. legislating. (A possible qualification must be entered I understand the reasons in favor of. the 1. The assertions you make on the first here for class actions.) Certainly, no one not bill you are sponsoring, and :r think those page of your letter-that ls, in the first seven a. party to 11t1gation can be held in con­ reasons are sound as they might be applied paragraphs-pose interesting jurtsprudential tempt for not obeying a judicial decree. As to some administrative rules. But my opln- questions which students and professors en- said before, the most that a lawyer can do 5788 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 is to predict that if a. similar case comes power is that of Congress with respect to the are employed in the executive branch. What up, it may, in accordance with principles of way that statutes are administered. In this I am suggesting is something on which I am stare decisis, be decided the same wa.y. As connection, you might refer once again to sure you will agree--that "politics" per­ you know, the law is much too fluid for the review written of your Treatise by the meates all activity and it is idle, perhaps more than tentative prophecies of what practicing Washington lawyer, Howard West- even mischievous, to attempt to make your wood, in the Minnesota Law Review in 1959. dichotomy between decisions of politicians courts will do. You wlll recall that it was A. V. Dicey who Your views have not sufficiently taken into and decisions of experts. In my judgment, it said in his book, Introduction to the Study consideration what Mr. westwood has had would astonish the great bulk of thoughtful of the Law of the Constitution (lOt h ed., to say about the nature of administrative law students of our public administration and of E. Wade ed., 1959), "That a. federal sys­ as lawyers see it; nor, indeed, have you taken administrative law to believe that you hon­ tem ... can flourish only among communi­ into consideration what the highly respected estly think such a. differentiation can be ties imbued with a. legal sp irit and trained .federal Judge Charles wyza.nski said in the made. Surely we have learned enough since to reverence the law is as certain as can be Harvard Law Review in 1944: "Today lawyers Landis wrote his ~k, The Administrative a.ny conclusion of political speculation. Fed­ devote little of their time to considering how Process, in the 1930 s, to realize that the eralism substitutes litigation for legislation, far the courts will allow executives or leg- fervor with which the administrative agency and none but a. law-fearing people will be islators to regulate their clients. They are was created and greeted during that time d t ith hat the executive or has greatly diminished and even disappeared. inclined to regard the decision of a. suit as concerne no w w Surely we realize, as Judge Wright said in equivalent to enactment of a. law." As your legisla~ive branch theoretically can do with- Moss v. C.A .B. in 1970, that at times the former colleague, Professor Philip Kurland, out berng reversed by a court, but with what independent regulatory commission is sub­ has indicated in his book on the Supreme it actually should do if it is to be affirmed servient to the very industry which it was Court, the constitutional legitimacy of the by public opinion. Thus, like those who established to regulate. I am confident that Supreme Court issuing norms of general ap­ themselves wield administrative authority, you agree with me on this, which seems to plication is an unsettled question in our the lawyers who appear before administra- me to be the only tenable intellectual posi­ jurisprudence. Professor Kurland's book tive agencies are most concerned not with tion one can take on the question you raise. delineates some of the jurisprudential prob­ judicial cases but with the technical norms our system of government is not yet a lems in your bald assertion that most law of the subject and the general norms of the technocracy, as you seem to suggest that it is judge-made law and that, presumably, society, that is, both with the histo:y and should be. we do not yet have complete gov­ all people are bound by the judges. grammar of the particular topic and With the ernment by expert. Nor do I think we should You choose in your textbook to define ad­ underlying creed of our society. · · ·" You have, as apparently you do. You call the ministrative law as being "especially the law are, of course, entitled to your opinion; un- Ethyl Corporation case "an inspiring exam­ governing judicial review of administrative der the First Amendment, everyone is en- ple" of administrative law; but to me the action," but surely you must realize that titled to state his views, but while the most that that case suggests is that the the bulk of law as it is applied by admin­ Amendment protects speech it does not re- Court of Appeals doesn't know much about istrative agencies does not consist of what quire that the speech be accurate. From the petroleum nor about the lead content in gaso­ courts have said about the agencies; rather, standpoint, therefore, of a practitioner and line, and accordingly deferred to the pur­ it deals with the substantive issues set out also of a. federal judge, your views run con- ported position of the administrative agency. in administrative rules and regulations, as trary to what practicing lawyers and others I would not call that inspiring. It you be­ well a.s other exercises of power by officials consider to be the nature of administrative lleve, as you repeatedly assert that you do, in the executive branch of government. I law. In short, I believe you are wrong. in the efficacy and necessity of judge-made believe that your definition of administra­ 3. I appreciate your kind words about hav- law, then I would suggest that you bend your tive law is far too narrow and shows a.n ing respect for politicians. After having spent talents to trying to improve the system of astonishing lack of comprehension of how many years in a. law practice, as well as being judge-made law rather than extolling a. con­ government in fact operates. The citizen a. member of the Georgia legislature and now fession of judicial incompetence. who has to obey the law and is imposed upon a Member of the U.S. House of Represents.- 4. As I have indicated previously, I cannot by it, clearly knows that it is that plethora tives, I am cognizant of the problems to agree with you that Congress cannot change of rules and regulations that are the "laws" which you allude .from both ends of the pipe- the result in the Ethyl Corporation case which run his life and not merely "law gov­ line. I have seen them a.s a practicing law- should it decide to do so. It clearly can. There erning judicial review of administrative ac­ yer and I now deal with them as a. Member are too many examples now in the statute tion" . . . most people never get that far of Congress. books of where Congress has changed the or can afford to. You mention the Code' of You make a classic erroneous dichotomy results of statutory interpretations by ad­ Federal Regulation, so I am confldent that when you juxtapose the skills of politicians ministrative agencies and by courts for your you must realize the point that I am mak­ with those of "professional and scientiflc position on the constitutionality of possible ing. If that Code is law, as surely it is, people." surely you are not suggesting that congressional action to be valid. I flnd, fur­ what does that do to your assertion that civil servants in any agency of the public thermore, your statement about a. blll of at­ most administrative law is judge-made? administration are not subject to pressures tainder completely incomprehensible. Surely 2. You ask whether there might be a con­ and influences rather similar to those with you, as a professor of law of some renown, gressional vet o of "judicial legislation." Of which Members of Congress must deal rou- know the history of bills of attainder as course that falls into the trap of begging the tinely. Do you really think administrative well as the judicial application of the con­ question. Since I don't believe that admin­ agencies are not lobbied? Of course they are. stitutional principle against such legislation. istrative rules adopted under delegated au­ Administrative rules promulgated after no- In my opinion, you are, in short, completely thority by Congress 1s the same as "judge­ tice and comment differ little, if at all, from wrong on your assertion about bills of at­ made law," except as you semantically merge statutes; both are products of often intense tainder. Furthermore, I ~hink that while you those meanings under one term, your ques­ bargaining. The article by Dr. Bernard L. are entit led to your belief that it would be tion becomes irrelevant. Nevertheless, surely Diamond, entitled "The Fallacy of the Im- bad government for Congress to "overrule" you are aware of the many statutes which partial Expert," that appeared in the Spring the Ethyl decision, again that is merely your have been passed which "overrule" speciflc 1959 issue of the Archives of Psychodynamics, opinion; and surely you must realize that judicial decisions in matters of statutory in­ is merely one example in the literature which there are numerous lawyers in and out of terpretation. Let me cite two of them: the deals with the question of whether there can Congress as well as students of government Wunderlich Act of the early 1950's, and the be "professional and scientific" decisions, generally who think the contrary. But the Bank Merger Act of the early 1960's. There absent an element of politics. basic question is, if Congress believes that are many others. Should, for example, the When I use the word "politics" I do not the result in the Ethyl case is wrong, then Con gress wish to "overrule" the Ethyl Cor­ employ it in an invidious sense; rather, I use Congress, as the ultimate legislative power poration case you mention in your letter, it it as d id Professor Marver Bernstein in 1961 under our Constitution, certainly ought to be is entirely free to do so under our Constitu­ in an article in Law and Contemporary Prob- able to change the result. tion. In fact, Congress, which delegated the lems. You may recall what he said in that 5. Your views upon the validity of the so­ administrative agency the power to pass article, but permit me to quote a brief por- called congressional veto are, of course, of that regulation, could simply withdraw that tion of it. "The fraternity of political scien- interest. It you read Justice White's concur­ delegated authority. That, you m ust agree, tists and public administration experts has ring opinion in the case of Buckley v. Valeo, would be a form of congressional veto of increasingly accepted the finding that regu- decided last year by the Supreme Court, you judicial decision-making or, as you put it, lation is a political process. 'Politics' ls now will learn that Justice White entertains no of judicial legislation. I trust that that an­ rightly viewed not only as unavoidable, but such doubts as you do about the validity of swers your question. as essential to the formulation of policies the ••one-House veto." There are other law­ No one, to my knowledge, is suggesting that bear some rational relations to economic yers on the ben~h as well as in private prac­ that specific adjudications of courts or ad­ and technological conditions. As one schol- tice and in the law schools who agree with arly study concludes: The mentality which Justice White. Your position on the constitu­ ministrative tribunals in constitutional mat­ disdains 'politics' and strives for a neutral tionality of the congressional veto is of par­ ters be subject to a congressional veto. But and technical perfection rejects the verr, ticular interest because I am sure you realize su rely you wm agree with such respected solvents that would reduce the obstructions. law professors as Walter Gellhorn and Clark By agreeing with Dr. Diamond and Pro- that you cannot cite one case in any court Byse that administrative law is ultimately fessor Bernstein, I do not mean to suggest that buttresses your position. Moreover, I a.~ st atutory law; and further that the ultimate anything improper on the part of those who sure you know the Sibbach case of the 1940 s March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5789 in which the Supreme Court upheld a type in substance must be as important as any wealth. The Federal impact aid to edu­ of congressional veto with respect to federal administrative rule--subject to a one-House cation program is a perfect example of rules of procedure. veto; the Attorney General has said lt is his I believe the Courts wlll ultimately uphold opinion that this type of action is fully con­ this timetorn strategy. School districts the validity of a "one-House" veto by Con­ stitutional. I am sure you remember that in more than 300 congressional districts gress of administrative rules adopted pur­ Presidents, beginning with Franklin R<>ose­ in every State receive funds from this suant to delegated authority. Congress has velt and ending with Richard Nixon, had such source. repeatedly provided for this power over the reorganization powers, and the system worked The large number of congressional dis­ last 50 years (on over 120 different occasions) very well. tricts receiving school funding from this and has frequently exercised a one-House Let me repeat, finally, that your final state­ program can be misleading. The funds veto. But I may be wrong. The SUpreme ment about ''the delicate balance between Court wlll finally resolve this issue. It won't the political element and the professional are by no means uniformly distributed be decided by Congress or even by law pro­ element" mlsconceives the entire nature of and most congressional districts get very fessors. American government and the way in which small amounts~ Consequently, the tax­ There are additional doctrinal considera­ decisions are made in all of the branches. payers of some congressional districts on tions which you should consider. Article I, As I have previously said, you, of course, the receiving end of this program are section 8, clause 18 of the Constitution pro~ have a full First Amendment right to your contributing more than they get and are vides that Congress does have power to make opinion; the fact that you are-<>r I believe subsidizing districts more amuent with all laws necessary and proper to carry into you are-inaccurate does not mean that you Federal employees. execution the powers entrusted by the Con­ are violating the Constitution. stitution to any department or officer of the I have found our interchange of corre­ It seems to me inappropriate and irre­ government. In this connection, the article spondence to be interesting and stimulating. sponsible for the Congress to continue to by Professor William Van Alstyne, appearing I don't know whether further correspondence make payments to school districts based in a recent issue of the Ohio State Law Jour­ on the issue would merely generate more upon the number of local taxpaying Fed­ nal, concerning what he calls the "hori­ heat than light. In any event, I am more eral employees working on Federal zontal effect" of that clause is of interest. Interested in getting on with doing some­ property. Dr. Louis Fisher's book, Presidential Spend­ thing about the problem than talking it to Since The Washington Star serves an ing Power, particularly chapter 4 thereof, is death. also instructive concerning the widespread I trust that this answers your letter. area that benefits substantially from the practice of what is in !act a congressional Very truly yours, school impact aid program, I commend it committee veto (and, of course, approval) ELLIOTT T. LEVITAS, for its editorial on the subject. I hope my of reprogramming of appropriated funds, Member of Congress. colleagues will be as objective as this edi­ decisions made by executive officers. You are torial and cooperate with President probably aware of the recent Pressler case Carter in achieving his aim on school decided by a three-judge court in Washing­ impact aid and that he will use the saving ton which indicates that' the clause does have the operative effect that Professor Van CAN SIX PRESIDENTS BE WRONG? to help balance the Nation's budget. Alstyne suggests it has. And you cannot be The editorial from the Washington unaware of the decision by the Court of Ap­ Star follows: peals in the District of Columbia in Clark v. HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD [From The Washington Star, Feb. 28, 1977] Valeo last month, in which the Court of Ap­ OF MICHIGAN PORKBARRELERS' DREAM peals sitting en bane sent Clark's challenge of the one-House veto back to the District IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President Carter's decision not to fund the Court with orders to dismiss it. Finally, you Tuesday, March 1, 1977 school impact aid program has brought should know that Congress can and does predictable cries of anguish from Congress, condition its delegations of power, subject Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I especially from representatives of the Wash­ only to the doctrine of "unconstitutional want to pay tribute to President Carter ington suburban areas that have been riding conditlons"-which is not applicable with for moving toward eliminating the pork­ that federal gravy train for two decades. respect to the legislative veto. barreling in the school impact aid pro­ Impact aid has been a politically untoucha­ Your views are of course entitled to some gram. Since each of his five predecessors, ble program since it was enacted in the 1950s. Presidents Nixon and Ford tried to end it but attention and respect; but that does not representing both the Democrat and Re­ make them the "laws" or even correct. In my got slapped down by Congress. There's little opinion, as well as in the views of some re­ publican Parties, have tried to achieve reason to believe that President Carter will spected scholars of the governmental proc­ the same objective without success, I am have more success, but it's worth a try. ess, you are wrong on the question of whether not optimistic for his success, but I hope The program benefits schools in more than the congressional veto is unconstitutional. he will be stubbornly determined and 300 congressional districts, in every state. It's I do agree with your implication that of persistent in his effort. After all, he may about as universal a porkbarrel as could be course the Congress must have some means succeed and the accomplishment of this imagined for 435 House members and 100 to deal expeditiously with systematic review objective would compare in importance senators who usually regard it as their first of administrative rulemaking. However, sure­ with most reorganization efforts he may responsibility to see that their districts and ly you realize that a number of states do have offer. states get theirs from the federal government. a system whereby all administrative rules are One part of the impact aid program-the subject to legislative veto; to my knowledge, The Federal impact aid program was smallest part-makes sense. That provides it has not posed an insuperable or even undue initiated during the early 1950's to help federal subsidies to school districts !or public burden on the operations of these state gov­ local school districts that were flooded school students whose parents live on federal ernments. Nor do I think that my bill would with students from military and govern­ property. These parents, who live mainly on pose any such burden upon the federal gov­ ment families who lived on Government military posts, don't pay property taxes to the ernment. We have learned enough about the property but did not contribute to the school districts and it would be unfair to ex­ administrative process to reallze that an ad­ local tax effort. It did not originate as an pect local governments to pick up the tab !or ditional few days' delay in promulgating the their children's education. President Carter usual administrative rule is not going to be educational program, but rather as a would continue that federal aid, as President any burden; the rulemaking process, as form of Federal payment in lieu of taxes Ford would have. doubtless you are already aware, is itself al­ to school districts for public school stu­ But there is no justification for the major ready greatly delayed. Some rules take lit­ dents whose parents lived on Federal portion of the program-the subsidization of erally years to become final in the agencies. property. school districts for children whose parents For anyone to suggest that a few days' or However, the program was expanded live off federal reservations, who pay property weeks' scrutiny by Congress wlll unduly im­ to include children of parents who work, and other loCal taxes just as other home­ pede the operations of government is to but do not live, on Federal property. owners or renters do. speak in fantasy. The only possible reason to provide a fed­ Thus, certain school districts, such as In conclusion, as I indicated above, I think eral subsidy such as this is to make up a fi­ you are incorrect in the expectation that the those in suburban District of Columbia, nancial loss that local governments incur by courts wm "quickly and firmly'' hold my bill with a high concentration of Federal the presence of federal employes. Can anyone unconstitutional; and I think you are com­ workers living on private property are argue that Fairfax, Arlington. Montgomery pletely wron~ in believing that there will be compensated through this program, de- and Arlington Counties suffer a financial loss damaging effects flowing from enactment of spite the fact the families are paying lo­ because of the presence of the federal the b111. I think there wlll be much benefit cal taxes. workers? to the long-suffe:t:ing public. On the contrary, federal civilian workers Other expansions have been made in and military people who own and rent prop­ In this connection I draw your attention the program. The secret of success for to the fact that President Carter is now ask­ erty contribute heavily to the atnuence of any porkbarrel project is to make sure the Washington area. The school impact aid ing for reorganization powers-which surely that enough people get to share in its constitutes a double reward. 5790 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 Under President Carter's plan, the total emphasized the need for measures to Public land which has remained roadless subsidy for area jurisdictions would drop restore public confidence in Government. and undeveloped through no special protec­ from $32.9 milliOn a year to $4.8 mlllion. A key consideration in formulating tion or program, but merely because it has That's a pretty blg loss; but it's something financial disclosure legislation is deter­ been too remote or too low in commercial they shouldn't have been getting in the flrst value to be developed. And because it has place. mining what level of public officials no special protection, it is this category of If Fairfax County, for example, doesn't should be required to make disclosures. land which is most in danger of losing Its want to put up the extra $68 per taxpayer it Because of the large number of Federal wilderness character before thorough review would cost to make up the lost subsidy, per­ employees in my district, I have been and consideration can be given. haps it could learn to live with less. The especially aware of the need to strike a more the federal government is willing to balance between the public's right to The Endangered American Wilderness hand out, the more it encourages local gov­ information, the employees' right to Act of 1977 is a major conservation initi­ ernments to spend excessively. privacy, and administrative manage­ ative. It directly focuses on a select num­ President Carter ought to stick to his guns. ber of areas highly qualified for wilder­ It would mean a federal saving of $400 mil• ability of the regulations. My bill differs from other financial disclosure proposals ness designation. It also raises basic is­ lion a year. He'll never get the budget bal­ sues concerning the future of national anced by 1980 if he can't convince the by focusing on appointees and career pork barrelers to give up some of their pork. civil servants who are clearly involved in forest "de facto wilderness" in general. policy formation. Because of the seriousness of the threats The financial disclosure requirements facing this category of relatively unpro­ in my bill apply to Federal employees tected wildland, there is an urgent need FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE paid a salary at and above the rate of for thorough congressional review. For basic pay for grade GS-16 in the execu­ this reason, I assign high priority to the tive branch, employees at grade 07 and legislation we are introducing today. HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER above in the military, Members of the SUMMARY OF THE BILL OF VIRGINIA Senate and the House of Representatives It is the purpose of the Endangered IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and candidates for these offices, congres­ American Wilderness Act to spotlight Tuesday, March 1, 1977 sional staff paid above $30,000, and all problems facing national forest de facto Federal judges. According to the latest wilderness. To do so, the bill proposes a Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, today, I am figures I have been able to obtain, these number of representative areas from na­ introducing, as I did in the last Congress, ... provisions would cover approximately tional forests across the West for desig­ legislation to require financial disclosure 13,000 people. I believe that besides being nation as wilderness areas, or for man­ by candidates for Federal office, Mem­ administratively feasible, the coverage datory wilderness study. These areas, bers of Congress and certain Federal in my bill requires disclosure from people· though few in number, exemplify the officials. most likely to be in sensitive policy­ kind of wild, nationally-significant, and I believe that the public is entitled to making positions and not from those in popular roadless areas which are at strict uniform and comprehensive public nonpolicy positions. stake. These selected areas illustrate the financial disclosure by elected officials I hope this bill can be used for dis­ problems which threaten to destroy spe­ and high level employees of the Federal cussion purposes by congressional com­ cific wilderness values. Government. For the last several years, mittees reviewing the financial disclosure while serving as a county official and a Wilderness areas: 14 areas of nationa! bills and by individuals interested, as I forest land are proposed for immediate Member of Congress, I have made public am, in seeing strong legislation to re­ information about my own financial rec­ designation as new units of the National quire financial disclosure approved by Wilderness Preservation System. Each of ords. Government officials, both elected Congress. and career employees, daily make deci­ these is a significant area, carefully de­ sions on issues affecting the financial in­ fined by a well-located boundary. Each terests of many organizations. In a de­ enjoys a high degree of public support, ENDANGERED AMERICAN WILDER­ and has been long known and studied by mocracy, it is absolutely essential that NESS ACT OF 1977 the public have complete confidence that local citizen conservationists. Each is these decisions are made impartially. Not used and treasured for its inherent wil­ only should these decisions be made in a derness values. In designating these manner that does not give unfair advan­ HON. MORRIS K. UDALL areas as wilderness, the Congress will tage to one group or organization over OF ARIZONA simply be affirming and guaranteeing another, but these decisions must not im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their protection in their present wild condition. Upon enactment of this legis­ properly benefit the decisionmaker. The Tuesday, March 1, 1977 intention of financial disclosure require­ lation, each area will be subject to the ments is to provide interested citizens Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, for myself same pattern of protective management with the information to determine and 24 of my colleagues, I am pleased and public use as our existing wilderness whether public officials who make policy today to reintroduce the Endangered areas. This statutory designation is the decisions on crucial issues could have a American Wilderness Act of 1977. strongest protection we can provide for conflict of interest. This bill is a somewhat revised version the natural values of such areas so that The financial disclosure requirement of legislation I first introduced last June. present wilderness values will be pre­ may seem to some people to be a violation Its fundamental objective is to extend served for the benefit of future gener­ of privacy. No person wants to have the and strengthen the national program for ations. details of his finances become a matter the preservation of wilderness within our The boundaries of each of these areas of public discussion. I have felt this my­ national forests. has been well drawn. With any last re­ self. Nevertheless, I have made my finan­ "DE FACTO WILDERNESS" finements we may make during commit­ cial arrangements a matter of public rec­ The Endangered American Wilderness tee consideration, these areas are ready ord, even going beyond the requirements Act concerns America's most threatened for designation as units of the National of present law, because I believe that my category of lands which remain natural Wilderness Preservation System- obligation to the people I serve overrides and which might still be preserved as West Chichagof-Yakobi, Alaska-405,­ considerations of personal comfort. This wilderness. These are the roadless lands ooo acres. is a cost, and a relatively small one, of on our national forests, often called "de Pusch Ridge, Arizona-56,510 acres. being a public servant. facto wilderness." These are the lands Golden Trout, California-240,000 Current financial disclosure regula­ which have remained wild and undevel­ acres. tions are insufficient and vary widely oped, but which have no formal protec- Santa Lucia, California-21,250 acres. among the three branches of Govern­ tion or guarantee that their wilderness Ventana Additions, Califomia---60,080 ment. The time has come for the Con­ qualities will not be overrun and de­ acres. gress to enact this long-delayed reform stroyed by incompatible uses. Goose Creek, Colorado--69,400 acres. legislation. The Watergate scandal, Senator Frank Church, who has spon­ Manzano Mountain, New Mexico--37,- recent revelations about some Members sored a companion bill in the Senate, has 000 acres. of Congress, and the resulting sharp de­ aptly characterized "de facto wilderness" Sandia Mountain, New Mexico-30,700 cline in confidence in Government have as- acres. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5791 French Pete Creek, Oregon-42,000 est Service is using in these decisions has of the whole selection process, so that a acres. revealed flaws, with virtually no higher­ considerable margin of roadless land was Kalmiopsis Additions, Oregon-134,- level review to a.ssure consistency in the excluded. The effect of this practice was 000 acres. quality of planning or evaluation. to seriously prejudge the ultimate wil­ Middle Santiam, Oregon-24,500 acres. Of course, not all roadless areas in the derness study, for those marginal lands Wild Rogue, Oregon-29,000 acres. ·national forests are going to remain un­ would be available for roadbuilding, Lone Peak, Utah-33,500 acres. developed nor should they be. But the timber sales, and other developments, Wenaha-Tucannon, Washington and basic issue has to do with how decisions long before Congress will consider how Oregon-200,000 acres. are to be made. Senator CHURCH high­ large the contiguous wilder ness area Wilderness study areas: Eight ar eas lighted this problem when he introduced should be. are proposed for designation as wilder­ a companion measure in the Senate last ROADLESS AREAS GERRYMANDERED ness study areas. These are areas of evi­ year- As a result of t he citizen lawsuit, the dent wilderness value, but final boun­ Our last fragments of a once-huge wilder­ Forest Service did commit itself to make daries have not been worked out, and ness heritage are fast disappearing. We must some further evaluation of the wilder­ further study of boundary locations is in insist that the decisions about the !ate of these last wild lands be made with. full con­ ness potential of each of the nonselected order. The study mandated by the bill sideration given to their wilderness values. roadless areas. But in practice there have will follow the same format as those re­ In fact, however, these last "de !acto" wil­ been many complaints about the shal­ quired under the original 1964 Wilder­ derness areas are rapidly being committed lowness and procedural incompleteness ness Act, with ample public participa­ for development, through decisionmaking of this promised evaluation. In many tion. Local opinion will be carefully processes that many feel do not properly cases, there has merely been a bare­ gathered at required public hearings. In evaluate the values of the wilderness as such. bones recapitulation of the same hastily some cases, the boundaries of these study A crescendo of concern for these areas among compiled statistical ratings gathered for areas have been more broadly located, citizens throughout the West is rapidly ris­ ing. Problems in the quality of Forest Serv­ each of these areas during the original to assure that the study will take into ice land use planning and decision-making roadless area inventory program. Those consideration all possible alternative are resulting in increasing controversy over statistical ratings have been severely boundary configurations. Final decisions the fate of these last roadless areas. criticized. They do not reflect detailed on the wilderness boundaries for each FOREST SERVICE EFFORTS field work, but merely desk-made esti­ area will be settled by the Congress, fol­ mates. The computerized formulas by lowing completion of Forest Service In 1972 and 1973, the Forest Service which they were evaluated have also studies and recommendations by the did conduct a basic inventory of the re­ been strongly criticized. It can hardly President. maining roadless and undeveloped areas be said that the wilderness values of an The wilderness study areas are­ on the western national forests. This area have been given further serious, Galiuro Additions, Arizona--80,430. "Roadless Area Review and Evaluation" professional consideration and study, La Garita Additions, Colorado--182,- program-known as RARE-identified when such figures are simply regurgi­ 700. some 1,400 roadless areas. Of these, the tated, without the development of more Mount Henry, Montana-22,000. Forest Service selected 274 for special up-to-date and systematic data. McGregor-Thompson, Montana-89,- wilderness study. The remaining some Even if the data were accurate and 000. 1,100 roadless areas were to be available complete, the evaluation of important Welcome Creek, Montana-28,900. for other development, with a minimum .roadless tracts has been further preju­ Chama River Canyon, New Mexico-- of further review. diced by an extensive pattern of gerry-. 50,900. At this point, concerned citizens mandering in the original roadless area Kalmiopsis, Oregon-136,000. stepped in, quite rightly insisting that inventory process. In these cases, one Savage Rim, Wyoming-15,000. more thorough consideration ought to be large tract of undeveloped, unroaded given before final decisions were made CONGRESS MAKES WILDERNESS DECISIONS land was subdivided into half a dozen or to develop those areas with wilderness more individual units, along wholly arti­ Mr. Speaker, the 1964 Wilderness Act potential. After all, there are some 1,100 is properly viewed as a great landmark in areas at stake, involving 44 million acres. ficial lines. The computer analyses were American conservation policy. That act The citizens groups contended that a then made only for the individual sub­ established wilderness preservation pol­ more specific planning program should units, one by one. As a result, each icy in the national interest as a matter be required for these areas, including smaller subunit suffers in the statistical of law. It also carefully defined the role more thorough evaluation of their wil­ comparisons, which made size a primary determinant of wilderness value. Land of the Congress as the sole authority in derness values. As a result of a lawsuit, the designation of wilderness areas. the Forest Service agreed to adopt such use plans consider only the subunits, so Senator Wayne Morse, a cosponsor of procedures. decisions to develop a part of the total that bill, stressed the importance of this But the controversy over the fate of tract of roadless land are firmly made when the original Wilderness Act passed these "nonselected roadless areas" con­ before even rudimentary resource data the Senate: tinues, and increases with the passage of gathering has begun on other parts of What s. 174 (the Wilderness Act) pro­ the same area. Thus, the total area never poses is only that Congress make a public time. A number of basic problems have gets reviewed as such. Indeed, one might policy for these areas, and that Congress de­ been identified: In the first plaee, many important say that the gerrymandering process re­ cide future changes that would add or sub­ sults in the Forest Service not being able tract from these systems. areas of roadless land were overlooked I favor this bill because I think Congress in the original inventory of roadless to see the wilderness for the trees. should assert legislative control over wilder­ areas. In some regions, such unreason­ In these and other ways, the promise ness areas, and not leave their future up to able standards were used in the inven­ of fair consideration for the wilderness administrative--one is tempted to say tory process that large and important values of the non -selected roadless areas ''bureaucratic''-control. on our national forests is not being met areas were left out just because of faint in all instances. The Forest Service main­ The de facto wilderness on our na­ old jeep tracks or other minor evidence tains no quality control procedures to as­ tional forests has been neglected for of passing human impact. In many cases, the standards applied at the local level sure that consistent levels of planning too long. In the face of growing public work are being maintained at an ac­ concern for these areas, the Forest Serv­ were more stringent than those the Wil­ ceptable level, or that individual deci­ ice has taken some steps. That is to their derness Act set for actual designation of sions are being properly made. areas as wilderness. There was great in­ credit. But the policy has not been firmly As a result, citizen complaints about made, nor is there proper overview. A consistency in these standards between Forest Service regions. this whole planning process are growing. relative few of the very highest value de The Congress has become increasingly facto wilderness ar.eas have been given Another problem resulted from the concerned, too. Members have proposed interim protection by the Forest Service, way the Forest Service selected the 27 4 special remedial legislation to secure but many others are being opened for areas for wilderness study. In many in­ protection or fair review for individual development, without thorough consider­ stances, the area selected was just a roadless areas, as a means of protecting ation or adequate review. The decentral­ portion of a larger roadless area. The them from Forest Service decisions that ized decisionmaking processes the For- boundaries were redefined, in the midst are unacceptable. In this way, Congress 5792 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 acted last year to designate a number of around is a major effort. All the details to particular proposed wilderness areas, new wilderness areas, such as the Kaiser have been locked in by the Forest Serv­ we often hear that they are just a little Wilderness in California. Additionally, a ice, and public expectations have been less "pure" and untouched than they number of new wilderness study areas firmed up. The decision is already made, should be, showing signs of just a little were established by Congress, such as the and Congress is expected to be satisfied too much human impact. It is argued Great Bear and Elkhorn Wilderness with an unworkable kind of informal that to designate such "substandard" Study Areas in Montana and Snow "legislative veto" of exactly the kind areas would weaken the o\·erall system Mountain and Sheep Mountain in which was rejected when we enacted the of wilderness areas. Those who make California. Wilderness Act. this argument are able to appear as WILDERNESS DESTRUCTION TOO EASY There are more than 1,100 nonselected wilderness supporters, but are, in fact, There is a basic problem here. Congress roadless areas going through this proce­ trying to torpedo any new areas on the is not exercising its proper decisionmak­ dure right now. Decisions are being made basis of their purity arguments. ing role in the fate of these wilderness every day by the farfiung Forest Service This whole purity theory was origi­ lands. In all too many cases, the proce­ hierarchy. In a relatively short period nated by some in the Forest Service. It dures adopted by the Forest Service di­ of time, all these finalized plans will be has been repeatedly rejected by the Con­ rectly inhibit the exercise of congres­ dumped on the Congress. There is no gress. In every test, Forest Service claims sional control. Decisions to develop a systematic review within the Forest that areas are not suitable for these rea­ roadless area, destroying its wilderness Service, nor any policy review by Secre­ sons have been rejected. Most notable values, are relatively easy to make. But tarial-level policymakers in the Depart­ was our complete repudiation of the For­ decisions to protect an area, even if only ment of Agriculture. The upshot is that est Service view that no areas in the for more thorough study, are much more many decisions to develop these areas are national forests in our Eastern States dimcult. There is a fundamental bias in going unchallenged, simply because the could be designated as wilderness. the whole process, and it is a bias against whole procedure makes such challenges The impact of the discredited purity wilderness. extremely dimcult. argument lingers on, however. In many When a local Forest Service omcial de­ PROTESTS INCREASING instances, Forest Service omcials at the cides to develop a non-selected roadless It is not surprising that people who local level, adopting what they still be­ area, he merely files an environmental have long worked to protect a particular lieve is the omcial policy on wilderness impact statement on his development wilderness area do not idly accept this criteria, have used various purity argu· plans. He then can proceed with devel­ kind of warped decisionmaking. The ments to disqualify areas of de facto opment of that area with no higher-level shallow evaluation being given to wilder­ wilderness from further consideration. approval, either from the Regional For­ ness alternatives during the land use In one region, even the faintest signs of ester or the Chief. He just goes ahead. planning procedures of the Forest Serv­ old jeep tracks have. been taken to con­ The burden is entirely on citizens to con­ ice is under rapidly increasing criticism. stitute a "road," and large areas have test such decisions, and unless appeals The very fact that decisions on these been excluded from the roadless area are filed very quickly, the decision is ft­ areas are final ones forces citizen groups category as a result. In another region, nal and cannot be contested. to mount protest efforts, to file appeals, even the presence of old fire lookout On the other hand, should that same and to go into court to gain more thor­ towers--which are entirely permissable local Forest Service omcial want to iden­ ough reviews and consideration. within wilderness areas-has resulted in tify a nonselected roadless area for Thus far, protests have occurred pri­ roadless areas receiving lower ratings special wilderness study, he may not even marily through the Forest Service ad­ and having less chance of receiving fur­ propose that idea publicly without secur­ ministrative appeal process and a few ther wilderness study. ing prior, confidential permission from lawsuits. Additionally, citizens have pe­ PURITY ARGUMENT REJECTED both the Regional Forester and the Chief. titioned their Congressmen to intervene. As one who participated in the final That proposal must be cleared all the They point out, and quite rightly, that drafting of the Wilderness Act, I am way to the top in Washington, D.C., in Congress is supposed to have the final not going to permit its intent to be so off-the-record internal clearance proce­ authority and decisionmaking powers on perverted that the act itself is used by dures, before the local omcial can even wilderness matters. Yet, ihe Forest Serv­ opponents of wilderness to argue against make his proposal in a preliminary way ice procedures have effectively elimi­ protecting additional lands. The Com­ in a draft environmental impact state­ nated any realistic opportunity for Con­ mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs ment. The higher omcials of the Forest gress to exercise that power. has rejected these kinds of arguments. Service can overrule the proposal for It is our purpose with the Endangered Our record of precedents on this point wilderness study before the public even American Wilderness Act to examine is clear. One example should sumce. knows it is being considered. these problems in depth. As we review In 1969, I led a successful effort here Could there be a more obvious anom­ the circumstances surrounding the indi­ on the House floor, with my good friend aly? The bias built into this procedure vidual areas in the bill, we will also de­ the chairman of the Committee on Pub­ certainly discourages local forest service termine what improvements are neces- lic Works, Mr. JoHNSON of California, to omcials from proposing additional wild­ sary to avoid these problems of inade­ include additional lands in the Desola­ erness study areas, so it comes as no sur­ quate review. tion WilderneSs in California. The lands prise that relatively few have been es­ ARGUMENTS AGAil'JST wn.DERNESS WEAK in question included two small man­ tablished through this process. While During my years of service in this made reservoirs. We prevailed in includ­ decisions to destroy a potential wilder­ House, I have had a particularly close ing those areas in the new wilderness, ness area can be made at the lowest rung association with wilderness issues. I have and what I said then about the purity of the ladder, even a modest proposal to participated in every piece of wilderness argument in general still stands-- study the wilderness values in greater de­ legislation, from the original Wilderness It would be nice to have our national tail must rise clear to the Washington, Act onward. I have heard all the argu­ wilderness system absolutely pure and com­ D.C., headquarters for clearance. ments, and this experience has been most pletely free of any sign of the hand of man. The Forest Service has sought to mol­ instructive. There are three kinds of But the fact is that we are getting a late lify public criticism by an altogether un­ start in this business of preserving Amer­ particular arguments often used against ica's wilderness. Logging has occurred; woods realistic "agreement" with Congress. wilderness which I want to discuss today. Current Forest Service policy is that each roads have been opened and later abandoned; final decision on the fate of a non-se­ One of the classic antiwilderness argu­ cabins have been built which in time have ments is the so-called purity argu­ decayed and fallen down; in the interest lected roadless area will be reported to ment, based on a very strict interpreta­ of public health and safety and to protect the Congress, and the Forest Service iton of the criteria set out in the Wilder­ the natural resources there may sometimes be will then wait 90 days before implement­ ness Act. If interpreted rigidly enough­ lookout towers and patrol cabins. All of ing the development it has decided upon. these are imperfections within the wilder­ and without regard to the clear meaning ness. Yet how often is man able to create This short period is intended to allow of the language and its carefully -laid or establish anything which is truly per­ time for Congress to intervene if it legislative history-one can conclude fect? Very, very rarely-if ever. Congress has wishes, but by this late stage in the deci­ that virtually nothing can qualify as declared it 1s our national policy to pre­ sionmaking process, turning the decision wilderness. So, when we hear opposition serve America's wilderness resource. Whether March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5793 some prior existing imperfection-something trative designation, and for just a part establish a clear record of legislative less than absolute purity-is to be accepted of the area. The full statutory protection intent on this precise point. In the key into the national wilderness system should available under the Wilderness Act are sentence establishing the criteria for be determined by whether its inclusion will if significantly contribute to the implementa­ being denied for this area, the Forest suitability of lands as wilderness, the tion of this national policy of wilderness Service has its way. Were it not for the earlier draft of the act had referred to preservation, or whether its omission will inclusion of this area in the Endangered areas "retaining their primeval environ­ significantly obstruct this policy. American Wilderness Act, it might never ment and influence." However, on July receive consideration by the Congress. 2, 1960, Senator Murray introduced a This is the policy we will continue to What concerns me is the set of rea­ carefully revised wilderness bill, incor­ pursue in the Committee on Interior and sons the Forest Service has given for its porating "many constructive changes'' Insular Affairs and in the Congress. I decision against wilderness, and in favor which remain in the law as enacted. am going to be particularly vigilant to of the less permanent administrative One of those changes was an amend­ see that areas of de facto wilderness are designation. The Forest Service wilder­ ment to this part of the criteria for suit­ not being denied consideration on ness review report finds that within ability, replacing the word •'environ• grounds of a too pure and unrealic;tic much of the Lone Peak area the ''suit­ ment" with the word "character." Sena­ interpretation applied without adequate ability for wilderness . . . has been altered tor Murray carefully built a record of national overview. In too many cases, . . . because man's impacts are obvious the legislative intent behind this change, local reliance on this aiscredited Forest and lasting." Here are the "obvious and explaining here on the floor of the Sen­ Service purity standard is misleading the lasting" impacts they recite- ate: "The word 'character' is substituted public and resulting in denial of fair One. Dams in a few locations, "al­ because 'environment' might be taken to consideration· to many important areas. though they are small," with minor ·ac­ mean the surroundings of the wilder­ The Congress remains the sole arbiter cess roads." ness rather than the wilderness entity." of these questions of wilderness suit­ Two. "An old road and mine dumps." So, as a matter of clearly established ability, applying the criteria established Three. "The sights and sounds of the legislative intent, it is the specific quali­ in subsection 2(c) of the Wilderness Act. city and canyon road traffic. . . . the ties of the land itself, within the bounda­ I am pleased to say that my views and smog layer, aircraft traffic . We could, I suppose, put sponsoring the Eastern Wilderness Act, presence constitutes good business !or Idaho. a lot of that sort of thing out in the John Saylor recalled remarks he had Nevertheless, the fact remains that the great woods and the mountains, and I guess it made about the importance of wilderness majority of people who go into the Idaho is true that such an area could accom­ to the American people. He had spoken primitive areas are Idahoans, and not modate significantly more people. Such wealthy ones either. One need not go to the these words more than 20 years ago, heavy development is often called "hard­ when he first introduced the Wilderness center of a primitive area to enjoy it. Where ening the site," and it could certainly does such an area begin? It begins where the Act in 1956. I would like to recall his road ends; and if the roads never end, there permit much greater numbers of people words again- never will be any wilderness. to tramp through. But with all that de­ velopment, and with all those additional Mr. Speaker, when I first introduced the That bears repeating: the wilderness original wilderness bill in 1956, I spoke of people at any one time, would the recre­ the importance of wilderness and the real we have left begins where the roads end. ational experience be the same? Would needs we have as a people to save such But if there is no end to the new roads its value to the people continue? areas. into every last primitive expanse, we will Those who have made these argu­ We need wilderness, I said then, !or the have failed in our obligation to protect a ments also suggest that some new sort wholesome primitive recreational opportuni­ fair sampling of our de facto wilderness. of land classification would permit vari­ ties it affords so many of our people; that Wilderness is, after all, a uniquely is, places where you can camp beyond the ous manipulation of the natural environ­ roar of traffic, hike without dodging auto­ American concept. On this continent, we ment. Trees might not be logged ih huge mobiles, fish without hooking a buddy, or have had an opportunity to preserve our clearcuts, of course, but perhaps the hunt without being afraid of being shot. heritage of wilderness. We have made a stringent prohibition on timber cutting (Such places) are getting harder and harder beginning in that program. The Ameri­ in wilderness areas would be relaxed. to find. And as these privileges become less can people have continually supported Then logging could occur by helicopter. plentiful, we suddenly realize that we want the preservation of wilderness areas. and only to "improve" the forest. But them very much. then, of course, it would hardly be a wil­ We need wilderness, I said then, for an­ Because wilderness preservation is a other reason: The stress and strain of our popular concept, and because this pro­ derness anymore . . . and I know very crowded, fast-moving, highly mechanized gram has such strong public involvement few people who would choose to have and raucously noisy civilization create an­ and support, those who oppose wilder­ their outdoor vacation amidst crowds of other great need for wilderness--a. deep ness for their own private reasons seek people, beneath all the noise and confu­ need for areas of solitude and quiet, for areas arguments which obscure their special sion of helicopter logging. of wilderness where life has not yet given interests. We hear the "wilderness for We should not be distracted from our way to machinery. the rich" argument primarily from tim­ And I said then, we need wilderness for wilderness establishment and manage­ a yet more fundamental, more profound pur­ ber lobbyists and other developers. But it ment program by such diversionary tac­ pose, for in the wilderness we can get our will not wash. For a great cross-section tics. A "less-than-wilderness" kind of bearings. We can keep from getting blinded of Americans are enjoying our wilder­ classification has been proposed before­ in our great human success to the !act ness resources. Whole series of highly that was what the Forest Service had in that we are part of the life of this planet, popular books, such as those produced mind in its "Wild areas east" proposal, and we would do well to keep our perspec­ in the Time-Life American Wilderness which the Congress rejected in favor of tives and keep in touch with some of the series and by the National Geographic the successful Eastern Wilderness Areas basic facts of life. Society, testify to the popularity of these Act of 1974. Such proposals run diametri­ The Wilderness Act emerged from the areas. Motion pictures and television deep feeling of millions of Americans who cally counter to the strong expressed rallied to save America's wilderness. Today, special portraying wilderness are in­ public preference for a statutory wilder­ in this bill, we take another step in fulfill1ng credibly popular, too. ness program. Those who are working to the need, and in securing an enduring re­ Nor are these areas popular solely for secure protection for areas such as those source of wilderness for those who will fol­ the recreational use individuals may proposed in the Endangered American low in our pathways, needing it all the more. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5795 The Wilderness Act of 1964 was a District; California Savings and Loan primarily designed to treat psychiatric great landmark. It represented a turn­ League; Los Angeles County Museum, disorders. The same dollar may well go ing point in our American "rendezvous Science and Industry Alliance; Southern twice as far in a private psychiatric hos­ with the land." Ours is a great and California Chapter of the Kidney pital which does not maintain medical/ boundless land, fruitful with unlimited Disease Foundation; the Beverely Hills surgical suites, or X-ray and diagnostic resources for our use-or so we thought Symphony Orchestra Association; and facilities on the premises, since they are for generations. In recent years we have the Tool Research & Engineering Co. not used in the daily routine operation begun to heed the warnings of far­ He is a board member and treasurer of of the facility. sighted leaders who recognized that even the Beverely Hills Chamber of Commerce Essentially not more than 10 percent so broad and bountiful a land could be and the Beverely Hills YMCA. Herbert of the patient population needs some abused and degraded. Of all the wilder­ Young is the founder and a board mem­ form of psychiatric inpatient treatment; ness that existed when our history on ber of the International Student Center, of that, less than three percent need long­ this continent began, only a very small UCLA. The diversity of his interests can term care. But to deny this population a fraction remains. The de facto wilder­ be seen by the variety of organizations in rightful option in receiving such care and ness is our last margin. The choices we which he has participated as an active treatment is neither cost effective nor make here will set the pattern of our member. Through every undertaking equitable. Therefore, in order to correct land into permanence. shines Herbert Young's desire to serve. the inequities which presently exist in In a very true sense, we have been We salute also his wife Arline and their regard to mental health benefits under formed as a people and as a culture by four children: Jeff, Kenneth, Gregory, the medicaid program, I urge that the the influence of our encounters with the and Kathy. They can be proud, as we all law be amended to provide benefits for wilderness. Our grandparents conquered are, of the dedication of Herbert Young individuals between the ages of 21 and much of the wilderness of this continent, to his community's service. 64 in specialized psychiatric facilities. but in the very act of conquering, they were shaped in vital ways by the wilder­ ness, too. It is our obligation, in the face of all MEDICAID AMENDMENTS TO DEMOGRAPHY AND JOBS - THE the short-term pressures to exploit every BROADEN MENTAL HEALTH COV­ FULL EMPLO~T DEBATE last acre, and to cut down even the most ERAGE UNDER TITLE XIX marginal pockets of timber, to fulfill our responsibilities for the preservation of HON. GARY A. MYERS the wilderness that is so fundamental in HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER OF PENNSYLVANIA our character and consciousness. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YORK We must not take the fate of our last Tuesday, March 1, 1977 IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES de facto wilderness lightly. There is work Mr. GARY A. MYERS. Mr. Speaker, to be done, and time has worked against Tuesday, March 1, 1977 last week the National Commission for this effort. Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, today I Manpower Policy released its special re­ NEW LEGISLATION TOP PRIORITY am pleased to introduce the Medicaid port No. 12, entitled "Demographic The Endangered American Wilderness Mental Health Amendments of 1977. Trends and Full Employment." In the Act represents a vital further step in ful­ These amendments to title XIX of the wordS of Commission Chairman Eli Ginz­ filling our American wilderness preser­ Social Security Act will broaden mental berg, this report reflects the efforts of vation policy. The opportunity is a fleet­ health benefits to permit coverage for the Commission to "deepen its under­ ing one. Before decisions are made, open­ inpatient psychiatric treatment for pa­ standing of the impact of changing labor ing all the rest of our public land for tients between the ages of 21 and 64 force trends on employment goals." I development, we must assure that the when provided in free standing psychi­ highly recommend this report as must wilderness values of the remaining road­ atric hospitals. Present law excludes such reading for Members, and other con­ less lands are thoroughly, fairly, and ex­ coverage. cerned citizens, who desire to participate haustively studied and considered-not In addition, my bill would require cov­ intelligently in the full employment de­ only jn a local context, but with a clear erage of men tal health services in free bate. view to the needs of all our people, and standing psychiatric hospitals for pa­ Among the important points brought in the interests of future generations. tients under the age of 21 to assure uni­ out in the report are the impact on the formity among State programs. Present "natural" unemployment rate of the Federal law permits States to include large influx of young people and women such coverage but only 29 States have TRIBUTE TO HERBERT J. YOUNG into the labor force, the importance that done so. liberalized transfer payments have had There is illogic and unfairness in the on the "cost" of remaining unemployed, HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN present exclusion under medicaid of such and the concentration of "structural" OF CALIFORNIA mental health benefits. Acute psychiatric unemployment in certain social and eth­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES treatment is reimbursed if it is provided nic groups which disproportionately con­ tG. medicaid patients in the psychiatric tributes to the overall national jobless­ Tuesday, March 1, 19'1'1 units of general hospitals or State facili­ ness rate. I recommend an appreciation Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask the ties. By limiting reimbursement only to of these factors to my colleagues-espe­ Members to join me in honoring a most such psychiatric units, medicaid patients, cially those who indulge in oversimplified exceptional gentleman, Herbert J. Young unlike medicare beneficiaries are denied rhetoric on the unemployment situa­ of Los Angeles. Mr. Young is one of those the freedom to choose the appropriate tion-so that our efforts at combating rare persons-a native Angeleno, who facility. Furthermore, and even more im­ joblessness can be more rationally struc­ was also educated in California. After portant the irrationality of the present tured, while no less sympathetic or vigor­ serving in the U.S. Air Force in 1951-52, situation is highlighted by the fact that ous. . I he started his business career at Gibral­ general hospital units can be from 40 to Mr. Speaker, Chairman Ginzberg's tar Savings as its fourth full-time em­ 60 percent more costly than the treat­ foreword admirably summarizes the ployee and has risen to become the bank's ment rendered in free standing psychi­ main points of the report findings. While chairman of the board and chief execu­ atric facilities. I strongly suggest study of the entire re­ tive officer. We salute Herbert Young, Our present medicaid programs is now port, I have included his introductory however, not for his brilliant banking under attack for lack of cost and quality remarks for the convenience of my col­ career, but for what he has given of him­ controls, abuses and fraud. The name of leagues. These remarks follow: self to the many activities of his com­ the game is cost effectiveness and cost FOREWORD munity. He has served as president of the containment. In that light it is only fair, The Commission, from its first Interim Re­ Beverly Hills Board of Education and of reasonable and just that medicaid pa­ port to the Congress. The Challenge of Rising Beverly Hills Maple Center. tients have the option to receive inpa­ Unemployment, February 1975, expressed its He has been a director of the Federal tient psychiatric care in facilities offer­ opposition to the position taken by the na­ Home Loan Bank of San Francisco, 11th ing the intense and specialized services tion's leaders that because of a change in the CXXIII--365-Part 5 5796 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 cOinposition of the labor force or the dangers Finally, Professor Wachter calls attention duced, and already overcrowded high­ of renewed inflation, it would be necessary to the fact that the ease of qualifying for ways will carry more and more mobile to have a much higher level of unemploy­ income transfer payments and the level of Americans to work, shopping, and rec­ ment than was previously acceptable. The such payments cannot fall to affect the un­ reation. Commission did not challenge the fact that employment rate by making it "less costly" more women and young people were entering for people to remain unemployed. The Com­ It is something we should think about the labor force and that historically these mission, in advocating that employable per­ very seriously before committing billions groups were characterized by a higher than sons be placed in manpower training or jobs, and billions of dollars to transportation average rate of unemployment. Nor was the rather than being left on the welfare rolls systems that may be outmoded before Commission oblivious to the dangers of in­ or in receipt of federal supplemental benefits they are in place. flation, which could diminish rather than up to 65 weeks, is responsive to this aspect As ranking minority member of the expand the number of job opportunities. of Professor Wachter's analysis. House Subcommittee on Surface Trans­ Clearly the nation could not expect to Professor Taeuber's paper speaks to the ur­ portation, and chairman of the National reach full employment quickly, but the COin­ gent need for improving labor force projec­ mission felt strongly that this was the appro­ tions. He points out the many weaknesses Transportation Policy Study Commis­ priate goal and that a broad strategy should in the government's present efforts in this sion, I commend this article, and its be directed toward accomplishing it. In its arena, particularly the infrequency with implications, to my colleagues. Second Annual Report to the President and which new estimates are prepared, the need the Congress, An Employment Strategy tor for more detail, and the failure of the estl­ the United. Stfrtes-Next Steps, December ma.te.c; to provide a range of alternative pro­ 1976, the Commission outlined such an em­ jections rather than a single best guess. BEYOND THE CALL OF DUTY ployment strategy. The Commission shares Professor Taeuber's Early in 1976, the Commission acted to concern about the desirab111ty, in fact the deepen its understanding of the impact of ~entiallty, of strengthening the manpower HON. HENRY J. NOWAK base with respect to data collection, analysis, changing labor force trends on employment OF NEW YORK goals by eliciting the help of three specialists and research. Further, it has on its forward from the fields of macroeconomic policy, agenda the problem of immigration (includ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manpower, and demography. This publication ing lllegal immigration), another issue that Tuesday, March 1, 1977 contains the contributions of these special­ Professor Ta"Cuber points out as having po­ ists: Professors Robert Aaron Gordon, Mi­ tentially important impact on labor force Mr. NOWAK. Mr. Speaker, as the Na­ chael Wachter, and Karl Taeuber. Professor trends. tion is well aware, this has been a most Gordon's contribution is a revision and up­ What these three specialists have done, severe winter in western New York State. dating of testimony presented in a statement not only for the Commission but for all with which includes the city of Buffalo and before the Joint Economic Committee of the an interest and concern in the future of the congressional district I am privileged U.S. Congress on July 25, 1975. He is cur­ manpower policy, is to sharpen our percep­ to represent. rently carrying on additional work in this tion of where the data are weak, where analy­ arena but it appeared preferable to publish sis should concentrate, and the directions on I certainly am very proud of the re­ what was now available rather than to delay which policy should focus. They make no siliency of the residents of this area, who the release of these three cOinplementary extreme claims, but they offer much useful · weathered extreme hardship in com­ efforts. help and guidance. For this the Commission mendable fashion. In crises of this sort, Professor Gordon makes a strong case for is deeply in their debt. there are many unsung heroes. establishing more than a singular target for ELI 0INZBERG, Specifically, the courageous efforts of full employment. Specifically, he advocates Chairman. the Buffalo area police and firefighters separate targets for groups in the labor were perhaps the most visible. These force-such as minorities and teenagers-­ public safety officers performed often that have been experiencing persistently higher than average rates of unemployment. MIGRATION TREND HAS TRANS­ herculean tasks under unbelievably dif- The COmmission in its Second Annual Re­ PORTATION IMPLICATIONS FOR · ficult, physically taxing circumstances. port recommended that the nation in addi­ AMERICA Emergency deliveries and rescue efforts tion to seeking a 5 percent aggregate unem­ were legion. ployment rate by 1980 also monitor whether One such case, which illustrates the the rates for these special groups were dem­ HON. BUD SHUSTER ·heroic efforts that were made, involves onstrating steady and substantial reductions, OF PENNSYLVANIA Buffalo police officer Carl 0. Reese, who and that it make appropriate adjustments in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES died during the recent blizzard in Buffalo. its manpower policies if such progress were The following Buffalo Police Depart­ not taking place. Tuesday, March 1, 1977 Professor Wachter, tracing the interactions ment report describes more graphically between demographic changes and unem­ Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, I would than I could the service beyond the call ployment, is impressed with the upward tilt like to share with you and our colleagues of duty that Officer Reese provided: in the aggregate unemployment rate as are­ a short article that went largely un­ BEYOND THE CALL OF DUTY sult of the large relative inflows of young noticed but which has enormous impli­ On January 28, 1977 Police Officer Carl 0. people and women whose labor force attach­ cations for our Nation's transportation Reese reported to Room 240, Buffalo Police ment is less continuous, the effect of which system. It appeared in the Friday. Headquarters at 10:45 AM to work the hours is to push the "natural" unemployment rate February 25 edition of the Washington of 11 :OOAM to 7:OOPM. Severe blizzard con­ (defined as the rate below which unemploy­ Post: tions struck the city shortly thereafter. ment cannot be reduced without generating AMERICANS LEAVING CITIES Streets became impassable and the entire inflationary pressures) to a level ·of 1 to 1.5 area was snowed in. Chef's Restaurant, 291 percent above its previous level, that is, into DENVER.-More Americans are moving away Seneca Street at Chicago St. was a refuge the 5 to 6 percent range from the earlier 4 from large metropolitan areas, causing one of for numerous storm stranded persons. At percent level. He is optimistic, however, that the most signific.a.nt migration turnabouts 2 :SOAM on 1/ 29/77 Pollee Officer Frederick future demographic changes, above all the in the nation's history, a Rand Corp. Clark assigned to the Motorcycle Division of likely decrease in fertlUty, will operate in demographer said. the Buffalo Police Department was aiding a the opposite direction and at a minimum Dr. Peter A. Morrison said between 1970 person from Chef's Restaurant with a des­ wm not put the natural rate any higher. and 1975, for every 100 people who moved to tination of the Puerto Rican Center on Professor Wachter is also optimistic about a metropolitan area, 131 moved out. In the Swan Street. The wind gusts of over 40MPH the potentiality of manpower policies to con­ 1960's, people migrated to metropolitan knocked Police Officer Clark to the ground areas. tribute to a containment and lessening of at 291 Seneca Street and caused him to frac~ the natural rate of unemployment. In this In a report to ·the annual meeting of the ture his left leg. Police Officer Clark was regard he advocates a three-tier program, American Association for the Advancement brought into the restaurant to await trans­ among other things a better linkage beween of Science, he said the new population move­ portation to a hospital. schools and employers, a. recommendation ment is having fiscal, social and political A 5:00AM on the same date, Pollee Officer that is strongly supported by the Commis­ repercussions. Carl 0. Reese spoke with a woman stranded sion in its Second Annual Report. He fur­ This trend, Mr. Speaker, represents a in the restaurant. She was about 23 years of ther advocates subsidized training in the sharp departure from traditional beliefs, age, pregnant and a diabetic. She stated that private sector for hard-to-place workers and she must have insulin by 6:30AM at t;he and there is every reason to believe that extended remedial efforts for the most seri­ latest. The Emergency Hospital was con­ ously disadvantaged. Once again, it is worth it will continue. The message that it holds tacted to enquire if an insulin dosage of 80 emphasizing that the Commission's recom­ for transportation is this: If people are NPHV could be picked up. They replied that mendations in its Second Annual Report are moving out of cities, the demands on our they had insulin in 100 NPHV, the diabetic .similarly directed. urban mass transit systems will be re- was assured that she could take 100 NPHV. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5797 Police Officer Reese and Police Officer Wal­ ON THE SUGAR SITUATION it is the consumer who should have an kowiak of the MCD walked in the blizzard escape clause from escalating prices. conditions, temperature was 7 degrees below zero with a wind chill factor of 60 degrees The Executive order or the statute should below zero and wind velocity of 40MPH with HON. CHARLES A. VANIK suspend quotas when consumer prices higher gusts, from Seneca. and Chicago OF OHIO rise by more than the annual average increase in the cost of all food. Streets in this city to the Emergency Hos­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pital located at Eagle and Pine Street, a distance of 4¥2 blocks or ¥2 mile. Tuesday, March 1, 1977 The Police Officers arrived at the hospital and were given the insulin by one of the Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, in recent days, there has been a flurry of dis­ NEW WINDSOR GOVERNMENT LOS­ nurses in the hospital. As they left the hos­ ING TWO FAITHFUL SERVANTS pital, Police Officer Reese complained to ·cussion about some possible form of Police Officer Walkowiak of pains in his Government action, such as quotas, to chest. increase the price of sugar so as to "pro­ HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON With the severe blizzard and the wind tect'' the American producers. Like the OF MARYLAND blowing in their face, it was most difficult to producers of coffee and various com­ breathe and the officers ha.d. to turn and walk modities, the sugar growers want a floor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES backwards to cut down the wind and enable Tuesday, March 1, 1977 them to return to meet the diabetic. below which the price they receive will Upon returning, the insulin was given to not fall-the poor consumer is never pro­ Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, recently the the woman, and Police Officer Reese again vided with a ceiling above which the Frederick News contained an article complained of chest pains. Witnesses to this price will never rise. The sugar producers which I would like to share with my col­ was Mrs. Rosemary Zobel, a probation of­ are calling for relief. Only 26 months leagues and all readers of the RECORD. ficer for Erie County at 25 Delaware Ave. ago, in December 19'74, the American This article pays a well-deserved tribute who 1s also a Registered Nurse, and Mrs. Jean people had to pay 54 cents per pound for Land of 889 South Park Ave., an employee to Mayor Randall Spoerlein and Council­ at Buffalo Police Headquarters. Also present sugar while the producers basked in the man Russell Lambert, of New Windsor, were P.O. Stephen LeUnski, P.O. Jack WU­ warm glow of new-found profits. In 1973, Md. Mayor Spoerlein is retiring after 22 llamson, P.O. Robert Ba.ish and others. the American people spent some $3.3 bil­ years in office and Councilman Lambert at 9:45AM, 1-29-77, Police Officer carl 0. lion on sugar. In 1974, that figure jumped is retiring after 31 years of service. Reese and P.O. H. Osczcypala of Radar as­ to $6.8 billion and stayed high in 1975 This article describes a few of the sisted Pollee Officer Fred Clark from Chef's when the consumers were taken for many ways these two dedicated individu­ Restaurant to a Radar Police Car No. 146 $6.9 billion. These higher prices have als have helped to make New Windsor an and drove him to Emergency Hospital. Upon contributed more than any other factors arriving, Officers Reese and Osczcypala took outstanding example of the competency Officer Clark from the car. He put his arms in the declining markets for sugar and and efilciency which characterizes the around their shoulders and they placed their shifts to alternatives. governments of many of America's arms under his thighs and in a. eha.ir-like With higher fruit and vegetable prices, smaller communities. It is the common­ carry brought him from the driveway up the manipulated and extortionist coffee sense, foresight, hard work, and devotion stairs to the first floor and to the emergency prices, and now the prospect of higher of citizens such as Mayor Spoerlein and room. Fully clothed, Police Officer Clark sugar prices, the American family faces Councilman Lambert which preserve the weighs about 200 pounds. a pretty bleak breakfast. The producer Police Officer Carl 0. Reese continued on quality of life in New Windsor and simi­ duty to 2:00PM. Upon arriving home he is always protected-the consumer is lar towns a.cross the country. again complained of chest pains to his wife. never considered-he is the victim I think the exemplary record of Mayor He next reported for work at 11 :OOAM on In the past, sugar quota legislation Spoerlein, Councilman Lambert, and all Sunday 1-30-77 to 7:00PM and was off on was under the jurisdiction of the House of the residents of New Windsor com­ Monday 1-31-77. He expired at 6:00AM on Agriculture Committee-although in the pares very favorably with most larger 2-1-77. other body, the Senate Finance Commit­ communities and I would like to join the JoHN BROWN, Lieutenant. tee retained Jurisdiction. As chairman of Frederick News in congratulating them Mr. Speaker, this report testifies to the Ways and Means Trade Subcommit­ by including the article in the RECORD at the dedicated service the Buffalo metro­ tee, I -do not believe that the United this point: politan area received from its public States can conduct an effective trade pol­ [The News (Frederick Md.) Feb. 17, 1977] safety officers during our recent bliz­ icy if different congressional committees NEW WINDSOR GOVERNMENT LOSING Two zard. I know I echo the community senti­ and various agencies can arbitrarily im­ F.uTHFt1L SERVANTS ment when I express deep appreciation pose quotas or other restraints to trade. (By Kate Roberts) I have today written to the Speaker of for that service and offer condolences Nestled in the hllls of Carroll County, un­ to the family of Officer Reese. His devo­ the House pointing out the problems that touched by the population boom or building tion to duty and community service divided quota jurisdiction could create craze, the tiny town of New Windsor is as stands as an example for imitation by for the United States in the current neat and efficient as a cliche. all of us. worldwide trade negotiations. I have Electric street lights have Ulumina.ted the strongly urged that all legislation relat­ town since 1897, water has been piped into ing to the imposition of quotas be re­ homes since the early 1900s, and ·a unique TWO MISSISSIPPI YOUNG PEOPLE sewage disposal system has provided trouble­ VISIT WASHINGTON ferred to the Ways and Means Commit­ tee. free service to the BOO-plus residents since 1964. I am always amazed at how strongly There is a ball park, courtesy of the Lions HON. TRENT LOTT the agricultural interests of this Nation Club; new tennis courts, a. modern school, OF MISSISSIPPI demand open and free trade so that they and a little surplus in the town's tlll. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can export to the maximum, thus obtain­ Nature has been kind to New Windsor, ing large volumes of sales and high prices but it also is clear the town has been well Tuesday, March 1, 1977 both at home and abroad. But the mo­ managed over the years, a. duty that has Mr. LOTT. Mr. Speaker, I would like ment a commodity runs into temporary rested with the town's mayors and councils since it was incorporated on Jan. 25, 1844. to take this opportunity to recognize two difficulty, because of surplus produc­ New Windsor has seen several elected offi­ outstanding young people, Valerie Ann tion, those agricultural interests are the cials come and go, but, this spring, it will Hertzog and Delisa Lee Watts, both of very first to demand protection. Over lose two who have served longer and more Long Beach, Miss., who are here in the years, I have noticed that the agri­ faithfully than any others. Washington this week to participate in cultural sector has generally supported Mayor Randall Spoerlein has held the the 1977 Presidential Classroom for exporting more American farm exports town's highest office for the past 22 years, Young Americans. and allowing foreigners to export more setting a record in New Windsor and prob­ I always enjoy discussing the opera­ manufactured goods to the United States. ably the county. Councilman Russell Lambert's time 1n tions of our Federal Government with I, for one, am tired of their one-sided office is just as impressive. He has sat on the the Presidential classroom students and game. council for the last 31 years. commend these young Americans on If protection has any validity-it Both men have served consecutive terms, their interest and attitude toward our should be utilized for the consumer. If Lambert always defeating his opponent and Nation's destiny. quotas are ever authorized or considered, Spoerleln unopposed in every election. 5798 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 Spoerlein was appointed to the office of is and is large enough to take care of twice This is not good policy. Residents, such mayor when former Mayor Ralph B. Geer our population." as residents- at the Sacramento Medical resigned, leaving an unexpired term. That Councilman Lambert, 70, is a native of New was in 1952 and things in town have changed Windsor and some of his earliest recollection<; Center in my own district , are students a bit since then. are of the days when the town had its own for all practical purposes. A requirement "People used to complain about chickens electric plant. that they must begin repayment of such in town . . . crowing roost ers and such. To­ "Back 65 years ago, my father used to run loans during residency imposes a sub­ day, they complain about dogs," the 77-year­ the plant," he recalled, "We had 220 voltage stantial burden upon all residents. It im­ old mayor said with a chuckle. then and street lights as far back as I can poses a particular hardship on young There isn't a whole lot else to complain remember." physicians who do not come from about in New Windsor. Just one of the town's On Wednesdays, he recalled, his father used wealthy families. This is not the intent assets is its water supply, possibly one of the to run the generators steady from 8 a.m. until of Congress as expressed in the Public most plentiful in the county. Three springs, 12 noon because "that was the day the located on a 170-acre farm owned by the women ironed clothes." Health Service Act, as amended; it town, have been producing since t:t;.>.e early According to Mrs. Robert Cairns, who along should not, must not, be the policy of 1900s and stU! have a long life ahead of them. with her husband owns Boxwood Antiques the Congress wit h respect to loans se­ In 1947, the town bought more land on and is the author of a brief town history cured under the Higher Education Act Dennings Road and tapped four springs printed during the Bicentennial, the electric and the Defense Education Act. there, adding that water to the main company was organized in 1897 and operated This bill achieves that goal by harmon­ source. at a loss until 1910 when Miss Marget Erhard izing the treatment accorded residents When the town o.riginally bought the willed funds to the town for continued oper­ under these acts with that accorded them 62-acre parcel of land on Dennings Road, ation of the plant. only 18 acres--where the springs are lo­ For the next 12 years, the plant "p9.id its under the Public Health Service Act, as cated-were kept and the rest was sold back own way" and in 1922, was turned over to the amended. This insures that residents will to the owner. public service commission !or the sum of $1. enjoy a reasonable period of deferment "When I came on the council in 1950," the According to Councilman Lambert, Poto­ during this important stage in their ed­ mayor said, "I told them we should buy mac Edison bought the electric plant in 1943. ucations. However, this bill does not that land back. The town didn't h ave the Councilman Lambert, along with John prejudice those residents who have money, so I bought the land in 1957 and Hessen, a local resident, was instrumental in held it until the town floated a loan and achieved deferment through one of the reorganizing the town's fire company and . existing deferment categories such as could pay me." getting the first fire engine. The land was sold to the town, Mayor "Until 1948, the town didn't have any mo­ educational deferment as administered Spoerlein said, for the same amou nt he paid torized equipment," Lambert said. "VIe used by certain institutions. for it. to push the hose, which was on a reel, right In closing, I hope that my colleagues Since the mayor was involved in conser­ up to the fire plugs. We've stlll got the old will support this needed clarification of vation, he put the acreage into a conser­ reel down at the fire station." congressional policy with re8pect to med­ vation program while he owned it. The pro­ Lambert, owner of the local laundramat ical residents. gram paid dividends because he had planted and a garage that he rents to an auto repair trees on the land. business, belleves in keeping the independ­ Today, many of those trees are being ence of the town. "I sure wouldn't want the thinned out and sold to a paper company county running us," he said. HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOM­ which also has bought several wild trees He will be watching with interest town from the same acreage. elections this May when, !or the first time in MITTEE ON CRIME OF THE HOUSE Tile thinning, besides bringing in rev­ 31 years, his name will not be on the ballot. COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY enue to the town, will allow select remain­ "I'm expecting a real big turn-out this · ON RAILROAD VANDALISM ing trees to reach full growth and they, in year," he said. "But I remember one year turn, can be sold off as lumber, which brings a higher price. when only 19 people voted. I guess the people were satisfied with everyone who was HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. And, just in case any of the springs on OF MICHIGAN the land give out, there are several more running." that stlll have not been tapped. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Until recently, water was fed to the homes Tuesday, March 1, 1977 in town and the · outlying areas by gravity. DEFERMENT OF REPAYMENT OF However, people complained that water STUDENT LOANS BY MEDICAL Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I am pressure on the second floor of their homes RESIDENTS pleased to announce that the Subcom­ was not great enough, so a 250,000-gallon mittee on Crime of the House Commit­ water storage tan k was built in 1975. tee on the Judiciary will hold a hearing The most controversial issue the mayor HON. JOHN E. MOSS on Wednesday, March 9, 1977, at 10 a .m.­ has had to deal with during his years of OF CALIFORNIA service was when he suggested a lagoon sew­ in room 2237, Rayburn House Office age disposal system for the town. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Building on the issue of railroad vanda­ After investigating the various systems Tuesday, March 1, 1977 lism. available, and taking a trip out west to see There are thousands of incidents of a lagoon system in operation, t he mayor Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I am today throwing stones and rocks and shooting invit ed an engineer to a town hearing to introducing a bill which addresses a par­ firearms against railroad trains which explain how the system worked. ticularly frustrating problem for medical occur each year. A number of States have­ "At first," he recalled, "ther e was a lot of residents. As the Members may be aware, some type of statute outlawing t hese opposition to that type system but, when we have passed a number of financial the engineer finished explaining it , people acts, but do not always enforce them. were as sold on it as I was." aid programs under the Public Health There is some question as to the utility Not only is the lagoon sewage disposal Service Act, as amended, which support of Federal legislation in this area, al­ system m uch cheaper to install, the mayor the young men and women who are pur­ though such bills have been proposed says, it is a lso cheaper and easier to main­ suing a medical education. These pro­ since 1967. The subcommittee will hold tain. grams explicitly recognize that a young 1 da y_of hearings to explore the matter. It was constructed in 1964 and has been physician's residency is an integral part Honorable WILLIAM HUGHES of New operat ing effi ciently ever since, while some of his or her education. As a consequence, Jersey and a representative from the other town s with "conventional" systems have been experiencing prob lems. repayment of educational loans under Department of Justice are expected to Wit h t h e lagoon method, Spoerlein ex­ these programs is deferred for a reason­ testify. Other witnesses expected to ap­ p lain ed, sewage goes into a large pond. From able period during which a young physi­ pear before the subcommittee are repre­ there, it run s from one lagoon in to another. cian is a resident. sentatives of the United Transpor tation He claims ther e has never been a problem Unfortunately, this is not the case with Union and the Brotherhood of Loco­ wit h odor and regular checks by the healtlh all of our educational loan programs. motive Engineers and the Secretary of departm ent always have been good. Some programs, those und-er the Higher the Department of Transportation. Lately, the Environment al Protection Agency has "been getting p articular" with Education Act of 1965 and t he Defense Those wishing to testify or submit a all sewer age systems in the stat e, so some Education Act of 1958 as they are admin­ statement for the RECORD should address updating will have t o be done to the town's istered in certain parts of the country, their request;; to the Committee on the system. require residents to begin repayment of Judiciary, 2137 Rayburn House Office "But," t he mayor added, "it works fine as it such loans during residency. Building, Washington, D.C. 20515. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5799 HUMAN RIGHTS Vance and the President share that view. doing. The story is filled with obstacles over­ I know the House does-and that the come by perseverance, dedication, and dogged American people do. too. determination plus an astute ability to go to HON. PETER H. KOSTMAYER the heart of a problem while cutting away OF PENNSYLVANIA unimportant and interfering factors. It can IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES teach others how to attack and overcome CLARK COUNTY: BLAZING THE these same problems. Further, it makes a TuesdaY. March 1. 1977 unique contribution to one of the biggest TRAIL FOR BETrER LUNCHES Mr. KOSTMAYER. Mr. Speaker, at problems of school foodservice-how to win over those young people who would rather long last we have a President who is eat at an off-campus drive-in. Every resource clearly committed not only to the sym­ HON. JIM SANTINI was used to persuade the school foodservice bolism, but to the substance of human OF NEVADA dropout that the new school lunch was better rights. than the outside fare, and it worked. It was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President Carter's reductions in finan­ a terrific job in public relations that turned cial aid to Uruguay, Argentina, and Ethi­ Tuesday. March 1. 1977 an army of doubters into an army of sup­ opia should demonstrate to the poli­ too porter s. Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, many "If you can't lick 'em, join 'em." The trick ticians, the press, and the people of those times in my brief career as Nevada's only lands that America's dedication to the is, after joining them, to work within the Member of the House, I have encoun­ restraints to achieve the goals of good nutri­ most basic and fundamental human tered some mighty skeptical people who tion, good food, high participation, adequate rights is absolutely unchangeable and think there is nothing in Nevada except operating margins and public approval. Here, that it will be backed up not by self casinos and showrooms. On the other s t ep-by-step, is how one can take an eight­ righteous polemics or saber rattling but side of the coin, many see our State as ounce portion of milk fortified with added rather by swift reductions in :financial 0 the last cowboy frontier in which John milk solids, vitamin A and vitamin 3 and aid. Wayne chases some funny looking freeze it into a 14-ounce milk shake; add a Those who do not honor America's old hamburger, a ham and cheese sandwich, bar­ animals across a vast wasteland. Neither becued beef sandwich or any other of anum­ and historic love of simple human liberty could be further from the truth. will not be the beneficiaries of our treas­ ber of bread and two-ounce portions of a To the surprise of many, even Las high protein food along with a Ys cup portion ure. Vegas-the entertainment capital of the of greens, tomatoes or pickles, plus a % cup This is why, Mr. Speaker, I was so dis­ world-does not have casino chips roll­ portion of fortified french fried potatoes or turbed to hear the Secretary of State, Mr. ing into the streets. There are actually salad, and thereby produce a meal that more Vance, defend payments by the CIA to a real people living in Las Vegas with the than meets the Type A meal standards. foreign government on television this same kind of needs and problems we face Many obstacles were put in the way of the past weekend. each day. · program. But it was done, and with no loss Secretary Vance's defense of these pay­ I thought I would point out just one of the standard that says a child shall receive ments which were not initiated by Presi­ a third of the nutrients required each day example of a program which puts Las in the school foodservice meal. dent Carter and which began long be­ Vegas on the map for reasons other than fore his Presidency violate the spirit, if Remarkably, all this was accomplished not gaming and entertainment. The Clark by an experienced foodservice operator but not the letter of the law. County School District, under the direc­ by a former business executive who looked at His defense is entirely inconsistent tion of Mr. Len Frederick, the school food the market and then designed a product that with the spirit of openness at home and services director, has revolutionized the would sell within the restr aints. We need decency abroad which Jimmy Carter school food service and nutritional pro­ more of this kind of thinking. Perhaps if we brings to the Presidency. grams. The district has set a standard had it, Congress and government agencies Secretary Vance should be willing to for our Nation to emulate. would be less critical and stop formulating depart from the so-called pragmatic laws that hamper rather than help the The program has evoked interest from program. policies of the past and embrace the school officials throughout the country. creed of candor and conscience of which While this story is a. tribute to Len Fredrick, In a time in which the consumer is be­ he is the first to remind us that one never our new President is the architect. coming more and more a ware of the ne­ achieves a goal alone. So this is a story of how With all due respect to the Secretary cessity of a balanced and nutritious a loyal, hardworking, intelligent group of of State, Mr. Speaker, I suggest at least diet, Mr. Frederick has initiated a most supervisors, managers, cooks, workers-375 in this instance that his long and distin­ innovative and effective approach to in n u mber-joined together as a team to guished Washington experience has done school lunches. make the system go. Properly, they must get us all a disservice. The participation in the Clark County their share of credit for putting over the Out in the hinterlands of America, far district lunch program has increased by "idea." away from foreign capitals and Wash­ 400 percent, the nutritional values have Within the school foodservice fraternity ington diplomats. the people question not this story is not universally accepted as one soared, the profits are solid and the par­ of notable achievement. It is, t rut h to tell, only the size of these payments, but the ents are happy. There is little more that controversial. There are those who contend fact of them as well. any school district could ask of its lunch the goals have not been met, and that the I recognize, of course. Mr. Speaker. program. program is not ·successfu l. The facts belie that our international business cannot I include the remarks of Dr. Kotsche­ them and these "doubting Thomases" are always be subjected to international var of the University of Nevada, Las in the minority and fast disappearing. scrutiny. · Vegas in the REcoRD. He explains the It is, in fact, a successful program in many But these payments are unjustifiable background and success of the program ways. It is highly innovative and imaginative. and I suspect largely unnecessary in the and the determination and dedication on It blazes a new trial. Perhaps this is why face of foreign aid which flows so openly the part of Mr. Frederick. some of the old guard and bureaucrats don't and generously to other nations. The remarks follow: like it. It doesn't follow tradition, but takes It is the secrecy and source of these a fresh approach that succeeds where the FAST FOOD GETS AN "A" IN ScHOOL LUNCH old one often failed. It has attracted many payments which Americans :find so Here is a story as romantic and fascinating strong supporters such as: Governor Mike disturbing. as any novel. Take a conventional food­ O'Callaghan, thankful to see a program that What is it about these funds dis­ ser vice operation for a large school system. "sells" in Nevada's largest foodservice system; patched by the Central Intelligence Like many such operations, it was deeply the parents, students, the School Board and Agency that is so different than those mired in deficits, poor food, low participation, Superintendent of Schools in Las Vegas, appropriated openly by Congress and frustrating operating problems, and many thankful to see an almost impossible food­ spent for legitimate aims both military disgruntled and d ismayed employees. Yet, in service system turned into a successful one; and nonmilitay. just a short time it turned around to become and the Nevada Heart Association, for lower­ Mr. Speaker, we need fewer secrets, an operation with excellent operating ing the cholesterol content after a study margins, high food standards, growing par­ showed that 25% of the students in junior not more. ticipation, smooth operating efficiency, loyal high school had higher than normal choles­ I hope that Secretary Vance will not employees who are proud of belonging, and a terol blood levels. Progressive nutritionists, confuse principle and pragmatism. 400% growth in participation while school physicians, dietitians, and others who recog­ I believe both are possible in Amer­ enrollment increased only 10% . nize achievement have also joined in the ica's foreign policy. I believe Secretary Obviously, achieving all this took much approbation. 5800 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 197.7 Progress results when one dares to over­ The play was written by Charles Fuller, a Since then, he has directed such films as turn "apple carts" of set and preconceived young playwright who also wrote a previous "Cooley High" and "Car Wash." ideas. And here is a proud story on just how Negro Ensemble Company production, "In Lonnie Elder 3d wrote "Ceremonies in Dark Len Fredrick did it and what has been the Deepest Part of Sleep." "The Brownsvme Old Men" for the ensemble, and later he wrote achieved by doing it. Raid' was directed by Israel Hicks and has the screenplay for the film "Sounder." Per­ LENDAL H. KOTSCHEVAR, Ph. D., a cast of 17, including Douglas Turner Ward formers who owe their early successes to the Prof., College of Hotel Administration, and Ethel Ayler. company include Esther Rolle, who was seen University of Nevada at Las Vegas. Mr. Ward, one of the company's founders on the television series "Good Times." Clarice and its artistic director, said that he had Taylor of "The Wiz," Moses Gunn, who is chosen "The Brownsville Raid" for the lOth seen frequently on television, in films and on anniversa:r:y presentation of the company, "to Broadway, Rosalind Cash, Denise Nicholas, remind people that the theater is about Judyann Elder, Norman Bush, Frances Foster, THE NEGRO ENSEMBLE CO. entertainment, yes, but it is also about some­ Arthur French and Hattie Winston. thing vital, it must have meaning for our "N.E.C. has never asked for financial and lives." artistic returns from the good that we have HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL "In the beginning," Mr. Ward went on, done, even from individual actors who worked OF NEW YORK "we started with 'Song of the Lusitanian and became stars," Mr. Ward said. But he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bogey,' a play about a serious real-life issue acknowledged: "I would like to be in a posi­ at that time-colonialism. Now we sort of tion now to say to an artist who's now suc­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 complete the circle with another play that cessful, 'O.K., why don't you put aside two Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I would has a meaning beyond theatricality." months in which you would be available to like to call my colleagues' attention to The play Is being staged at the Theater de come back and do a play that I find useful the important cultura-l contribution made Lys to accommodate a larger audience. But for us and useful for your growth?' " traditionally, the company's plays have Mr. Ward also is seeking to expand the by the Negro Ensemble Co. of New York opened at the St. Marks Playhouse on Sec­ company's audience and, through a better City, now celebrating its lOth year. ond Avenue. There, for a decade, audiences ma111ng list, to establish a core of about This unique institution is credited with have trudged up the long flight of stairs to 2,000 supporters. But enlarging the audience a long list of accomplished theater artists the theater auditorium to witness a com­ does not mean bringing more people into the and outstanding performances. Begin­ pany with a singular reputation in America.. 145-seat theater on Second Avenue. It means ning with a $434,000 grant from the Ford The Negro Ensemble Company set out to taking a play such as "The Brownsville Raid" Foundation, the company has admirably bring black people into the theater-on to a larger theater and moving plays to stage, back stage and in the audience. And Broadway, television and films. Mr. Ward said succeeded in establishing talented black it has succeeded. Its productions have been that he also foresaw a strengthening in the actors and actresses in the theater and well attended; some have moved to Broad­ development of black directors. affording black playWrights an opportu­ way and been seen on television. Many com­ WIDE RANGE OF MATERIAL nity to stage their productions. The com­ pany performers have also gone on to star in Although the company's most prominent pany notes as its distinguished alumni television, the movies and the Broadway plays have often been faintly portraits­ such accomplished performers as Esther stage and ensemble playwrights have earned "First Breeze of Summer," "The River Niger" Rolle, Moses Gunn, Denise Nicholas, enviable reputations. and "Eden"-Mr. Ward said that black play­ The company began with a $434,000 grant wrights are producing a wide range of ma­ Rosalind Cash, and Clarice Taylor, from the Ford Foundation and a permanent screenwriter Lonnie Elder of "Sounder," terial, of which "The Brownsville Raid" is one core company of 16 actors who usually example. and director Michael Schultz of "Cooley worked in four major productions a year. Sometimes white people "squeeze us all in High" and "Car Wash." Now, as "The Brownsville Raid" prepares to the same bag," Mr. Ward said, "but as writers, Mr. Speaker, the month of February open, actors are no longer retained on a 52- we are probably more different than alike. has been designated Black History week basis, three productions are attempted The one thing that seems to be common is Month, and it is fitting that we should each year, and the company is undergoing a that the black writer is always interested in now honor a black group that has con­ series of financial crises. the concrete, even 1f he is dealing with tributed significantly to the American The company's current budget for work­ fantasy. And I think that's very logical." shops, administration, training programs and "It's hard for us to escape concrete reality," stage. I would like to congratulate the four major productions a year is $697,000, he continued. "It's hard for us to really think Negro Ensemble Co. on the occasion of according to Gerald Krone, another com­ in abstractions when our total life has been its lOth anniversary, and encourage them pany founder and its administrative head concrete w1 th threats and dangers." in their endeavors to expand and enlarge and chief fundraiser. Mr. Ward said that he hoped to reinstitute the focus of their work for the benefit STRUGGLE TO SURVIVE the original idea of the company. "I know of those who derive great enjoyment "We've literally spent about two years that I can't pay the actors 52 weeks a year, from the theater. without getting any monies from the Ford but I want some form of a permanent com­ I would like to share with my colleagues Foundation and we've had to struggle to pany, more stable than we've had." He said sunive during that period," Mr. Ward said. the creation of "harmonious ensemble work an article on this group which appeared is impossible unless you have the ab1lity to in the New York Times on December 3, "If we don't get anything from them, it will really cut off a major source of what we've have a permanent group of people working 1976. This article delineates the con­ existed on for close to 10 years." together consistently." tribution made by the Negro ensemble "We have managed to survive despite con­ "What we have going for us," Mr. Ward which I believe my colleagues should tinual financial crises, basically because we said, "is our track record and our integrity, share. The article follows: refuse to accept that any of these crises mean and people in the industry who want to sup­ port us in doing anything know we ain't [From the New York Times, Dec. 3, 1976] that we have to stop," Mr. Ward said. "It's a strain, and there's never any assurance that jivin'." BLACK ENSEMBLE-INTEGRITY, NOT JIVE at some point the worst won't happen. But so (By C. Gerald Fraser) far it hasn't affected us in the spirit of the It is curtain time Sunday at the Theater work and the daring, the involvement and AN ESSAY WRITTEN BY MISS de Lys in Greenwich Village, Act I. Total excitement which comes from always doing SUZANNE MOORE OF CUMBER- darkness. The sound of rifie fire erupts something new." LAND, R.I. throughout the theater. "The Brownsville Mr. Ward stressed that from almost the Raid" beginS, and the Negro Ensemble Com­ outset the company has performed new plays pany has started its lOth anniversary season. in contrast with many other theater groups J. "The Brownsville Raid," based on an actual that draw liberally on revivals and classics. HON. FERNAND ST GERMAIN event, tells the story of the black soldiers "If they do one new work a season, it's like OF RHODE ISLAND of Companies B, C and D of the First triumphant programming," he said. "Here IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Battalion of the · 25th Infantry, United we are basically dealing with new works Tuesday, March 1, 1977 States Army-combat veterans of the Amer­ that are waiting to be realized. That's a icans West, the Ph111ppines and Cuba. These ditncult undertaking. Yet at the same time Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, at soldiers were accused of shooting up Browns­ it assures for a certain type of involvement. one time or another, every person in vUle, Tex., on Aug. 13, 1906, In retaliation for Finding out whether it's going to work or this country has stopped and asked him­ the racial discrimination they had experi­ enced after their arrival 16 days earlier. not, that sort o! always gives you a stimulus." self what this land of ours means to With no hearing or trial, the entire batta­ DISTINGUISHED ALUMNI them. On occasion, special individuals lion was dishonorably discharged from the In the last 10 years, the company has are able to fashion these ideas, which Army, although no black soldier said he had staged 56 major productions. Michael A. are deeply felt by all of us, into words. taken part in the shooting spree or admitted Schultz directed the first, "The Song of the A resident of the First District of knowing who did. Lusitanian Bogey," and several others there. Rhode Island, Miss Suzanne Moore of March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5801 3360 Diamond Hill Road in Cumberland, I see this Tree as my country. Of course, the spirit, that makes the United States so has been able to articulate this feeling I do know that this is merely a symbol, like special. The practical, workable mechanisinS the colors of a fiag, used to convey an idea that perpetuate the strength and growth of in just such a manner and I would like or feeling. However, it isn't the symbols­ this country constant ly call me to demon­ to bring it to your attention at this time. Russia, America, red, white and blue, or a strate and utilize my intelligence, potential, In response to the Voice of Democracy Tree that are important, for these are im­ and responsib111ty. scholarship program, sponsored by the perfect, restrictive, subject to physical boun­ Our political system, a democracy, em­ Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United daries. It is the feeling behind the symbol, powers each and every individus.l with the States and its Ladies Auxiliary, Miss the soul if you will. The thrill of a marching tools for self-governing. Perhaps nowhere Moore prepared an essay which won her band or waving fiag. To me the Tree, its else on earth are people given credit for hav­ top honors in the State of Rhode Island, steadfastness, wrinkled beauty, and capacity ing enough intelligence, self discipline, and for continuous growth, stands for what common sense to truly be masters of their and has advanced her to competition at America means to me. And it is this spirit, own destinies. Preservation and protection the national level. after the symbols are long forgotten, that of the rights to free speech, P,ress, assembly, I take special pride in bringing the will continue to thrive until the sun and petition, and religion insure that I wlll al­ following essay to your attention: love cease to shine, and rain and tears cease ways have a say in determining the course 1976-77 VFW VoicE oF DEMOCRACY ScHoLAR­ to fall. America takes. Our economic system chal­ SHIP PROGRAM, RHODE IsLAND WINNER, Suz­ lenges me to invent, improve, achieve, work ANNE MOORE as hard as I possibly can to make my dreams and my country's needs realities. Over 300 years ago, a spark of discontent "WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME," BY America has no caste system that de­ fired certain groups to leave their homes, to MARIJEAN LAUZIER, 1976-77 VFW termines the job and class I will be a part seek out a better way. Just as Prometheus, VOICE OF DEMOCRACY PROGRAM of. Whatever ingenuity I can muster will friend and benefactor of mankind, brought MASSACHUSETTS WINNER decide my social and economic success. The fire to the ancients, against the will of Zeus, inherent value system of our society calls me so did these people, our forefathers, opposing to stamp out injustice, prejudice, and apathy their ruler, bring their blazing ideas across HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND with every ounce of my personhood. For the sea. They found a new land and im­ OF MASSAC~SETTS two centuries now, the ideas and priorities pregnated the soil with their revolutionary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of America have been centered on the pre­ seeds. The rich womb nurtured them well cept that as long as powerlessness and suf­ and soon a fine, young sprout--America--was Tuesday, March 1, 1977 fering exist for anyone, we must all share the born. Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, each year task of lifting these burdens. I must come It had its growing pains, true, a.n umb111cal outside of my own plentiful world and care cord needed to be severed, and there was dis­ ;he Veterans of Foreign Wars of the about the llves of others. sention over who the true mother was. For a United States and its ladies auxiliary And so you ask: What does America mean time the future seemed logically to point to conduct a "Voice of Democracy" contest. to me? It means growing up and maturing in death, for the sprout was too young to be so The State winners have recently been a caring environment that belleves in and oppressed. And yet, though there was no selected, and I am proud to announce trusts my humanness; striving to preserve Oracle to back it up, in the air was the the freedoms of our country for myself and knowledge that one day this would be a that Marijean Lauzier of Chicopet is the Massachusetts State winner. others, and for tomorrow's young people; solendid Tree. In time, the trunk, the foun­ recognizing that it is a sacred privilege to dation of all its appendages, was completed. Ms. Lauzier, a high school student, evokes the image of Jonathan Livingston 'be living on this side of the fence, and ac­ There was no longer any question of lineage. cepting the responsibilities that accompany This most assuredly was not the last of its Seagull to describe the spirit of America. tribulations, for being born in, and being this priyilege; looking around to see a wide, She says: fertile land, soaring mountains, and glim­ exposed to the cruelties and prejudice of an The spirit that motivated our forefathers adult world is not an easy thing to do. For mering seas. to challenge slavery; the spirit that thrives All of these things and so many more less than a century later it was captured in on diversity, uniqueness and enthusiasm; a black storm, and white lightening lashed are a part of what America means to me. the spirit that allows me to be whatever But the special thing-the thing that and split its greatest branch nearly into two. good, positive, creative person that I am ca­ Fortunately, gratefully, the wound healed, touches the depths of my soul is this: Amer­ pable of being; that liberating spirit is what ica means I can look at myself, strengths, but stlll a scar is worn. America means to me. Other incidents have had detrimental out­ weaknesses, successes, and failures, and know comes when the Tree fostered some unfor­ Mr. Speaker, America means many that I have the freedom to become a good tunates and tried to block out the sun from person. I am special-America believes in things to many people, but rarely have I me. I can learn to fiy, and I'm learning to others. seen a student express their feelings AI though there have been these bad times be free. and depressions, like winter, in which leaves more eloquently than Marijean Lauzier fall and branches break, let not this facade does in her fine essay. I would like to of death disenchant us, for even after the take this opportunity to insert the full SALUTE TO OUTSTANDING harshest winters, spring and life return. text of her essay and extend my con­ JOURNALIST Its stature and fortitude have been aug­ gratulations to Marijean Lauzier. mented by time, but its arms still reach to WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME the heavens. With sanguine expectation, it (By Marijean Lauzier) Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY stretches to the day when the sprouts har­ OF MISSISSIPPI boured under its great boughs, will abide by Jonathan Livingston Seagull's heart swelled with joy as he refiected: "How much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES its side, self reliant and unafraid. It also more there is now to living! There's reason extends to the time when the equality of all to life. We can 11ft ourselves out of ignor­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 the leaves wlll be unargued, unquestioned, ance, and we can fine ourselves as creatures Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, my simply understood. of excellence and intelligence, and skill. We The rings of this Tree now count 200, and can be free." hometown of Meridian recently saw the it is not only a time to look back at the past, Two hundred years ago a handful of spir­ end of an outstanding journalist's career but on to the future, too. We see many brok­ ited, courageous people had a vision-a with the retirement of Mr. Jerry Mc­ en branches, broken dreams, at both ends; dream of a place where there would be more Kiernan, although he was better known but let that not blind us to the virtue and to life than servitude, persecution, and ty­ and really know only as Jerry Kerns. He valiance that was, and will be! No longer ranny. They fought and died to crush the came to Meridian almost 30 years ago the innocent, verdant, sprout of old, it has enslavements that bllght the free spirit and as program director of radio station been wrinkled and gnarled with trials over Ininds of men, and secured for theinSelves the years. As it gently sur rendered the things and posterity, freedom, justice, equality. WMOX, with which he retained a close of youth, wisdom and stamina took their America! That spirit, the spirit that moti­ affiliation over the years. It was in May place. vated our forefathers to challenge slavery; 1948, that he began a noteworthy career I sit alone on a pebble and watch its great the spirit that thrives on diversity, unique­ with the Meridian Star as promotion limbs make web-like patterns against the ness and enthusiasm; the spirit that allows manager. night, and the stars glitter amid them llke me to be whatever good, positive, creative He later joined the editorial depart­ so many Christmas llghts. I am mesmerized person that I am capable of being; that lib­ ment in 1950, was named city editor in by its strength and grandeur and the pride erating spirit is what America means to me. 1958, and executive editor in 1967. He also with which it stands. So high it is that its Living and acting with reverence for the fingers grasp the air at heaven's very door, past, enthusiasm for today, and great ex­ served as editor of the Farm Reporter and yet these ends are reachable; cllmbable. pectations for the future is the responsi­ during 8 years of this time. I am very How like our country is this Tree. bllity and challenge of realizing that it is pleased to have known Jerry Kerns per- 5802 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 sonally and to have been able to count Since so many of our editorials were writ­ The appearance of Frisbee's has changed, him among my friends. Meridian will ten by "old man Kerns," as he was affec­ tionately known, it is only fitting and proper the location has been moved, a restau­ never be able to replace Jerry Kerns, and that tribute be paid him in this column. rant has been added, and the facilities especially his column "It's Entertain­ Everyone liked Jerry. He was always have modernized to accommodate today's ment," but we are all better people for humorous, cheerful, composed and efficient. customers. Employees have come and having known him and for having bene­ He could make the most glum of us laugh; gone. Nevertheless, the Frisbee interest fitted from his truly outstanding abilities. he could cheer up the sad; he could give has never wavered. I would like to share with my colleagues confidence to the most unsure of us. I am sure that each of my colleagues Jerry was one of the best-read and knowl­ a story that appeared in the Meridian edgeable of men, as asset beyond price to could relate similar stories regarding Star at the time of his retirement, as well people in the newspaper "game." businesses in their districts, and possibly as an editorial. I am sure everyone in He always gave the impression, and a true that is exactly my reason for bringing Meridian joins me in wishing him well in impression it was, that he knew exactly what this story to your attention. I believe that retirement. he was doing and that he had the situation it is important to take a minute to recog­ The material follows: well in hand. One cannot overestimate the nize those small businesses and busi­ (From the Meridian (Miss.) Star, Jan. 22, confidence this attitude inspired in both his nessmen who actually made our country 1977] co-workers and the public. the success that it is today. This is not to say that Jerry was boastful EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT CHANGES SET SATURDAY or arrogant, for we never knew a more modest It is my unique pleasure to acquaint Direction of The Meridian Star's Editorial man. you with the Frisbee's and their market. Department changes hands Saturday with the Indeed, The Meridian Star in general, and retirement of Executive Editor Jerry Kerns. this writer in particular, will miss him. Managing Editor Burl H. Denson will assume The same goes for the entire Meridian com­ the executive editor's duties. munity whose interest was always dear to U.S. ECONOMY HURT BY JAPANESE Kerns leaves The Star after over 27 years his heart, both in his newspaper and civic DUMPING OF TELEVISION SETS as a reporter and editor with the 25,000-cir­ work. culation daily newspaper. Jerry's loyalty was the kind that cannot He came to Meridian in May, 1946, as pro­ be purchased by money; he was a friend as HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY gram director of WMOX radio station, of well as an employe. which he became manager in January, 1947. Good luck, Jerry, and many happy years OF ILLINOIS He began working for The Star in May, in your well earned retirement. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1948, as promotion manager, then joined Tuesday, March 1, 1977 The Star's Editorial Department as City Hall reporter, feature writer and editorial writer Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, in 1950. OLDEST AMERICAN STORE IN today over 65,000 Americans are em­ Kerns became city editor in 1958 and ex­ CONTINUANCE OPERATION ployed in the color television industry. ecutive editor in 1967. He has written a weekly column, "It's Entertainment," since Their jobs are being threatened by ever­ 1950. He has been the music anll drama HON. DAVID F. EMERY increasing numbers of foreign goods critic for the newspaper. which are flooding the American market. Kerns was editor of the Farm Reporter­ OF MAINE Imports of color television sets from published by The Star from 1959 until 1966. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Japan are four times greater than they He has been on the boards of directors Tuesday, March 1, 1977 were in 1968. The Japanese captured al­ of the Greater Meridian Chamber of Com­ most 40 percent of the American market merce, the Navy League, the United Fund, Mr. EMERY. Mr. Speaker, at a time in 1976, an incredible jump from 17.8 Red Cross, the Council on Alcoholism and when we are experiencing a decline in percent the year before. several other organizations. He served as the number of independent small busi­ American firms accuse the Japanese Lauderdale County chairman of the U.S. Sav­ nesses throughout this country, it gives ings Bond program from 1947 until this year. of dumping in order to capture the mar­ Denson has been associated with The Star me great pleasure and a genuine sense ket. Dumping means selling a product since 1967. He joined the newspaper's Edi­ of pride to represent a district which below the price the same product is sold torial Department as a sportswriter and be­ supports a prosperous neighborhood gro­ for in its home country. In 1971, the Tar­ came wire editor in 1969. Since that time he cery which has been continually owned iff Commission ruled unanimously that has l;>een city editor and news editor, and and operated by the same family for the American industry was being injured became managing editor in 1974. over 148 years. Frisbee's Market, Kittery by Japanese dumping. Industry does not He was educated at Mississippi College Point, Maine, has earned the distinction believe the practice has stopped. and the University of Mississippi and has of being recognized by the National As­ been sportswriter for the Florida Times­ These imports threaten American Union newspaper in Jacksonville, Fla., and sociation of Retail Grocers as the oldest jobs-over 12,000 people are presently sports editor of the Playground Daily News American store in continuous operation. employed in Zenith's Chicago plant of Ft. Walton Beach, Fla. The business has also been honored by alone. It is estimated that altogether Of the retirement of Kerns and the pro­ the Maine Grocers' Association as the 65,000 jobs in the industry are endan­ motion of Denson, James B. Skewes, editor­ "Grocery Store of the Year." gered. This figures does not include the publisher of The Star, said, "We will miss The independent neighborhood gro­ thousands of jobs already lost in the in­ Jerry Kerns, as we state in our editorial on cery has become especially vulnerable to page 4-A. dustry. "However," he said, "we are completely the dominance of our ubiquitous chain Mr. Speaker, I inserted two previous confident that Burl Denson will carry out supermarkets. In my opinion, the forti­ articles by Bob Wiedrich in the CoNGRES­ his new duties in the best tradition of The tude of Frisbee's is a genuine tribute to SIONAL RECORD Of February 28 regard­ Meridian Star and with complete dedication the family businesses which actually ing this serious problem. I am now in­ to the true interests of Meridian and the perpetuated the successful business or­ serting the third article of the three-part Meridian area." ganizations of today. It is especially series for the information of my col­ Kerns, one of the original employees of gratifying to me to be able to trade in a leagues: WMOX, will be featured Friday at 10:30 a.m. store that has been owned and operated on the radio station's "Time Out For Jane" JAPANESE TV SETS PLUGGED INTO DISTRICT OF program and is to be the guest of honor at by the same family for a century and a COLUMBIA an open house reception held at the station half! (By Bob Wiedrich) beginning at 11 a.m. Station manager Eddie Founded in 1828 on the ocean shore The same bureaucrats who shut their eyes Smith said the public is invited to the in Kittery Point by Daniel Frisbee, the to bribe payments to Japanese politicians by reception. original store was opened in a 17th cen­ Lockheed Aircraft have also condoned the tury building which had been confiscated illegal dismantling of the American TV mak­ [Editorial from the Meridian (Miss.) Star, from a British sympathizer in the Revo­ ing industry by the Nipponese. Jan. 27, 1977] lutionary War. As the business began to Tht angry indictment of Washington offi­ cials comes from John Nevin, Zenith Radio WE'LL MISS HIM thrive, merchandise changed from sup­ Corp. chairman, whose firm is suing seven Tomorrow is Jerry Kerns' last day at the plies for area sailors to the food market major Japanese manufacturers for $900 mil­ Meridian Star. housed in the building today. Through lion in treble damages because Uncle Sam has Jerry, our Executive Editor, is retiring after the years a member of the Frisbee family refused to protect domestic firms from un­ being in our employ since 1948. has been on hand to oversee operations. lawful foreign competition. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5803 "I don't think there is any question that The suit, which is scheduled for hearing Mr. Flanigan, 53 years old, Princeton-edu­ there were people in government who knew this summer, charges a "predatory invasion" cated and wealthy, had been President bribes were being paid foreign firms and gov­ by the Japanese in violation of American Nixon's adviser on international economic af­ ernments to sell aircraft," Nevin said. anti trust laws. fairs and a key Nixon Administration link to "I don't think there is any question that "The American television industry is not the financial community. His admirers called there were people in government who knew asking its government for anything to which him a "problem solver," and his critics said bribes were being paid foreign firms and gov­ it is not entitled," asserts Rep. Morgan Mur­ he was a "Mr. Fixit" who could make deals on ernments to sell aircraft," Nevin said. phy Jr. (D., Ill.), whose South Side con­ behalf of big business. "And I have no doubt that our government stituency includes many of Zenith's 13,000 President Ford attempted to name him also knew that TV sets were being dumped Chicago area workers. Ambassador to Spain, but the nomination on the American market by the Japanese in The $1 billion a year corporation employs was withdrawn after controversy over Mr. violation of American law. 20,489 workers in 11 plants across the coun­ Flanigan's role in the International Tele­ "But they winked at both practices be­ try and conducts two-thirds of its manu­ phone and Telegraph scandal. Mr. Flanigan cause they didn't want to ruffle any feathers. facturing operations here. was cited as having arranged for a private The TV industry wasn't that important to Murphy and a Chicago Democratic col­ consultant's report by a former Dillon, Read them. Neither were the 60,000 American league, Rep. Daniel Rostenkowski, have peti­ associate that led to the dropping of anti­ workers who lost their jobs as a result of tioned Rep. Richard Bolling tD., Mo.], chair­ trust charges against the conglomerate. their inaction. man of the joint House-Senate Economic VALUABLE EXEMPTION CANCELED "So they didn't enforce the law. Committee, to open hearings into the failure The Sansinena became controversial dur­ "I'm satisfied that at the operating levels of the departments of State, Justice, and of government there were honest people who ing Mr. Flanigan's White House years when Treasury to carry out congressional mandates the Treasury Department almost granted wanted to carry out their duties. against illegal dumping. "But their ability to do their jobs depended what would have been the only exemption We urge the committee to do just that and to the Jones Act, the statute requiring that on the support and resources furnished by with dispatch before an entire American in­ their superiors. Secondly, there should have ships engaged in trade between United States dustry goes down the drain because of diplo­ ports be of United States registry. The ex­ been legal interpretations to make their matic gutlessness and bureaucratic stupidity. tasks easier. emption, requested by Union Oil, would have "But instead, their superiors threw barriers allowed the Liberian ship to work in the in their paths. I suspect there were high highly lucrative Alaskan oil trade. level decisions made not to rock the boat The Treasury Department suspended the with Japan. THE "TORREY CANYON" AND THE ruling on March 10, 1970, moments before a "And I happen to think that that is not "SANSINENA" committee of the House of Representatives only wrong but stupid. was scheduled to open hearings on the "The kind of trade relations you want to matter. foster to benefit both countries are not going HON. GERRY E. STUDDS Critics in Congress h:!.d called the proposed to be improved by the unlawful dumping of OF MASSACHUSETTS exemption a "multimillion-dollar windfall," and pointed to Mr. Flanigan's former presi­ TV sets any more than by bribery. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Bribery and dumping, when they are dis­ dency of Barracuda and contributions to the covered, are likely to generate hostilities and Tuesday, March 1, 1977 Republican Party by Fred L. Hartley, the president of Union Oil. Mr. Flanigan issued suspicions that will lead to disruption o! the Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Speaker, one of the very trade relations you are seeking to estab­ statements denying any wrongful use of his lish. most tragic of the oil tanker incidents influence. "The people who decided to wink at these which have occurred during the past few Five months after he joined the White law violations not only did ctamage to those months was the explosion of the tanker House staff, Mr. Flanigan resigned as presi­ who lost their jobs, but also did a great dis­ Sansinena in Los Angeles harbor in De­ dent o! Barracuda and directed his lawyers to service to the development of the trade re­ cember. I believe that the following ar­ put his stock in the company into a blind lations Congress wants and the people of trust. As the controversy over the Sansinena ticle, written by New York Times re­ mounted, the stock was sold for $20,000 in both countries would support." porter John Kifner, will be qf interest to Dumping is the selling of TV sets in the order, Mr. Flanigan said, to avoid any appear­ United States at prices conside1·ably less than all of those concerned with discovering ance of conflict of interest. they are sold on the domestic Japanese mar­ something about the inner workings of The blind trust was run by his father, ket. the world's tanker industry: Horace Flanigan, who had been the chairman The sets are sold under the brand names TANKER THAT BLEW UP PROVIDES INSIGHT of Manufacturer's Hanover Trust and a di­ of major American retail chains under cir­ INTO OIL SHIPPING rector of Union Oil. The stock was bought by John Magrane, a fellow vice-president of Dil­ cumstances that Nevin charges involve fraud (By John Kifner) and misrepresentation committed against the lon, Read & Co. who had taken over as Presi­ U.S. government by the Japanese manufac­ A rare glimpse into the high-powered fi­ dent of Barracuda Tanker. nancial world of oil shipping-a. normally turers. REGISTRY A TAX HAVEN These have included the alleged payment secretive world made controversial recently by a series of mishaps by oil tankers flying American tax officials have long regarded of secret rebates to American importers and Liberian incorporation as a tax haven. Amer­ the falsification of official U.S. Customs docu­ the Liberian "flag of convenience"-is pro­ vided by the history of the tanker SaBSinena., ican corporations, for instance, are supposed ments, Nevin declared. to pay a 48 percent profits tax, although they "The laws were there to be enforced," he which blew up in Los Angeles harbor in mid­ December, killing 11 persons. frequently manage to reduce the figure. said, "but the departments of Justice and Under Liberian law, there are no taxes for Treasury failed to enforce them at the be­ The Sa.nsinena and its sister ship, the Tor­ rey Canyon, whose wreck in the English corporations operating outside of the coun­ hest of the State Department. try. Furthermore, the shareholders in Liber­ "It's my view that the State Department Channel in March 1967 caused the world's largest oil splll, were both owned by a com­ ian companies are kept anonymous, allowing has in all trade matters exercised authority them to avoid taxes in their home countries. far beyond that contemplated by Congress. pany. incorporated in Liberia, once headed by President Nixon's key economic aide, Peter M. On March 18, 1967, the Torey Canyon, "And, to avoid squabbles with Japan and owned by Barracuda and subleased at the other nations, it has played a role in dis­ Flanigan. The company, the Barracuda Tankers Cor­ time to British Petroleum Trading Limited, couraging the Justice and Treasury depart­ ran into a submerged reef in the English ments from enforcing the law. poration, was set up with a Hamilton, Ber­ muda address to build three tankers for ex­ channel and lost its cargo of 119,000 tons of "It has politicized law enforcement agen­ clusive charter to the Union Oil Company of crude oil. Much of the oil eventually de­ cies not to do their jobs. That's what Water­ California by executives of Dillon, Read & spoiled British and French beaches and har­ gate was all about-people saying that they Co., the prestigious Wall Street investment bors. When the ship rnn aground the Cap­ didn't like certain laws passed by Congress banking house to which Mr. Flanigan re­ tain o! the Italian crew manning her had so they didn't enforce them." turned after his White House years. worked 366 days without a break. Galled by governmental inaction and Among those involved in the company, ELEVEN DIE IN EXPLOSION spurred by a virtual takeover of the Ameri­ which avoided American taxes because o! its Unable to unravel who owned the ship can TV and radio market by the Japanese Liberian incorporation, was C. Douglas Dil­ through unlawful practices, Zenith Radio (one investigator at the time called Barra­ lon, Secretary of the Treasury under Presi­ cuda "a file drawer in Bermuda") the British Corp., filed its massive antitrust action in dent Kennedy. the long-time head of Dillon, 1974 in a Philadelphia Federal District Court. and French authorities seized another Bar­ Read and now the chairman of its executive racuda ship Lake Poularde, and held it until The law suit charges that through price committee. the insurers paid off $7.5 million in damages. fixing and other schemes designed to main­ HOME OF LARGEST FLEET On Dec. 17 of the last year, the 38,000-ton tain high prices in Japan and unrealistically Under a system organized by oil and ship­ Sansinena blew up in Los Angeles harbor low prices in the U.S., the Japanese conspired ping interests, the small West Africa nation while her tanks were being cleaned. Harbor to eliminate the profit margins of American of Liberia, with no natural harbor, has be­ boats recovered the bodies of the sailors, Ital­ manufacturers until they were driven into come the home of the world's largest mer­ ian nationals who were blown off the decks. the ground. chant marine fleet. The explosion, dangerously close to large on 580-1 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1Vlarch 1, 1977 storage tanks, could ha~•e been prevented, ex­ But this screening system doesn't always mission sends a list of five to Senators Lawton perts said, by a relatively inexpensive gas in­ work. For example, former Gov. Thomas Chiles and Richard Stone. The Senators hold erting system, which is not required by law. Meskill of Connecticut won confirmation to public hearings and attempt to decide on one Recent attempts to reach Mr. Flanigan were a federal appeals court, at the insistence of candidate, although sometimes they recom­ unsuccessful, but l\Ir. Magrane, a colleague at GOP Sen. Lowell Weicker, despite a "not mend more than one potential nominee to Dillon, Read, who had bought the Barracuda qualified" finding by the ABA committee. the President and let him make the choice. shares, said that Mr. Flanigan had not RAW POLITICS THE FLORIDA SYSTEM bought back his stock after returning to pri­ And senatorial vetoes of presidential nomi­ The Florida system appears to have re­ vate life and that he, l\!r. Magrane, was still moved judicial nominations from the realm the president of Barracuda Tankers. nees they don't like can be based on raw polit ics. Last year, V1rginia GOP Senator of purely party politics. In its first two years, Asked about the impact of the Sansinena. two of three judgeships have been awarded explosion on the company, l\Ir. Magrane said William Scott blocked a nomination by Presi­ pent Ford of a well-regarded Virginia lawyer to Republicans, even though both Senators in a telephone interview that "one way or are Democrats. another, it"s all covered by insurance." just because the man was associated with a party faction at odds with the Senator. But there is hardly a rush in the Senate to Asked how much money had been made by emulate the few Senators who have re­ the leasing agreement, Mr. l\!agrane replied, . Similarly, Senators and other powerful pol­ iticians often have a decisive voice in the ap­ nounced, or at least diminished, their patron­ "I'd rather not say." In 1961, it was estimated age power. Most Senators argue-and their that the initial investment of $20,000 was re­ pointments of the 94 u.s. attorneys, which also require Senate confirmation. As a result, arguments now are echoed at the Carter Jus­ turning $50,000 profit each year. tice Department-that the established sys­ says a Senate aide, a large number of U.S. tem has produced many high-quality judges, attorneys are "clearly political hacks." and that they are as committed to meritori­ With respect to judges, the need to reform ous judicial nominations as any citizens' THE MERIT SYSTEM VERSUS the patronage system is especially urgent. group. PATRONAGE For this year Congress is expected to create It is true that most judges on the federal as many as 130 additional district- and ap­ bench are highly regarded for their compe­ peals-court judgeships-expanding the fed­ tence and integrity. But even if the patron­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI eral judiciary by 25 ~c- With an additional 30 age syst em hasn't produced many incompe­ OF ILLINOIS posts on the bench now vacant, Jimmy tent judges, that is no argument for keeping Carter thus will have an unparalleled oppor­ I~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it. tunity to shape the federal judiciary for dec­ The present system is too open to potential Tuesday, March 1, 1977 ades to come. abuse, and its backrcom nature does nothing Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, since To his credit, President Carter has taken to build public respect for the judiciary. I serve as ranking Republican member one reform step, patterned after "merit se­ Moreover, its dominance by white male poli­ lection" plans in about half the states. He ticians (and white male lawyers on the ABA of the House Post Office and Civil Service has established 13 citizen advisory commis­ advisory committee) doubtle5s has something Committee, I had high hopes that Presi­ sions to nominate persons for appeals courts to do with the shocking under-representa­ dent Carter would avoid all temptations in the 13 judicial circuits The panels will in­ tion of women and minority groups on the to overemphasize partisan politics in his clude nonlawyers as well as lawyers, and they federal bench. Just five women and only 22 appointment procedures. Obviously then will recommend to the President five persons blacks are federal judges. Representative the following article which appeared in whom they consider best qualified to fill citizens' panels, operating under public scru­ the Wall Street Journal of February 28, vacancies. While the PTesident hasn't bound tiny, could reasonably be expected to be more troubled me a bit. Norman Miller, who himself to follow the recommendations, his sensitive to selection of women ·and minori­ action clearly indicat~s that he intends to ties as well as to questions of merit. is the Journal's Washington bureau chief, select nominees from among the five-person In any case, President Carter flatly prom­ discusses the Carter administration's ap­ lists. ised to remove judgeships and U.S. attorneys parent policies toward Federal judicial But moving to a merit selection system for from political patronage. It was an important appointments: appeals court judges is relatiYely easy; Sen­ promise, given repeatedly, and a partial ful­ THE l\!ERIT SYSTEM VS PATRONAGE ators have had less influence over these nom­ fillment of it is not nearly good enough. (By Norman C. Miller) inations because the courts' jurisdictions cover several states. In dealing with the far WASHINGTON.-In a presidential campaign larger number of district courts, Attorney marked by ambiguous statements, at least General Griffin Bell has made it clear that the one of Jimmy Carter·s promises was un­ FARM FAMILY OF THE YEAR administration has no stomach for challeng­ equivocal. "'All fed!'!ral judges and prosecutors should ing the entrenched patronage system. be appointed strictly on the basis of merit "This has always been part of the patron­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER without any consideration of political as­ age system (and) we can't change it without OF KENTUCKY some great upheaval," Mr. Bell says. " ... We pects or influence," he said. "Independent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bl•.te ribbon judicial selection committees can't just come and apply an order saying should be established to give recommenda­ this is the \vay it is going to be.... How Tuesday, March 1, 1977 long do you think it would take judgeship tions to the President of the most qualified Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, today, as persons available for positions when vacan­ vacancies to be filled if we disrupted the sys­ cies occur." tem? You know, we could get a lot of pub­ they have been since the beginning of Yet :\Ir. Carter already appears to have licity, but then we wouldn't get any judges." this Republic, farmers are the mainstay largely abandoned thi campaign promise. In As a former federal judge himself, l\1r. Bell upon which the rest of society depends. his administration, the prosoect is that most seems to have a tolerant view of the pa­ Sometimes it appears though that we for- · judge3 will be appointed \mder the same tronll!Je system. Indeed, he once described the get the vital contribution of those who shrouded and patronage-ridden process that connections that got him onto the bench. labor to produce the food and fiber we has long prevailed. "For me, becoming a federal judge wasn't too often take for granted, as long as it's Under this process, senior Senators of the very difficult," he told Judicature Magazine. President ·s party have the power to Yirtually "I managed John F. Kennedy's presidential available. nominate the U .S. district judges in their campaign in Georgia. Two of my oldest and Earlier this month the Farmers Home states. Senators hold this o ower as a result closest friends were the two Senators from Administration's, District 3 in the area of a long-standing Senate custom under Georgia. And I was campaign manager and I represent selected the Taylor-Green which the Judiciary Committee refuses to special unpaid counsel for the governor. It County Farm Family of the Year. I am eYen consider a judicial nominee unless the doesn't hurt to ge a good lawyer either." pleased that the Gerald Bland family Senators of the state in question give their Now Mr. Bell says he is committed to a of Elkhorn, Ky., was chosen for that approval. In practice, this means the Presi­ merit selection system, and he says he will dent often has no realistic choice except negotiate with Senators one by one, encour­ honor. to go along with a Senator's choice for a ing them to establish commissions in their The Blands are examples of the hard­ judgeship-whereupon the Judiciary Com­ states to recommend candidates to become working, dedicated and knowledgeable mittee and then the full Senate almost al­ district judges. In the past few years, Sena­ individuals who comprise today's farm­ ways perfunctorily approve the nomination. tors in at least seven states have established ing sector. Farming today is truly an The only checks on this patronage sys­ such nonpartisan commissions, and by all endeavor requiring active participation tem are examinations of proposed judges' account;:. they work well. by all family members. For Gerald Bland, qualifications by a committee of the Ameri­ In Florida, for example, the two Democratic can Bar Association and by the Justice De­ Senators have established a nine-member his wife Linda, and their three children, commission to recommend candidates for the Daneen, Michael, and Jason, to be singled partment. A finding of "not qualified" by out as the 1976 farm family is an honor the ABA committee, which occurs about lO~c bench. Each Senator appoints three members of the time, is often enough to kill a nomi­ and the Florida Bar Association appoints of which they can be justly proud. nation or at least to insure a Senate fight. three. After screening candidates, the com- The story of their efforts which have March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5805 earned them this recognition demon­ the land was yielding more than 175 bushels That our future is dependent on sacrifice strates the complexities and plain hard an acre. and prayer, work of modern fanning. I enclose for the With the aid of the FHA, Bland built up Forgive us our transgressions and revive our his operation. He says now that he would like fait h anew perusal of my colleagues an article about to see it get a little bigger, but he doesn't So we may all draw closer to each other and the Blands which appeared in the Febru­ know if or when that will happen. to You ... ary 3 edition of the Central Kentucky He's happy with the way life has been For when a nation is too proud to daily News-Journal of Campbellsville, Ky.: treating his family, farm and future. But he kneel and pray PROGRESS; BLAND FAMILY KNOWS THE MEAN­ still has a beef (no pun intended) with the It will crumble into chaos and descend into ING OF THE WORD way farmers and their produce as well as decay, dairy products are treated in the market­ So stir us wit h compassion People were saying a lot of nice things And raise our standards higher about Gerald Bland and his family Tuesday place. "When we produce something, we're at the And take away our lust for power morning. They talked about what a success And make our one desire Bland is as a farmer and a farm businessman. mercy of the buyer," Bland explained. He thinks the farming community needs to be To be a Shining Symbol They said he took a piece of overgrown Of All That's Great And Good land on top of Raikes Hill-in Taylor Coun­ better organized so it can get a larger profit ty-five years ago and worked it into a suc­ for its products. As You lead us in our stru ggle cessful dairy farm. They said the farm would Linda, 32, said she wonders at times if Toward New-Found Brotherhood! most likely keep growing and prospering, if they're really getting a fair profit for the long -HELEN S T EINER RICE. Bland kept hard at lt. hours they put into dairy farming. Bland, 35, smiled a lot while they were Bland said that farming has changed a talking. He looked proud and he had a good great deal since he was a youngster. reason to be. He and his family were being "Back then you could take a 50-acre farm, CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO THE honored as the Taylor-Green County Farm live on it and pay it off. It would be rough LENNI-LENAPE GIRL SCOUT COUN­ Family of 1976. just to live off of it anymore." CIL OF NEW JERSEY AND THE The Taylor-Green Farmers Home Admin­ He said that farmers have to think big if GIRL SCOUTS OF AMERICA IN istration (FHA) office had picked the Bland they're to make a profit. They also have to COMMEMORATION OF THE 65TH family for the honor out of about 100- 120 find ways to cut corners. That's why Bland farming families in the two-county area, ac­ is a homemade carpenter, veterinarian, ANNIVERSARY OF GIRL SCOUT­ cording to Leroy Bratcher, an FHA agent. plumber, contractor and all round handy­ ING IN OUR NATION They deserved it, he said, because they man. "If I could get help to come when I were a shining example of a prospering farm needed it, I'd be lucky," he said. "And it family. would be expensive." HON. ROBERT A. ROE At a breakfast held in honor of the Blands, Linda said she enjoys being the wife of a OF NEW JERSEY sponsored by the Taylor County Bank, dairy farmer. But at times she misses the IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Bratcher said progress was the primary cri­ city, she said. teria the FHA used to select the annual farm Like most farmers' wives, she says there's Tuesday, March 1, 1977 family of the year. always something to do. Even in the dead of Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, "We're not necessarily looking for the big­ winter " t here's something to tend to." gest or the best farm," said Bratcher, "or the March 6, residents of my congressional The children? They love the country. district and the State of New Jersey will most modern farm. We're looking for some­ Michael said he doesn't know for sure, but he one who is using his resources to move for­ thinks that he wants to be like his dad when join with the officers and members of ward and onward." he grows up. the Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Council of Gerald and his wife, Linda, certainly have Dane en said she would rather be 11 ving in New Jersey for interfaith services at the progressed since they took over their plot of the country than the city. Preakness Reformed Church, Wayne, land on top of Raikes Hill. For instance, since The family is close knit. They eat, work N.J., in commemoration of the 65th an­ 1971 they've: and play together. Because they are a dairy niversary of the Girl Scouts of America. Built a new house. farming family, they don't get away often. Built a dairy parlor and other farm build­ I rise in tribute to the significant invest­ So they've learned to socialize with each ment in the enrichment of the quality ings. other. Cleaned up their original 81 acres, making of our way of life that girl scouting has it fine pasture land and prime land for grow­ But they're obviously happy and at peace with the world. What more could any family made here in America and to seek na­ ing corn, tobacco and wheat. ask for? tional recognition of the standards of Added an additional 93 acres on to their excellence that the Lenni-Lenape Girl farm, bringing the farm's size to 174 acres. Scout Council has added to this most Built the size of their dairy herd up from 29 to 84 cows. "KEEP AMERICA IN YOUR CARE'" noble endeavor. Installed a manure pit. Mr. Speaker, the historic beginnings Increased the income of the farm 11 times. of the Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Coun­ Increased the net worth of the operation HON. TIM LEE CARTER cil commenced in Paterson, N.J., in 1923 by four times. OF KENTUCKY under the exemplary leadership of Miss Managed to raise three children-Michael, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dora Goodbody whose distinguished rec­ 7, Daneen, 11, and Jason, 2. Tuesday, March 1, 1977 ord of performance is last ingly etched Although Bland hasn't met all of his goals, in the annals of girl scouting in New life is getting a little easier for him. He hopes Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, two won­ that he can enjoy his farm a little more in Jersey and our Nation. the future and work a bit less. derful citizens of Crab Orchard, Ky., Mr. In 1968 the Councils of Clifton, Tucked away in a corner of Taylor County, and Mrs. C. L. Chadwell, took the time Passaic-Garfield, and Greater Paterson the Bland farm sits high in the county. It's a recently to write and share their merged and in 1971 was joined by the windy place that has been cold and snowy thoughts with me. In their letter they Sussex-North Warren Council to estab­ lately. enclosed a copy of a poem by Helen lish the most esteemed organization of Linda has been out of the house six times Steiner Rice entitled "Keep America in the Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Council as in the past month, she said Tuesday. Out on Your Care." I was taken by the senti­ it is comprised today. Raikes Hill it's a job to drive into town. In ment of that verse, and I believe that The people of my congressional dis­ fact, the roads are so icy that once one gets others in this august body would benefit a car moving it's not a good idea to stop. trict and State of New Jersey are deep­ The snow hasn't stopped Bland though. also from its inspiration. I offer a copy ly appreciative and gratefully acknowl­ Hardly anything has since he decided to give of this poem for inclusion in the REcORD. edge the outstanding good works of the dairy farming a go five years ago. "KEEP AMERICA IN YOUR CARE" Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Council, Inc., A factory worker in Indiana for several We are faced with many problems which, with the assistance of more than years, Bland was ready to come home to Tay­ That grow bigger day by day 2,500 adult volunteers, serves over 14,000 lor County in 1971. He had waited for the day And, as we seek to solve them girls in the New Jersey counties of Pas­ when he could return home and operate his In our own self-sufficient way, saic, Sussex, and portions of Warren, own farm. We keep drifting into chaos and our avarice Raised less than a mile and a half from and greed Bergen, and Morris. The Council Service his farm, Bland said the land was a mess Blinds us to the answer that would help us Center is located at 555 Preakness Ave­ when he and Linda came back home. in our need ... nue, Paterson, N.J., and they maintain .. You couldn't have raised 25 bushels (of Oh, God, renew our spirit and make us more out-of-door program centers at Camp corn) an acre back then," he said. Last year aware Clipawaga, Sparta, N.J.; Camp Meyer 5806 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 Hewitt, N.J.; Camp Sunowa, Sussex, N.J.; Whereas, Girl Scouts of the United States and know you and our colleagues will of America is quietly and effectively helping want to join with me in saluting the Camp Te-Ata, Central Valley, N.Y. to unite young Americans of all races, creeds, Mr. Speaker, the objectives, scope and ethnic and ecouomic backgrounds and is pro-· Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Council and focus of the Girl Scout program are de­ viding to millicns of girls and adults un­ extend our heartiest congratulations fined in four emphases adopted by the limited opportunities for self-development and best wishes to the Girl Scouts of Girl Scouts of America, as follows: and responsible service to their communities America upon the observance and cele­ THE EMPHASES and to the nation; and bration of their 65th anniversary in· Deepening awareness of self as a unique Whereas, Girl Scouts of the United States service to the youth of America and the­ of America, true to its pioneering tradition, person o! worth. leadership capabilities and future well Relating to others with increasing sklll continues to anticipate the changing needs being of our Nation. of girls and of the society and to encourage maturity and satisfaction. Developing values to give meaning and di­ its nearly· four million members to be doers, rection to life. rather than talkers, leaders, not followers, and givers, not takers: Now, Therefore, be it Contributing to society through her own BUSING PLANS CAN GO FAR-FROM talents and in cooperative effort with others. RESOLVED by t he Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of POONA TO ALTOONA The Girl Scout program activities sup­ America in Congress assembled that the port the Emphases by providing opportu­ week of March 6-12, 1977 1s designated as nities to build knowledge, skills and com­ "Girl Scouts of America. Week" and the Pres­ HON. -EDWARD J. DERWINSKI petencies. In a group setting a girl de­ ident is authorized and requested to issue OF ILLINOIS a proclamation calling on the people of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES velops sensitivity to the feelings, needs United States to commemorate the Girl and attitudes of others; a sense of be­ Scouts of the U.S.A. on the 65th anniversary Tuesday, March 1, 1977 longing and a sense of human interde­ of the founding of this most prestigious Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it has pendence. youth organization for its progressive spirit been clear over the years that the ma­ To help achieve their objectives, the and for its firm commitment to the values that have made thi& a. great Nation. jority of Members in Congress feel that Girl Scouts are directed and assisted by the cause of education has not been many outstanding community leaders Mr. Speaker, Girl Scouting in America well served by the various court-ordered who generously and unselfishly extend began in Savannah, Ga. on March 12, busing plans. their · time and personal efforts to the 1912 under the direction of Mrs. Juliette In fact the courts have managed to youth who participate in scouting Low, who, while living in England, be­ complicate the education process in throughout our community, State, and came interested in the work of her many city school districts rather than Nation. friend, Lord Baden-Powell, . founder of to solve the segregation problem. I especially commend to you the fol­ the Scouting movement. Mrs. L<>w was An article by Michael Kilian, the Chi­ lowing officers and members of the board determined to have American girls share cago Tribune's resident philosopher, ad­ of directors of the Lenni-Lenape Girl in the excitement of Scouting and, upon dresses this subject in a most interest­ Scout Council, Inc., for their dedication, her return to the United States, estab­ ing fashion in his column of February 22. direction, and personal commitment in lished the first American Girl Scout The article follows: achieving the goals and purposes ,of the troop. In June 1913, the first national BUSING PLANS CAN Go FAR-FROM POONA Girls Scouts of America: headquarters of the Girl Scouts was TO ALTOONA BOARD OF DIRECTORS, LENNE-LENAPE GIRL opened. In June 1915, the Girl Scout IVORY TOWER, Mo.-The United States Civil SCOUT COUNCIL organization was incorporated, and on Plights Commission today urged the adop­ Mrs. Margaret Wend, President; Mrs. Sus::\n March 16, 1950 the congressional char­ tion of nationwide interstate busing as the Ronk, First Vice President; Mrs. Sharon Sul­ ter was granted. only practical means of reversing school seg­ livan, Second Vice President; Dr. Henry Bar­ regation in industrialized urban states. tol, Third Vice President; Mrs. Eleanor Today, Girl Scouting presents a single, · " When you compare all-black schools in St. Brychta, Secretary; Mr. William Carew. Treas­ continuing program of activities for girls Louis with all-white schools in Cheyenne, urer; Mrs. Louise Bartley. as they progress through the four age Wyo., busing across state lines obviously is · Miss Diane Bennett, Mr. David Caliri, Mrs. levels of scouting; the Brownie Girl the only answer," said Selwyn Dimly, com­ Garolyn Cox, Miss Jan Engle, Rev. Mary Scouts, the Junior Girl Scouts, the mission chairman. Frances Evans, Mrs. Doris Gale, Mrs. Ruth Cadette Girl Scouts, and the Senior Girl Dimly spoke at a news conference called to Gannon. Scouts. These activities are based on six announce t he release of the commission's Mrs. Elaine Giardino, Mrs. Ginney Gravatt. 3,000-page report, "Desegregation: Come Mr. George Kick, Miss Iris Lynn, Mrs. Geneva elements that form the foundation of What May." The news conference was held 1\Ialetsky, Mrs. Carol Matheis. the Girl Scout program-the meaning at the commission's offices here, deep in the Miss Theresa Rooney, Mrs. Jane Roseman, of the promise and laws, service to thickly forested heights of Maryland's Catoc­ Mrs. Dorothy Volpe, Mr. Ervin E. White, Mr. others, troop management by the girls tin Mountains. Robert Wilcox, Mr. Sy Baumstein, Mrs. Ade­ themselves, citizenship, international "From where we sit, it's perfectly clear," line Shipp, Miss Adele Collier, Mrs. Mary friendship, health, and safety. - Dimly said. "If you're going to integrate Metzger. Since the date of the founding of the schools, you have to mix up black kids and white kids. Factors like time, distance, and Mr. Speaker, may I also take this op­ Girl Scouts of America, this prestigious family structure become irrelevant." portunity to call your attention to a res­ youth organization has grown from an Dimly said the commission studied several olution I have introduced in the House to eight-member group to a 2.8 million cur­ alternatives to interstate busing, but rejected commemorate the 65th anniversay of the rent membership of young ladies. them as impractical. Girl Scouts of America which will be cele­ Through their leadership qualities of "Interstate jetting by commercial airliner brated during their official birthday week self -reliance, self -control, international is too expensive," he said. "Interstate rail­ March 6-12. The text of the resolution is, friendships and exch,."\.nge, kindness, roading is out because Amtrak doesn't have courtesies, and eagerness to serve others, enough passenger trains to move people on as follows: the scale we en vision." H.J. RES. 277 their contribution as citizens of their The chairman said the commission had Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ community has helped eliminate prej­ decided to abandon its earlier position call­ resentatives of the United States of America udices; provided leisure to young and ing for the busing of white and black chil­ i n Congress assembled, that-- adults alike, and particularly our disad­ dren between major cities and suburbs. Whereas Girl Scouts of the United States vantaged and senior citizens; achieved a "In too many cases, the whites si mply of America, chartered by the Congress of the greater communion and understanding moved to more outlying suburbs," he said. United States is this year celebrating the among the peoples of the world; and en­ "I don't understand why all blacks and 65th anniversary of its founding; and whites can't live together in perfect har­ Whereas Girl Scouts of the United Stat es couraged public concern as well as ac­ mony," he said. "After all, it's called for in of America, begun as a movement to liberate tion programs for the preservation, pro­ our commission guidelines." girls from narrow, confining life-roles, has tection and enhancement of our environ­ Dimly said that the commission is study­ since taken the lead in advancing what are ment--all a significant investment in the ing other measures for possible use if inter­ today unlversal concerns as protection of the enrichment and excellence of the quality state busing does not prove satisfactory. environment, youth participation in self­ These include : government, strengthened roles for the vol­ of our way of life here in America. Destruction of all expressways, interstate unteer worker, and international under­ Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the oppor­ highways, and commuter lines as a means standing through friendship; and tunity to present this statement today of stemming the suburban exodus. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5807 Creation of a new government agency to been operating under a new banking ferential, if any, should be decided by the regulate all travel and changes of residence. code. Maine has gone farther than any agencies, which have the expertise to ad­ Classification of racial animosity as a fed­ State in the Nation in implementing the just interest rates in response to varia­ eral offense. tions in State banking codes. Establishment of racial quotas for all structural reforms recommended by the neighborhoods. Hunt Commission on Financial Reform. I hope that the Banking Committee New government rules requiring peace on The new Maine code has removed many will give serious consideration to the earth and goodwill to men. of the artificial barriers to competition problems in Maine's banking system. Asked his response to the commission's among financial institutions while at the The State legislature reformed Maine's proposal, President Carter said his 36 refer­ same time preserving an institution's banking laws in anticipation of similar ences to "ethnic purity" and his subsequent ability to specialize in credit markets reform on the national level, and now apologies for that "slip of the tongue" made vital to the State. To increase competi­ Federal legislation is needed to comple­ his position clear. He then posed for pictures in the Rose tion, the new law allows both commer­ ment Maine's modern banking code. Garden holding two babies, one black and cial and thrift institutions to establish one white. branches on a statewide basis with the In areas where the program is already permission of the superintendent of underway on an experimental basis, many banking, authorizes thrift institutions to LITHUANIAN-AMERICAN COMMU­ families reported that their children had offer personal checking accounts, credit NITY OF MELROSE PARK, ILL., not returned from school for several weeks­ cards and full consumer credit services, RESOLUTION although one Salem, Ore., woman reported receiving a post card from her 10-year-old and permits financial institutions to daughter postmarked Altoona, Pa. convert from one type of institutional HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI charter to another; for example, from a Appearing on the television show, Press OF U.LINOIS the Nation, Atty. Gen. Griffin Bell said he savings bank to a commercial bank. was entirely confused by the situation-and In view of the far-reaching changes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES everything else. in Maine's banking code, the State legis­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 The Supreme Court issued a ruling limit­ lature adopted on June 26, 1975, a reso­ ing interstate busing to within one mile of Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I wish any state boundary except in Idaho's Bitter­ lution requesting the expeditious con­ to bring the attention of the President, root Mountains and at the bottom of the sideration and implementation by Con­ Secretary of State, and Foreign Service Great Lakes. gress and Federal regulatory bodies of advisers to the contents of a resolution Gov. George Wallace said that 1f he failed the Hunt Commission recommendations, adopted by the Lithuanian-American to win election as a United States senator including elimination of the regulation from Alabama, he would try again in North Community of Melrose Park, Dl., in con­ Q interest rate differential. Unfortu­ junction with the commemoration of the Dakota, or possibly Iowa. nately, Congress has not completed ac­ A spokesperson for the South Boston White 59th anniversary of the reestablishment Citizens Council and Alliance of Street Ran­ tion on financial reform legislation which of the independent state of Lithuania on gers said it heartily endorsed the commis­ would address this problem. · February 16, 1918. sion's plans and was canceling its scheduled Maine banks have operated under the The resolution, in my judgment, ac­ torchlight parade. State's progressive new banking law ·for curately represents the views shared by Dimly said the commission would now be 16 months-long enough to determine the taking on a more international role. A com­ Lithuanians throughout the free world. · effect of this law on the competitive I insert the resolution at this time: parison of schools in Africa and India and balance between commercial and thrift Canada and the United States indicated an institutions. The evidence indicates that RESOLUTION urgent need for action, he said. the Regulation Q interest rate differential We, Llthuanian-Americans of Melrose "After all," he said, '·They can put buses Park, Illinois, at a meeting held on Febru­ on ships." has produced a competitive imbalance, ary 19, 1977 commemorating the 59th anni­ since commercial banks' share of the de­ versary of the reestablishment of the inde­ posit market has declined considerably. pendent state of Lithuania on February 16, DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS In 1967, commercial banks in Maine 1918, and the 726th anniversary of the for­ AMENDMENTS OF 1977 had 52.86 percent of total deposits; by mation of the Lithuanian Kingdom in 1251, June 1976, their share had declined to send our warmest greetings to the people of 49.58 percent, a loss of 3.28 percent in the Soviet-occupied Lithuania and pledge HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN market share and the equivalent of a loss our unwavering support for the restoration OF MAINE of Lithuania's sovereignty and unanimously of $136 million of the total deposit adopt the following resolution: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES market. Whereas in 1918 the independent state of Tuesday, March 1, 1977 A recent survey in Maine has dis­ Lithuania was reestablished by the free exer­ covered a high awareness of the interest cise of the right of self-determination by Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, I voted for rate differential among depositors. Nat­ the Lithuanian people; and final passage of the Depository Institu­ urally, a consumer will choose to bank at Whereas until 1940 Lithuania was a sov­ tions Amendments of 1977 because I the institution which offer"s him both ereign nation, a member of the League of strongly support the provisions of the checking and savings services and an Nations and signatory of numerous interna­ bill relating to Federal credit unions. extra one-quarter of a percent interest tional treaties with the Soviet Union; and Whereas the Soviet Union during June 15- Title IV of the bill contains many of the rate. 17, 1940 invaded and occupied Lithuania, provisions of the Credit Union Mod­ In the absence of comprehensive, na­ and subsequently, forcibly annexed the ernization Act, which I introduced last tional financial reform, two possible Lithuanian Nation into the Soviet Union; month. The expanded powers which this solutions to the problem of competitive and bill gives to credit unions will permit inequities in Maine's banking structure Whereas the Soviet Union continue to con­ them to operate more efficiently and to suggest themselves. duct a policy of colonization, Russification, better serve the financial needs of their One approach would be for the Bank­ ethnic dilution and religious and political members. Since most of the powers of ing Committee to consider a regional persecution; and Whereas the people of Lithuania to this credit unions have not been changed in financial reform bill for New England. day are risking and sacrificing their lives in 42 years, since passage of the Federal The NOW account experiment in New defiance of the Soviet regime as most re­ Credit Union Act, I believe that these England is a precedent for this approach. cently untold number of Lithuanian and reforms are long overdue. The other possible solution would be to Russian dissidents have been arrested and I am, however, concerned about the permit the regulatory agencies to elim­ imprisoned for the publication or dissemi­ provisions of the bill providing for a inate or change the differential, without nation of "The Chronicle of the Lithuanian 1-year extension of regulation Q. This congressional consent, in States where a Catholic Church"; and authority has been extended several competitive imbalance is evident. In my Whereas the United States Government times since its enactment in 1966, and I opinion, a congressionally mandated in­ maintains diplomatic relations with govern­ ment of the Free Republic of Lithuania and believe that in some States-including terest rate differential imposes excessive consistently has refused to recognize the un­ Maine-the interest rate differential is restraints on the flexibility of the regula­ lawful occupation and forced incorporation creating a serious competitive imbalance tory agencies attempting to promote of this freedom-loving country into the So­ among financial institutions. equitable competition among financial viet Union; and Since October 1975, Maine banks have institutions. The amount of the dif- Whereas the 89th U.S. Congress unani- 5808 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 mously passed House Concurring Resolution Taxpayers take advantage of this winters will continue to increase. In ad­ 416 urging the President to raise the ques­ deduction on over 20 million taxable re­ dition, the w·arning signals have begun to tion of the Baltic Nations status at the turns. This is approximately 30 percent United Nations and other international appear regarding severe mineral and forums; now therefore be it of the taxable returns filed. The average materials shortages. Already, the United Resolved, that we, Lithuanian-Americans deduction is about $47'7 in the $15,000 to States imports large volumes of vital will urge the President to vigorously imple­ $20,000 range. For those with adjusted strategic materials and the role of for­ ment the House Concurrent Resolution 416 gross incomes below $5,000, the average eign supplied minerals is predicted to in­ to the fullest extent; and further deduction is even larger, $522, represently crease. Within the United States only Resolved, That we urge the Secretary of over 10 percent of their income. The one greater frontier remains, a frontier State, during the Belgrade Co:n.ference, in largest beneficiaries in this group are which is known to have a storehouse of compliance with the humanitarian provi­ probably the elderly with meager incomes oil, natural gas, and minerals not to sions of the Final Act of the European Con­ ference on Security and Cooperation, to pro­ and large medical costs. mention timber, fish, and agricultural test the persecution and imprisonment of Because of the complexity of the pres­ potential. Prudent management of Lithuanians by the Soviets; and further ent calculation, many people now resort Alaskan lands is essential to insure that Resolved, that copies of this resolution be to the less valuable standard deduction these critical resources be available to forwarded to the President of the United or make errors in the calculation which Americans while preserving the more States, the United States Secretary of State, cost them money in excess tax payments. scenic areas of my great State. the United States Ambassador to United Na­ My bill would eliminate most of these I wish to share with my colleagues the tions, the United States Senators, members complications. remarks offered at our meeting by Mr. of the House of Representatives, the Lithu­ anian Minister in Washington, D.C., the Additionally, most families will receive Frank Murkowski which clearly illustrate Lithuanian Consuls in New York City and some tax savings from this bill. A family the need for reasoned, considered judg­ Chicago and the press. with income of between $15,000 and ment on this matter: $20,000, for example, will save about $54. ALASKA STATE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE The Federal Government will lose some PRESENTATION revenue as a result of these changes. Good morning, my name is Frank Murkow­ MEDICAL EXPENSE DEDUCTION However, this loss will help those whose ski and I am Chairman o! the Alaska State earnings have not kept pace with the Chamber of Commerce, a director of the skyrocketing costs of medical care over Alaska Visitors Association, and President of HON. MARTHA KEYS the past several years. These costs have Alaska ~~·ational Bank of the North. As we present our recommendations on the OF KANSAS risen much faster than the general rate permanent utUization of Alaska lands, I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of inflation. think it is important that at the same time The tax package presently being pro­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 we consider the fact that our nation is in posed by President Carter will ease the the throes of the most severe energy crisis in Mrs. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, I am today burden of families who qualify for the our history brought about by severe weather introducing a bill to simplify the medical standard deduction, but no comparable conditions in the Eastern United States. The expense deduction for American tax­ relief is being proposed for those who fact that the United States is presently burn­ payers. itemize. My bill would assist those fami­ ing twice as much natural gas as we're find­ Under present law, the medical ex­ ing with reserves having dwindled from 293 lies with significant medical expenses by trillion cubic feet in 1967 to 228 trillion feet pense deduction must be computed by the permitting them to deduct a greater por­ in 1975 must bring us all to the realization taxpayer in three separate steps-one for tion of their drug and other medical ex­ that our nation, in order to maintain our insurance, one for drugs, and one for penses. More importantly, it will sub­ economic strength and viability, will have to medical care expenses. A deduction is stantially simplify this complex deduc­ look more to Alaska as a major resource permitted for the expenses of medical tion for a larger number of taxpayers. supplier. care to the extent they exceed 3 percent In my judgment, this measure is an The well intentioned parties that feel a of adjusted gross income. Drugs and important and necessary step toward tax major part of Alaska. should be locked up in a vast pristine wilderness are being as un­ medicine may be included but only to the simplification, and I urge my colleagues realistic as mother nature was realistic in extent they exceed 1 percent of adjusted to give it their support. the devastating winter storms that have re­ gross income. Medical insurance is sub­ cently occurred on our East Coast. ject to two additional calculations: First, We must today-right now-look beyond one-half of medical insurance premiums, the contribution which resource development but not to exceed $150, may be deducted ALASKA STATE CHAMBER OF can make for Alaska's sake and understand in full; then the balance may be included COMMERCE PRESENTATION that the welfare of all peoples must be rec­ with other medical expenses subject to ognized. Not only with regard to the needs of our sister States, but the population o! the the 3-percent limitation. world as a whole. All these limitations and adjustments HON. DON YOUNG Alaska is rich in energy--oil, gas, and coal. require ten lines on the tax form-seven OF ALASKA Commercial quantities of most hard rock of them requiring computations. More­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES minerals are found in our State. We have over, the explanation of the medical ex­ vast forests of virgin timber, much of it Tuesday, March 1, 1977 penses provisions in the Instructions en­ over mature. We have the capability to raise titled "Your Federal Income Tax" fills Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, quantities o! grains and other agriculture five full pages. No doubt many taxpayers the Alaska congressional delegation products. We are blessed with superb scenery, grand recreational fac111ties, and numerous have had the experience of pouring and the Governor recently conducted varieties of magnificent wildlife. This entire through the instructions and completing 2 days of meetings with representa­ treasure house comes from our land. all the calculations only to discover they tives of many State organizations Yet to contemplate permanent designation are ineligible for the deduction. concerning the disposition of the D-2 of significant portions of our State's land My bill would simplify this deduction lands or na tiona! interest lands in mass without systematic identification of by placing all medical expenses in the Alaska. Classiftca tion of the 80 mil­ those areas that have the highest resource same category. The 1-percent floor for lien acres authorized in the Alaska potential and insuring that these areas can Native Claims Settlement Act is of ob­ be developed as they are needed is not only drugs and medicine would be eliminated short sighted but foolhardy. as would the special treatment for a por­ vious import to the citizens of Alaska but Further it i3 outrageous to consider the tion of medical insurance premiums. In­ more importantly, this land classification permanent designation of lands in Alaska stead, both these expenses would be com­ will have national repercussions. Amer­ by our Federal Government when land selec­ bined with other medical care costs. The icans know full well what energy short­ tions have not been completed by our na­ total would then be deductible to the ex­ ages mean: The Arab States, via an oil tive people nor has the State itself fulfilled tent it exceeded 2 percent of adjusted embargo, literally paralyzed large por­ its selections. The right of the State to gross income. These simplified calcula­ tions of our country and Mother Nature select its land was assured under our state­ hood act. tions would require only three lines on with a severe winter caused the closing As we contemplate the designation of the tax form, and the taxpayer would be of countless schools, businesses, and fac­ Alaska's lands let us take into account the able to determine easily whether he was tories. Without the development of addi­ magnitude of our responsibility and apply likely to qualify for the deduction before tional domestic supplies of oil and gas, it in a. personal sense to the needs of man­ completing the calculations. our vulnerability to embargoes and cold kind. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5809 Let us set aside a portion of the land to formed of all such oversight of their rec­ tiona! winners in the annual voice of harvest a food supply. We have over 15 mil­ ords. democracy scholarship program, spon­ lion acres of tillable land in Ala~ka and one This bill provides for protection and sored by the Veterans of Foreign Wars of day it will be called upon to feed the peo­ ples of the world. preservation of the confidential relation­ the United States. Let us set aside land for harvesting timber ship between financial institutions, their This year, California is proud to have so that we can ensure a lumber supply to customers, and the constitutional rights as its representative in the final judging build. our homes and supply cur fiber needs. of those customers by prescribing policies of the voice of democracy contest State Let us set aside land for our energy needs and procedures to insure that customers winner Susan E. Link. for oil, coal, and gas for our heating, our have the same rights of protection Miss Link is a resident of the city of cooking_ our synthetics, and to power our against unwarranted disclosure of their Visalia, in California's 17th Congression­ industry. records as if the records were in their al District, which I am privileged to rep­ Let us set aside land for the development of our hard rock minerals so that we can personal possession. The bill particular­ resent. She is a senior at Mount Whitney continue to make the tools we need to be­ izes the degree to which governmental High School and looks forward to pur­ come more efficient in utilizing our non­ agencies may obtain access to confiden­ suing a prelaw university cw-riculum. I renewable resources. tial financial records of citizens, and it am particularly pleased to have the op­ Let us set aside land for our wildlife to requires governmental agencies to in­ portunity to insert in the RECORD Miss multiply and prosper. form citizens whose financial records are Link's contest entry, based on this year's And, last, let us set aside land for our under scrutiny of the character of the theme, "What America Means to Me": recreation needs. This is very much a neces­ search warranting their inspection. sity of man's well being and provides ful­ WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME fillment of his spirit. Specific statutory guidelines are in­ America! To me, there is no other word We can and we must apply our land utili­ cluded with respect to confidentiality on with so much meaning. In just seven letters zation formulas on a highest and best use the part of the Government and the it spells out peace, freedom, justice, happi­ basis along with the multiple use concept financial institution involved, customer ness-in fact, everything that is good. It when appropriate. The concept of single use authorizatfon, subpena power, sum­ means a chance to be who I want to be, re­ has its place in the management of certain monses, search warrants, and record­ gardless of who I am now. But, most of all, lands. Usually specific parcels, but certainly keeping and reporting. However, no America means pride ! not millions of acres. That definition may seem surprising to It is in the best interest of our country limits are placed on examination and some people, because we have become ad­ and Alaska to have the U.S. Borax mine near disclosure by any Federal supervisory justed to seeing only what is embarrassing Ketchikan become a reality; we need the agency of financial records in the exer­ about the United States. And, heaven knows, molybdenum to maintain our country's cise of its supervisory function or in the we have our share of things of which to be strength and make our tools. Our timber in making of reports and returns required ashamed. Our problems, at times, do seem to the Tongass National Forest can be har­ under the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. be overwhelming. But pessimism, like apathy, vested like any other crop-yet the Udall We all expect our bank records to be is contagious, and can very easily reach bill would make this area of the State a confidential, and it is a shocking revela­ epidemic proportions. Fortunately, optimism non-productive uninhabited wilderness. To works almost the s3.me way. But, there's a place our tlllable agriculture lands in the tion to find how easy it is for somebody catch. It has to be backed up by reason. Any­ Yukon and Tannana valleys in a classifica­ in an official capacity to secure informa­ one, including me, can stand up and say "Yes, tion that would preclude development would tion on transactions which we rightfully America is the greatest country", and "The be tragic. regard as private. In this regard, the de­ American Way is the best way". But, even These deliberations on the classification cision of the Supreme Court in United though these statements may be true, and and utilization of Alaska lands must stand States against Miller which ruled that I believe they are, not any one of us is going the test of time for the whole world will financial records are the property of the to swallow them without being told why the eventually examine our handy work. financial institution and that the indi­ American Way is the best way, and why It is the consensus of the State Chamber America is the greatest country. It is too that our resources are to be used for the vidual has no control over who has access bad that so many Americans, and I am not continuance of mankind and his life styles. to his records is noteworthy. This bill in guiltless of this, have become used to seeing We would ask the question, "Who does some measure enables what is now a pub­ only the bad. the land belong? To the government-to the lic misconception to become reality. So, let's talk about what's good in America. people-or both?" The Financial Privacy Act of 1977 sim­ After all, good things and good people are ply seeks to require Federal agencies to really what America's all about. And let's show probable cause before undertaking start with that always controversial subject, the examination of an individual's finan­ Government. cial records. It aids Congress in clarify­ Oh, boy, can I see the eyebrows shoot up! RIGHT TO FINANCIAL PRIVACY Government good? Why, everyone knows ACT ing its intent with regard to the privacy that government is bad and that all poli­ of financial records, modifying certain ticians are crooked, right? Wrong. The gov­ sections of the Bank Secrecy Act and ernment set up by our Constitution works HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO freeing others from unnecessary con­ well, and has for over two hundred years. Not OF CONNECTICUT fusion. a whole lot of governments can say that. For IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I urge serious consideration of the example, with every change of leader, the merits of this proposal to keep citizen French Constitution is almost entirely re­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 confidence in the functions of govern­ written. And how about Russia? Their much­ Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, we have vaunted Communist regime has only been men tal agencies and to guard against in existence for less than half the time the heard quite a lot lately about the need abuses by such agencies which threaten United States has. In fact, if you want to for governmental reform and account­ the constitutional privileges of Ameri­ get right down to the nitty-gritty, the vast ability. In no respect is this more ap­ cans. By enacting legislation in this majority of nations in this world have parent than in discussions about the need manner, not only does the Congress safe­ pretty unstable governments. And yet, the for oversight of Federal financial in­ guard the rights of citizens, but it also U.S. has come through assassinations, wars stitutions and their ability to comb at assures a healthy climate for financial (including a Civil War), financial crisis, even will the confidential records of private transactions beneficial to the economy an unprecedented resignation with flying citizens. We must insure that the func­ coloz:s. Our system didn't collapse. There of our Nation. were no blood-baths. Our government was tions of these institutions are carried prepared for anything, and because of her out without infringing upon the right of readiness, was able to keep right on working individual citizens to reasonable assur­ and building. Our system does work. Even ance of privacy in their personal finan­ WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME in my short lifetime, I've seen proof positive cial transactions. that it does. In the spirit of such reform, Congress But, no governmental system can work should approve legislation governing the HON. JOHN KREBS without people. Politicians and ditch-diggers, disclosure of certain financial informa­ OF CALIFORNIA doctors and farm-laborers, lawyers and gar­ bage men-all play an integral role in the tion to Federal agencies. Therefore, I am IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES joining with several of my colleagues in way America works. I think the recent elec­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 tion is a prime example of how true this is. cosponsoring the Financial Privacy Act With so much of the nation's focus turned of 1977 to help insure the inviolability of Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, California to her problems (inflation, for example), tax and bank records from unwarranted students have twice, in recent years, won voter turnout was predicted to hit an all­ inspection, as well as to keep citizens in- top honors and awards as first-place na- time low. The explana tlon? "People are just 5810 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 too wrapped up in their own troubles to creating the only danger to a late-night II, Korea and even in Vietnam. We saw worry about their country." But then, as the stroll around town. You know your neigh­ our friends disabled in combat handi­ two candidates began to campaign, it be­ bors and they know you." capping them for life and reducing them But paradise it was not, he complains. came more and more clear that the nation's to an uncertain future. I would like to problems affected our own individual prob­ They "tracked" him into a program of study lems. The result of this realization was a and made him cut his hair. "My history take time out to call attention to a man voter turnout nearly double what was pre­ teacher taught the class that Hitler lost who deserves our recognition and our dicted, and, even better, an end to the World War II because God had put into his heartfelt thanks. Dr. Howard A. Rusk is apathy that had been running rampant. mind to open a two-front war." God takes recognized by many today as the "father There is so much more I could say to il­ care of things, he says he was told. of modern rehabilitative medicine." lustrate why America means pride to me. I "I was soon being harassed by the student Dr. Rusk gave up his internal medicine body and some teachers for objecting to such could, for example, tell about our court sys­ practice in St. Louis and joined the Air tem which, although slow, really does work surprise," Dewolk writes. "I was taunted and for the good of all people. Or, I could tell threatened because I once said marijuana Force in 1942. It was here that he came about the millions of people who volunteer should be legalized and the war in Vietnam face to face with the challenge that their time a.nd money to combat cancer, was wrong. The favorite epithet slung at me would shape the future of his work in multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, a.nd just was 'faggot'. Ostracized, I sat by myself medicine and alter the lives of hundreds about any other disease or defect you can daily when eating lunch." of thousands of handicapped individuals. name. Then, too, there are all those who take To anyone who has lived in a town like Faced with the dilemma of how this Na­ Huntingdon-and all of us do-the picture is the time to bring sunshine to the lives of tion, with its sophisticated medical re­ lonely senior citizens. I could go on for pretty clear already. This Dewolk, or whoever hours, maybe even days, telling of all the he is, was a misfit. He was probably an sources, could meet the needs of handi­ good things that are going on all over this obnoxious character who got on people's capped persons and enhance their ability nation. nerves. Some city people are like that, and to be independent, Dr. Rusk set out to So, peace, freedom, liberty, justice, happi­ they're so inured to rudeness they aren't even meet these challenges through rehabili­ ness-all of these are what America means aware of it. tative medicine. to me. They are the basics upon which Six years ago (say, 1970), long hair was Dr. Rusk not only deserves credit for America was formed. But, even above them, grudgingly accepted. The newspaper was s:ly­ establishing an exemplary rehabilitative America means pride to me-pride, of course, ing for the tenth time we should get out of in these principles which are the benefits of Vietnam. Marijuana was in fairly common research program in the Department of democracy, but, moreover, pride in the good use among high school students. We can as­ Rehabilitative and Physical Medicine, for which America stands. Her government sume it would be about the same in Hun­ New York University College of Medi­ and people are strong enough to keep the tingdon. cine, but his international contributions good thriving, and to choke out the evil. Mr. Dewolk's problem was not his ideas, but are equally commendable. His work has Pride in America is essential to our exist­ his personality, in all probability. earned him the Distinguished Service ence, because if you're proud of something, "Things got worse. No one would speak to you usually take care of it. I'm proud of Medal from the United States: the Na­ me. I faced the constant threat of being tional Medal of the Republic of Korea; America, and, now that you've heard why, slugged. I couldn't walk down a street with­ I hope you are too. Let's take care of her out being threatene-d or having something and three Lasker Awards in interna­ together! thrown at me. I learned to avoid certain parts tional rehabilitation, medical journalism of town, like near the pool hall. and public health. He served as a con­ (If Huntingdon has a pool hall, I've missed sultant in rehabilitation to the United NEW YORK TIMES SLURS SMALL­ it. And the next time I'm there I plan to ask, Nations and has been president and TOWN AMERICA because I like to shoot pool.) chairman of the board of the American­ Dewolk complains about school letting out Korean Foundation, since 1953, presi­ for buck season, and the brutality of young dent of the World Rehabilitation Fund HON. BUD SHUSTER boys sh ooting deer. He describes being called since 1955, and president of the Inter­ OF PENNSYLVANIA "Faggot!" by an entire opposition track team, • then beaten by his own school-mates. national Societ y for Rehabilitation of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That's the good part. He says black people the Disabled for one term. In addition he Tuesday, March 1, 1977 are (called) "niggers." Dissidents were sub­ has received sixteen honorary degrees versives and the war a glorious crusade both in the United States and abroad. Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, I would against Communism. "If you were a real man Not limiting himself to clinical work like to share with my colleagues an edi­ you drank so hard you threw up and passed torial that appeared in the February 24, or medical research, Dr. Rusk is also an out each weekend. Women were for sex and accomplished author. Since 1946 he has 1977, Bedford Daily Gazette. The edi­ housework, plain and simple." torial was written in response to an arti­ "Ignorance, intolerance and persecution been a contributing medical columnist cle published on the editorial page of were the hallmarks of that idyllic setting, and for the New York Times. Utilizing this the Sunday, February 20, 1977, New I have learned from talking to others living media, Dr. Rusk has educated the public York Times by Roland Dewolk, who in similar environments that it is the norm towards understanding new develop­ spent his junior year in high school in for almost all small communities." ments in rehabilitation medicine. In 1972 Huntingdon, Pa., 6 years ago. It is so far from reality that it's a wonder Dr. Rusk also published his autobiogra­ the fiction wasn't apparent to the people at phy, "A World To Care For." The book After reading Mr. Dewolk's article, I t he New York Times. This guy w111 wind up too felt a need to reply on behalf of my enfolds as a warm and human account writing one of those weird books that the New of a remarkable career. In it Rusk re­ congressional district. However, before I York crowd applauds. But the fiction should had an opportunity to do so, I read the be kept off the op-ed page of the Times. veals himself through the struggles and Bedford Gazette editorial. It accurately Small-towners are not blind to their faults. successes of his patients. expresses many of my feelings abou t Mr. We know we are provincial in some ways. But Dr. Rusk's concept of what rehabilita­ Dewolk's attack on smalltown America. I people in small towns do get to the big city, tion means has never been narrow or commend this fine editorial to my col­ do read the magazines and newspapers, and limited. He combines new technology leagues. gain a pretty respectable appreciation of with compassion and discipline to come SMALL TOWNS SLURRED what's what in the world. up with a rehabilitation program to To.publish Roland Dewolk's hysterical non­ bring the severely injured back to menta l Those of us who love the country-and this sense beside James Reston's column (Reston country, this part of Pennsylvania, in par­ gets a one-column head, Dewolk three) is a as well as physical health. Despite their ticular-have been hit by an indictment of slur on Huntingdon and small towns-but disability every handicapped individual sorts, in the New York Times. more of a slur on the New York Times' bad is an able person to Dr. Rusk. It is his The Times' Sunday issue carried an item judgment. belief that rehabilitative medicine has atop the op-ed page which lambasted Hunt­ ingdon rather severely. It was written by a no limitations and he has spent much of Roland Dewolk, who says he spent his junior DR. HOWARD A. RUSK his career convincing the public and a year in Huntingdon siX years ago. He escaped reluctant medical community. to San Francisco, and is now safe in Berkeley. Through his efforts and guidance we Mr. Dewolk (if that is his name) is listed HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE have come a long way in the area of re­ as "a journalist". His theme is that the OF TEXAS habilitation. In 1945 we were still mak­ idyllic view of small-town America is a sham. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing some prosthetic legs out of papier His method is not journalism. mache. Today, under the guidance of Dr. He concedes the beauty of the rural set­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 ting. "The old Victorian and gingerbread Rusk, the Institute of Rehabilitative houses on the narrow streets are shaded by Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, many of Medicine not only fits prosthetic devices tall trees, whose roots push up the sidewalk, us in the Congress fought in World War but also assists the patient in finding a March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5811 job. By developing the talents of the temperatures and who felt good enough to of service, the teaching, the research-every­ handicapped, rehabilitative medical pro­ play blackjack in the hospital sunroom. In thing. If I didn't sweat my heart out to less than two days almost all of them were raise money, we would be in deep financial grams have helped this Nation benefit back in the hospital. They had recovered trouble." from their skills which were not previ­ from their injuries or sicknesses, but psycho­ Not all that sweat yields results. After the ously available to us. logically they were not ready to face active institute helped a son of the late John Paul Through his work in rehabilitation Dr. duty. Getty recover from car crash injuries, Rusk Rusk has exemplified the "pioneering Watching them return led to the discovery anticipated a formidable expression of grat­ spirit." I wish to salute his courage and of what Rusk calls medical responsibility's itude when the billionaire came to lunch. endeavors. He has transformed despair third phase. The first is prevention. The sec­ It was a dry hole, however. The inst itute's ond is care. The third takes a patient from list of donors that year included the Get ty into hope through his creativity and be­ the bed back to the job. "It's what happens name only because he had made a gift to the lief in the dignity of all human beings. after the fever is down and the stitches are hospital of the wheelchair used by his son. Therefore, I recommend the following out," Rusk says. "If you only care for the dis­ Rusk is fiercely honest with the disabled article from the June 21, 1976 issue of ab111ty and don't make some kind of life for who fiock to the institute for help. "Take People magazine to my colleagues: them, they turn to you and say, 'You saved the man who called me this morning," he THE WORLD'S LAME FLOCK TO DR. RUSK FOR my life. For What?'" Rusk tells them: for a begins. "Both legs were off above the knees REHABILITATION: "WE ONLY TAKE THE HARD life as close as the doctor can manage to when he had a stroke that paralyzed him on CASES" what it was before the illness or injury. one side. I told him that he'll never be an (By Joseph Roddy) Rusk was commanding omcer of the Army ambulator. We can make him comfortable in a- wheelchair, and we can teach him to I'm a cross between the old family doctor, Air Corps convalescent training division dur­ ing World War n, and when he describes meet the needs of daily living, but this is Billy Graham and Lydia Pinkham," the big not the age of miracles." . ruddy man from Missouri says. "I'm selling what he has been up to since then he sounds like an old bomber pilot reviewing his cam­ Rusk then goes on, sounding as if it might the wine of rehabi11tation on an interna­ paign ribbons. "I went on a mission to Viet­ be. "I spent a lot of time with IBM on an tional market." It is not a bad shot at self­ nam for President Johnson in 1967, and I electric arm operating with brainwaves that description for Dr. Howard A. Rusk, What­ went on my first Korean mission for Eisen­ worked pretty good, but it was so compli­ ever else, he is also the 75-year-old boss sit­ hower in 1953," he says. Rusk was at the cated you had to have an engineer to go ting in t he corner omce with the river view Potsdam conference in 1945 with fellow Mis­ witll it. We are now providing amputees with at New York University Medical Center's In­ sourian Harry Truman, the President whom prost hetic arms that operate with impulses stitute of Rehabi11tation Medicine. the doctor has felt closest to and with whom from the brain through the nerves to the On the five ft.oors below him, he tells vis­ he shared an aversion for the pushups, knee stump. The signal current is stepped up itors, there are more severely disabled people bends and jogging of body cultists. "I get 50,000 times and operates the artificial hand than in any comparable building in the my exercise being pallbearer at my exercis­ through a miniature, solid-state electronic world. Rusk's 150 inpatients and the 250 who ing friends' funerals," says Rusk. device. At night, the batteries that power regulai'ly visit its clinics are counting on Dr. His toughest White House assignment the hand can be charged by plugging them Rusk to give them a better life. They are from John Kennedy was to treat the Presi­ into a wall outlet. amputees and victims of strokes, spinal-cord dent's father after the elderly Kennedy ha~ "And we've got things from the space pro­ injury, congenital disorders, and neuromus­ been partially paralyzed and left speechless gram, of course. One of them is a pressure cular diseases. In the institute therapy (and irascible) by a stroke. "They asked why suit, a kind of coverall. When inflated it rooms, they learn to overcome their disabil­ I didn't teach him to write. Well, I told them takes the place of braces, holding the patient ities by combining what muscle power re­ Mr. Kennedy hadn't written anything but erect and enabling him to walk with mains with artificial limbs, braces and elec­ his name on a check for years and anyone crutches." tronic aids-and not least by having the who thought a man with a fuse as short There is help available, too, for those with courage to follow the often harsh, painful as his could be taught to write was mistaken. no muscle power at all. They can travel in a regimes that Rusk's staff of 80 prescribes. He didn't even like the brace we made for wheelchair by blowing or sucking on a ;;tra w­ Rusk was int roduced to medicine at the him." like control. Indeed, the institute has devel­ age of 11 in Brook.field, Mo. He was an er­ Rusk's success at rehabilitating war-time oped a whole range of electronic devices that rand boy who also scrubbed up the operating casualties earned him a Distinguished Serv­ can be activated by a patient's breath. room, a remodeled kitchen in the frame house ice Medal and gave him the idea of carrying Rusk likes to stress another positive ad­ that was his town's first hospital. on with rehabilitation when he was mustered vance in rehabilitation since his private hos­ He began medical training at the Univer­ back into civilian life. The publisher of the pital opened. "Now the acceptance of dis­ sity of Missouri and completed it at the Uni­ New York Times, Arthur Hays Sulzberger, abled people is totally different than it was versity of Pennsylvania. On campus he sold enlisted him to write a weekly column to tell 25 years ago," he says. "Employers know that his blood by the pint to pay for weekend readers how the wartime advances in medi­ the disabled, if properly trained, are good trips to date a welfare caseworker in New cine and especially rehabilitation could be workers with a better production rate, lower York, Gladys Houx. They were married a few put to peacetime use. Simultaneously, New accident and absentee rates, and the turnover weeks after he hung up his shingle as an York University took Rusk on as its chief among them is 10 times less. We are not ask­ internist in St. Louis 50 years ago. of rehabilitation, but 1n the postwar build­ ing that the disabled start at the head of the In his 1972 autobiography, A World to Care ing shortage it could not provide him with a employment line. But we do feel they have for, Rusk tells about a lawyer friend who place of his own to work his wonders. That is a right to start at the same place as the nor­ "went bad under anesthesia" during an ap­ when Rusk began shifting has energies from mal. And anytime in this country the so­ pendectomy. "I was terribly frightened, and the practice of medicine to the art of fund­ called normal can't compete with the dis­ I stood there at the operating table think­ raising. His articles in the Times made him abled, then we had better give it back tiJ the ing about his wife and three children as I well known, and through the years many Indians." watched him sink. Fortunately, he recovered, prominent social figures have supported the He was gazing out at the river and sound­ but the experience made me very sensitive institute and other Rusk projects with a gen­ ing a bit out of sorts. "There are times when about recommending surgery." erosity that was the envy of the medical I wish I were back in St. Louis again," he Over the years Rusk has often scolded the world. says, "but there were times then when I medical community. He once wrote that he In those early years, when Rusk was not wished I didn't have to face 40 patients." could not understand doctors who refused to appeallng for money or diagnosing patients, He thought for a. moment and then said, make house calls. One critic replied: "I could he would drop by the corner of 34th Street almost wistfully, "You know, I haven't prac­ have made house calls on Joe Kennedy too­ and First Avenue to watch his institute go ticed medicine for so long that unless it were if I thought it meant $25,000 for the insti­ up. It opened for patients early in 1951, and a lifesaving situation I wouldn't attempt it." tute I ran." For Rusk, however, those visits since then Rusk has grown so busy with ad­ A few weeks ago the World Rehabilitation may have seemed more social than medical. ministrative duties that he has had less and Fund honored Rusk at a Waldorf-Astoria "If your friends need you," he says, "then less time to serve as a doctor. dinner. At $150 a plate, the event raised you simply have to go." Such lofty manner, Sixty percent of the institutes patients $300,000. More than half of it is going to plus Rusk's envied genius at raising money nowadays are from the New York area, and Rusk's projects. He sent the celebrants home and promoting his own projects, has made it the rest from all over the world. "We don •t with some plain eloquence about his feelings fairly easy to find doctors who are not 100 see any ordinary cases here anymore," Rusk for his patients. "The awful thing is," he said, percent fans. sa.ys. "We get only the tough ones-and that "when you are poor and crippled and can't Undaunted, Rusk has always gone his ow.~ is as it should be." get off your knees and look the world in the way. Though he was 40 and had three chil­ Many of the other cases are treated by face, it does something to your spirit deep in­ dren and was well beyond the draft age, he doctors Rusk has trained. At least 50 Rusk side. And if you can walk and look your fel­ enlisted in the Army Air Corps a few months students head up rehabilitation departments low man in the eye, it is a different world." after Pearl Harbor and was made chief of at the best medical schools and hospitals As everybody stood to cheer, one listener medical service~ at Jefferson Barracks out­ throughout the world. summed up Howard Rusk. "He's the greatest side St. Louis. One of Rusk's first decisions "Here I'm quite like a college president," con man in medicine. Thank God, he's there was to release patients who had normal he says. "I'm responsible for the standards benevolent." C:XXIII--366-Part 5 5812 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 OVERHAULING THE ENERGY IN­ sota AFL-CIO Executive Council late in 1973 Health Planning and Resources Develop­ DUSTRY; A VIEW FROM MINNE­ when a. resolution passed backing temporary ment Act of 1974 required the Secretary SOTA LABOR nationalization of the petroleum industry. of Health, Education, and Welfare toes­ That resolution cited the same concerns mentioned by Roe today: the lack of reliable tablish such a uniform system. The Tal­ information on the energy crisis and the madge bill, introduced by Senator TAL­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER serious shortcomings inhere:.1t in rationing MADGE in the 74th Congress, would have OF MINNESOTA supplies either by unwarranted price in­ mandated the use of a uniform account­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES creases or heavy user taxes. ing system. The amendment which we "Shuffling natural gas supplies into inter­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 are proposing builds on the work being state pipelin~s normally under price controls done in developing such a system. Spe­ Mr. Fraser. Mr. Speaker, the unusually from unregulated intrastate pipelines at a cifically, the uniform accounting system cold weather of the past several months much higher price is nothing but a shell proposed in this amendment would in­ has once again underscored the vulner­ game:• Roe accused th:) energy industry of using the shortage of natural gas-real or clude four major components. ability of our present energy situation. contrived-to charge whatever the traffic will First. A specified set of uniform ac­ Severe supply disruptions of natural gas bear to generate windfall profits. counting practices; and heating oil have been widespread. He quoted a company president in Texas Second. A uniform functional chart of And as our basic resources diminish, our who reportedly said, "Why should I sell my accounts, including uniform definitions dependence on energy imports increases. gas out of state for $1.42 when Texas buyers of specific accounts and, as appropriate, In response to these and related prob­ are waiting in line to pay $2 for it?" Roe re­ subaccounts, a uniform numerical cod­ lems, the administration is now develop­ calls that in May of 1973, the Federal Power ing system of such accounts and subac­ nig a comprehensive energy policy which Commission approved a huge increase for in­ terstate rates, 44 cents per thousand cubic counts, and a uniform classification of will include a reorganization of major feet in place of the then established ceiling expenses within such accounts; energy-related Federal agencies. In ad­ of 26 cents Third. Uniform statistical measures of dition, proposals for restructuring the Workers are skept1cal, said Roe, of the productivity: oil industry are under consideration in proposition that the actual costs of produc­ Fourth. Uniform methods and statis­ Congress. ing natural gas today have jumped 446 per tical measures for cost accounting and Recently, the president of the Minne­ cent, let alone 669 per cent. cost allocation among accounts; sota AFL-CIO. David Roe, called for a Short of nationalization, organized labor here strongly supports the comprehensive Fifth. A uniform cost and statistical fundamental and far-reaching overhaul legislative program developed by the na­ reporting system; and of the U.S. energy industry. In a letter tional AFL-CIO. Sixth. A uniform discharge abstract to AFL-CIO President George Meany, In particular, the Minnesota AFL-CIO and uniform billing system. Roe said that "The time has come to look favors those sections seeking to: The bill further provides that both in seriously at the question of nationalizing Enact legislation to prohibit a single com­ the establishment and in the implemen­ the oil and gas giants." The Minnesota pany from owning competing sources of en­ tation of the system, the opportunity for labor leader maintained that the present ergy. This horizontal integration has ham­ public participation in accordance with energy situation "perhaps calls for pered the development of alternative sources of energy the Administrative Procedure Act. Spe­ equally drastic action" with regard to Enact legislation to require the dissolution cifically called for in the bill is the coop­ the organization of the energy industry. of vertically integrated oil companies. The eration between the Secretary and orga­ The February issue of the Minnesota separation of the marketing of petroleum nizations representing providers of health AFL-CIO News describes State President from the production and refining would ben­ services, the Financial Accounting Stand­ Roe's proposal. I would like to take this efit the independent marketer as well as the ards Board, the General Accounting Of­ opportunity to include an excerpt from consumer. fice, the National Center for Health Sta­ the February issue in the CONGRESSIONAL Treat giant oil companies as public utili­ tistics, the National Council of Health ties subject to stringent regulation by the RECORD: federal governmer.t. Planning and Development in the estab­ RoE !\1ULLS ENERGY NATIONALZATION lishment of the uniform system of cost The question of nationalizing the U.S. accounting. energy industry was raised by David Roe, A uniform system will provide com­ President of the Minnesota AFL-CIO, Feb. 9, UNIFORM ACCOUNTING SYSTEM parable data for reviewers and rate set­ in a letter to AFL-CIO President George FOR MEDICARE AND MEDICAID ters. Without a uniform accounting sys­ Meany. tem, data reported cannot be compared. Roe wrote that when he read that natural gas distributors -will reap up to 100 percent It will allow improved communications increases in 1977 first-quarter profits, but HON. JOHN E. MOSS as a common language will exist. Im­ that utility officials say that any consumer OF CALIFORNIA proved management data will be avail­ rebellion would be premature because the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able for hospital administrators, and the profit bulge is likely to disappear amid Tuesday, March 1, 1977 comparability of data will lead to simpli­ shortages later in the year, he had the feel­ fied audit procedures with lower costs ing that the American public had been Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, my colleague, and improved results. through the same wringer before in 1974. PAUL RoGERS, and I are today proposing In short, a uniform accounting system Immediate special assistance to cover high­ an amendment to require the use of a er home heating bills for low-income groups will provide us with more accurate, com­ and unemployed workers in affected areas is uniform system of cost accounting for in­ parable data, an absolute necessity in the supported by Roe. stitutional providers of service under critical health policy decisions facing us "Since the price of gasoline had to nearly medicare and medicaid. today. The benefits of this proposed leg­ triple in 1974 before ample supplies material­ Such a uniform accounting system will islation will be of particular assistance in ized, can we expect that quadrupling the provide the cornerstone for analysis and the Carter administration's efforts to price of natural gas is what it will take decisionmaking in many of the critical contain hospital cost. to find the gas the nation needs today?" he areas of health policy facing us today. asks the public. It will allow for a more detailed ex­ Because 13 o! the 14 largest natural gas amination of health care cost and anal­ producers in the United States reportedly are major oil companies which have seen their sis of the dramatic increase in those HON. MEL PRICE profits fueled by repeated energy crises, Roe costs; thinks it is time to look seriously at national­ It will facilitate activities designed to ization of the oil and gas giants. identify and control fraud and abuse; HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT He wrote President Meany that the extreme It will foster more equitable reimburse­ OF FLORmA natural gas and fuel oil shortage the nation ment under current law reimbursement IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES finds itse:f in "perhaps calls for equally dras­ procedures: and tic action even though several complications It will allow for a more accurate analy­ Tuesday, March 1, 1977 are involved. The nationalization of the en­ ergy industry might be a quick blanket step sis of alternative reimbursement mech­ Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, on that could speed up the search for energy anisms. Wednesday, February 16, in the commit­ supplies while affording all possible price pro­ The uniform accounting system is a tee room of the Committee on Armed tection for consumers." concept which has been in development Services, the members of the Armed This was the stand taken by the Minne- for a number of years. The National Services Committee had the honor of March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5813 having unveilect to them a portrait of our men and women of the armed forces, the bul­ LIMITATIONS ON OUTSIDE INCOME distinguished chairman, the Honorable wark of our national defense, has contrib­ In the past, some Members of Con­ uted greatly to the national defense posture MELVIN PRICE. of the United States; and gress have supplemented their incomes The ceremony was a tribute not only Whereas, his able leadership in guiding re­ with earnings from speeches, business to the quiet effectiveness of our chair­ search and development programs important activities, and so forth. This practice is man, but was a tribute to his overall to our national defense over many years has open to considerable abuse, not only in character as well. Present in addition to inspired many improvements in our nation's potential conflicts of interest but in de­ your distinguished self was the Secretary technology base and promoted a sound stra­ tracting from a Member's full-time of Defense, the Secretaries of the Armed tegic posture; and duties of office. Under the proposals, out­ Whereas, Melvin Price's tireless efforts di­ Services, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the rected toward harnessing and utilizing nu­ side income would be limited to not more distinguished majority and minority clear energy has generated tremendous ad­ than 15 percent of a Member's salary. leaders, his fellow committee members, vancement for peaceful and national security LIMITATIONS ON GIFTS and other friends of MEL PRICE-friends purposes; and Obvious conflicts of interest can arise from Washington, and friends from his Whereas, his pursuit of these goals has from the acceptance of gifts. The pro­ home in Illinois, who made the trip to been matched by a gentle but firm resolve, a deep commitment to the integrity of the posals would prohibit House Members sec their Congressman and their friend from accepting gifts totaling more than so honored. committee, and an abiding respect for the rights of all Members of the Committee, $100 in the course of a year from any Under the able cochairmanship of the earning him the deep affection and high es­ person, organization, or corporation hav­ Honorable F. Edward Hebert, former teem of his colleagues on the Committee on ing a direct interest in legislation before chairman of the Armed Services Com­ Armed Services, and throughout the Con­ Congress. gress; mittee, and the Honorable BoB WILSON, ABOLISHMENT OF UNOFFICIAL OFFICE ACCOUNTS ranking minority member, the MEL PRICE Now, therefore, be it resolved, in recogni­ portrait committee worked hard to make tion of his outstanding public service and Some Members presently maintain un­ this day possible. The committee's thanks leadership, that a portrait of The Honorable official office accounts to supplement ex­ must also go out to Mr. Fred Saigh, the Melvin Price be accepted and displayed per­ isting funds appropriated by Congress manently in the Carl Vinson Room of the for newsletters and constituent services. long-time friend of MEL PRICE who so Committee on Armed Services. graciously commissioned the portrait, These accounts are funded from private and to Robert Templeton, the talented sources, and are completely unreported artist whose work now will hang in the and unregulated. They can and have be­ Carl Vinson Room along with portraits CONGRESSIONAL REFORM come "slush funds," used as much for of the other five chairmen this commit­ personal and political purposes as for tee has had. constituent services. There were many testimonials to MEL HON. WILLIAM 1\1. BRODHEAD The new regulations would abolish un­ official office accounts. In addition, con­ PRICE's outstanding career that day. !lis OF MICHIGAN version of campaign funds for personal service to the people of his district, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the people of this Nation, spans more uses by a House Member would be pro­ than 45 years in public life-as secretary Tuesday, March 1, 1977 hibited. to a Congressman before being elected Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE h _;mself 32 years ago, as chairman of abuses of Watergate and scandals in The franking privilege enables public three standing committees, as constant Congress have fostered a strong move­ officials to contact their constituents and watchdog and developer of our atomic ment for institutional reform of Con­ keep them informed without becoming energy resources, and as possessor of an gress, a movement that has had con­ dependent on private sources of funds. unmatched record for dependability and siderable success. Needed changes have To insure that this privilege is used prop­ hard work in the House of Represent­ been instituted which have opened the erly, changes in the franking regulations atives. processes of government to the public to would include limiting franked mass The President of the United States, some extent. mailings to six district-wide mailings former Speaker Carl Albert, former It is clear, however, that only part of each year. Mass mailings 60 days prior Chairmen Hebert, Carl Vinson, and Dew­ the job has been done. While institu­ to an election in which a Member is a ey Short all sent their praise for our tional changes have helped make Con­ candidate would also be prohibited. Cur­ chairman. · gress more democratic and responsive, rently, there is no limit on the amount MEL's own reply to the day's remarks­ we have seen case after case where our of mail which can be sent, and a mailing the story of how he was elected to the own colleagues have been accused of can go out as late as 28 days prior to an Congress while on duty as a private in bribery. conflict of interest, and misuse election. the Quartermaster Corps-was in itself of public funds. These disclosures have CONGRESSIONAL TRAVEL evidence of the unassuming but effective cast a cloud over Congress. We have an In the past, some Members of Con­ nature of our chairman, who rose from opportunity, however, to cast off this gress who have not been reelected and enlisted man to chairman of the commit­ cloud by adopting a new, tough code of are no longer active in the legislative tee overseeing all of the Armed Forces. financial ethics. process have traveled at the public's ex­ Perhaps no remarks that day were more FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE pense. Under the proposed regulations, appropriate than your own, Mr. Speaker, travel by these "lame duck" Congress­ when you said that MEL PRicE is "a doer; The cornerstone of these reforms 1s men would be prohibited. Also, it is pres­ when you give MEL PRICE a job to do, you a clearly defined, comprehensive finan­ ently possible for a Member of Congress know it's going to be done on time. He's cial disclosure requirement for Members to be reimbursed twice for travel ex­ a Congressman's Congressman." and officers of the House, their principal penses. This practice would be prohib­ At this time, I would like to insert into assistants, and professional committee ited. the REcORD a resolution passed unani­ staffs-in short, those responsible for It is clear that the ethics of the mar­ mously by the committee, which officially making decisions on public policy. Last ketplace do not suffice for public life. accepts the outstanding portrait of our year the House reprimanded one of its Rather, the public trust granted to a chairman, which will hang forever in the members for introducing and working to Member of Congress requires adherence meeting room of the committee he so ably pass legislation benefiting companies in to the highest standards of official con­ chairs: which he had a direct financial interest. duct. The proposals that we have before This incident came to light, however, RESOLUTION OF THE HOUSE CoMMITTEE ON only because of the diligence of the me­ us will help insure that these standards ARMED SERVICES dia; otherwise it would have remained are maintained. They will not completely Whereas, the Honorable Melvin Price's dis­ hidden. Public financial disclosure will eliminate conflicts of interest or guaran­ tinguished career in the House of Represent­ tee that the power .of public office will atives has exemplified dedicated service to inform the public aeout the financial in­ the people and security of this nation; and terests of Government officials and will never be abused, but they will give the Whereas, his devoted concern and contin­ be a strong deterrent to potential con­ public and the press the information that uing efforts on the behalf of the individual flicts of interest. is needed to minimize abuses. 5814 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 The ethics package recommended by sassinate President Truman and killed a institutions in New York, Washington, D .C., the Commission on Administrative Re­ guard in 1950, and who tried to murder Chicago, and Puerto Rico. view makes great improvements in the several Members of Congress in a wild We demand the immediate independence of P u erto Rico and the unconditional release rules of the House of Representatives. It shooting spree in the House gallery in of the fi ve Puerto Rico Nationalist prisoners; is an important step in restoring public 1954. OEcar Collazo, Lolita Lebron, Rafael Cancel confidence in Congress, and it merits The F ALN's bombing program has Miranda, Andres Figueroa Cordero, and Irving swift approval by the House. consistently been in close support of the Flores, * • • . demands of the Puerto Rican Socialist We also wish to draw attention to the Party. The F ALN is believed to have been just cause of the Panamanian people who derived from PSP-related terrorist groups wish to recover their canal zone. We express unconditional support for them in the real­ SOLIDARITY WITH PUERTO RICAN of the 1960's and early 1970's such as ization that the removal o! the Yanki colo­ CASTROITE TERRORISTS MIRA and the Armed Commandos of nialists !rom t he area is just as important as Liberation-CAL. In 1973, PSP member our national independence. Should the Pan­ Eduardo "Pancho" Cruz, believed to be a amanian people be forced to resort to arms. HON. LARRY McDONALD member of MIRA and with known Cuban the FALN will give them whatever support connections, was convicted of possession is necessary. OF GEORGIA of explosives a nd received a 7-year sen­ The FALN welcomes the support given the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tence. PSP never attempted to conceal P u erto Rican national liberation struggle at Tuesday, March 1, 1977 the solidarity conference in Cuba and the its relationship with CAL. Said PSP foun­ meeting o! Non-aligned nations in Peru in Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, after der and secretary-general Juan Mari September. several test explosions during the sum­ Bras: We especially acknowledge the moral sup­ mer of 1974, a revolutionary terrorist There is no liberation without a liberating port given to our organization by the Cuban group, the Fuerbas Armadas de Libera­ army. We don't occupy ourselves with the people and government in a speech made by development of this army. That task belongs Prime Minister Fidel Castro in August in cion National-FALN-Armed Forces· of to others u• (but) we have given full moral which he said that the Cuban government National Liberation-broke into the support to CAL because we consider it an would do all it could to support the FALN. headlines on October 26, 1974, when it important ingredient in raising the mass detonated five bombs outside New York struggle. Grand juries investigating the terror­ City banks in support of a rally the fol­ ist activities of the FALN are being re­ lowing day organized by the Puerto CAL's armed actions included the 1972 sisted by subpenaed Puerto Rican ac­ Rican Solidarity Committee-PRSC, a bombing of the Miss U.S.A. contest in tivists who may have detailed knowledge support group for the Castroite commu­ Puerto Rico. CAL's communiques were of the terrorist group and its members. nist Puerto Rican Socialist party-PSP. publicized by the Cuban Government and The resistance to answering grand jury The leaders of the PSP-formerly its Tricontinental Magazine which in questions is being coordinated by attor­ named the Movimiento Pro Independen­ 1972 published a CAL statement in which neys of the National Lawyers Guild­ cia, AMP!, which has maintained an of­ they described themselves as the "fight­ NLG, cited as the "foremost legal bul­ fice in Havana since the early 1960s, ing arm of the Puerto Rican independ­ wark of the Communist Party" which praised the F ALN bombings in support of ence movement" whose purpose was to now includes many Castroites and New their cause and repeated their statements "undermine the stability and colonial Left activists among its Old Left mem­ of previous years that "armed ac­ peace of the imperialist invaders" and bership. The NLG first developed grand tion • • • and armed struggle as a sort to precipitate "the power of the working jury resistance tactics against grand of urban guerrilla are definitely present class, independence, and socialism.'' jury investigations of the Weather Un­ ir.. Puert') Rico in an irreversible way.'' In 1975, the World Peace Council­ derground terrorists and their network Since that time the F ALN terrorists WPC-a Soviet-controlled international of supporters. have taken responsibility or been cred­ propaganda and terrorist support appa­ In early November 1976, a Chicago ited by law enforcement analysts with ratus, held a conference in Havana sup­ Federal grand jury which had been con­ over 49 bombings including: porting the PSP-led "independence" vened in February 1975, began to sub­ December 11, 1974, the maiming of a movement. The sort of "independence" pena activists following discovery of an New York City police officer by a booby envisaged for Puerto Rico was stated FALN bomb factory in the apartment of trap device. most plainly by PSP Political Bureau Carlos Alberto Torres, 24, a former stu­ member Florencio Merced at the 1975 January 24, 1975, a lunch time explo­ celebration of the Cuban Communist dent at the University of illinois Circle sion in New York City's Fraunces Tav­ 26th of July attack by Castro on the Campus. Torres, his wife, Heidi, and a ern which killed 4 people and injured Moncada barracks: friend, Oscar Lopez Rivera, have dis­ over 50. appeared and are being sought for ques­ How many of those who today praise and April 2, 1975, four bombs exploded al­ celebrate the Cuban Revolution once thought tioning. most simultaneously outside banks and that the process unleashed by the attack on Among those subpenaed in Chicago businesses in New York City. the Moncada Garrison. wa.s merely an adven­ are Myrna Salgado Lopez and her hus­ June 14, 1975, two bombs exploded and ture carried out by a small group of youths band, Jose Lopez. They are founders and a third was never found in Chicago hours who represented no one and had no massive instructors at the "alternative" Rafael before the start of a Puerto Rico Day base of support? How many of those who will Cancel Miranda High School, named for parade. tomorrow celebrate and applaud the Puerto one of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party October 27, 1975, simultaneous bomb­ Rican Revolution have those same thoughts terrorists who attempted to murder about the revolutionary process underway in ings in Washington, D.C. at the State Puerto Rico today? Members of Congress in a House gallery Department, and in Chicago and New Cuba and Puerto Rico are sister na.tions. shooting spree in 1954. Lopez. who also York City. In our joint struggle we think of San Juan teaches history at Northeastern Illinois June 7, 1976, four bombs detonated at as the former tyrannical Saigon of the Carib­ University, was a speaker at the National Chicago office buildings; one target was bean and of Havana as our Hanoi. That por­ Lawyers Guild's National Conference on the headquarters of the Chicago Police tion of our homeland that begins in Havana Government Spying in January 1977. Department. is free and socialist. That portion which be­ Others subpenaed include three June 25, 1976, four bombs were ex­ gins in San Juan will also be free and Chicago members of the Committee to ploded at banks, an office building and a socialist. Free the Five Puerto Rican Nationalists. police station in New York City. In this context, the FALN Communi­ a group which includes PSP cadre and September 21, 1976, a bomb exploded que No. 6 of October 27, 1975, is signifi­ members of the small Nationalist Party; at the New York Hilton where the Gover­ cant. The message read in part: and two Mexican-American activists nor of Puerto Rico 'Vas appearing. Today, armed units of the FALN com­ from New Mexico. Pedro Archuellte The FALN's many communiques gener­ memorate the 25th Anniversary or the Oc­ Moises Morales and Juan Lopez. Salgado, ally demand immediate independence for tober 30, 1950 revolution in Puerto Rico Lopez and the others argued that the Puerto Rico, and the immediate release against yanki domination • • • by launching subpenas should be quashed because its of five convicted Puerto Rican National­ a simultaneously coordinated attack against real purpose was not in finding terrorists ist Party terrorists who attempted to as- Yanki government and monopoly capitalist but "illegal political harassment." When Ma'rch 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5815 the motions and appeal were denied, the Germany; Elizabeth Fink; and Susan The previous PRSC National Board witnesses were totally noncooperative, Tipograph, who has been active with the included : Ella J. Baker; Frances Beal, refusing even to be sworn. The NLG de­ armed struggle-supporting Brooklyn Third World Women's Alliance; Clyde fense team is headed by Michael Deutsch chapter of the Weather Underground's Bellecourt, American Indian Movement; of the People's Law Office. Deutsch and Prairie Fire Organizing Committee. Ben Chavis, National Alliance Against other NLG attorneys have been active On the night of Friday, February 18, Racist and Political Repression; Walter with the Weather Underground's Prairie 1977, two bombs using "high order ex­ Collins; Dave Dellinger, Seven Days Fire Organizing Committee-PFOC, and plosives" were detonated in New York Magazine; Rudolfo "Corky" Gonzales, both Deutsch and Jose Lopez attended City at the Gulf and Western Building head of the Denver Crusade for Justice; the PFOC-organized National Hard and at the Chrysler Building. One person James Haughton; Phil Hutchings; Times Conference in January 1976 in was injured in each explosion. A man Arthur Kinoy, NLG and MPOC; Yuri Chicago. representing the FALN called WCBS and Kochiyama, National Committee for the A coalition of some 20 organizations, gave directions to an FALN communique Defense of Political Prisoners, a Black the December 4 Coalition, with offices at hidden in a subway phone booth. Liberation Army support group; Beverly Room 1362, 53 West Jackson St., Chicago, The FALN demanded that the FBI Leman; Bob Lewis, NLG, MPOC and Til. 60604, is organizing in support of the investigation of the FALN and its sup­ counsel to the United Electrical Union· resisters, as a group at the Centro porters end. that the grand jury investi­ Alfredo Lopez; Antonio RodrigueZ: Betances, 2156 W. North Ave., Chicago, gation be stopped. CASA/General Brotherhood of Workers Ill. 60647. Street-level solidarity and defense a Mexican-American Marxist-Leninist The FALN's Carlos Torres left con­ work for the subpenaed witnesses is be­ organization; Owusu Sadaukai x­ the Baader-Mainhof terrorists in West Upper West Side. ploitation of Puerto Rican people living In 5816 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 the U.S. is an important aspect of the strug­ controls; mandatory warrants for in­ THE INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS gle against imperialism. trusive techniques; and the end of politi­ AGENCY It is noted that as in many other Cas­ cal investigations. In order to preclude analysis from troite operations such as the Venceremos It is my hope that the bill will stimu­ being weighed to support intelligence ac­ Brigade, the role of the Communist late extremely important and timely dis­ tivities and to insure the best production Party, U.S.A.-CPUSA-in the Puerto cussion, debate and consensus about and analysis possible, a central independ­ Rican Solidarity Committee has been such vital and basic questions such as: ent production, analysis, and dissemina­ greatly enhanced. Among those on the First. Is secrecy compatible with those tion agency is created. This Agency can new PRSC national board is Jack Spiegel, principles of democracy ostensibly em­ direct the agencies responsible for intel­ long active in Chicago as a CPUSA trou­ bodied in our constitutional form of ligence collection to carry out specific ble shooter in New Left groups. Spiegel is government? tasks. also district director of the Lake States Second. If and where is secrecy neces­ NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY United Shoe Workers of America, and sary? The NSA, an important collection chases to use that office, not his rank in Third. How much secrecy is necessary? agency, is removed from DOD and is the CPUSA heirarchy, on the PRSC Fourth. What safeguards against made an independent agency. It is pre­ board. abuse are necessary? cluded from engaging in domestic collec­ The new PRSC board includes Akil Al­ Fifth. What, if any, are our legitimate tion activities and from monitoring Jundi, Attica Now; Frances Beal, Third and necessary intelligence needs? Americans. World Women's Alliance; Robert Chris­ Sixth. How much change, restructur­ THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE man, Marxist editor of The Black ing, and/ or elimination of organiza­ tions are needed to meet on one hand To prevent unnecessary duplication Scholar; Jose Colon, El Comi te; Linda and to prevent bias the Defense Intelli­ Coronado, CASA/General Brotherhood the "legitimate" intelligence needs of our Nation and on the other hand safeguard gence Agency is abolished. All DOD intel­ of Workers; Rene Cruz, Union of Demo­ ligence components are barred from cratic Filipinos; James Early, Washing­ against abuse of people, power, and the Constitution? clandestine or covert activities in the ton, D.C.; Arthur Kinoy; Milada Mar­ United States. Actions against civilian salka, Women's International League for Seven. As our world continues its rapid changes and shifts, what level of our Americans overseas are precluded. Peace and Freedom-wn...PF; Bonnie GENERAL RESTRICTIONS Mass, Boston Committee to End Steril­ already limited resources do we perceive ization Abuse; Rosemary Mealy, Amer­ as necessary to meet our intelligent Leadership of the intelligence com­ ican Friends Service Committee Third needs? munity is limited to civilian control. Be­ World Coalition; Pierre Meisner, Work­ The Omnibus Intelligence Community cause they are generally not cost efficient, ers World Party; Clay Newlin, Philadel­ Reorganization and Reform Act of 1977 because their disclosure greatly harms phia Workers Orgclnizing Committee; is my answer to these questions. our national interest and because covert Mirta Rodriguez, Puerto Rican National­ The highlights of the Omnibus Intelli­ structure and official misinformation ist Party; Michelle Russell, Detroit: gence Community Reorganization and weakens our democratic institutions, co­ Irwin Silber; Archie Singham, a Howard Reform Act of 1977 include: vert action and agent espionage are pre­ THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL cluded, except during wartime. University professor of political science Intelligence relationships with the active in Caribbean student movements; A committee structure under the NSC is set out and defined. A formal proce­ clergy are prohibited and those relation­ Jack Spiegel; Annie Stein; and Jose ships with journalists and academics are Velasquez of the PSP. dure is formulated for initiation and ap­ proval of sensitive intelligence collection severely limited. activities abroad. Relationships with proprietary com­ OFFICE OF THE DffiECTOR OF CENTRAL panies are structured and unmonitored INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY INTELLIGENCE use of profits stopped. Further, covert un­ CONTROL monitored transfers of funds are also To insure strong management there is precluded. established an independent Office of the The total amounts and the line item HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS Director of Central Intelligence. This of­ amounts of the Intelligence agencies are OF CALIFORNIA fice will coordinate the entire foreign in­ telligence community of the United to be set forth in the annual budget sub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States, including reviewing intelligence mitted to the Congress. Tuesday., March 1, 1977 activities and resource allocation; di­ The GAO is authorized full access to recting preparation of the national in­ the agencies and their activities. Disclos­ Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, after ure of information upon request to ap­ several years, during which the press and telligence budget; investigating intelli­ gence failures, and providing manage­ propriate congressional committees by several congressional committees have the intelligence agencies is mandated. bvestigated the intelligence community ment guidance. documented many of its significant fail­ There will be in the Office of the Di­ DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE ures and abuses and suggested reforms, rector, Central Intelligence an Inspec­ To maintain the rights of individual the Congress has yet to meet its respon­ tor General who will have complete au­ citizens the bill seeks to accomplish sev­ sibilities and enact legislation to correct thority t.o review activities of any intelli­ eral things: the abuses, protect our democratic sys­ gence agency and to investigate possible It prohibits all intelligence agencies tem, and insure the best possible intelli­ or potential misconduct. The IG must from engaging in political surveillance, gence system. Congressional action is report apparent misconduct to the At­ preventive action and selective investiga­ necessary and long overdue. torney General, the Director of Central tions and prosecution, because of a per­ Today I am introducing the Omnibus Intelligence, and the Congress. sons's first amendment activities. Intelligence Community Reorganization THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY It precludes electronic surveillance. and Reform Act of 1977. The bill is a The CIA is limited, except in wartime, It repeals various "speech" crimes now result of my personal participation in the solely to the functions of the conduct of on the books. House investigation and subsequent foreign counterintelligence activities. It limits the jurisdiction of the FBI to wide-ranging discussions with many ex­ The agency is barred from domestic investigation of Federal criminal offenses. perts and former intelligence commu­ functions except for very limited secu­ It establishes procedures for the FBI nity officials. I have benefited greatly rity functions for CIA installations. to follow in making investigations, sets from the suggestions of the American The General Counsel of the CIA is em­ forth the supervisory functions of the Civil Liberties Union. The bill is neces­ powered to review all CIA activities in sarily extensive. Many of the proposals order to discover illegal activities. Attorney General, and creates the office in the bill are far re.aching-the elimi­ The Director of the CIA is barred from of Inspector General of the FBI. nation, except in time of war, of espio­ using reserve or contingency funds with­ It severely limits the Internal Revenue nage and covert action; the elimi­ out prior approval of the Director of Cen­ Service in giving out tax information nation of the Defense Intelligence tral Intelligence and the appropriate or participating in political investiga­ Agency; new extensive management Committees of Congress. tions. March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5817 CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS were lucky we had him as long as we did ... against Oklah oma in Sept ember, X rays re­ Searches and intrusive techniques no matter how much he su1Iered, he was vealed a spot on his lu ngs. without warrant are prohibited and are more concerned with not upsetting us .. Tests proved negat ive. But after the Okla­ established as crimes punishable by fines he fought till the very end." homa game, Rot h never again performed The fact that Joe Roth may have been the. with his usual fiair. Maybe it was the in­ not more than $10,000 or imprisonment first player-ahead of Tony Dorsett and creasingly elaborate defenses the opposition not more than 1 year or both. Ricky Bell-selected in this year's National threw up against pass-or iented Cal. Maybe WillfUl assassination is prohibited and Football League draft brought his struggle not. punishable by life imprisonment. national attention. But Tuesday n ight, no "Can you imagine," one Cal student said Drug experimentation without prior one seemed concerned about losing a gifted as he wait ed for Tuesday night's service to consent is prohibited and punishable. quarterback. begin, "living t hree years with the reality Violations of statute prohibitions are Most seemed more distressed about losing that every day m ight be his last? That would made punishable. Joe Roth. have a profound e1Iect on anybody's psyche. Those close to him fear that outsiders may It was amazing he main tained the generosity SPECIAL PROSECUTOR dismiss their eulogies as just emotional and competitive edge he did." A Special Prosecutor for Intelligence gushing. They say they were saying the same When Roth went home for Thanksgiving, . crimes is established. things two years ago. he noticed a number of tiny lu mps under "You hear about this guy," said Paul the skin of his chest and shoulders. Those CIVIL REMEDIES Hackett, who coached Roth at Cal two close to him say that Joe Roth knew his fate. A cause of action in court against Fed­ seasons ago before moving to USC, "and you But he refused to accept it lying down. eral officials and the United States is want to say, 'Is he for real?' He was so special "I like the cliche about looking at the glass established when an official acting under that it's just very difficult for others to com­ as either half full or half empty," Roth said color of law deprives any person of any prehend. during his prepar at ion for the Hula Bowl "This whole thing has hit a lot of people the first week in Janu ary. "I see it as half right, privilege, or immunity guaranteed in the face, made them sit down and examine full." by the Constitution or statute. their own lives, what direction they're He underwent a series of nauseating going ..." chemotherapy treatments--sometimes tak­ Joe Roth touched many people in many ing quadruple doses. He lost his zest, his ways. Those he played with knew him as the strength, some weight. JOE ROTH'S LEGACY quarterback who let his passing do his talk­ Still, Roth completed five of six passes for ing. Those he lived with knew him as "just nearly 100 yards in his last game--the Japan . one of the guys"-the kid with the billows Bowl. He returned to Berkeley and, like his HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS of blond, curly hair and the laughter in his buddies, enrolled for the winter quarter. He OF CALIFORNIA eyes. Those he worshipped with remember played on the Rejects, an intramural basket­ ball team. He helped with recruiting. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his deep conviction and strength. Students--football fans or not-still talk He never asked for sympathy. Tuesday, March 1, 1977 about the "special vibrations" they g"<>t when "Right now, I'm thinking positively," he they passed him on campus. said in Hawaii. "But if everyone starts com­ Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, last week "It's amazing to me," said the Rev. Michael ing up and feeling sorry for me, I'm afraid was a sad one at the University of Cali­ Hunt, a close friend of Roth's, "that he has it will make me start feeling the same way. I fornia at Berkeley. Joe Roth, the man broken the hearts of students on one of the mean, I fear I won't be the same Joe Roth who had thrilled thousands of football most cynical, 'far-out' campuses in the coun­ anymore. Instead, I'll be Joe Roth the under­ fans across the country had lost his bout try. Whether they were church-goers or not, dog, the guy everybody feels sorry for. I don't to cancer. Joe was a legacy to all the they knew inside that this guy really had it­ want that." that he represented the best of what the Feb. 8, he was out on the Cal practice field, students at Berkeley who admired his throwing, hoping and saying, "Someday we'll courage and willingness to struggle, even human spirit could be. He stood for goodness and decency_:_not in a stupied or sentimental laugh about all this." Feb. 10, he was hos­ to the very end. As one student put it, way but in a profound way." pitalized. "we were lucky to have Joe as long as we But, most important, no matter how he The disease spread quickly, eating away his did." succeeded or how he su1Iered, Joe Roth vital organs. When blood clots developed in As this time I would like to share with always seemed to think of hixnself as "Joe his legs, Dr. Michael Friedman said they my colleagues an article by Skip Bayless Blow." would have to be amputated to prolong his that appeared in the Los Angeles Times It began while he was a freshman at life. Joe Roth just asked his parents, Mr. and paying tribute to this outstanding human qrossmont College near San Diego, a skinny Mrs. Lawrence Roth of Twin Falls, Ida., to being: 150-pound quarterback "too small" to play take him back to his apartment. "Joe didn't fear dying," his father said. JoE ROTH'S LEGACY major college football. He nicked the mole on the left side of his face while shaving, then "He didn't complain about the su1Iering­ (By Skip Bayless) irritated it yanking his helmet on and o1I. most people would have given up 10 days BERKELEY.-They came in blue jeans and That mole soon proved to be malignant earlier. But he didn't like the thought of three-piece suits, sandals and hlgh heels. melanoma, or black-mole cancer. Surgeons being disabled. He just wanted to go home­ There were small children, senior citizen_s, cut five ounces of lymph nodes and salivary back to his apartment--and be in peace." parents and teamxnates. There were many glands out of his neck. Then Joe Roth spent Roth had been getting pain-killing mor­ who had seen him only from a distance. three of the longest days of his life waiting phine shots every hour and half. He was so They began filling the Roman Catholic to see whether hal! his face--or more--would excited about being home that he didn't Newman Hall, just across the street from his have to be cut away to save him. ask for one for five hours. University of California apartment, an hour Roth said later, "It made me realize just Members of the .football team took three­ and a half before his funeral Mass of the how important it is to be alive. After you hour shifts to watch over Rot h and keep him Resurrection was celebrated Tuesday even­ beat something as terrible as cancer, the company. He didn't sleep much over those ing. Blacks, whites, yellows. Catholics, Prot­ pressures of football are meaningless by com­ last two days. But, those who cared for him estants, Jews. Some who believed, some who parison." said, he remained alert and congenial. didn't. Roth talked at length about the experience "At first, they (the footb all p layers) Some cried, some prayed. Not until it was with Father Hunt. weren't sure how to act around him, said his over-not until his coffin had been carried "He was tested then," the priest said, "and sister-in-law, Kim Roth, who with Cal foot­ out--did it seem to sink in for many. Joe he reordered his priorities. That was the ball secret ary Bonnie Miller admin ister ed the Roth, who excelled as few have at living and strength of Joe Roth. He knew that from shots. "But aft er a while it was m azing to see playing football, had been struck down by then on, all other setbacks were minor-that how gentle they got, prop ping him up a nd cancer at age 21. he would be more concerned about the bigger wiping his forehead. "This has been t ough to deal with," Cal issue of facing God." Saturday afternoon, Rot h's breathing coach Mike White said, "tough to figure out. The next season, Roth returned and be­ slowed. He talked for about 20 minut es by There just aren't words in our language to came a junior college All-American at Gross­ phone to Dr. Friedman, sayin g h e was "feel­ describe what an imoact he's had on all of mont. His first year at Cal, he led the league ing fine." He apologized to everyone for "im­ us ..." - in passing and total o1Iense and the Golden posing on them." He draped h is arms around Seemingly, the only way to describe Joe Bears tied for the Pac-8 championship. His Kim Roth and Bonnie Miller, and hung his Rot h's life is with cliches. The phrases most name was mentioned right up there with aching legs off the bed. often repeated over the last two years are: Dorsett's and Bell's as a Heisman Trophy He tried to smile and asked Bonnie if she quiet confidence ... quiet courage ... deep candidate. wanted to dance. faith ... never complained ... unbelievably Whether the threat of a recurrence af­ "Then," she said, "he coughed u p some of modest ... did unto others ... something fected Roth psychologically no one is sure. the st u1I in his lungs, took one m ore breath, special. Doctors say a melanoma patient must go five and that was it. We laid him down, and At a small gathering following the service, years before he knows he's licked the disease. somehow he looked so peaceful." friends and relatives said things like: "We After he completed a school record 27 passes It was toughest, the players said, to wat ch 5818 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 his gifted body steadUy wasting away. Excess freshman student stopped Father Hunt on Meetings scheduled for Wednesday, fluid puffed his stomach out to where, as his the street and said, "I sure wish I could have March 2, may be found in the Daily mother said, "he looked pregnant." met Joe Roth." "You just didn't know what to say, what ,;And I answered, 'You will.' Whatever is Digest section of today's RECORD. to talk about.'' said quarterback Fred Besana, Joe Roth will live forever.'' The schedule follows: one of his closest friends on the team. "You For John Matlock, Roth's best friend, it SCHEDULED ~EETINGS could only say, 'How are you feeling so many has been a time of grief and enlightenment. MARCH 3 times. You didn't want to talk about 'later.' Matlock, just an "ordinary" guy who didn't 9:00a.m. And you didn't want to act like Mr. Jolly. He play on the football team, never really Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry understood what was going on. It it wasn't thought of Roth as anything other than To resume hearings and proposed legis­ Joe, it could really have been tough on us." "normal." la.tion to amend and extend the Agri­ Each of the 10 people who were with him "It's just beginning to sink in how pri­ culture and Consumer Protection Act, when he died has his own Joe Roth anecdote. vileged I was to know him as well as I did," Until: Noon 322 Russell Building To the end, he was cracking one-liners. Matlock said. "From the first time we met Armed Services To Al Saunders, his quarterback coach, (two years ago} when he was jUSot another Tactical Air Power Subcommittee Roth said, "Who are you recruiting in the football player struggling to make the squad, To hold closed hearings on Air Force hospital?" When they returned to the apart­ he never changed. I guess that's why it's combat training programs. ment, Paul Hackett said Roth had him "roll­ tough for me to think of him as anything 224 Russell Building ing on the floor" with jokes about throwing but plain old Joe." Human Resources interceptions. In the eulogy he read before the Mass, To hold hearings on the nomination of "He stlll cracked jokes," his mother said. Matlock referred to Roth's singing off-key Mary Elizabeth King, of the District "But he couldn't smUe like he used to. That's in the shower, overcooked meatloaf and love of Columbia, to be Deputy Director of what I missed most. They warned us that for lying in the sun and looking at photo the ACTION Agency. many people in his condition get bitter and albums or drinking a couple of beers with 4232 Dirksen Building say things they don't mean. Not Joe." the boys. 9:30a.m. There was no history of cancer in the Roth "I had to use some humor," Matlock said. Appropriations tfamUy. Why the disease singled out Joe Roth "Joe wouldn't have liked it if I didn't.'' Interior Subcommittee in the prime of his life no one is sure. A few weeks before he died, Roth agreed To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ "I certainly wish I knew the answer," said wi·th Matlock that maybe he should leave timates for fiscal year 1978 for Indian Dr. Friedman, who does cancer research at something behind in the form of notes or Education and the Indian Health Serv­ the UC Medical Center. even some of the lyrics he loved to write, and ice. So do many who jammed Newman Hall. he put some things on paper. Matlock plans 1114 Dirksen Building "This has made a lot of people on this to use some of the more intimate details of Environmental and Public Works campus face their mortality," said one stu­ Roths struggle in a book he may collaborate To hold hearings to review Presidential dent. "You ask yourself, why Joe, with all on. He said •there's been tatk of a TV movie­ budget requests for fiscal year 1978 for the rapists and murderers running around? as long as it wouldn't get as mushy as Brian's the Fish and Wildlife Services. But obviously he mastered the abUity of liv­ Song" did. 4200 Dirksen Building ing each day to the fullest--a lesson many Besides his parents, the only two who Small Business of us never learn." really saw Roths personal side were Matlock To hold hearings on bills to provide dis­ Paul Hackett, who helped bring out Roth's and Bonnie Miller, who is married. Roth aster assistance to small businesses talent during his first year at Cal, remembers cherished his privacy. He didn't date much, (S. 570 and 704}. the quarterback's blend of calm and competi­ explaining to Matlock that "I don't know 3302 Dirksen Building tiveness. But the last couple of weeks, he's which cf.ty I'll be playing pro ball in next 10:00 a.m. done some thinking about Roth's faith in year. It wouldn't be right to establish a Appropriations God. relationship." *Defense Subcommittee "I guess not many people really realized Paul Hacket believes Roth had another To hold closed hearings on proposed the magnitude of his faith," Hackett said. motive. budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 "We've had to deal with whatever happens "He didn't have many close flriends," for the Defense establishment. af·ter life. There just has to be some ~essage Hacket said. "Only a few people he thought 1223 Dirksen Building here, and it isn't on the surface. There's could handle all this. Hey, I think he knew Appropriations something deeper . . . all along something was going to happen to Transportation Subcommittee "But it hurts me to think about what an him. He didn't want to get too close and hurt To hold hearings on the certain 1977 example Joe could have been for years to too many people. supplemental appropriations and fis­ come. We need Joe Roths--athletes who "And that says it all about Joe Roth­ cal year 1976 budget estimates for the understa nd tha.t they were blessed with all and about life." National Transportation Safety Board, this ability and what an effect they can have Federal Highway Administration, Fed­ on other people. Too many today are in eral Aviation Administration, and Pan athletics for the dollars and cents. Am Airways. "Joe taught all of us gratitude and how 1224 Dirksen Building ·to have strength from within. Eric Anderson SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS Appropriations (who may take Roth's place at quarterback SCHEDULED Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov­ next year) said it best. He said he was so ernment Subcommittees fortunate to have been the friend of the Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed To hold hearings on proposed budget person who was his idol." to by the Senate on February 4, 1977, estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Joe Roth was a mixture of ordinary and calls for establishment of a system for Secret Service, and Bureaus of the extraordinary . . . When he spoke-which a computerized schedule of all meetings Mint and Engraving and Printing, De­ wasn't often in public-his voice was a nasal and hearings of Senate committees, sub­ partment of the Treasury. drone. He exaspera.ted his coaches with his committees, joint committees, and com­ S-126, Capitol almost lackadaisical approach to football. mittees of conference. This title requires Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs He "bitched and moaned." about everyday To hold hearings o~ proposed authoriza­ hassales just like the rest of the players, all such committees to notify the Office tions for major housing and commu­ Bonnie Miller said. Roth the perfectionist of the Senate Daily Digest--designated nity development programs. once refused to run a play in practice until by the Rules Committee-of the time, 5302 Dirksen Building a d ifferent football was substituted. place, and purpose of all meetings when Commerce, Science and Transportation Asked whether Roth ever broke down in scheduled, and any cancellations or Subcommittee on Science and Space private, roommate John Matlock said, "Well, changes in meetings as they occur. To resume hearings on S. 365, author­ I'd rat her n ot talk about that." As izing funds for fiscal year 1978 for the Fath er Hunt doesn't want anyone to re­ an interim procedure beginning National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ member Roth as anything but human. February 21, and until the computeriza­ ministration. "Joe certainly wouldn't want himself tion of this information becomes opera­ 235 Russell Building elevated to some kind of a god," he said. tional, the office of the Senate Daily Energy and Natural Resources Sure, I want to ask myself why Joe didn't Digest will prepare such information Subcommittee on Minerals, Materials and get a fair sha ke, but Jesus didn't get a fair daily for printing in the Extensions of Fuels shake either. - Remarks section of the CoNGRESSIONAL To continue hearing on S. 7, to establish "When pople ask me why Joe died so RECORD. in the Department of the Interior an young, I tell them that if he had lived 47 Omce of Surface Mining Reclamation Any changes in committee scheduling and Enforcement to administer pro­ years, played pro ball and coached, his dea.th will be indicated by placement of an grams to control surface coal mining wouldn't have had the impact It did." asterisk to the left of the name of the operations. The morning after Roth's funeral Mass, a unit conducting such meetings. 3110 Dirksen Building March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5819 Finance 10:00 a.m. St. Lawrence Seaway, Materials Trans­ To consider its recommendations to be Appropriations portation Bureau, Civil Aeronautics made to the Budget Committee on the Defense Subcommittee Board, and Interstate Commerce Com­ fiscal year 1978 budget in accordance To continue closed hearings on proposed mission. with the Congressional Budget Act. budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 1224 Dirksen Building 2221 Dirksen Building for the Defense establishment. MARCH 8 Human Resources 1223 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Budget Appropriations Research To hold hearings in preparation for re­ Interior Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed legis­ porting the first concurrent resolution lation authorizing funds for the Na­ To hold hearings on proposed budget on the fiscal year 1978 budget, to hear estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the tional Science Foundation for fiscal Defense Secretary Brown. Bureau of Mines. year 1978. 357 Russell Building 1114 Dirksen Building. Until: 1 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building 11:00 a.m. 10:00 am. Rules and Administration Foreign Relations Appropriations Subcommittee on Privileges and Elections Subcommittee on Foreign Assistance •Defense Subcommittee To hold hearings on the proposed fiscal To receive testimony on human rights To hold closed hearings on proposed year 1978 authorization for the Federal issues and their relationship to foreign budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 Election Commission. assistance programs. for the Defense Establishment, to re­ 301 Russell Building 4221 Dirksen Building ceive testimony from Army officials on Select Intelligence 2:00p.m. procurement programs. Subcommittee on Budget Authorization Appropria tlons 1223 Dirksen Building To resume closed hearings on proposed Transportation Subcommittee Appropriations fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ To hold hearings on proposed budget Foreign Operations Subcommittee ernment intelligence activities. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To hold hearings on proposed budget S-407, Capitol Coast Guard. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for for­ 11:00 a.m. 1224 Dirksen Building eign aid programs, to receive testimony Budget MARCH 7 in behalf of funds for migration and To hold hearings in preparation for re­ 10:00 a.m. refugee assistance, and the U.S. Emer­ porting the first concurrent resolution Appropriations gency Refugee and Migration Assist­ on the fiscal year 1978 budget. *Defense Subcommittee ance fund, Department of State. 357 Russell Building To hold closed hearings on proposed S-126, Capitol . Foreign Relations budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Assistance for the Defense Establishment, to re­ HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommit­ To consider its recommendations to be ceive testimony from Arm.y officials on tee made to the full committee for inclu­ research, development, training, and To hold hearings on proposed budget sion in its recommendations to the evaluation. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Budget Committee on fiscal year 1978 1223 Dirksen Building Environmental Protection Agency and items in accordance with the Congres­ Appropriations the Council on Environmental Quality. sional Budget Act. HOD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee 1318 Dirksen Building S-116, Capitol To hold hearings on proposed budget Appropriations 1:00p.m. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Labor-HEW Subcommittee Select Small Business Environmental Protection Agency. To hold hearings on proposed budget Business meeting on committee organi­ 1318 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the zation. Appropriations Department of HEW, to hear Secre­ 424 Russell Building Military Construction Subcommittee tary Califano. 1:30 p.m. To hold hearings on proposed budget S-128, Capitol Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1978 for mil­ Appropriations Agriculture Subcommittee itary construction programs. Treasury, Postal Service and General To continue hearings on proposed budget S-146, Capitol Government Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on proposed budget Department of Agriculture. Subcommittee on Science and Space estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 1318 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S. 365, authoriz­ Bureaus of Government Financial Op­ 2:00p.m. ing funds for fiscal year 1978 for the erations. Public Debt, and Alcohol, Appropriations National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ Tobacco and Firearms. Legislative Subcommittee ministration. S-146, Capitol To hold hearings on proposed budget 235 Russell Building Budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings in preparation for re­ Architect of the Capitol, Botanic Gar­ Subcommittee on Energy Research and porting the first concurrent resolution dens, and Government Printing Office. Water Resources on the fiscal year 1978 budget, to hear S-128, Capitol To hold hearings on proposed authori­ testimony on Defense programs. Appropriations zations for fiscal year 1978 for the 357 Russell Building Transportation Subcommittee Energy Research and Development Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on proposed budget Administration. Subcommittee on Energy Research and estimates for fiscal year 1978 for 3110 Dirksen Building Water Resources Metro, National Highway Traffic Safety 2:00p.m. To hold hearings on proposed authori­ Administration, and the Air Transport Appropriations zations for fiscal year 1978 for the Association; and to hold hearings on District of Columbia Subcommittee Energy Research and Development supplemental appropriations for fiscal To hold hearings on supplemental ap­ Administration. year 1977 for the National Highway propriations for fiscal year 1977 for the 3110 Dirksen Building Traffic Safety Administration. District of Columbia. Select Intelligence 1224 Dirksen Building 1114 Dirksen Buildlng Subcommittee on Budget Authorization Appropria tlons Appropriations To resume closed hearings on proposed Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov­ Legislative Subcommittee fiscal year 1978 authorizations for ernment Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget Government 1ntelllgence activities. To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the S-401, Capitol estimates for fiscal year 1978 for Office of Technology Assessment. 10:30 a.m. ternal Revenue Service. S-128, Capitol Commerce, Science, and Transportation S-126, Capitol Appropriations Merchant Marine Subcommittee MARCH 4 Public Works Subcommittee To hold hearings on bills calling for more 9:00a.m. To resume hearings on proposed budget stringent oil tanker safety standards estimates for fiscal year 1978 for pub­ (S.682,568, 182,715). Armed Services 5110 Dirksen Building Tactical Air Power Subcommittee lic works projects. Room to be announced 2:00p.m. To hold closed hearings on Air Force Appropriatlons Appropriations comba~ training programs and support Transportation Subcommittee Foreign Operations Subcommittee programs. To hold hearings on proposed budget To continue hearings on proposed budg­ 224 Russell Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for 5820 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 foreign aid programs, to hear testi· officials of the Health Services Admin· estimates for fiscal year 1978 for cer· many ln behalf of funds for Interns.· !stratton. tain units in the Executive Office of the tiona! Narcotics Control, Department S-128, Capitol President, and for the Office of Federal of State, and International Disaster Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Procurement Policy. Assistance, and the American Schools To mark up ( 1) proposed legislation 1224 Dirksen Building and Hospitals Abroad, AID. authorizing funds for fiscal year 1978 Appropriations S-126, Capitol housing program; (2) S. 417, the pro· *Defense Subcommittee Appropriations posed National Neighborhood Policy To continue closed hearings on proposed Labor·HEW Subcommittee Act; and (3) to review those items in budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 To continue hearings on proposed budg· the Presidential budget for fiscal year for the defense establishment, to hear et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 1978 which fall within the commit· Navy witnesses on procurement pro­ Department of Health, Education, and tee's legislative jurisdiction. grams. Welfare, to receive testimony on 5302 Dirksen BuUding 1223 Dirksen Building health programs. *Budget Appropriations . S-128, Capitol To hold hearings in preparation for re· Military Const ruction Subcommittee Appropriations porting the first concurrent resolution To resume hearings on proposed budget Legislative Subcommittee on the fiscal year 1978 budget, to hear estimates for fiscal year 1978 for mili­ To hold hearings on proposed budget testimony on Agriculture programs. tary construction programs. estimates for fiscal year 1976 for the 357 Russell Building S-146, Capitol Congressional Budget Office. Commerce, Science and Transportation Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs S-146, Capitol Subcommittee on Science and Space To hold oversight hearings on the state 2:30p.m. To hold closed hearings on S. 365, au· of the U.S. banking system. Appropriations thorizing funds for fiscal year 1978 for 5302 Dirksen Building Public Works Subcommittee the National Aeronautics and Space Budget To continue hearings on proposed budg· Administration. To hold hearings in preparation for re· et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for 235 Russell Buildlns porting the first concurrent resolution public works projects. Energy and Natural Resources on the fiscal year 1978 budget, to re· Room to be announced Subcommittee on Energy Research and ceive testimony on welfare programs. MARCH9 Water Resources 357 Russell Building 9:00a.m. To hold hearings on proposed authorlza· Select Intel11gence Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry tions for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy Subcommittee on Budget Authorization To continue hearings on proposed legis· Research and Development Adminis· To resume closed hearings on proposed lation to amend and extend the Agri· tration. fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov· culture and Consumer Protection Act. 3110 Dirksen Building ernment intel11gence activities. Until Noon 322 Russell BuUding Environmental and Public Works 8-407, Capitol 9 :30a.m. To hold hearings to review Presidential 10:30 a .m. Appropria. tions budget requests for fiscal year 1978 for Commerce, Science, and Transportation Interior Subcommittee the Federal Highway Administration. Merchant Marine Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed 4200 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on bills calling for more budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 Select Intelllgence stringent oil tanker safety standards. for the Department of the Interior, to Subcommittee on Budget Authorization (S. 682, 568, 182, 715). hear officials of the Mining Enforce· To resume closed hearings on proposed 5110 Dirksen Building ment and Safety Administration and fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov· 2:00p.m. for the Institute for Museum Services. ernment intelligence activities. Appropriations 1114 Dirksen Building S-407, Capitol Public Works Subcommittee Small Business 2:00p.m. To continue hearings on proposed budg­ To hold hearings to consider the impact Appropriations et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for of product tlability insurance on small Labor-HEW Subcommittee public works projects. businesses, and on S. 527, authorizing To continue hearings on proposed budget Room to be announced the Small Business Administration t o estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Appropriations furnish reinsurance for property lia· Department of HEW, to hear officials Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov· bility insurers for small business con· of the Center for Disease Control. ernment Subcommittee cerns which would not otherwise be S-128, Capitol To continue hearings on proposed budg· able to obtain product 11ab11ity insur· Appropriations et estimates for fiscal year 1979 for ance on reasonable terms. Public Works Subcommittee U.S. Postal Service, the Office on Fed· 6202 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budget eral Paperwork. Commerce, Science, and Transportation estimates for fiscal year 1978 for pub· 1224 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on the imple· lie works projects. Room to be announced MARCH 11 mentation of the Marine Mammal Pro· 9:00a.m. tection Act. MARCH 10 Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 5110 Dirksen Building 9 :00a.m. To continue hearings on proposed leg· 10:00 a.m. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry islation to amend and extend the Agri· Approprtations To continue hearings on proposed legis­ culture and Consumer Protection Act. lation to amend and extend the Agri­ Until: Noon 322 Russell Building *Defense Subcommittee culture and Consumer Protection Act. To continue closed hearings on proposed 9 :30a.m. Until: Noon 322 Russell Building Commerce, Science and Transportation estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 9:30a.m. defense establishment. To hold oversight hearings on the im· Appropriations plementation of the Marine Mammal 1223 Dirksen Building Interior Subcommittee Appropriations Protection Act. To resume hearings on proposed budget 5110 Dirksen Building Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov· estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 10:00 a .m. ernment Subcommittee Department of the Interior, to hear Appropriations To resume hearings on proposed budget officials of the Geological Survey. *Defense Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 1114 Dirksen Building To continue closed hearings on pro· U.S. Tax Court, and units in the Ex· 10 :00 a.m. posed budget estimates for fiscal year ecutive Office of the President. Approprh.tions 1978 for the Defense Establishment, to Foreign Operations Subcommittee hear Air Force witnesses on procure· 1318 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on proposed budget Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1978 for for· ment programs. Military Construction Subcommittee eign aid programs to hear testimony 1223 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To resume hearings on proposed budget on funds for the Peace Corps, the In· estimates for fiscal year 1978 for mill· ter·American Foundation, and the In­ To continue oversight hearings on the tary construction programs. ternational Organizations and Pro­ state of the U.S. banking system. S-146, Capitol grams, and U.N. Environmental Fund. 5302 Dirksen Building Appropriations Budget 1318 Dirksen Building To hold hearings in pr eparation for re· Labor·HEW Subcommittee Appropriations porting the first concurrent resolution To continue hearings on proposed Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov· on the fiscal year 1978 budget, to re· budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 ernment Subcommittees ceive testimony on health programs. for the Department of HEW, to hear To continue hearings on proposed budget 357 Russell Building March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5821 MARCH 14 fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Energy Research and Development Ad­ 9:00a.m. Government intelligence activities. ministration, with testimony on nu­ Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry E-407, Capitol clear aspects. To continue hearings on proposed legis­ 10:30 a.m. 3110 Dirksen Building lation to amend and extend the Agri­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation Select Intelligence culture and Consumer Protection Act. Merchant Marine Subcommittee Su bcommittee on Budget Authorization Until: Noon 322 Russell Building To hold hearings on bills calling for more To resume closed hearings on proposed 10:00 a .m. stringent oil tanker safety standards fiscal year 1978 aut horizations for Appropriations (s. 682, 568, 182, 715). Government intelligence activities. BUD-Independent Agencies 5110 Dirksen BUilding S-407, Capitol To resume hearings on proposed budget 2:00p.m. 10:30 a.m. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Appropriations Commerce, Science, and T ransportation Veterans' Administration. Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov­ Merchant Marine Subcommittee 1318 Dirksen Building ernment Subcommittee To hold hearings on bllls calling for Appropriations To continue hearings on proposed budget more stringent oil tanker safety Transporta. tion Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the standards (S. 682, 586, 182, 715). To resume hearings on proposed budget Federal Election Commission, the Civil 5110 Dirksen BUilding estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Service Commission, the Defense Civil MARCH 17 Federal Railroad Administration; and Preparedness Agency and the Federal 9:30a.m. to consider supplemental appropria­ Labor Relations Council. Appropriations tions for fiscal year 1977 for activities 1224 Dirksen Building Interior Subcommittee falling within the subcommittee's Appropriations To continue hearings on proposed jurisdiction. Public Works Subcommittee budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 1224 Dirksen Bullding To continue hearings on proposed budg­ for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 2:00p.m. et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for 1114 Dirksen Building Appropriations public works projects. 10:00 a.m. Public Works Subcommittee Room to be announced Appropriations To continue hearings on proposed budget Appropriations Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 for public Labor-HEW Subcommittee ernment Subcommittee works projects. To resume hearings on propo~ed budget To continue hearings on proposed Room to be announced estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 Appropriations National Institutes of Health. for the Committee for Purchase of Transportation Subcommittee S-128, Capitol Products and Services for the Blind To continue hearings on proposed budget 2:00p.m. and Other Severely Handicapped, Gen­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Appropriations eral Services Administration. Federal Railroad Administration. Foreign Operations Subcommittee 1318 Dirksen Bullding 1224 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budg­ Appropriations MARCH 15 et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for Labor-HEW Subcommitt ee 9:00a.m. foreign aid programs, to hear otticials To continue hearings on proposed Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Department of Defense and AID. budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 To continue hearings on proposed legis­ 1318 Dirksen Building for the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Men­ lation to amend and extend the Agri­ Appropriations tal Health Administration, and Saint culture and Consumer Protection Act. Labor-HEW Subcommittee Ellzabeths Hospital. Until: Noon 322 Russell Building To continue hearings on proposed budg­ S-128, Capitol 9 :30a.m. et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Appropriations National Insttiutes of Health. To mark up the proposed legislation to Interior Subcommittee S-128, Capitol extend the Export Administration Act To resume hearings on proposed budget MARCH 16 and related matters. estimates for fiscal year 1978 and on 9:30a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building proposed supplemental appropriations Appropriations Budget for fiscal year 1977 for the Trust Terri­ Interior Subcommittee To hold hearings in preparation for re­ tory of the Pacific Islands. To resume hearings on prooosed supple­ porting the first concurrent resolution 1114 Dirksen Building mental appropriations for fiscal year on the fiscal year 1978 budget. 10:00 a.m. 1977, and on proposed budqet esti­ 357 Russell Building Appropriations mates for fiscal year 1978 for t he ad­ Energy and Natural Resources Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov­ ministration of the Trust Territory of Subcommittee on Energy Research and ernment Subcommittee the Pacific. Water Resources To continue hearings on proposed budg­ 1114: Dirksen Bullding To hold hearings on proposed authoriza­ et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for 10:00 a .m. tions for fiscal year 1978 for the En­ the Councll of Economic Advisers, the Aooropriations ergy Research and Development Ad­ Council on Wage and Price Stability, Foreign Ooerations Subcommittee minlstration. the National Security Councll, and the To resume hearinl!s on prooosed budget 3110 Dirksen Building National Center for Productivity and estima,tes for fiscal vear 1978 for for­ Select Intelligence Quality of Working Life. eign aid oroe:rams, to hear Secretary of. Subcommittee on Budget Aut horization 1224 Dirksen Building Defense Brown. To hold closed hearings on proposed Aporopria.t1ons 1318 Dirksen Building fiscal year 1976 authorizations for Gov­ HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Aooronriations ernment intelligence actiVities. To continue heartn~ on proposed budg­ Labor-HEW S·ubcommittee S-407, Capitol et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To resume hearings on pronosed budget 10:30 a.m. Vet erans' Administration, American e~timates for fiscal vear 1978 for the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Merchant Marine Subcommittee Battle Monuments Commission, end National Instit utes of Health. To hold hearin gs on bllls calling for the U.S. Army Cemeterial Expenses. S-128, Caoitol Bankim!, Housing, and Urban Affairs more stringent oll t anker safety st and­ 1318 Dirksen Bulldlng ards (S. 682, 586, 182, 715). Appropriations To bold hearings on corporate bribery 5110 Dirksen Building Labor-HEW Subcommittee and Investment disclosure le~rtslation . 2:00p.m. To resume hearings on proposed budget 5302 Dirksen Building Appropriations Budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Labor-HEW Subcommittee National Institutes of Health. To bold hearings in preparation of re­ To continue hearings on proposed S-128, Capitol porting the first concurrent resolution budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 • Energy and Natural Resources on the fiscal year 1978 budaet, to re­ for the Health Resources Administra­ ceive testimony on the overall eco­ tion. To hold hearings on S. 9, proposed Outer nomic outlook. Continental Shelf Lands Act Amend­ S-128, Capitol 357 Russell Building Appropriations ments. Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov­ Select Intelllgence Subcommittee on Energy Research and ernment Subcommittee Water Resources Subcommittee on Budget Authorization To continue hearings on proposed To hold hearings on proposed au thor­ budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 To resume closed hearings on proposed izations for fiscal year 1.978 for the for the Committee for Purchase of 5822 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1, 1977 Products and Services of the Blind and Appropriations 10:00 a .m. other Severely Handicapped, General Labor-HEW Subcommittee Appropriations Services Administration. To continue hearings on proposed budget Labor-HEW Subcommittee 1318 Dirksen Building estilnates for fiscal year 1978 for the To continue hearin gs on proposed b-udg­ MARCH 21 Office of the Assistant Secretary for et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for elementary and secondary education 9:30a.m. Education and the Commissioner of Commerce, Science, and Transportation Education. programs. Communications Subcommittee 8-128, Capitol S-128, Capitol To hold hearings to inquire into domes­ Appropriations Banking, Housing, an d Urban Affairs tic communications common carrier Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov­ To hold hearings on S. 406, the proposed (i.e., telephones, computers, etc.) pol­ ernment Subcommittee Community Reinvest ment Act. icies. To continue hearings on proposed budget 5302 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy and Natural Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation Department of the Treasury, the Post­ Subcommittee on Energy Research and Subcommittee on Aviation al Service, and General Government. Water Resources To hold hearings on bills proposing reg­ 1224 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed authori­ ulatory reform in the air transporta­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs zations for fiscal year 1978 for the tion industry, including 929 and Subcommittee on Financial Inst itutions Energy Research and Development s. Administration. s. 689. To hold oversight hearings on the activi­ 5110 Dirksen Building ties of the Electronic Fund Transfer 3110 Dirksen Building Small Business System Commission. Governmental Affairs To hold hearings to consider the impact 5302 f'irksen Building Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Rela­ of product safety regulations on small Budget tions businesses. To hold hearings in preparation for To hold hearings on s. 2 proposed Sun­ 318 Russell Building reporting the first concurrent resolu­ set to require reauthorization of Gov­ ernment programs at least every five 10:00 a.m. tion on the fiscal year 1978 budget. to Appropriations receive testimony on U .S. monetary years. HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommittee policy. 3302 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on proposed budget 357 Russell Building Select Intelligence estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Budget Authorization National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ Subcommittee on Energy Research and To resume closed hearings on proposed ministration. Water Resources fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ 1318 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed authoriza­ ernment intelligence activities. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs tions for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy S-407, Capitol Research and Development Adminis­ 2:00p.m. Subcommittee on Financial Institutions Appropriattons To hold oversight hearings on the ac­ tration. 3110 Dirksen Building Labor-HEW Subcommittee tivities of the Electronic Fund Trans­ To continue hearings on proposed budg­ fer System Commission. Government Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Rela­ et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for school assistance in Federally af­ Energy and Natural Resources tions To hold hearings on S. 2, proposed Sun­ fected areas and emergency school ald. To hold hearings on proposed legisla­ S-128, Capitol tion on utilization of coal resources. set to require reauthorization of Gov­ 3110 Dirksen Building ernment programs at least every 5 MARCH 24 years. 9:00a.m. MARCH 22 3302 Dirksen Building Select Nutrition and Human Needs 9:30a.m. Select Intelllgence To resume hearings to examine the rela­ Appropriations Subcommittee on Budget Authorization tionship between diet and health, to Interior Subcommittee • To resume closed hearin gs on proposed receive testimony on beef consump­ To resume hearings on proposed budget fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ tion. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the ernment 1ntell1gence activites. Until : 1 p.m. 457 Russell Building omce of the Secretary; the omce of S-407, Capitol 9:30a.m. the Solicitor; and the Navajo-Hop! 2:00p.m. Appropriations Relocation Commission. Appropriations Interior Subcommittee 1114 Dirksen Bullding Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov­ To continue hearings on proposed budget Commerce, Science, and Transportation ernment Subcommittee est imates for fiscal year 1978 for the •communications Subcommittee To continue hearin gs on proposed budget Smithsonian Institution. To hold hearings to inquire into domestic estimat es for fiscal year 1978 for the 1114 Dirksen Building communications common carrier (i.e., Department of the Treasury, the Post­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation te1ephones, computers, etc.) policies. al Service, and General Government. Subcommittee on Aviation 235 Russell Building 1224 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on bills proposing reg­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation Appropriations ulatory reform in the air transporta­ Subcommittee on Aviation Labor-HEW Subcommittee tion industry, including S. 292. and To hold hearings on bills proposing regu­ To continue hearings on proposed budget s. 689. latory reform in the air transportation estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 5110 Dirksen Building Industry, including S. 292, and s. 689. Nat ional Institute of Education. 10:00 a .m. 5110 Dirksen Bulldtng S-128, Capitol Appropria tlons· 10:00 a.m. MARCH 23 Labor-HEW Subcommittee Appropriations 9:30a.m. To continue hearings on proposed budget Defense Subcommittee Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1978 for pro­ To continue hearings on proposed budget grams for education of the handi­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Interior Subcommittee capped, and for occupational, voca­ defense establishment, to hear otftcials To continue h earings on proposed tional, and adult education programs. of the Defense Communications budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 5-128, Capitol Agency, Mapping Agency, Nuclear for the Bureau of Lan d Management. Appropriations Agency, and Supply Agency. 1114 Dirksen Building For eign Operations Subcommittee 1223 Dirksen Building commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on proposed budget Appropriations •communications Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for for­ Foreign Operations Subcommittee To hold hearings to inquire into domes­ eign aid programs, to hear officials of To resume hearings on proposed budget tic communications common carrier AID. estimates !or fiscal year 1978 for for­ (i.e. telephones, computer, etc.) poli­ 1318 Dirksen Building eign ald programs, to hear otftclals of Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs AID. cies. To hold_hearings on S. 406, the proposed 8-126, Capitol 235 Russell Building Community Reinvestment Act. Appropriations Commerce, Science, and Transportation 5302 Dirksen Building HOD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Subcommittee on Aviation To hold hearings on bills proposing reg­ Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on proposed budget To hold oversight hearings on the pro­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the ulatory reform 1n the air transporta­ tion industry, including S. 292, and posal for an international petroleum National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ transshipment port and storage center m1n1strat1on. s. 689. 1318 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building located in the Palau District, Western March 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5823 Ca.rollne Islands, Trust Territory of the Governmental Atfatrs estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Pacific Islands. Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Re­ National Park Service. 3110 Dirksen Building lations 1114 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on S. 2 to require re­ Commerce, Science and Transportation Subcommittee on Energy Research and authorization o! Government pro­ Subcommittee Gn Aviation water Resources grams at least every five years (Pro­ To hold hearings on bills proposing reg­ To hold hearings on proposed authoriza­ posed Sunset Act). ulatory reform in the air transporta­ tions !or fiscal year 1978 for Energy 3302 Dirksen Building tion industry, including S. 292, and Research and Development Adminis­ MARCH 29 s. 689. tration. 9:30a.m. 5110 Dirksen Building Room to be announced Appropriations 10:00 Governmental Mairs Interior Subcommittee Appropriations Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Re­ To resume hearings em proposed budget Subcommittee on Defense lations estimates !or fiscal year 1978 !or the To continue hearings on proposed budget To hold hearings on S. 2 to require reau­ Fish and Wildlife Service. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the thorization o! Government programs 1114 Dirksen Building Defense Establishment to hear con­ at least every five years (proposed Sun­ Commerce, Science, and Transporta tlon gressional witne3Ses. set Act). Subcommittee on Aviation 1223 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on bills proposing reg­ · Appropriations 2:00a.m. ulatory reform ln the air transporta­ Fcreign Operations Subcommittee Appro piations tion industry, including S. 292, and To resume hearings on proposed budget Foreign Operations Subcommittee S. 689. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for for­ To continue hearings on proposed budget 5110 Dirksen Building eign aid programs, to hear officials of estimates !or fiscal year 1978 for for­ the Export-Import Bank, and Over­ eign aid programs, to hear officials of 10:00 a.m. Appropria tlons Eeas Private Investment Corporation. AID. 1318 Dirksen Building 1318 Dirksen Building Defense Subcommittee Appropriations To resume hearings on proposed budget Appropriations Labor-HEW Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 !or the Labor-HEW Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budget Defense Establishment, to hear Con­ To resume hearings on proposed budget estimates !or fiscal year 1978 for higher gressional witnesses. estimates for fiscal year 1978 !or the education and welfare programs, and 1223 Dirksen Building Social and Rehab1litation Service. for library resources. Appropriations 5-128, Capitol 5-128, Capitol HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Appropriations MARCH 25 To resume hearings on proposed bud!let Transportation Subcommitt ee 9:30a.m. estimates !or fiscal year 1978 !or the To resume hearings on proposed budget Commerce, Science, and Transportation Department o! Housing and Urban De- estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Subcommittee on Aviation velopment. Urban Mass Transportation Adminis­ To hold hearings on bllls proposing 1318 Dirksen Building tration. regula tory reform in the air transpor­ Appropriations 1224 Dirksen Building tation industry, including S. 292, and Labor-HEW Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs s. 689. To continue hearin~s on proposed budg­ To ma.rk up proposed legislation on cor­ 5110 Dirksen Building et estimates for fiscal year 1978 !or th~ p orate bribery and investment dis­ 10:00 a.m. Office of Human Development. closure. Appropria tlons 5-128, Capitol 5302 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Defense Appropriations Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on proposed budg­ Transportation Subcommittee ·subcommittee on Energy Research and et estimates !or fiscal year 1978 !or the To resume hearings on proposed budp:et Water Re=:ources. defense establishment, to hear Con­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 !or the To hold hearings on S. 419, to test the gressional Witnesses. Federal Railroad Administration commercial, environ mental, and so­ (Northeast Corridor). 1223 Dirksen Building cial viability of various oil shale tech­ Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs 1224 Dirksen Building nologies. To hold hearings on S. 406, the proposed ·Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building Communlty Reinvestment Act. To hold hearings on proposed legislation 5302 Dirksen BuHding on utilization of coal resources. Select Intelligence Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Budget Authorization Subcommittee on Energy Research and Governmental A1fatrs To resume closed hearings on proposed Water Resources Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Rela­ fis::al year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ To hold hearings on proposed authoriza­ tions ernment intelligence activities. tions !or fiscal year 1978 !or Energy To hold hearings on S. 2 to require re­ S-407, Capitol Research and Development Adminis­ authorization of Government pro­ MARCH 31 tration. grams at least every five y~ars. (pro­ 9:00 a.m. Room to be announced posed Sunset Act) Select Nutrition and Human Needs MARCH 28 3302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings t o examine the 9:30a.m. Select Intelllgence relationship between diet and health, Commerce, Science, and Transportation Subcommittee on Budeet Authorization to receive testimony on t~e need for Subcommittee on Aviation To resume closed hearin~rs on proposed fiber i:1 diet. To hold hearings on bills proposing regu­ fiscal year 1978 authorization for Gov­ Until: 1 p.m. 3302 Dirksen Building latory reform in the air transporta­ ernment inte111gence activities. 9:30 a.m. tion industry, including S. 292, anet S-407, Capitol Appropriations s. 689. 2:00p.m. Interior Subcommittee 5110 Dirksen Building Appropriations To continue hearings on proposed budget 10:00 a.m. Labor-HEW Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Appropriations To continue hearinmmittee To resume closed hearings on proposed Appropriations To continue hearings on proposed fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Interior Subcommittee budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 Government intelligence activities. To resume hearings on proposed budget for National Highway Trame Safety · 5-407, Capitol estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Administration. APRIL 1 Department of the Interior and re­ 1224 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. lated Agencies, to hear public wit- 2:00p.m. commerce, Science, and Transportation nesses. Appropriations Subcommittee on Aviation 1114 Dirksen Building Transportation Subcommittee To hold hearings on b11ls proposing reg­ Appropriations To continue hearings on proposed ulatory reform in the air transporta­ Transportation Subcommittee budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 tion industry, including S. 292, and To resume hearings on proposed budget for National Highway Traffic Safety s. 689. estimates for fiscal >ear 1978 for the Administration. 5110 Dirksen Building Federal Aviation Adininistration. 1224 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. 1224 Dirksen Building APRIL 27 Appropria tlons Transportation Subcommittee · 10:00 a .m . Appropriations To resume hearings on proposed budget Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Transportation Sub::::>mmittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To hold hearings on proposed legisla­ To continue hearings on proposed est i­ Federal High way Administration tion on housing and community de­ mates for fiscal vear 1978 for Urban 1224 Dirksen Building velopment, with a view to reporting its Mass Transportation Administration. final recommendations on housing pro­ 1224 Dirksen Building APRIL 4 grams to the Budget Committee by APRIL 28 10:00 a.m. May 15. 2:00p.m. Appropriations 5302 Dirksen Building HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Appropriations To resume hearings on proposed budget Government Affairs Transportation Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and To continue hearings on proposed budget Management estimates for fiscal vear 1978 for the Department of the Treasury, on funds National Highway Traffic Safety Ad­ for New York City financing. To hold hearings to examine Government 1318 Dirksen Bulldlng accounting and auditing practices and ministra tton. procedures. 1224 Dirksen Building APRIL 5 3302 Dirksen Building MAY 3 9:30a.m. 3:00p.m. 10:00 a.m. Approprla tions Appropriations Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Interior Subcommittee To hold oversight hearings on U.S. mone­ To resume hearings on proposed budget HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budget tary policy. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 5302 Dirksen Building Forest Servlce. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 1114 Dirksen Building Department of Housing and Urban De­ MAY 4 velopment, to hear publlc witnesses. 10:00 a .m . 10:00 a .m. 1318 Dirksen Building Appropriations Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee APRIL 20 To consider all proposed legislation under To continue hearings on proposed 10:00 a .m . the committee's jurisdiction with a budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 Appropriations view to reporting its final recommen­ for the Consumer Product Safety Com­ Interior Subcommittee dations to the Budget Committee by mission. To continue hearings on proposed budget May 15. Room to be announced estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 5302 Dirksen Building

. Ma·rch 2, 1977 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 5825 MAY 5 Governmental Affairs 2:00p.m. 10:00 a.m. Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and Appropriations Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Management Transportation Subcommittee To consider all proposed legislation under To hold hearings to examine Govern­ To continue hearings on proposed budget the committee's jurisdiction with a ment accounting and auditing prac­ estimates for fiscal year 1978, to hear view to reporting its final recommen­ tices and procedures. Secretary of Transportation Adams. dations to the Budget Committee by 3302 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building May 15. MAY 12 MAY 24 5302 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. MAY 6 Governmental Affairs Government Affairs 10:00 a.m. Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and Subcommittee oa Reports, Acc01.mt1ng, and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Management :\lanagemen t To consider all proposed legislation under To hold hearings to examine Govern­ To hold hearings to examine G~)\·ern­ the committee's jurisdiction with a ment accounting and auditing prac­ ment accounting and auditing prac­ view to reporting its final recommen­ tices and procedures. tices and procedures. 3302 Dirksen Building dations to the Budget Committee by 3302 Dirksen Building May 15. MAY 18 MAY 26 5302 Dirksen Building 10:00 a .m . 10:00 a.m. Appropriations Governmental Affairs MAY 10 Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and 10:00 a.m. Transportation Subcommittee :\lanagement Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue hearings on proposed budget To hold hearings to examine Govern­ To hold oversight hearings on U.S. mon­ estimates for fiscal year 1978, to hear ment accounting and auditing prac­ etary policy. Secretary of Transportation Adams. tices and procedures. 5302 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Build i1~g 3302 Dirksen Buildin ~

SENATE-Wednesday, March 2, 1977

anew with Thy refining grace. Enable us of Massachusetts, for the rank of ambas­ sador during his tenure of service as to welcome Thee here as the source of LEGISLATIVE SESSION our being, the benefactor of our liberties, Chief of Protocol for the \Vhite House. and the light of our lives. The DEPUTY PRESIDENT pro tern­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Grant to all who serve here that pore. Without objection, the nomination I ask unanimous consent that the Sen­ clearer vision and higher wisdom which is considered and confirmed. ate resume the conside.ra tion of legil:;la­ Thou dost bestow upon all who open their Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I wish only tive business. hearts to Thee in sincerity and in truth. to note that, as I indicated to the dis­ The DEPUTY PRESIDENT pro tern­ And to Thy name shall be the praise and tinguished majority leader, the Executive pore. Without objection, the Senate will the thanksgiving. Amen. Calendar has been cleared on our side, resume the consideration of legislative beginning with the nomination of Am­ business. bassador Dobelle, and continuing through THE JOURNAL page 2, the various nominations for the Department of State, and there is no ob­ CARTER PROPOSAL FOR ENERGY Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, jection. DEPARTMENT I ask unanimous consent that the Jour­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President. nal of the proceedings of yesterday, DEPARTMENT OF STATE the President has now taken the initiai Tuesday, March 1, 1977, be approved. necessary step toward giving a clear The DEPUTY PRESIDENT pro tem­ The second assistant legislative clerk sense of direction to our national energy pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. proceeded to read sundry nominations in policy. He has proposed the creation of the Department of State. a Cabinet level Energy Department. COMMI'ITEE MEETINGS Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, combining three separate energy agen­ I ask unanimous consent that the nomi­ cies and assuming energy-related re­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President nations be considered and confirmed en sponsibilities from six other Federal de­ I ask unanimous consent that all com~ bloc. partments and agencies. mittees may be authorized to meet dur­ The DEPUTY PRESIDENT pro tem­ I believe that the President's proposal ing the Senate session today. pore. Without objection, it is so ordered, is responsive to the needs of the Na­ The DEPUTY PRESIDENT pro tem­ and the nominations are considered and tion. Our present diffused Federal en­ pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. confirmed en bloc. ergy responsibility is just not capable