Report on the Audit of the Business Lease Agreement Between Merck
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Doing Business in the Federal Republic of Germany
Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 3 Number 2 Fall Article 4 May 2020 Doing Business in the Federal Republic of Germany Georg Kutschelis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Georg Kutschelis, Doing Business in the Federal Republic of Germany, 3 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 197 (1973). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Denver Sturm College of Law at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],dig- [email protected]. DOING BUSINESS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY* GEORG KUTSCHELIS** I. INTRODUCTION II. PRELIMINARY FORMALITIES A. Residence permit (Aufenthaltserlaubnis) B. Labor permit (Arbeitserlaubnis) C. Registration of business (Gewerbeanmeldung) D. Registration of foreign corporate bodies III. LEGAL ORGANIZATION OF A BUSINESS A. Statutory background B. Some peculiarities of German commercial law 1. Kinds of merchants 2. Commercial register 3. Commercial name (Firma) 4. Commercial agency C. Criteria of companies 1. Capacity to hold legal rights (Rechtsfaehigkeit) 2. The dichotomy of company and association 3. Internal and external companies 4. Person-companies and capital-companies 5. Ownership of company assets D. Kinds of Companies 1. Private law company (Gesellschaft buergerlichen- Rechts) 2. Partnership (Offene Handelsgesellschaft) 3. Limited partnership (Kommanditgesellschaft) 4. Silent partnership (Stille Gesellschaft) 5. Stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) 6. Partnership limited by shares (Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien) 7. Limited liability company (Gesellschaft mit besch- raenkterHaftung) 8. Limited liability company and partner (GmbH & Co KG) 9. -
Germany (1950-2018)
Germany Self-rule INSTITUTIONAL DEPTH AND POLICY SCOPE Germany has two-tiered regional governance consisting of sixteen Länder and (Land)Kreise. Several Länder have a third tier between these two, Regierungsbezirke (administrative districts). Two Länder have a fourth tier of regional governance, Landschaftsverbände in North-Rhine Westphalia and Bezirksverband Pfalz in Rhineland-Palatinate.1 The 1949 Basic Law of the German Federal Republic granted eleven Länder extensive competences, which include legislative powers for culture, education, universities, broadcasting/television, local government, and the police (C 1949, Art. 74; Council of Europe: Germany 1999; Hrbek 2002; Swenden 2006; Watts 1999a, 2008). Länder also exercise residual competences (C 1949, Art. 70). In addition, the Basic Law states that Länder are responsible for the implementation of most federal laws (C 1949, Arts. 83–85). The federal government may legislate to preserve legal and economic unity with respect to justice, social welfare, civil law, criminal law, labor law, and economic law (C 1949, Art 72.2), and it has authority to establish the legislative framework in higher education, the press, environmental protection, and spatial planning (C 1949, Art. 72.3; Reutter 2006). The federal government exercises sole legislative authority over foreign policy, defense, currency, and public services (C 1949, Art. 73; Council of Europe: Germany 1999; Hrbek 2002; Swenden 2006; Watts 1999a, 2008). It also has exclusive authority over immigration and citizenship (C 1949, Arts. 73.2 and 73.3), though Länder administer inter-Land immigration and have concurrent competence on residence (Bendel and Sturm 2010: 186-187; C 1949, Arts. 74.4 and 74.6).2 However, this is not enough to qualify for the maximum score on policy scope.β The constitutional division of authority was extended to the five new Länder after unification in 1990. -
Doing Business in Germany 2015
Doing Business in Germany 2015 IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER: This book is not intended to be a comprehensive exposition of all potential issues arising in the context of doing business in Germany, nor of the laws relating to such issues. It is not offered as advice on any particular matter and should not be taken as such. Baker & McKenzie, the editors and the contributing authors disclaim all liability to any person in respect of anything done wholly or partly in reliance upon the whole or part of this book. Before any action is taken or decision not to act is made, specific legal advice should be taken in light of the relevant circumstances and no reliance should be placed on the statements made or documents reproduced in this book. This publication is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study or research permitted under applicable copyright legislation, no part may be reproduced or transmitted by any process or means without the prior permission of the editors. Doing Business in Germany Contributors Christian Atzler Michael Bartosch Christoph Becker Claudia Beuter-Brinkmann Christian Brodersen André Buchholtz Vanessa Dersch Ulrich Ellinghaus Silke Fritz Wolfgang Fritzemeyer Joachim Fröhlich Marc Gabriel Thomas Gilles Tobias Gräbener Heiko Haller Caroline Heinickel Christian Horstkotte Philipp Jost Martin Kaiser Benjamin Koch Hagen Köckeritz Lara Link Nicole Looks Holger Lutz Ghazale Mandegarian Jochen Meyer-Burow Julia Pfeil Christian Port Christian Reichel Jörg Risse Juliane Sassmann Matthias Scholz Oliver Socher -
Comparative Company Law
Comparative company law 26th of September 2017 – 3rd of October 2017 Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS Attorney in France and Germany Certified specialist in international and EU law Certified specialist in arbitration law ABCI ALISTER Strasbourg (France) • Kehl (Germany) Plan • General view of comparative company law (A.) • Practical aspects of setting up a subsidiary in France and Germany (B.) © Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS - Avocat & Rechtsanwalt 2 A. General view of comparative company law • Classification of companies (I.) • Setting up a company with share capital (II.) • Management bodies (III.) • Transfer of shares (IV.) • Taxation (V.) • General tendencies in company law (VI.) © Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS - Avocat & Rechtsanwalt 3 I. Classification of companies • General classification – Partnerships • Typically unlimited liability of the partners • Importance of the partners – The companies with share capital • Shares can be traded more or less freely • Typically restriction of the associate’s liability – Hybrid forms © Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS - Avocat & Rechtsanwalt 4 I. Classification of companies • Partnerships – « Civil partnership » • France: Société civile • Netherlands: Maatschap • Germany: Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts • Austria: Gesellschaft nach bürgerlichem Recht (GesnbR) • Italy: Società simplice © Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS - Avocat & Rechtsanwalt 5 I. Classification of companies • Partnerships – « General partnership » • France: Société en nom collectif • UK: General partnership (but without legal personality!) • USA: General partnership -
The Concept of Stare Decisis in the German Legal System – a Systematically Inconsistent Concept with High Factual Importance
Pobrane z czasopisma Studia Iuridica Lublinensia http://studiaiuridica.umcs.pl Data: 01/10/2021 21:41:15 Part 4. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia vol. XXVII, 1, 2018 DOI: 10.17951/sil.2018.27.1.121 Peter Stainer Attorney-at-law, Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected] Dominik König Inhouse legal counsel, Bad Homburg, Germany [email protected] The Concept of Stare Decisis in the German Legal System – A Systematically Inconsistent Concept with High Factual Importance Koncepcja stare decisis w systemie prawa niemieckiego – niespójna systemowo koncepcja posiadająca wysoką realną wartość SUMMARY It is worth mentioning that the German legal system is based on the codified law. This system lacks in stare decisis and precedentsUMCS in general, which – in principle – does not raise doubts. The role of precedent in the decisional process is relative and dependent on the question as to whether the case may be resolved pursuant to a legal act. In that case, precedents would not play any or almost any role at all. However, the role of precedents increases, when there is a lack of appropriate legal rights, or if legal rights require inter- pretation. It should be emphasised that stare decisis understood as a formally binding precedent refers only to rulings issued by the Federal Constitutional Court, whereas precedents of higher courts have a significant meaning to everyday judicial practice in Germany, despite the fact that they are not formally binding. Keywords: stare decisis; precedent; German legal system; Federal Constitutional Court INTRODUCTION Stare decisis is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase stare decisis et non quieta movere, meaning “to stand by decisions and not to disturb settled matters”1. -
Corporate Governance Kodex
Declaration on the German Corporate Governance Code for 2015 The Management Board of Henkel Management AG as the personally liable partner (general partner), the Shareholders’ Committee and the Supervisory Board of Henkel AG & Co. KGaA (“the Corporation”) declare, pursuant to Art. 161 German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), that notwithstanding the specific regulations governing companies with the legal form of a German partnership limited by shares (“KGaA”) and to the pertinent provisions of its articles of association (“bylaws”) as indicated below, the Corporation has complied with the recommendations (“shall” clauses) of the German Corporate Governance Code (“Code”) as amended on May 13, 2013, since the last declaration of conformity of February 2014, and presently complies with and will comply in future with the recommendations of the Code as amended on June 24, 2014, subject to certain exceptions indicated below. Modifications due to the legal form of a KGaA and its basic features as laid down in the bylaws • The Corporation is a “Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien” (“KGaA”). The tasks and duties of an executive board in a German joint stock corporation (“AG”) are assigned to the personally liable partner(s) of a KGaA. The sole personally liable partner of the Corporation is Henkel Management AG, the Management Board of which is thus responsible for managing the business activities of the Corporation. The Corporation is the sole shareholder of Henkel Management AG. • The shareholders’ committee (“Shareholders’ Committee”) established in accordance with the Corporation’s bylaws acts in place of the Annual General Meeting, its primary duties being to engage in the management of the Corporation’s affairs and to appoint and dismiss personally liable partners; it holds representative authority and power of management allowing it to preside over the legal relationships between the Corporation and Henkel Management AG as the latter’s personally liable partner. -
Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the European Charter of Local Self-Government (Monitoring Committee)
Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the European Charter of Local Self-Government (Monitoring Committee) Original: English CG-MON(2020)17-03prov Restricted 22 June 2020 Monitoring of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in Austria Rapporteurs1 : Marc COOLS, Belgium (L, ILDG) Andrew DISMORE, United-Kingdom (R, SOC/G/PD) Preliminary draft recommendation ................................................................................................................ 2 Draft explanatory memorandum .................................................................................................................... 5 Summary This report is prepared following the second monitoring visit to Austria since the country ratified the Charter in 1987. It welcomes the constitutional and legal recognition and substantial implementation of the principle of local self-government in Austria, the introduction of the Länder Administrative Courts to strengthen the Austrian federalism, the extension of the competences of the associations of local authorities to cooperate and the reforms carried out since 2011 with a view to clarifying the distribution of competences between the Federation, the Länder and local authorities. The adoption of the New Government Plan with the objective, among other things, to tackle some of the outstanding issues reflected in this report has also been welcomed. At the same time, the rapporteurs stress that in Austria, there is still a high degree of complexity in the allocation of -
Experience the Future of Law, Today Reflections on the Legal Form
Experience the future of law, today | Table of Contents Experience the future of law, today Reflections on the legal form Strengthening the equity base through third-party participation while at the same time securing control by the previous owners 00 Experience the future of law, today | Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Initial situation: Interest in securing control of the company despite the need for equity 2 The partnership limited by shares (Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien) as a solution 3 What is the KGaA? 3 What makes the KGaA so unique? 3 Summary 4 01 Experience the future of law, today | Reflections on the legal form Reflections on the legal form Strengthening the equity base of through third- party participation while at the same time securing control by the previous owners Initial situation: Interest in securing control of the company despite the need for equity The current crisis is eating away at the equity capital of numerous German companies. Many of them will in the medium term need additional financial resources, whether to replace state-backed loans from KfW or other state loans and thus restore their ability to pay dividends, to finance investments or simply to strengthen their equity base again. Also, it is conceivable, that acquisitions shall be made without impairing liquidity and that in view of the current slump in share prices other companies shall be taken over - because the opportunity is favorable or circumstances require it (rounding off the portfolio, acquisition of digital competence, securing and making the supply chain more flexible, insourcing, etc.). -
Declaration on Corporate Governance
Declaration on Corporate Governance The actions of the executive and supervisory bodies of CompuGroup Medical SE & Co. KGaA (hereinafter also re- ferred to as “CompuGroup Medical” or the “Company” and together with its affiliates the “CompuGroup Medical Group”) are governed by the principles of responsible and good corporate governance. In the following, please find the report of the Managing Directors of the Company’s General Partner, CompuGroup Medical Management SE, and the Supervisory Board of CompuGroup Medical on corporate governance in accordance with principle 22 of the German Corporate Governance Code (Code) and in accordance with sections 289f, 315d German Commercial Code (HGB). 1. Statement Pursuant to Section 161 AktG [Aktiengesetz – German Public Companies Act] (Statement of Compliance) DECLARATION BY THE GENERAL PARTNER AND BY THE SUPERVISORY BOARD OF COMPUGROUP MEDICAL SE & CO. KGAA ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT COMMISSION ON THE GERMAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CODE (REGIERUNGSKOMMISSION DEUTSCHER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE KODEX) PURSUANT TO SECTION 161 GERMAN STOCK CORPORATION ACT (AKTG) I. Preamble The Management Board and the Supervisory Board of CompuGroup Medical SE last issued a Declaration of Compliance pursuant to Section 161 (1) German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) on January 23, 2020. The Management Board and Supervisory Board of CompuGroup Medical SE amended this Declaration of Com- pliance on February 12, 2020. Based on the resolution of the Annual General Meeting of CompuGroup Medical SE of May 13, 2020, Com- puGroup Medical SE was converted by way of a change of legal form in accordance with the provisions of the German Transformation Act (Sections 190 et seq., 226 et seq., 238 et seq. -
Merck Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Darmstadt
Merck Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Darmstadt Germany - ISIN DE 000 659 990 5 - - Securities Identification No. 659 990 - The shareholders of our company are hereby invited to attend the Annual General Meeting on Friday, April 26, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. CEST held at the Jahrhunderthalle Frankfurt, Pfaffenwiese 301, 65929 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 1 of 29 Agenda 1. Presentation of the annual financial statements approved by the Supervisory Board, as well as the consolidated financial statements approved by the Supervisory Board and the combined management report (including the explanatory report on the information in accordance with Section 289a (1), Section 315a (1) HGB) for fiscal 2018 and the Report of the Supervisory Board The Supervisory Board has approved the annual financial statements and the consolidated financial statements which were prepared by the Executive Board in accordance with Section 171 of the German Stock Corporation Act, (hereinafter "AktG"). In accordance with Section 286 (1) AktG, Article 29 (3) of the Articles of Association, the annual financial statements are to be adopted by the General Meeting (Item 2 of the Agenda). The aforementioned documents will be available on the company's website as of the date on which the Annual General Meeting is convened. In addition, they will be available for inspection by the limited shareholders (also referred to hereinafter as “shareholders”) at the business offices of the company once the Annual General Meeting has been convened (for more information see the section titled “Information and Documents for the Annual General Meeting; company website”). No resolution is required for Item 1 of the Agenda. -
Company Description Hertha BSC Gmbh & Co
Company Description Hertha BSC GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (KGaA) relating to the listing of up to EUR 40,000,000 Senior Unsecured Callable Bonds due 2023 ISIN: SE0011337054 Joint Bookrunners Pareto Securities AB & equinet Bank AG Certified Adviser FNCA Sweden AB Nasdaq First North Bond Market is an alternative marketplace operated by an exchange within the Nasdaq group. Issuers on Nasdaq First North Bond Market are not subject to the same rules as Issuers on the regulated main market. Instead they are subject to a less extensive set of rules and regulations. The risk in investing in an Issuer on Nasdaq First North Bond Market may therefore be higher than investing in an Issuer on the main market. At least during the application process Issuers – except for Issuers whose securities are already admitted to trading on a regulated market or a Nasdaq First North Bond market – applying for admission to trading of fixed income instruments on Nasdaq First North Bond Market shall have a Certified Adviser who monitors that the rules are followed. The Exchange approves the application for admission to trading. Company Description dated 3 January 2019 W/8693630/v11 2 (79) IMPORTANT NOTICE: This company description (the "Company Description") has been prepared by Hertha BSC GmbH & Co. KGaA) (the "Issuer", or the "Company" or together with its Subsidiaries from time to time, the "Group"), a German partnership limited by shares (De. Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien) registered with the local court (De. Amtsgericht) of Charlottenburg, with the registration number HRB 84666 B having its registered address at Hanns-Braun-Str., Friesenhaus 2, 14053 Berlin, in relation to the application for the listing of the senior unsecured callable bonds denominated in EUR (the "Bonds") on the corporate bond list on Nasdaq First North Bond Market ("Nasdaq First North"). -
Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft in Respect of Non-Equity Securities Within the Meaning of Art
Base Prospectus 17 November 2020 This document constitutes the base prospectus of Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft in respect of non-equity securities within the meaning of Art. 2 (c) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 14, 2017 (the “Prospectus Regulation”) for the purposes of Article 8(1) of the Prospectus Regulation (the “Base Prospectus”). Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft (Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany) as Issuer EUR 4,000,000,000 Debt Issuance Programme (the “Programme”) In relation to notes issued under this Programme, application has been made to the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (the “CSSF”) of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (“Luxembourg”) in its capacity as competent authority under the Luxembourg act relating to prospectuses for securities dated 16 July 2019 (Loi du 16 juillet 2019 relative aux prospectus pour valeurs mobilières et portant mise en oeuvre du règlement (UE) 2017/1129, the “Luxembourg Law”) for approval of this Base Prospectus. The CSSF only approves this Base Prospectus as meeting the standards of completeness, comprehensibility and consistency imposed by the Prospectus Regulation. Such approval should not be considered as an endorsement of the economic or financial opportunity of the operation or the quality and solvency of the Issuer or of the quality of the Notes that are the subject of this Base Prospectus. Investors should make their own assessment as to the suitability of investing in the Notes. By approving this Base Prospectus, the CSSF does not assume any responsibility as to the economic and financial soundness of any issue of Notes under the Programme and the quality or solvency of the Issuer.