PAUL LOUIS COURIER. (Continued from 14-). p.

compelled by the length of my former paper to I WASclose the firstdivision of Courier's career with his retire­ ment from the army. We have thus an interlude of six devoted almost entirely to literary pursuits, before we years,come to the Paul Louis best known in France, the keen s

# For some account of the character of the" Restoration" govern­ �l�n�, see an interesting paper on "Armand Carrel" in s Dissertations and Discussions, Mr. J. S. III V 01. I. V. F VOL. Paul Louis Couriet'. Louis C()u1'im'. 66 Paul 67 Plato,- Th e interlocutors are Comtesse, ral. Tak e th e case of Alex and�r. Th re were numbers la O'en e , , � Italian arti st of som e note, and Courier himself. It arti sts, poets, pamters, sc ulptors In hiS tIm e, bu t only one �f were a thousand with an in cid ental rem ark of Courier's, "que no tr e Alexander, yo u say. I reply th at there who very secretary who was not valait bi en celui de Louis XIV." to which Fa br e tak es very only wanted an ar my -why his but strong exc ep tio n, Comparing th e two as regards in particular even a so ld ier, who never carri ed anything in the field, th e encouragement given to art an d poetry, he contend s his pen and his writing stand , turned out a great general th e latter has in every way the ad vantage. Courier suggests as so on as Pro vid ence will ed it, and beat your Cassanders and eed s natu rally enough th at, granti ng this to be true, there sti ll rem ain th e more other men of the sword. He thus proc im portant departments of sci en ce, politics, and war. As to a comparison of the glory to which art and war resp ec ­ concerns the first , Fabr e points out very fa irly that to tively lead, vi nd icating the fir st place fo r the fo rmer, But I Th e establish th e superiority of the presen t age, it is not en ough can not fo llow him into th is part of his argum ent. to prove ad ditio ns to th e stores ofknowlec1ge, but th at we must fallacy into which he has fa llen abo ve consi sts, it seem s to me, be ab le to show th at these additions are grea ter and mo re in icrl10ring th e detai led work of the subo rdinates in an ar my, important th an were made by th e prec ed ing ag e to th e stock all �f \Vhi �h must be regulated by so me technic rules. The with which it beg an it s work. And then we com e to th e real very postulate "g iven an army" implies a traini ng accordi ng su bject of the dialogue, vi z.-Ts there an art of war ? and to an art of war. And even if we limit the di�cussion to th e which is the great er glory, that of the artist or th at of th e art of generalship, th e exi st enc e of an art by which an warrior? " We are less warriors," Fa br e says, "than th ey ordina ry man may become a resp ec table general, is no more th e ag e of Louis XIV." But what is it to be more or less a dispro ved by such meteor-like ap paritions as an Alexander warrior ? Surely it is not to be measur ed by th e scale 011 or a Co nrle, th an tha t of an art at' music is im pugned by th e which the operations of war ar e exec ut ed , by the num bers fa ct that a Moz art could write a concerto at si x or a sy mphony left dead on a si ng le field , else this age would undoubt edly at twelve years of ag e. bear the palm . Of two players play ing against differen t But it is time that we followed Couri er in to Italy. After ad versari es one shall ga in ten pence, the other as many the battl e of Wagram he went off into Switzerland and pounds-the one sh al l play three hours on en d fo r his pence, sp ent th e autumn on the bo rd ers of the lake of Lucern e, th e other as many minutes. You would not say at once th at at work apparently upon a revi sion of the text of Plutarch. th e lat ter was the bett er play er, bec ause his adversary may be Then he went , as winter set in, to Milan and Florence. a mere ignoramus. So th e warrior char ac ter is not measured In the Laurentian li brary at the latter plac e he had by succ ess. Is it th en to be measured by th e proficiency of previo usly noticed a manu sc ript of the Pastoral of th e age in an art of war? But is there an art of war? If Lo ng us, "D aphnis and Chloe"-and had observed that it �he:e is, th e�, as in other ar ts, a man must at tain to proficiency Contained a passage which was missing in the ed ition s and in It by patient st udy �nd hard work, al ways Progressi ng th e other MSS. He set himself to copy this under the III . , towards but never reachmg th e Id eal of perfectIOn. But is su pervi sio n and with th e assist anc e of Signor Furia th e this so ? A young prince of ei ghteen comes post haste from librarian, but unfo rtu nat ely in doing so inser ted as a mark a c.our �, fights a bat tle, wins it, !ln�th er e he is"gr eat captain" fo r piece of paper which had so me ink underneath it, and so hfe, m fact th e greatest captam I the world.t blotted the MS . It was not lo ng before a , ? A great geni us, out so me words of you may say, bu t no pnnc e In th e world, with whatever storm was rai sed abo ut his ears. He was denounced as a gen! us heaven may � ave endowe� him, could have painted base thief, whose object had been to destroy the MS. of a straight off Raphael s Holy FamIly, or written Pergolesi 's pas sag e of which he himself possessed th e only copy. The Stabat .J.l1.ate1·. Yo u only want an army to make a good blo t it was said covered the whole of th e newly-found fr ag­ m ent , and the ink with which it was made, was of a peculiar d '* It would seem that Courier had at one time intended to write escription which defied all the arts of ch emists" Co urier,. 1\ series of these Conversations, at the request of the Countess. This is numbered 5th Conversation. ------e ou detached the inked paper from the MS. CO!lrier � M, R n ard 15tlO t The CondjJ. d' otly insinuates that the spot was made larger after this. great F2 Paul Louis Courier. paul Louis 69 68 Courier. to prove his disinterestedness, broke off a compact which he The most biting passage in the whole letter is perhaps ha :l made with a Parisian bookseller, named elloual'd following: � R son salSlsse­ p:'lI1�ed the fragment and a translation at his own cost, and the"Le s expressions de M, Furia pour peindre dlstnbuted it gratis among Greek scholars. He went to ment la vue de cette tache, qui couvrait, comme je vous ai Rome-but the storm followed him thither: his Greek was dit it vingtaine de mats, sont au plus haut style et d' un une avez ete frap e, seized and himself summoned before the prefect to give Some pa(hetique rare, meme en I�alie. V?US en p account of himself. To mend matters, attention being once monsieur, et vous les avez clt6es, mals sans oser les tradUJre. called to him, it was found that he had left the army without Peut-tltre avez-vous pense que la faiblesse de notre langue ne leave, and t.he minister of war was set upon his traces. He ponrrait �tteindre a cette hauteur: je suis plus hardi, et e , ,.i was set down as a mauvais suJet, and even forbidden to qUOlqu' en (11se Horace, qu' on peut essay er de tradUll'e crois, ' Furia: e est tout un. oici une version publish his defe':lCe, but by a little trickery he got it printed pin dare et M. V l� the .shape of a letter to M. Renouard, and put it into litterale. clrcul un si hOr1·ible sp ectacle (il paJ'le de ce p�te que j e fis , "A atIOn as best he could. It is prefaced by a history of the CIrcumstances and the consequences of sur son bouq uin). mon sang se gela dans mes veines et, dU1"ant the accident. It __ app'ears that, when he was preparinO' the instants, voulant crier, voulant pader, ma 'voix fraO'ment for pl1tsieurs a dalZs mon gosier: un frisson glace s'emparct de tous p�blication, �e re�eived inti�11ation t?a he wou d be per­ s'ar7'f;t t l membres stupides ...... oyez-vous Monsieur? ce pfite, mItted t� de.chcate It to the pnncess ElIsa, Bonaparte's sister. mes V But dechcatIOns were not in Courier's line-so he took no c'est pour lui la tete de Meause. Le voila stupide,' il l'assure, v6e par son livre. Mais nO.tice of �he hint, and "hinc ill03 lacrymce." In addition to et c' est la seule assertion qui soit prou thIS, Funa had for some years been at work on the volume il y a dans cet aveu autant de malice que d' ingenuite: car i1 wh�ch contained the MS. and in fact had published a digest veut faire croire que c'est moi qui l'ai rendu tel, au grand of Its contents, but had never discovered this treasure which detriment de la litterature." it contained. • After this reply he was left in peace. All further dis­ The letter itself is a piece of the most stinO'ing satire from cussion on the subject was forbidden, though Courier's t> ' in France, W h·IC h even M. Renouard does not escape: still less the prunphlet made some noise both in Italy and French government in Italy . Indeed the hatred of the government officials in particular being annoyed at the the were mentioned, amI French,. it is hinted, was the cause of the avidity with which very disrespectful way in which they the ItalIans welcomed and exaggerated the charge against the dislike with which the Italians regarded them made a Frenchman. Were I to give a detailed accoun t of the known. "Bonaparte croyait etre adore partout, sa police le letter" I ml st re lui assurait chaque matin: une voix qui disait le contraire ; J?roduce t�e whole. I will content myself therefore With a few quotatIOns. I have chosen them chiefly 1'111barr assait fort la police, et pouvait attirer I' attention de as specimens of Courier's I?ost pungent style. Bonaparte, comme i1 arriva ; car un jour il en pada, et voulut Here are a couple of hits at the" savants florentins": �avoir ce que c'etait qu'un officier retire a Rome qui faisait ll11priruer du grec. Sur ce qu'on lui en dit, il le laissa en " , Sans ee fragment fatal au repos de rua vie l'epos." j .' in Italy (at Rome and Mes ours dans le loisir eoulel'aient sans e�vie , The next two years Courier spent Naples) and in the latter part of 1812 returned to France. e 'aurais demele � � eu riel; cl ,� avec les savants florentins, We hear but little of him till when he was married to Jam Is on 1814, . ,� ne se sel'att dout.e qu lIs sussent si peu leur metier; the clucst daughter of his friend, M. Clavier. There was et 19norance de ces meSSlellrS, ne paraissant 1 , que dans leurs l1luch hesitation, as usual, about the match-once it was ' ouvrages, n eut ete eonnue de personne. broken otf', but only to be renewed a few days afterwards. e ne avais pas qu� ce l vre f1lt "J � � le Palladium de Florence, ]� e Was married on the 12th of May, and in August we find q e le dest�� de �ette vIlle fut attache aux mots que al he gave himself up to the l ? je venais hllll one Normandy. There � e.ffacer; J aUl'alS da cepen�ant m� douter que ces objets adventurousin life which he had so 10nO' led, forgetting the etment sacres pour les Florentms, car lIs n' y touchent jamais." change his position. Indeed he w s even on the point in � Louis COUl'iC1·. Paul Louis Cou1'im·. 70 Paul 71 But it is only fair to put side by of embark ing on a vessel that was setting sail fo r serve under Bo naparte. to this the im proved state of the peasantry, and the B�t t e letters of his yo ung wife wo n hi m back, and ide wi th ? rity which Co urier's le tters of this th Is hme he seems to have been quite an exemplary husb and. ncre ase in ge ne ral pro spe . � in his ocking way, in writing to HIs lo ng ab sence fro m France had cause d co nsi de rable time at te st. He st ates it, � . la Renard lere , one of diso rde r in the management of his pro pe rty. His ne ighbo urs his wi fe. "I we nt to M. Pr ec ontals de ey; 'it is the pe asants' had grad ual ly encroached upo n hi s est ate s, and even cut our de btors. He told me he had no mon 011 the nobility wi ll down his timber, and the next fe w years we re spe nt in vai n said he 'who have it all-if th is go es so mething. If endeavo urs to recover in so me degree his riClh ts. One or di e of hunge r or be obliged to take to doing ys it -these two of hi s printed wo rk s re fe r to these privat matters, and a meadow is to be so ld, it is a pe asant wh o bu � n this be endure d ?' may e passe d over as being of li ttle ge ne ral interest . It is fo lks eat meat, drink wine , wear shoes; ca � ud der by telli ng by hI S pam ph lets that he is most known fro m this ti me I crave in to his hu mour, and made him sh it ?' said fo rw ard. The firstof the se is the Petit£on aux deux Chambres hi� wh at I had just wi tne ssed. ' Wo uld yo u believe ve just come fro m Jean Co ud ray wh o owed which is dat �d 1816. It mark s a di stinct pro gre ss in hi I to him-' I ha . : once, and his wi fe style, whICh IS much more so ber and less labo ured th an in me so me money. He paid it me at hi s earlie r w ins isted on my breakfasting wi th thel1�. 'Wh at do yo u think . �itings. It is a plain st ate ment of wh at had la occuned wI thm a fe w she take s fo r break fast ? Why cream 111 her coffee! cqje : . . month s at Luy nes, a sm all village in et 1000 creme.' It made their hair stand on end- we agreed that ':fouraI n.e, co�tal l1ll1g ab out inhabitants, and gi ve s an th is way. I left th em expre ssi ng lnterestJ�g pIcture of the st ate of the count ry after the things co uld not go on in . . turn of the go od old ti mes; fo r Re st oratIOn A mIlle r im prisoned fo r two month s li ke a ve ry hearty wi shes fo r the re wh en the peasants are dying co mmon th ief fo r re fusing to stop or do ff his hat as a fune ral they wi ll pay me, I expect, differe nt pic ture passed; another confined fo r six we eks for spe ak inCl ill of the of hunger, and are covered wi th rags. " A 1788. go ve rnment; a ni gh t�raid o ge ndarmes ending in he.seizure this from that of th e pe asant of � f Renouard specimens of ten persons as Bo napartlsts; such are the facts on wh ic h I have quoted from the letter to M. may gi ve so me the peti tio n is gro unded, told in the simplest manner, wi th of Co urier's punge nt writ ing; the fo llo wing Aubert is one hardly any comm nt. But wh at gave the pam ide a of his po we rs of simple pathos. Pi erre � . ph let im � po rtan�e was, th at It was recogmzed as a statement of what of th e te n Bo napartists. veuf, avait un gar�on et une fil le ; was gomg on all over Fra�ce, and men re joiced th at so me "Pierre Aube rt, re plus je une encore, mais do nt, one had the boldness to gIve utterance to wh at was in the celle-ci de onze ans, l' aut acre, la douceur et I'inte lli ge nce int (ire ssaie nt deja tout tho� g?ts of al l. "Authorit�, .ge nt lemen, this is the great cet . wO law authorz"ty. ale se j oignait alors la pi ti e q u' inspi rait le ur ld In France.. Else wh ere It IS , here, One mo nde. A cela urut . Ri en ne le ur man say s pub lIc ly that he is keeping his wine till Bonaparte's maIhem; chacun de so n mieux le s se co ternels se pouvaie �t re m placer; re turn, and no one say s � wo rd to him. Wh y? He is a eut manque, si le s so ins pa respect bon sUJet). mai tot tomb a dans une melancohe dont on ne able fellow � . Po or Maucl air do es not say s la pet ite bien near 5.0 ch la . Cette nuit, ces ge ndarmes, et so n pere ly mu. and IS se nt to pnson. Why ? He is a sc ape grace put dist raire (mauva�s s?fJet:) mernoire. L' impre ssio n he has offe nded the people who set the ge n­ enchalne, ne s' effa� ai ent poi nt de sa . d'un si affre ux reveil, ne darmes a.m archm g. If yo u can keep on good terms with de te rreur qu' elle avait co nse rvee bon l gaiete ni le s je ux de so n fige; elle such and suc� an one you are a suJet, and may live in ui laissa jamais re pre nd re la pe ace. n' a ir de pui s, et se consumer pe u pe u. But If y�u go to law with such an one, or do n't take fait que langu a elle lait so n off your hat to hIm' you are set do wn at once as a mauvais Re fus ant toute no urrit ure, sans cesse appe pet-e. . . • sU et ouci r so n chagrin, et pent- J. -and the law IS brought to bear upo n yo u, so metimes On crut, en le lui faisant voir, ad t, ma is trop tard, I'entree a httle rudely. As Ch ateaub ri and say s of yo u at Paris- etre la rappeler la vie : elle obtin a asfee, il se flatte de , Yo u ha,:"e two we ights, and two measures: fo r the same fault de la prison. Il I'a vue, il I' a embr 1: to ut son malheUl·, que one man IS condemned, anothe r ac quitted.' " Such we re the embrasser encore; il ne sait pas frelUiss ndre les gardiells l1l�me s de ces pe tty tyrannies committed by official s, wh o, a fe w years ent lIe lui appre lieux. . ures, i1 vit de esperal lce be fo re, had seIzed the same persons because their so ns refused Au fo nd de ces terribles deme l' 72 Paul Louis Courier. Louis 73 Paul Courier. d' thre en fin quelque jo ur l'endu EL la lumiere, et ue retro uver chamber ; M. J omard and the Chevalier Dureau de la Malle; sa fiUe; depuis quin ze jo urs eUe est morte. " O'ent lem en who are not Greek sc ho lars it is true, but who se Could anything be more touching than the simpli city of �rinciples are well known." To give an an aly si s of this the last sentence? 'emarkable letter is scarcely po ssible. I wi ll quote but one The Pet£tion was fo llowed by the Lcttre :Mcssieul's �passag e. He is replying to the insinuation that his principles a de l'Academie des Insc1'iptions et des Belles-Lettres, an d ar e not kn own; "I may tell you," he says, "t hat my th e two fo rm' one picture of th e st at e of things under the iJrinciples ar e. known to those who know myself, an d I mig?t second Restoration. The petty ty ranny of minor officials be satisfied WIth that, but, that I may hear no more of thIS , which the Petition di scloses is naturally backed up by 1 wi ll ex plain them in a few wo rds: My principles ar e, that the meanness an d servility which pointed the satire of the a st rai ght li ne is the sh ort est distance bet ween two points; Lettre. The circumstances that gave rise to it were these. that the who le is greater than its part; that two quantities, The death of M. Clavier, Co urier's father -in-law, in 1817, each of which is equal to a third, are equal to each oth er. caused a va cancy in the ranks of the Academy. Couri er I ho ld also that two and two make fo ur ; but I am not certain offered hi mself as a candidate for the vacant chair, an d of it.. ..Fo r my po litical principles, that is a creed whose obtained, as he thought, fa vo urable repli es from all the ar ti cles ar e liable to much controversy . . . 1 can only tell yo u members whom he can vassed. There were in all three in one word wh at is my one distinguishing featur e, which vacancies, and amongst the candidates he was the on ly on e separat es me from all parties, and makes me an ex ceptional who had any pr et ention to classical an d antiquarian know­ character in the age in which we live; it is that I have no ledg e, the special province of th e Ac ademy. Ot her Greek wi sh to be king, and that I carefully avoid everything that sc ho lars Coray, Haase, Thurot had been once rejected, an d mi ght lead to that result." declined to offer them selves ag ain, so that he thought he It is interest ing to compar e the france of 1819 wi th the had som e fair chance of success. But when the Q.ay of Fr ance of the pr esent day. Substitute Bourbonist for Bona­ election came, not a si ngle vote was gi ven in hi s favo ur. parti st, and the picture which th e Petition presents to us may Thr ee persons were elected who se chief recommendation perhaps be par alleled , but with the Academies it is different. seem s to have been that of court infl uence. At the last election to the Academi e FranCfaise, a compara­ Courier has been strongly condemned fo r this letter : I ti vely young author, M .Pr cvo st Paradol, was elected over the think unfai rly so . Th e letter was not written till so metime head s of several veter an s in literature, chiefly because he after th e election; it ean scarcely ther efore be lo oked upon had drawn upon hi m the animadversion s of government as a as a mere ebullition of per sonal spite an d wo unded vani ty. po werful writer in the interest s of the oppo sition. Per so nal it is, and in all hi s writings Courier is not wi th held The Academy letter was publi sh ed in 1819, and during by any pr udish feeling from saying what he thinks of hi mself that year and 1820, we ha ve a seri es of letters to the Censeur or of other peo ple: but apar n t fro m that, it is a st rO llO'o nervo us ew spaper. The burd en of them all is th e same-the protest again st th e ser vi li ty which at two successi ve electiolls abuses of po wer, the meann esses of com'tiers, th e value of had passed over Greek scholar s of note, and had chosen co urt freedo m of discussion, and fr eedom of the pr ess. "Pr ivat e favo urites to be the com panion s or successors of a Vi scon ti ent erprise and no go vernm en t help or interfer en ce" is their and a Millin . The chart er f the Aca m . . ? ?em y had purpo sely otto. "Gollvern emen t" is wi th Courier " synonyme d'em­ attached no stIpend to It s chmr s, to prO VId e ag ain st any such pech em ent. " Onc e let government have a finger in the pi e, nepotism or court patronag e.- But now on th e confession of and you have a crowd of " aspi rants," eac h wi shing to secur e newspaper wh ose hostile rema the rks called fo rth Courier's ? il�1 self a plac e; red -tape-i sm wi ll blight every�hing. Thu� reply , "something els e besides Greek is required fo r ad mi s­ �t IS that he argues in th e second letter ag alLl st a plan fo r sion into this illustrious bo dy. It has just recei ved into its lln provinO' aO'r icult ur e by go vernment direction an d pa t ron ­ ranks th e Viscount Prevost d'Irai, gentlem an of the bed- Fo tl is reason he will later still oppo se the purchase age. � � of the est ate of Chambord for th e Duke of Bordeaux. "D peur, disent les memoil'es du .. e temps, que les eourtisans Letter V. is an amusing comment upon a letter fro�1 a n' voulussent leurs valets." mettl'e proclll'enr elu roi to a command an t of gendarmes. y .lIIomteur 74 Paul Louis Courier. Paul Louis Colt?·i(w. 7;) , le commandant, veuillez faire arreter et conduire en prison u an t de soi, te dan te en bas! M. Decazes, n cho�e pe s � � . q;lelque tel, de te l endl'Oit. Of course, he says , we kn ow th ese pro­ roit et sOlgneux qu on le suppose de tl l'e r S Ol tou t, ad a cu reurs are honest gentlemen who would not throw me n saurait-il si bien faire qu'il ne lu i en ech appe entre les doigts into prison without good re ason, bu t at the same time th ey qu elque peu, qui, par son seul poids, nous re vien dr ait natu­ are not sain ts, they may be offended. An d th en on e word re !le me nt si nous etions au dessous? Te lle chose jamais with a flou ritih an d the gen darmes are there, an d on ce in 11' arrive, jamais n' est arrivee. Tout s' ec oule, s' en va prison, you may dr eam at yOUl' ease of the libert y of the oujou rs de nous lui: don c il y a une pente ; don c nous t a subje ct. So it is just as well to re spect the king's �e rvan ts . sommes en haut, M. Decazes en bas , consequence bien claire, In letter VI. he re plies to th ose whose historical an d et la cour est un trou , non un somm et , comme il parait aux an ti quarian tas tes were shocked by th e wholesale dis me mbe r­ ye ux du stupide vulgaire." ment of old feu dal estates, parcelled ou t in small patches Le tters X. an d XI. are on the subje ct of the freedom of amongst the rustic population. The advan tag es of th e small th e press. Th e progress of man kin d, fr om the firs t utterances proprie tor system are thus fairl y stated. "Every proprietaire of speech to the in vention of pr in ting is very humorous ly is interested in the mainten ance of pe ace, ju �tice, an d orde r, tr ac ed. The re was a time, when man, free from all the vices unless he hold office or hope to hold it. So to make a landed of the ag e in which we live, cou ld not speak, but onl y gave proprietor of one who be fore was but a hireling withou t utterance to cries, murmurs, growls, accor din g to his humour. robbing an y one else, to give the land to the labourer, is the There was pleasure in governing then. No pamph le ts, no greatest good th at can be don e in France now that th ere ar e newspape rs, no petitions for the ch ar ter, no complain ts abou t no lon ger an y serfs to emancipate. And what are th ese old taxes ! Happ y ag e, th at passed aw ay too soon ! For before long memories that are lost, th ese memor ies of feu dal cas tles an d philosophers, raised up by Satan to over throw such a goodly Gothic cloisters? me mories of debauchery, tre ason, murder, or der of things, by certain movements of tongue an d lips lu xury, ignorance, h�lp oc ri s y. The ston es of a cOIJvent are pr oduced articulate sounds, an d pr on ounced distin ct syllables. surel y not profan ed but rather purified when t.hey serve for Why were not these exce sses of a spir it of an archy at once the walls of a peas an t's cottage, the home of pie ty an d su ppressed? Why did not th ey put in to solitary confinement ch astity, where labour, an d therefore praye r, never ceases. the man who first ventured on ba. be, bi, bo, bu? Then the Qui labOl' at , orat ...Thes e peopl e do not see that there can be worl d would have been save d an d all might ye t have gone no renewal without decay an d destruction . esprz"t de la w ell.. .But then some Ph eniciall , a low fellow I am sure, L' revoluti?1Z, they cry, est eminemr'l;ent dest?"t,:cte�r. Le jou r de without title or birth, taught men to fix in permanent cha­ . , . la creatIOn quel urUlt n eussen t-lls pas falt! lIs eussen t cne: rac ters this fle eting voi ce-an d, note, the first written words Mon Dieu, conservon8 le chaos. were liberty, law, right, Justice, equity. It was at once Letter VII. is on the same su bjec t. A number of the seen that this ingenious art natural ly tended to pare down Censeur had been badly prin ted, an d gives Courier a han dle pensions an d official salarie s .. . Bu t it was worse still when for an amusing discussion whether a sen ten ce th at stan ds the man of Mayen ce in his t.u rn took it into his head to l. e CTO.t .e thus: p.p. is to be re ad le peu1.Jte croit et prie .t P , pr es s between tw o boar ds the sheet that an other had or le peuple cru'it paye. made of rags re duced to a pulp: so clever are th e powers IX. d Letter goes bac k to the impurities of a Court atmos ­ of darkness in tu rning everything to ac coun t for the destruc­ phere. "Vous vous fachez contre M. Decazes, et je crois �ion of souls. . . . In fernal in dustry, an d passion for work­ 11 .••• que vous avez tort. nous meprise , dites-vous . " Such is In g instead of keeping Sain ts ' days an d doing pen an ce the text. But, ar�ues C�urier , M. Decazes does not despise There is only on e way in which government can be carrie d on , us, cou hl not desplse us, If he kn ew us. He on ly ju dges of especi ally now th at an other emissary of hell has put forw ard' gen 20 the people erall y b� th os e whom he sees, the people ab ou t t hat other invention of distl'ibu ting every morning to 01' Them 30,000 court. he despIses, an d reasonably-for he sees their subscribe rs a sheet where they may re au all th at the true ch aracter in all its me ann ess. Bu t ou r le ve l is far above '�'or ld is thin king an d saying. If this ab use were to con ­ ti theirs , for note you, all OUl" money goes to them an d never a nu e, what could th e court unde rtake th at would not be ex­ .•, a farth ing comes back to us J e vou a le de mande, notre ar gen t, mined, crit icised, and set down at its jus t value beforehand? 76 Paul Louis Courier. .paul Lottis Courier. 77 In l� the Simple Discou1's de Paul-Loui appea ed s O nths' imprisonment and 200 francs fine, as having 1821 mo . Co i in r ce l ' ur er's greatest philippic against court te feren . U btW e n gui ty of an outrage to pu blIC moral' Ity, an accusatIOn the birth of the duke ofBorc1eaux,posthumous son of the d surd on the face of it. Probably, as he himself hints in of Beni, in September, 1820, the minister for the in a �ore places than one, his real offence was his declared proposed that the estate of Chambord should be bought n:.eference for the Orleans family. He had hinted at this in subscription of the different communes and settled upon scours, contrasting t�e e Di by. ducation that th� duc de young pri nce. The purchase was effected in March, 1821 nleBor deaux was lIkely to recelve at Chambord, wlth that In Simple Discou1's c ll the Paul Louis oppose!'; the purchase. IV the duc ue Chartres was receiving at o ege in the hich , It is not, he says, for the prince's good, nor yet for ours. society of the elite of the youth of Fra nce. What a prince wants from his subjects is their affection, Before he surrendered himself prisone r, Courie r drew up t t i if cO l· r no he r g ts But the fact is, the U tie s who propose a report of the trial, to which he appended a reply of his . the measure, are not disinterested in the matter: one hopes to the charges brought a gainst him. In this tract, th e to be governor of the castle; another, concierge, and so on, ownProce s de Paul Louis, he holds up the advocate general all of them well lod ged, well paid. Besides, what will the Maitre Jean de Brae to ridicule, for his bad style and for prince learnat Chambord ? The lessons which the memories poverty of his speech; and then gives M. Berville s the ' .of the place suggest are far other than we should wish defence, a plai n sensible speech, in which each of the for a French princ e. Here Louis, the pattern-king, lived passages incrimin�ted is discusse.d and sUPl?orted by quo­ with la femme Montespan, with la fille la Valliere, with tations from w1'1ters of the tune to whICh they refer, all the wives and daughters that it was his good pleasure to Massillon, Mezeray, Montesquieu, and Bass ompierre . Then take from their husbands and their parents. That was the follows his own re ply. It is chiefly directed to the time of good manners, and religion; and he communicated charge of outraging public morality. "As for the ex­ every day-by this door his mistress entered in the evening, pressions to which exception is taken, it is an old topic i . h s confessor in the morning. This is the sto{y which of discussion in the schools, whether men can sm by Chambord will tell to the young prince. For us again words, when there is nothing bad in the sense of their nothin g could be worse than to have the court thus in our remarks, as for instance, when in condemning certain vices neighbourhood. For do you know what a court is? I know they call them by their prope r names. We rus tics hold with nothing of the present court, but I have read the different the Stoics, who were always practical me n. We look at memoirs of that of Louis XIV., and truly a court may be deeds as the main thing, and take but little notice of wor�s. a respectable, but it is a very stran . l n a ge place Then follow It is the ge ne ral meaning, and not the a g:uage .of (1Is­ some not very creditable anecdotes of the court of His conrse which comes home to us. Others thmk dIfferently. on the most Christian Majesty, and remarks way in whic h In their view morality is all in words. So you may play e e i . v ryth ng at court is obtained by female influence 'Sachez George Dandin in your theatres, or any other play, the l France . qu'i n' y a pas en une seule famille noble, mais whole action of which turns upon adultery, but prOVIded �he je dis noble de race et d' antique origine, qui ne doive word be not mentioned they will see no reason for findlng . la fortune aux femmes; vous m' entendez Les femmes ont fault, no offence against public morality But if I, a simple fait les grandes n . maiso s . ce n' est pas, comme vons croyez rustic, happen to be there. I b lush to see represented, aye ;l de lems hien, en cousant les chem ses epoux ni en allaitant and admired in public, such disgusting debauchery and. enfants . comme il n' leurs ..... Bref est, ne fut, ni ne sera corruption. I express my dissatisfaction .and I am the nmais, pour nous autres vilains, qu' offe ! j un moyen de fortune nder gainst good morals . . In desc1'1bm g the corrup­ c' est le travail; pour la noblesse non plus il n' en tions of thea court, I only use.. the.. language of those who et . c' r stit o y � ha qu' un, c' est . .. .. est la p o uti n, puisqu'11 faut , ve memoirs of the time. Could guess 01' foresee . ,. left I mes alms,. l' Iappe er par son nom that sketches, which coming from a Madame de Sevigne, can e ily be an ua e a It as conceived that l g g like this would Mademoiselle de Montpensier, are exquisite and divin�, was made not be passed unnoticed. It the su ject of a would, when repeated by me , make men shudder; that thelr b criminal charge against Courier. He was condemned to very words quoted in my writings would be so many own , , Paul Louis Co urilJr. Paul Louis Co urier. 79 78 attacks upon pu blic decency ? What must d ays. The pe ople of Veretz who kept up a friendly inter- in Pa ris their u �h theil neighbou rs by means of these a J?eople think when they are to ld th at here C rs e wi ' fest l standard of morality is cons idered "imprope r" ? But no. �therings were interested in a re tu rn to the ol d order of gentlemen, th is is not all; if everything in th is pamphlet. and as a member of their commune Courier writes rh ings, which is prosecuted in the name of decency and pu bl ic th is pe tition. Th e ke y. note of the whole is struck in the morals, were only in th is key, no notice would have be en first pa ae : "Nous, les neveus de ces Guillots et de ces taken of it, pu bl ic mora lity would not have been offended. Perrette�, quittant les fa�ons de nos pe re s, nons dansons au Turn ove r the leaf-read, Un pr nce,- the re you have it­ son dLl violon, comm e la cour de Lou is le Grand. Quand je i un Jeune prince, au college ...... That is the real fron t of dis comm e, je m' entends ; nous ne dansons pas gravement, ni my offending. Jl e menons, avec nos femmes, nos maitresses et nos bc1 ta rds. During his imprisonment he completed a corrected edition C' est la la premiere remarque ; l' autre, la ,·o ic i. Les gen­ of his translation of Lo ngus, an d gave some final to uches to darmes se sont multipli es en France, bien plus encore que his letter to M. Renouard, which was to fo rm a pre fa ce to it. les violons. qu oiq ue moins necessaires po ur la clanse. N ous He received constan t visits from his friends, and in pa rticular noUS en pa sserions aux fetes du village, et a dire vrai ce from Beran ge r, whose praise he seems to have set great n'est pas nous qu i les deman dons : mais le go uvernement est store on. He writes to his wife , "Tout le monde est po ur partout anjOUI'd 'hui, et cette ubiqui te s' etend jusqu' nos it. moi; je peux dire qu e je suis bien avec le pu blic. L'homme danses, ou il ne se fa it pas un pas dont le prefet ne veuille qui fa it de jolies chansons disait l'autre jour ' A la place etre in form e, pou r en re ndre compte au ministre ." de M. Courie r, je ne donnerais pas ees deux mois de He go es on to speak of th e character of these fe te s and espe­ prison pou r cent mille francs.' '' It was not long be fo re cial ly of the great annual ga thering, which was not devoted the "write r of pre tty songs " was also an inmate of Sainte solely to pleasure, but in pa rt also to bu siness. "No disorder Pelagie. accompanies it, quarrels are unkno wn. Fo r their quietness our The day be fo re his imprisonment expi re d, Courier was gatherings are the admira tion of all who see them. Indeed again brough t to trial fo r a second pa mphlet which he had the people are to o in dustrious to th in k of mischief, and if it published, Petition pour les Vi llageois qu'on empBclte de be true that idleness is the mother of all vice, we ought to be danser. He escaped th is time with a reprimand. This exempt from vices-busy as we are fo r six days in the week Petition attac ks the re gime of the Restoration on a fresh with out any break, and for a good pa rt of the se venth. This side. The re turn of Bou the . �·bons brought back not only is what some people blame us for, and they are right. Far the old noblesse of the enllgratIOn , bu t also the clel'goy, whose be tter would it be. if we followed the example of our prope rty had be en confiscated by the fa mous civil constitu­ neighbou rs , the Swiss, and gave up th e day to practising our tion of 1790. During the Empire the libe rties of the drill, an d to th in king of fore ig n po wers, wh o think of us Ga llica? Church had be e�l maintained, and these clergy every day of the week. For it is not enough to till the on theIr return brought WIth them the same sort of vi ews ground, and look we ll after our crops ; we ought also to of clerical pusition which distinguished . the �nglish clergy of assure ourselves th e gathering of them ...... Ou r devotees the RestoratIOn. The re tu rn of the Jesuits to o, laid th e woul d ta ke another view of the case. They would have fou ndation of the state of thin gs which the author of Le us do nothing on this day but pray, and re ad our breviary. Maudit has so forc ibly depicted. Th e same principle the But there is the tax-gatherer at the door-we must work res tra int of all freedom, guided bo th court and cleray i� the and pa y for those who don't work. An d what with children, provinces, and this principle showed itself in both ca�e� under and old pe ople, beggars and monks, lackeys and courtiers, the shape of petty pe rse�ution and annoyances. Azai and the splendour of the throne, and the Holy Alliance, we have Veretz are two villages close to each . other in the valley of mouths enough to feed." the Cher. The cure of Azal was a young man fresh from Then fo llows a ve ry graphic contrast between the present the seminary of Tours. In the abundance of his zeal, he state of these villagers, and the scenes which the en d of the h.ad in duced the prefect of the department to prohibit dancing last century had witnessed. At the ris k of accumulating too and games on the vil lage green on all Sundays and Saints' many quotations I will give a translation of it. It is a valu- Paul Lout's Co u1'ier. 81 80 Paul Lou£s Co urier. able independent testimony to facts of which Arthur Y . is utably better taste, adorned with. more grace, and P omingly '.' danci[!O' o better, speakmg the same lan- and others have borne witness. We are apt to think 1I1dor e b ec . . the p1 b 11 with a VOIce so prettlly, so sof t I y artlcu1 ated , t11 at good done by the Revolution was swept away by guacye, t . o I would be satIsfied WIt' h' It, lancy. e wouId see returnof the Bourbons, or to look upon it as a rising even e 1 1: H oppression which was e �etire in the evening, not to dens, but to houses of confined to the capital and the th �n lwn neatly built and furnished. If he looked for the towns. Any evidence of the improved condition of :lr th tilat he has described, he would not find them any- people generally after its close is valuable as corre an Illl a°l s -and, doubt not, would b ess t h e cause 0 f so h appy this idea. were I . I h It mlg'h t b"e. "The English," he says, "when they see our fetes a change, whatever .. , show the same surprise, and make the same remarks (on th He next contrasts with the zeal of the sennnanst of AzaI, order which prevails) : but there are some amongst them, J sobel ' but hearty sympathies of the aged cure of Veretz- t le " . whose astonishment w 10 1:nr from blaming• amusements• , whlch h aye noth" mg In is greater than that of others. These are I • the more elderly them which1(. is not perfectly harmless t lll 1{s hIe on Y d �s. among them, who, having visited France act in witnessinO'them , and glVmg� ? to t h em b y � in past years, have some recollection of what old Touraine a od lIS was like, and of the character of the people under the p J'��ence and the respectwhich all feel for him, a fresh degree f bons seigneurs.' I can remember what it was. In o f propriety and decorum." "And what," he goes on to youth, before that great my say, "is the consequence of these changes? Formerly the era, when, a volunteer in the armies en of the revolution, I left a spot so dear to young people used to meet on . t h'e VI U age gre : h. ones t saw the peasants my chilclhood, I attachments were formed, courtshIps fol1owed an d mar"llages. starved and in rags, holding out their hands ? for alms at our doors, and all along the roads, at the entrances And all this in the sight of the whole vIllage, . the best to towns, convents, chateaux, where the sight of them (for guarantee for decency and morality . . Now clan?estlllemeet­ they could not help seeing them) was the plague of those ings and their usual consequences WIll take the11'� Iace� .. . .• very persons, who are now so indignant and so distressed S�ch conduct on the part of the clergy, moreover, .IS sUlcldal. at the general prosperity. Mendicancy, I know, is coming Care for religion and religious duties is not �he VIrtue of �he to life again, and, if what we are told is true, it is likely to age, and men will never be brought back to It by means like make wonderful progress, but it will not for a long time these." . reach this degree of misery. Any account I might give of Such is the pamphlet which procured C·oune1' a . tnaI an.d it would seem feeble to those who saw it as I did; to others a reprimand. From this time he no longer publIshed Ius it would seem a mere fancy sketch : but listen to a witness, works openly. In 182 2, he was can�idate for the represen­ whose words cannot be questioned-it is La Bruyere. tation of the department of I��re e� LOIre, �ut was defeated by ff f You may see,' he says, 'certain wild-looking animals, the Marquis d' Effiatthe mmlstenal candIdate. In the same male and female, scattered over the country, dark, livid, un­ year appeared the first of his B�pons�� �UX. Lettres Anonymes clothed, burnt by the sun, tied to the soil, which adTessees Paul Louis Co zener. I hIS IS a letter on the they grope subj et and dig at with dogged persistence. They have a kind of ect of freedom of speech and writing, of no very remark- articulate voice, and when they stand on their feet, they able merit. . show you the a The second letter, which appeared in 1823, IS aver face of man-in fact they are men. They str '! retire at night to dens where they live on black bread iking protest against the celibacy of the cl�rgy and aUrI­ and cula confession, apropos of some s andals whICh had la ely water and roots.' a r . � � " These are his ownwords and he is speaking of those risen. It contains a very graphIC pIcture of the temp,' atlOns were better off, who of a young priest, obliged constantly to see a?d receIve the of those who had bread and work; they were co . . . then the minority. nfession of a young gU'1 WIth whom he IS III love.. I "If La Bruyere could return now, and be should like to quote it, but 1 have already been too prodIgal present at one o e of our gatherings, he would see there not only human faces f xtracts but faces of women and mai ens more beautiful and cer At the �nd of this year he was again in the hands of � tainly polic thenot more modest than those of hIS much-vaunted court, dressed in e. The note il1 his works, which states the fact, does G VOL V. 82 Paul Louis Co urier. Paul Lout's Court'er. 83 assi gn an reason. of hi,s app�ared in, that year y Two works sassin was some me mber of hi s own household. Suspicion the L£vret de Paul Louis Pzece Dtplomattque. and the ed upon on e Frem on t, his game-keeper, who was accord­ former fi� which he called his "Wasps," is a se rie s of , aly brought before the Assizes at Tours, but acquitted. notes n passing events, pOl ular interes , which ' � all in th e ? � ve years afterwards fre sh evidence was found, which in­ valuable historically, bu t do not adm t of analysI s. lk � It criminate d him and two brothers (Duboi s) , who had be en with a proclamation to the soldiers In the arm whl. h w y � 'n Courier's employ. One of them was dead- the other was going to th e support of the house of Bourbon In SpaIn, with th e murder, Fremon t having be en once ac­ , ha raed minding th em that they were about to re -establIsh the � could not be again put on his trial, and tu rne d , qui tted ,'egime in th at country , and th at for thcn,t the "!nczen evidence, but hi s deposi tion s were not admitted in , king's me ant black bread apd coups de baton. Ihe Pzece .lJ�'Uw'rn�!­ full, and Dubois was acquitted. The jury were equally tique is an expose of the mockeries of the so-called divided. ti onal government in France, under th e form of a letter Personally, Courier se ems to have been a ma n of keen Lou is XVIII. to Fe rc1inand VII. My last extract shall sympathies, i p tient o oppressi on of every kind, fe rless � � � . . � taken from it: I must keep the French : in his denuncIatIOn of It, but at the same tIme dlstmctly " J e ne puis approu ve r de m�me votre re pugnance a man of the pen, not a man of action. I cannot conceive ce genre de gou vel'llement quO on a nom�e re pr� se ntatlf, of him as the leader of a pa rty; or as himself calTying any qu e j'appelle, moi, n§creatif, n'y ayant ne n que Je sache of th ose measures of reform whose necessity he saw. He mon de si divertissant pou r un roi, san s parler de I' u had neither the tact, nor the wide grasp of intellect which non petite que nous en re vient. J' aime I' absolu; mai s are necessary for such a work . He was far too independent •• • . pou r le produit, ceci vaut mi eux. Je n'en fais nul to work in harness, whethe r as leader or su bordinate. In comparaison, et le prefere de be aucou p. Le rep v,

• Armand Carrel, anno 1829. GUL U BULBUL, OR, THE NIGHTINGALE .AND THE ROSE.

From the Persian of Hussein Va'yz Kashifi.

Ho W. TAYLOR. Bulbul ki bagul dar nigarad mast ri tae ikhtiyarash az dast &havad, Sar sh shavad.

WHERE murmuring Rukna rolls his silvery stream Beneath the azure of a cloudless sky ; Where gilded spire� that in the sunlight gleam

'Midst tow'ring palm trees charm the lingering eye ; Where every zephyr on its balmy wings To blushing roses wafts the bulbul's sigh ;

Where nature's choir in notes harmonious sings, Making sweet music to the rustling grove ; And not a sight and not a sound but brings

Its meecl of beauty, melody and love ; There bloomed a garden such as they behold Who dwell by Silsabil's. blest streams above.

Not lovelier lram, which, as bards have told, In fa r Arabia's scorching desert lies, Where false Sheddad's 'Imarets glare with gold,

Though mystery shrouds them now from mortal eyes, Save when upon some lone lost wanderer's sight, Its diamond turrets like a day-dream rise.

Here in a corner, shrinking from the light, A rose bud blossomed, whose enchanting hue Rivalled the cheeks of her whose beauty bright. ------.,. Name of a fountain in Paradise. 86 or, the Nightingale and the Rose, tl7 Gul t1 Bulbul ,. , "Am I left to mourn and die alone ? O'er earth's great conqueror such enchaptment threw.­ " Dost thouthus then fancy that my notes will ring Ea h morn, when issuing from his Ocean bed, � " Here in this prison with a sweeter tone Bright Phrebus beaming burst upon the view ;

" Than midst the branches where sit and sing ? And o'er the awakening world his radiance shed, " Or is there nothing that can healI the smart The garden's guardian left his humble room, " Of thy great loss, but my poor breast to wring, And paced the parterres by the path that led

To tllat calm nook which saw the floweret bloom ; " From all love, thus dooll1ing me to part ? I As some fo nd lover to an arbor creeps, " If one rose ruined costs so dear to me, What shalt thou suffer for a broken heart ?" Where lulled to rest by eve's encircling gloom, "

The plaintive prisoner by this piteous plea, The �aid l e loves in guileless beauty sleeps, � So moved his captor, that the self-same hour And lIngerIng looks till at his soft sighs' sound He loosed his fetters, and dismissed him free Her startled eye from out its curtain peeps ;

To flutter fe arless 'midst each favorite flower. So gazed the gardener as the days wore round, Then sung the Bulbul from the tangled wood, And watched the bud its opening charms disclose, " The great archangel on the ' night of power'· And breathed the perfume it diffused around.

" Revealed that ' good must he repaid with good,'t But lo ! one luckless morn, beside the rose A " So fo r thy kindness will I make return : m�urnful nigl�tingale with grief o'erpressed, " Beneath the tree whereon at first I stood In wIstful warbhngs wailed his wearying woes,

And " There lies a treasure in a hidden urn." sought in song to soothe his saddened breast' The gardener digging found the precious prize, A�d in the wantonness of wild despair, And thus responded, "I would gladly learn Still plucked the leaflets from their fragrant nest,

" How thou divinedst what thus buried lies, Till all the tree was desolate and bare ' "Yet dust spread lightly o'er a clumsy snare The rose was ruined, but the thorn re ained :n " Should be sufficient to deceive thine eyes." Stern sentry still though no fa ir charge was there.

To whom the Bulbul, "thou should'st be aware With bitter sighs the g�rdener complained, , "That when from heaven the high decrees descend, And cursed the culpl'lt In his maddeninO' ra"'e " 0 '0 ' " Tis vain to struggle, man his fa te must bear, H'IS passIOn s steed no gentle patience reined, shapes all things to sotne useful end." " For God A�d nought but vengeance could his wrath assuage : HAJJI. WIth treacherous traps the hapless bird he lured • AJ;ld kept him captive in a cruel cage,

Mocking the pangs his prisoner endured. * Lailatal cadr, vide or- m , lnna enzalnahu ji lailati C f C. XCVIlI. To whom the nightingale thus made his moan ! 'lead?'. " Oh wherefore pow within these bars immured " Verily we revealed the in the night of power." Cor-fm t Hal jaza-ulihsani illa 'lihsan ? % Nuri Jehdn (Light of the world) the same with Moorc's Nil'}' allall. She wa the wif X, � e of Jehdngir (world-conqueror) who raIsed the splend](:l maqsoleum to her memory, called the Tliji Ka hall at Ag'l'a, Robe1·t B1·owning. 89 llisite songs, before they could answer the questions that eX�rally arise from them. Was the brother really slain ? D'd the hero ever win his Maud 1 How came the Russian aI r to expel his madness 1 Is he restored to sanity at all 1 � ch are only a few of the doubts that spring up to mar our fe asure; and hence it is, no doubt, that. this poem �as met with ;0 much less popularity than most of Its c�mpamons. � ow ROBERT BROWNING. it must be acknowledged that Mr. Brownmg �as sometll��s ( Co ntinued fr om into this fault. I can thoroughly ent y. 28. ) fallen �r mto th� SPU?t of Coleridge's confession: "I am exceedmgly cau�lOus m criticisino- Shakspere ; for where I once saw blemishes, a A T the close of my previous paper I pointed out two ripened °j udgment and increased experience have shown three facts which might induce us to modify consi me only beauties," but it seems to me at present that the opinion commonly held about the obscurity of Mr. . Mr. Browning has more than o�ce glVen �s a problem to Browning's writings, and expressed my opinion that this solve for which he has not furmshed sufficient data. My would be usually found to vanish after careful and sympath space will not permi� me to quote �ny exam�les at length, study. Yet even his most devoted admirers cannot but ad and it would be mamfestly unfall, , ' to msert m�tllated extracts, that he sometimes taxes their power of intuition a little too but would refer as illustrations of my meamng to "Porphy­ severely, and makes them long that he had been somewhat ria'sI Lover," "In a Gondola," and (must add that ex­ more profuse in the assistance that he gi ves to tbeir thought­ I 1) ful attempts to reach his meaning. This is q uisitely pathetic lyric." T�e � orst of It."'" Others there especially the case were that I had placed m tIlls hst, but a more careful study in some of his dramatic lyrics. Indeed this style of poetry, has made me remove them from it; and I dare not say that which he has made so pre-eminently his own, though it even these few will be left there long ; but I think that if possesses a power peculiar to itself, is above- all others liable there wer a Browning Club, these would form its Matter­ to the danger of becoming obscure. It depends for its e comprehension horns and Aiguilles Vertes. It is a far easier, as well as more on the reader's acquaintance with a certain grateful task, to point out many in whi�h a perfect �astery series of events, which have excited in the hero the passion, over this difficult style of poetry IS. displayed, as m the intended to be expressed in the lyric ; and the story of these is " Laboratory, " "the Confessional," "a Light Woman," told by means of hints and allusions let drop in the body of "Before and After," or " C oun t G'Ismon d". the poem. Now even where these are supplied in abundance, I have not said anything as yet of t�e sty le and dIC. tlOn . of it needs no little care and attention to gather them up and Mr. ':B This is thoroughly hiS own, terse, vigorous. group them together so as to present a vivid picture to the rowning. mind's eye. Bllt the poet himself, baving and direct and abounding in fresh hearty Saxon phrases. already conceived It is like that of Mr. Carlyle in this, that it ne�ds some the subject of his lyric in a certain position, and having familiarity with it to make it liked at all, an� very lIttle n?ore distinctly in his own imagination the train of events which to rs no slIght brought him into it, is too apt to refuse his reader render it thoroughly enjoyabl,e. Indeed It bea, the material resemblance to what we may fancy Mr. Ca�'lyle s would be, necessary before he can go through the same mental process, if he were to be induced to sino- his thought lI1stead of speak­ and the inevitable conseq uence is some confusion and obscu­ ing . humour flashing abou at rity. Take as an example the collection of dramatic it There is the same grim � which the Laureate published under lyrics, intervals over the surface of thoughts of deep and ternble the title of 1IlJa ucl. I earnestness: the same love for the quaint and the un con- have no doubt whatever but that Mr. Tennyson could o-ive a very satisfactory history of the "fair and stately" oiled heroine, " that and curled Assyrian bull" her brother, and the • There are some good remarks on this subject in a p �per morbid young entitled extremely gentleman in love with her. Ye in the Satul'day Review for Aug. 6th, 1864, most readers would have to give much careful study to thoset "publ Hoishe ! ford a Scholiast !" Brownt'11g. 90 Robert Browning.. Ro"bert 91

* * * * * * ventional the one case in contorted , finuinO'tl vent in • th a har Be a god and hold me W ? , "aiO'manit " her 10 m � manisms y compounds, in the ot ! l1 th me aI m. and Be a man and fold me and rh mes th surel never i to the heart of WIt I ought, y y entered n me, only tench, Love ! as �t : Teach . oug ht ' before The i geni o us g otesq e e s of udibJ �s " " Love,-tl mk thy th . n l ll n s "I-I ' , will speak thy speech, � . more outdone 10 so not to-mght Juan," and C'Ingolusby," is than 1That shall be to-morrow, t fo Mr. Browning's writings : take fo r instance h� must bury sorrow out of sight. ! "The Flight of t e Duchess," a poem whIch del' I little weep, Love,-fo olish me from h Must a , " by thee . at times into tenderest pathos :- And so fall asleep, Love, loved "Had Jacynth only been by me to clap pen " by the ch ng of metre in 'n note the effect produced a e To paper and put you down every syllable Or agal �, ' and "fA ter " ..- With those clever clerldy fingers, " Before All that I have forgotten, as well as what linger 11ave g ne too far. s fight it out, friend ! things " Let them � . In this old brain of mine that's but ill able ! leave th m as t e re God must judge the couple � )t . . To give you even tllis poor version at thiS last of a , nce more-Will the wronger, ? Of the speech I spoil, as it were, with stammering wrong " rising his fall - oDare t0 say, " I did ' in More fault of those who had the hammering to th 'etr 1 ces pa ' et go, then ! both the fighters ; No ! l ". Of prosody into me and syntax, - you back as many paces While eount three, step And did it, not with hob-nails but tin tacks ! 1 face, and at first But to return from this excursion ;"- " Take the cloak from his do its worst. i Let the corpse Or the comparison ( n the same poem) of friendship with of a How he lies in his rights man ! old wine :- can ; Death has done all death life he leads, " Each supples a dry brain, fills you its ins-and-outs, And, absorbed in the new Gives your life's hour-glass a shake when the thin sand doubts He recks not, he heeds both stn'k e Whether to run on or stop short, and guarantees Nor his wrong nor my vengeance- Age is not all made of stark sloth and arrant ease." On his senses alike, in the solemn and st range Or where he speaks of the scholar- And are lost Surprise of the change. erase "who emends the Iketides Ha, what avails d ath to � ? While we lounge on at our indebted ease." His offence, my disgrace were boys as of old We must notice however that lines like these lose much I woulLl we field by the fold : of their grotesque effect when in the midst of hundreds of In the His outrag;, God's patience, man's scorn others more or less similar, all inspired by the same rude Were so eas ly borne. vigour, and rushing alo g pregnant with meaning and instinct i s place : n I stand here now, he lies in hi with life. Nor are lines of this kind to be fo und in all his Cover the face." poems. A most accomplished musician himself, possessing . ed lively rhythm will be h1s �ow over spirit a rare acquaintance with the works of the earlier masters, Specimens of . t Ghent to g " "The Ride from Mr. Bro i g has given us some lyrics of exquisite polish in the "Cavah r o wn n found � E of Hamelin," which I over of t e " o Piper and rhythm, that one reads and over again in pure Aix," and parts p d blank verse but ust fo rbear. In delight at the flowing melody and p erfe ct adap a on of the would gladly quote, ; t ti � ly the tenderest sweetness verse. This is the measure of oma s Last Word" :- " b reath es on " A 'V n " Andrea del Sarto across passages ' Ol in oth er poems we come w h 1 e ever and aO'ainM - • " Let's contend no more, Love ; strive nor weep­ • moment d houg ht seems every where the rush of Impa lO e All be as before, Love,-only sleep ! � � f metre and sweep along a through e anIo}� s What so wild as words are ?-I and thou bout to burst l away by the fe ttet rs ; untl we0 are borne In debate as birds are-hawk on bough. untrammelled by its Robel't Brown.ing. 92 Jlobert Brownt'ng. 93 curren � t? where the channel broadens, and the stream measure of " My Last ous bate ; just as the mellifluou.s on agam calm and musical flow. Or sometimes we l'ci i s " concluces not a little to the clearness, wher�� th find somem lyric where l�he s . . . the poet D� the Wily Italian noble. A cntlc IS . imaaine to ourselves " Plays such fa ntastic tricks before high heaven e the poet has intended and nd t consider what it is that " As make the we p" _ � u � which he has set u ae of his execution by the standard critics e : too j d° fault himself. Of course he is at liberty also to find th� rhymes entangled in all kinds of subtle fashions and U fo r as being an unworthy one ; but the aim of the mmd of the reader so intent in tracing the iniricaci s of W t h his ideal � ; he has carried it out are two metre, and wondering how the poet is to get on at all riter and the manner in which . be criticized apart. It admits of a trIp and a stumble, that it has little time to spare fo r istinct things and should � this dramatic ex pressiven�ss of rhythm and sense. Such a poem s "Through the Metidjil," of u t, whether . � do b the English langua e; but one stanza (the first) Will probably be fo und sufficient :_ diction is suited to the gemus of & that Mr. Browmng has if this be conceded, no one can deny the use he makes of it. " As I ride, as I ride, shown remarkable ability in . brought against Wi�h a rull heart for my guide, There is only one more charge commonly . that of So lts tlde rocks my side, which it will be necessary fo r me to notice ; him This As ride, as I ride, y and fri volity in touching on serious subj ects. is I levi That, were double-eyed, : on his poem of 'e Christ­ based principally though not entirely He, inas whom I our tl'ibes confide, and at first sight mas Eve," certainly a most remarkable Is descried, ways untried quaintest and most startling production. It is written i!l the . As I ride, as I ride." extraordmary rollicking of measures, and abounds ID the most to scenes of sacred nd so on through four double and triple rhymes ; and allusions more stanzas precisely simllar. This ns :A seem to borde cl sely on t e profane. It op� IS undoubtedly marvellous legerdemain, but assuredly it is history that � ? � . . and whImSIcal deSCription of a PrImltlVe not poetry. But most of the fe w poems like this must with a grotesque lc :- do�btless be reg�rded as exercises only, whereby the poet Methodist conventic . tr�med hIS prentlCe hand to use his tools with facility and . skIll ; and If some of the chips " Ziol1 Chapel . and shavings fr om the work­ of 'Forty-nine, Meeting, shop have fo und their way to the public light of day, fo r On the Christmas-Eve . to their special clover, whICh they are little fitted, yet they may well be pardoned Which, calling its flock sheep over, wh n we ee the beau y of the perfect work Found all assembled and one : � � of art, fo r wh . ich mi e Whose lot, as the weather pleased, was n thelr prevIOus pr�ductlOn was needful. It is doubtless partly . I very soon had enough of it, owmg to p�ems like these, that the critics have fa llen fo ul of The hot smell, and the human noises, Mr. Bro �mng for want of music (a charge utterly groundless my neighbour's coat, the greasy cuffof it, as far as It the And concerns greater part of his writl·nrtl'rs) · poises, . b t't Were a pebble-stone t.hat a child's hand IS al·1 t y t Ile resuIf t 0 a t h eory almost entirely UI p new u )on Compared with the pig-of-lead-like pressure, whICh he �as proceeded, and which think dity, I may be fa · I Of the preaching-man's immense stupi d f nded ; It must at least be recognized t measure, � � . . by those who woul As he poured his doctrine fo rth, full cntlclse hIS works. have . . I already referl'ed to th e d ramatlC� To meet his audience's avidity ..... sty e 0 I f h·IS thoughts an d conceptions. Now riO'htl r Had but a single face of my neighbours wrongly, he appears to have extended this obj ctiv ne Appeared to suspect that the preacher's labours he form as well as to the matter of his : � � � which the world could be saved without, � verse. The rhY th Were help ID have borne quiet many cases has almost as much to do witll the revel atlOn. � 'Tis odds but I might . my spiritual dieint, o f t e h c h aracter to be depicted as the words he uses. A qualm or two at The mustered rough guttural abrupt style of the " Soliloquy . Or (who can tell ?) perchance even . in the S pams 1 : . I Somewhat to urge in bellalf of the sermon Cl 01S t er, "h. e I ps us to conceIve th e narrow bigoted monk fu ll of But the flock sat on, divinely flustered, 94 Robert Browning. Robert Browning. 95

Sniffing, methought, its dew of at things the most solemn with a smile that Hermon pOSI· tion to look With such content in every snuffle, s not from frivolity but from the very intensity of feeling. As the devil inside us loves to ruffle. com(t such appears to be the case with Mr. Browning. Is My oId fa t woman purred with pleasure, u, that inspired "The Heretic's evity merely, think yo And thumb round thumb went twirling fa ster, �I a-edy " and " Holy-Cross Day "; with its grotesque des- While l.a" she, to his periods keeping measure, �" tl·on of the Jews of Rome all. driven to hear the annual .....• cnp . Maternally devoured the pastor . non preached to them ; then' bItter sneers, an d stl' fle d 'Twas too provoking ! sel l . .. . endmg In then low muttenng 0 f aR bb'1 BEen zra ' s My gorge rose at the nonsense and stuff of it, sion o Death? Let us hear the words with which he him- So, saying, like Eve when she plucked the apple, PS a�1C1' f. . 'I wanted a taste and now elf0" llm shes '"'hnstmas E"ve ;- there's enough of s "(J flung out of the little chapel." it ' " If any blames me, Then Icomes a change. No more sportive satire, no Thinking that merely to touch in brevity proach to careless flippancy. For as he passed out into The topics I dwell on, were unlawful,- ail', he saw that the rain and wind had ceased, the black Or worse, that I trench, with undue levity, of On the bounds of the holy and the awful,- cloud was parted, and against the deep dark blue beyond I praise the heart and pity the head of him, shone out the argent arcs of a glorious lunar rainbow. Then And refer myself to Thee instead of him, there appears a Vision of the Ineffable; and strains of rapt Who head and heart alike discern est, devotion are poured forth from a heart swelling almost to Looking below light speech we utter bursting with a passionate longing for personal communion When the frothy spume and frequent sputter with the soul's depths boil " the Human Infinite. From the rest of the poem I dare Prove that in earnest! not quote; it must be read by a man alone in his most sacred Mr. BrowninO" s faith, like that of all the truest-hearted hours. But the question is pressed upon us, how we can men, is too dee and firmto be troubled by a pas�ing jest, endure to have the grotesque brought into such close contact depthsp of ocean are move from t eIr eternal with themes so exalted. Every one knows the fearful scene more than the � . � when Macbeth comes stillness by the faint breeze tha� plays on ?ts npP.lmg surface. forth from the chamber where he has There is only one more POInt on whICh I WIsh to sp�ak, left the murdered Duncan, his hands dyed with the blood be httle but that is one of the hiO'hestb importance. There• can that would doubt that Mr. Browning's permanent reputatIOn rests most " The mnltitudinous Seas incarnadine, securely on his dramas. Now of the functions of tragedy no Making the green one red." better definitionhas been given than that of Aristotle, "that � ot less familiar �s the scene �hat almost immediately follows its aim is to purify by means of pit:r an� terror." But its It, when the hornd news of hIs father's murder is brought SUccess in this depends, not on mUSICal hnes and terse and Malcolm surrounded by the other to sketched character nobles. But how is it that vigorous lanO'uaO'eI:> b' not even on clearly Shakspere has filled up the interval? With buffoonery as and strikinO''" scenes but on the one grand 1'd ea runmng' broad and coarse as any. to be found in his merriest comedies. through the whole, �nd the skill with which this is wO�'ke� An� the. rea�on fOI: thIS has been pointed out by Mr. De out. Hence I ought to show by exampl�s r. Browmng s Qumcy, In one of hISmost subtle and o of a plot, and hIS VIgorous� concep­ ffe . original papers.'" The P wer in the manaO'ement � ct of the tragedy IS dou?led, by the snatches of comedy tion of a drama �s a united whole. But I have already Intersper.sed. M 1:. Brow mng may be tres the kindness of our indulgent editors, shelter hlmse behmd well contented to passed so 10nO'l:> on �f the example of the prince of dramatists that I must content myself with a single instance, with which �nd the sanctlon of .one of the firstof critics. But again, it I shall conclude. I should have liked to have said more IS 0 ften true th "at a Jest r1atl lO 111S more of the on strange combination, the father of modern than the sombrest earnest. depths of truth Pal'acelsus, that Some men have a natural dis- chemistry, the boastful quack.. the �onoured professor at Basel, the drunken vagabond, dymg ID a hospItal; and to hav.e '* Co llected W0 1'ks, Vol. pp. 192-197. sket the five scenes presented to us; hIS XIV., ched however faintly 96 Robert Browning. Robe,.t B1·owning. 97 his brother" who is departing from his loved and adoring friends Festus and 'fI'CS m Mildl'ed sist�r, and Austin his I l�d his Guendolen, Henry Earl Mertoun, and when he sets ont full of the proud resolve to know ,. his cncra

VOL. Y. li 98 Robert Browning. _ Robe,.t Bt·owning. 99

As light where fr iends are-how imbued with lore Round me a,ghast as men round some cursed fount The world most prizes, yet the simplest, yet That should spirt water, and spouts blood. I'll not .•.• Thc ...... one might know talked of Mildred-thus Henry, you do not wish that should draw I We brothers talk ! This vellgeance down ? I'll not1 affect a grace gone from me-gone once, aUlI gone fo r ever ! And so it is arranged that on the mOlTOW Mertoun is •Th at's • • • • • • come to woo Mildrt'd herself. -We have some more How you must . Guendolen's sprightly woman's wit, and then she pro Despise me ! to go to Mildred and talk to her of her new lover. So break it if you choose, night she goes to her cousin's chamber to relate to her Jfert. A l eart the love of you uplifted-stillMilch'ed, interview and describe the Earl. But Mildred listens to Uplifl ts, thro' protracted agony, impatiently, and pleading weariness, hastily dismisses To I-leaven ! but,this Mildred, answer me,-first pace She rises fr om her seat :- The chamber with me-once again-now, say Ca mly the part, the ..... what it is of me " Is she-can she be really gone at last ? Youl see contempt (for did say contempt) " My heart ! I shall not reach the window. Nee-ds --Contempt for you inYOl! lI would pluck it off "Mu$t have sinned much, so to suffer. There ! " And cast it from me ! but no-no, you 'll not I Hepeat that ?-will you, Mildred, repeat that ? She places a lamp in the window by a purple pane. Th Dear Henry ! rises fr om without a soft low song of exquisite Mild. melody, the I was scarce a boy-e'en now ment opens, and Henry Mertoull enters. This was the Blot Me l·t. What am I more ? And you were illt'antine the 'Scutcheon. The boy and the girl in the guilelessness When first met you-why, your hail' fe ll loose their fr esh youthful love had fa llen into sin, and now On either I !-my fo ol's-cheek re!ldens now were to reap its bitter fr uit. Mildred's heart is fu ll Only in theside recal ling how it burned heaviness. The dreaded interview is over ; her That morn to see the shape of many a dream consent is already won ; yet the sense of secret guilt You know we boys are prodigal of charms ;­ her with a fo reboding that the cup of happiness already at To her we dream of had heard of one, -1 her lips is not for her. Mertonn tries in vain to cheer her. Had dreamed of hel', and was close to her, Micrht speak to her, might [live and die her own, It will soon be over. Who knew ?-I spoke. Oh, Mildred, feel you not Over ? That now, while remcmber every Mild. Oh, what is over ? what must I live through Of yours, each word1 of yours, with glancepower to test And say, "'tis over" ? Is our meeting over ? And weigh them in the diamond scales of pride, Have I received in presence of them all Resolved the treasure of a first and last The partner of my guilty love,-with brow Heart's love shall have been bartered ::t its worth, Trying to seem a maiden's brow-with lips -That now think upon your purity Which make believe that when they strive to fo rm And utter ignora[ce1 of guilt-your own Replies to you and tremble as they strive, Or others' guilt-the girlish undisguised It is the nearest ever they approached , Delight at a strange novel prize-I talk A stranger's ..• Henry, yours that stranger's-lip_ A silly language, but interpret you !)1 With cheek that looks a virgin's and that If with fa ncy at its fu ll, and !'eason Ah, God ! some prodigy of Thine is- will stop ScarceI in its germ, enjoined you secl'ecy, This planned piece of deliberate wickedness If you had pity on my passion, pity In its birth even-some fierce leprous spot On my protest,ed sickness of thc soul Will mar tIle brow's dissimulating-I To sit beside you, heal' you breathe, and watch Shall mur ur no smooth speeches got � by heart, Your eye-lids and the eyes beneath-if you But, frenzied, pour fo rth all our woef ul story. Accorded gifts and knew not they were gifts­ The love, the shame, and the despair-with them grew mad at last with enterprise If I 11 2 Robert B1·owning. . Robert Browning. 100 101 And must behold my beauty in her bower "1-1 was so young ! had Or perish-Cl was ignorant of even Besides, I loved him, Thorold,-and I I fell !" .. ... My own desires-what then were you ?) if sorrow­ No mother-God fo rgot me-so : . l Sin-if the end came-must. I now renounce Here, Mildl'ed, we two fr iends of yours Wi l wait My reason, blind myself to light, say truth G'IIen. Your bidding ; be you silent, sleep or muse ; Is and lie to God and my own soul ? Only when you shall want your hidding done, fl llse Contempt were all of this . . How can we do it if we are not by ? ! ...... Mildred, I love you and you love me ! Here's Austin waiting patiently your will ! Mild. Go ! One spirit to command, and one to love Be that your last word. I shall sleep to-night. And to believe in it and do its best, Me rt. This is not our last meeting ? Poor as that is, to help it-why, the world Mild. One night more. Has heen won many a time, its length and breadth, Me 1·t. And then-think, then ! By just such beginning ! Mild. Then, no sweet courtship-days, a I believe ..wild. No dawning consciousness of love fOI' us, If once I threw my arms about your neck No �trange and palpitating births of scnse And sunk my head upon yoUI' breast, that I From words and looks, no innocent fe ars and hopes, Should weep again ! Reserves and confidence� : morning's oVl 'r ! J/ert. How else should love's perfected noon-tide fo llow ? It is not long before Guendolen's quick sympathising the All the dawn promised shall the day perform. woman's wit discovers the truth ; Lord Mertoun and room secret lover are the same ; Mildred is guided to her on ; they await the return of their br�ther. Night comes And so they part. I have dwelt long on this scene, partly and . has been roa111ll1g wIldly through the because it is the key to the whole drama, partly because I and Tresham, who . himself beneath Mildred's wmdow. Mertoun could not help it. But now I must hasten 011. fo rest, finds :- Gerard the old fo rester has known fo r weeks of the enters, murmuring to himself nightly visits paid by some stranger to Lady Mildred; and this " And so I s ha l no more see rise l it was that filled his heart wit h care. Now he comes to tell My love-star ! Oh, �o mattel' for the Past ! the whole to Tresham. Nothing task to see can be more touchinO""' than So much the more delicious the way in which the damning words are wrung from the Mildred revive ; to pluck out, thorn by thorn, fa ithful old retainer's lips ; and the bewildered maddened All traces of the rough fo rbidden path s anguish of the brother, as his pride in the unstained fa mily My rash love lured her to ! Each day must �e some hope renewed . naJ?e, and his tender love fo r his sister, are stung to the very Some fe ar of hers effaceu, sur rises, unforeseen qUIck. He sends Guendolen to summon Mildred, and when Then thel'e will be p she comes, Delicrhts in store. I'll not regret the Past meets her with the most passionate description of '" 1" brother's love (would that had space m. All I to quote it I). He Furious with rage Tresham rushes out upon hi . gentlya breaks the fo rced fa tal charge to her, but as her silence shows to speak are fiercely checked ; Mertoun attempts IS her guilt, pity ch nges into stern to death. a ness, and he demands her to draw and afte r a fe w passes, falls wounded �ven lover' name. In her deep shame and misery e to abndge and h ve � she dare 110t The scene that follows I cannot ventur . � utter It ; and sadly but he orders her to rtou ' sad fo rglVlDg firmly countermand not space to quote at length. Me ? � . the letter ).iertoun to woo t e inviting Earl her. " But' Thorold­ confession ; Tresham's wild remorse, dnvll1g hIm to � if will receive as said ?" " Th e I him I Earl ?" .. I will receive poisoned draught ; Mildred's piteous broken-hearted gnef him Maddened beyond control at her appare !" nt shameless­ that swiftly carried her spirit with ness, Tresham pours fo rth his wrath in words of bitterest immovable sarcasm and rushes off, leaving her fainting and fallen. Its depth of purity the troubled Sllt'face of her crime, Guendolen alone still clings to her and by her faith and love Beneath with a keeps Austin there. At last poor Mildred falters out :- to join her loved one in eternal union, are painted Robert Browning. 102 master's hand. The exquisite pathos that runs thr this tragedy is carried on unbroken to the last sad close. And so I fitly fin ish what I had to say of the poems Robert Browning. For years they have been to me a so of never-failing and ever-increasing pleasure, and it is in earnest hope that others to whom they may be now unkn will find in them the same rich harvest of delight, that I ventured to write this Essay. HYLAS. L. TllEOCR. Id. XIII.

that not fo r mortal hearts alone LoveI TR hadOW his being, whence soe'er he be, . Nor to us fir'st, the cl'eatures of a day, That may not see the morrow, is it given To feel the bel1.uty of the beautiful. Even he, Amphitryo's iron-hearted son,

Who facerl the raging lion, loved a boy, Beautiful Hylas of the clll'ly locks, And taught him. as a fathel' would his ch ild, All good, and brave, and noble-heal'ted things By which himself gl'ew noble, brave, and good. All times they were together ; at high noon, When morning'ti snowy �teeds went up the sky, Anrl when the little chirping bl'ood look up While on her dusky perch the mother-bird Flutter's her beckoning wings ; that so the boy, Fashion'd in all things to the ma�ter's mind, True to the yoke, might make a perfect man.

But when fl'om riC'h 101c08, }E50n's son, Jason, was sailing fOI' the golden fleece, And the young nohles, st.I'ong in heart and hand, The flolVer of many cities, f1ock'd to him ; Among them came the great Alcmena's son Of Midea, much-enduring Hel'cules : He with young Hylas sought the well-bench',1 AI·go. that touch'd not the gray jostling rocks, ship But. like an eagle clave the mighty surge Between them, and in Phasis rode secure.

And when the Pleiads rose, and growing lambs Browsed in far fields, the spring being pa:it its prime, The godlike heroes set about their voyage. They took places the hollow ship, their in Hy las. Hy las. 104: 105 what to him And came with three days' breathing of the South Roaming the trackless hill ; and he came ! 'To Hellespont, and found safe anchorage Was now the heroic quest whereon Within Pl'opontis, where the labouring ox sails aloft, Brightens the plowshare in Cianian soil. But Argo floated with her And at mid-night the heroes cleansed the decks, And landing therc at evening, two and two Waiting for Hercules ; while he, afar The heroes hast.en'd, some to �erve the fe ast, Went madly, as adventure led his feet art, And some to stl'ew the couches on the shore ; Wild with the pang of loss that rent his he For near them lay a meadow broad, and rich Thus was fair Hylas number'd with the blest. In her'bage soft to lie on, whEnce they cut Blit har�hly spake the youths of Hercules The slender rush and lowly galingale. And called hi ... base deserter, who had left But I-Iylas went for water fo r the fe ast The thirty-benched ship for coward fear. Wherewith to serve Alcides and his mate A nd so they left hi bu t he came on foot m; Stout Telamon, his comrade at the board. To Phasis and the inhospitable shore. And quickly in a hollow-lying spot He spied a fountain : round the margin grew Thick rushes, and the pale-green celandine, J. H. C. Green maiden-hail', and parsley clustering fl'esh, And couch-grass densely spreading o'er the marsh. And down beneath the nymphs prepared a dance ; The sleepless nymphs, dread rustic deities, Eunica, and Nyehea fair as sprinO', And Malis : and when Hylns, altintent To fill thQ brazen pitcher that he held, Plunged it in deep, they clung about his hand, For love of the fair Argive boy had drawn Its circle round the tender heart.s of all. And sheer into the waters dim he fell As fr om the sky falls sheer into the sea A ruddy meteol', and the sailor Cl'ies To his mates ' Let go, my lads, there comes a breeze !'

And on their knees the nymphs in gentle ruth Took the fa ir boy, and sought to stay his tears ; The while Alcides, troubled fo r his sake, Wf:!nt with his well-bent how and Scythian shafts And the great club his right hand ever grasp'd. Thrice from the full depth of his mighty throat He shouted ' Hylas !' thrice fa ir Hylas heard' And from the water came a slender voice That �eem'd, albeit so near, a great way off, . And like as when a beal'ded hon, fierce, That hears the fa int cry of a fa wn fr om fa r, Hastes from his lail' to seize the ready meal ; So in the hungry cl'aving of his heart The hero crash'll thro' many a tangled wood

and dense, and traversed many a league. Pathll!ss of he o haplf:!�s lot lovers ! How toil'd, 107 Th e Co nfessions of an Old Don.

t must have been the �opes, the as- Class Classics ; wha 1' hird the lofty passIOns of those tions, the mental struggles. i ra prize-poem writers, were high Classics and Wranglers, hO far higher. Talk not � prize-essayists ? I trow something anti eyes cannot see. Talk of what your earthly and blind �hen delights in Greek an Old Don as an old dry stick who not uf series. Dream not cles and mazy problems and long parti the antique are the only ones who see beauties in that you OF think the end of all science is to produce stiff THE CONFESSIONS AN OLD DON. literature, or us not, our mission, our high problems. You comprehend or the �eaning and end of our pursuits. and holy purposes, through. We pity but do not We read you all through and on things with other pise you, fo r in time you will look ues my DO you think am 0 says, Verbum sap., sat--To I quite blind to all the inions that a eyes. But, as Terentius d freel abo t t f '� >: �l the older Membe of he Colle! tale. rater D fs : ge, and had worked steadily ���� g h t w i I was a Scholar of the Colle Malthusia�ism � � � � fo r two years and a half, I will I u ' d r v o •. and not unsuccessfully � J�� ;��� ��� � � ��� �;�: � f::� � particular in never reach my ears ? were never used by m rself in my candidly admit that in those days I was not so youn as now am, and I ger day�, when the great Quadratic of life ad not b een the matter of dress, bearing, or accent, I � was slightly Septen­ WOI'k e d out Into the soI u "I On - 4land that the better one)? dare say (though from Cumberland) !f you 1 . NOT to Mathesis, and the do , am(and I sure you seem t0 d 0 I't) you are much trionian. But what of that ? I stuck , closeness of mistaken. Speak evil of the I ' I g, a d a b d of a of my devotion was only exceeded by the l ? , . U' the ail' sh ll ardour l I authorities for matters of carry it : speak evil of t o 11ege d g �tles, a nd the birds of my application. I also read up the r ) : . l �) strikingly the college (the vultu es) h ll W lllsper ct on which all undergraduates are : It to t hem . fai th-a subje Ih e genera oplUio e round of my life fr om term to term, I'. n am?ng t.Ile undergraduate world ignorant. This was th C event on which about an 01 1 D on, IS, that hIS mam rl eliD'ht nay the chl'ef till, in the May of my third year. occurred an , , One of the end o f h' eXIstence co0' nSI' ' n' , wonder and sadness. IS � ts. I n gettln� up a, good cellar of even now I look back with walks and ditto old wine fo r the next el tlOn (por m partICular) : a fe ast fe w chums I had fo r Sunday afternoon �h� � d � fo r a week day in hall; a turn in u S °n unday afternoon after evening teas, had a visit from an aunt and sister the weekly grave into requisition as cicerone , and sole l tten dance at st. . Mary's u ' b t during that term, and I was called � � : her sharp most exqulSlte' and supreme of all ' t 0 Ol'd er Y oung mad-caps· and One afternoon of the aunt, with , cavalier. to put their gowns on . It I'S to correc t sue h ' ' her piercing spectacles, and dry discourses, , , an l �npl esslOn nose and questions, enOne?llS as well as mfamous and thouO'h rds as much as possible I attended tl s th t I SIt down �o sufficed for me, and afterwa pen t , was worthy of all tIllS my confession. I said erron�ou :01 . et me ask thIs on the niece Miss Eloisa J-- and she one question. If younD'stel's have : � on her. All attempts at � . d ' dr.eams and hop�s the attentions I could lavish and ; ��� lead to identification. aspirations, in thei� after-hall e 01 lazy moods ; If description would be useless and might they fo rsooth think that f day pretty girls who wear a ll' 11l'e 0 passIOn" an d actl" nty, 0 f She was not one of those every .. _ earnestness ' � er. There was nothing and labour. of thollO'hts, b 00 Inr l'ltlllO' l1nd a II th e pink in Summer and blue in Wint o th el . p h antasmagona . 1:>' . her hand which was of a younD' brain h. rads agaInst Logic, positively striking about her, except and neglects Mathema k�t was dark, smooth, and tics, anl reads mer a,nel Sopbocles beautifully small and neat. Her hair if anything, fo r their beauties and not for the ar, part cl - well done up. Her brow was not lofty, but, g 1.. H1� J �s and allu sions ; if they do all this and a I Ul English, none of t as t; n out Selllor Ops., 01' broad, Her cast of face was thoroughly about it. Her the Roman hauteur or the Grecian contour • No t those caps, the board which her own. Not like of has b een ong shattered Complexion, fe atures, expression were all to wreck. 1 sallow wax and gone those of the vain young Cantabrigian belles, of a Th e Oo n essions of an Ola Don. , TIl e Confessions of an Old Don. 108 f 109 and pi nk, l'egu ar and . � sadly unimpassioned: but a qu otation � brushed up. from. Gray or Collins, she h ely, arch, 3St, at . � quam t, good humoured, with but little 1 with her hqUld eyes nght 111to my face. Had wIth l- d a strong glow pervading all. Her eyes and her 0 , e been wantinO" to make me lose all command of 1all\0 t 1 b were her 'l i n'"O' best poin ts . The latter were clean set a d cl d heart, that look was enougI 1 to GOl' It . H er rapt n tauiqli,tna '} lea an' , . the former burning-black, . mmI', IV ' large an d bright, an d flas I sittinO" in her eyes COml11111g I ec1 wIt h' h IC h I meteors. No : meteors sometimes flash like them. to throw' all into one luok. She then le t fall cnCsoule avour;d . quiet, sta� d an� de corous, ev n ti morous U dlm' memol'l s, � before strangers, her e ye s and looked away sad an d thou�htf I :' , � after an mtervlew or two wIth one to her likinO" she w osed, floating thr ugh her b rall1 de IlCI0U� t houg ts I supp � , . open out like a sensi ti ve plant. She soon be : ot' SIlken fnngy la hes ;n to li haunting At the. SIght the lo ng � ith attention to my accounts b mine. ,,: . of examinations, and tripos drooping over the hunml starhke eyes .my h,eart b�at hl�h ; plra tl Ons, and to the true and fa a nde ithful characters of other indeed all th rough that w k I felt a kl l1 d of exultlll g, p, I drew for her, of th eir envy, malice, l l so spll'ltual conceit, &c., &c. She in the thought of partner to so heaven y, gradually became being interwoven into all my hopes and dreams a creature . What I poured into her ear with low im­ of future comfort. It was not love in s ne now remember. A l a hut. There would pas io � trem.ulous voice I �o not ! be no cottages near seas or woods for me. I did not fancy k o w IS, I WIshed I had studIe d Byron more than ood s s h thoughtless I n \V l!� thriftle ss prospects. No. I had a bright .Algebra, an d Sh akespeare more than Euclid, At last the bell VISIOn of a model w e pa rsonage an d a restored church in a ran'" an d we returned to J--'s rooms re we fo un d the parish she h , �here wo�1d enli�en the visiting po pulation with hastil.v c1osinb1t she fixed reahty, I could ; see, to stay behind an d ransack J--'s her lustrous eyes on me with a wondering wan dering gaze dra, ers and o ,: �erhaul his rooms, Eloisa however was as if her thoughts were far away. After the usual leave­ graCIOusly consIgned to my care with orders to see she did takinITS'" the coach rattled off with all the attendant and not catch cold. Off we set. In the day ti me there was of'ten escribed eclat. That night my rooms di d seem a ki nd of pi quante, saucy, :'cJ half-sarcasm about her which cheerless cold' dreary, de solate. In moody solitary wretched­ l1 turally osses�ed � � �p'eat fascinations fo r a strong and ne�s I s t by the fire toying uncunsciously with the po ke r, VIgorous mm d lIk ; e ml11e, unused as I was to the society and fo r the first ti me in my life (but NOT the last) began the of th other sex. Bu � . t as eV,ening drew on, when that following introduction to grand Spenserian poem in her ch r llng calm prev a � � aIls whose stJllness is only ren dered more honoul':- stl'l�Il1g bY perhaps the evensong of a th rush, pe ' rhaps the The s ars of heaven, bright and unquenchable, coomg of nngdoves, 01' perhaps the moaninO' of the wind Each tlike a lamp set in llis sev'ral place : in the topmost branches immemorial b of elms then was the When sullen night wraps i n pall of sable tim when all the � bea�ties of her nature c me out. Her 'r he blue serenity of vaulted aspace ; eelIngs seemed ·esponsl ve to ; f ! . the t.ime and the pl ace. I had And the pale moon begi ns her upward ra.ce ; Just been explauung a passage . , from St. Augustine to her Then do they gently shed their light like dew, great sat1sf ctlOn . She murmu face, � . red some answer, and we Down-gazing on us with mild-wond'l'ing walked on III a mutual SIlence along the ban ks of the dark green river. A solemn of his stillness held the air and we '" The writer is ready to take oath_ that the pressure wandere on erawe when d ov d by the majesty of the s ene. At hers was quite imperceptible. � hand taking _ Old Don. Confessions of an Olel Don. Th e Confessions of an 110 TIl e 111 Like angel's pitying eye that never knew 7T'Epa 'rE) and cut short my visit, Need say the sonow was, immel ate I What sin 01' and melteth at the view. rian poe was li ly consigned to the flames (/;;"'Srens£" e :n h at finished as it was : that they �ere manle'd � my al un , ; What was to come after I never determined, fo r it 1 I'n life has been contmual S1l1ce then ; whJle they 6 , uccess IS up ere me so long to write the above, especially the last line, stru , • his " e t h ey may penorm special invit.ation fr om I reached the hou ounO'1 colts : so that 1I1 then after-lIf C a1.tnt. and si tuated in the middle of a neat garden (all old d il routine of their profession quietly in harness! � y more patlently are good gardeners) and knocked with a beating ritakete the bit and wear the collar all the . first dnven by Welcomed I was, but she was not there, and though because they were inured to it in youth, and panting to ask after her. I dared not, and was miserably men of superior talent and abilities. on that subject. At last the aunt vouchsafe d the infor

-- " tion, that she had gone out with Mr. L to do a "SAPERE AUDE. visiting, and they would be back to tea. My blood run at this announcement. I fe ll into a fe ver of j conj ured up visions of domestic tyranny and m"".'L""L"u. elopement. When they did get home at last, I saw No need of an introduction to him as Eloisa's be Mild and clerical-coated curate as he was, I could but fe el fu rious at him, To my astonishment she did n blush or fa lter, but welcomed me with her old manner, w' the same smile, the same lively expression, He wa5 same in manner as her, quite kindly, not at all like wh a rival ought to be. '.1.' hat night to me was one of tort She sang and played (like a Siren I thought), and they all exerted their utmost powers to charm and please. At last Mr, L-- Ieft and J -- went part of the way with him. The aunt left the room to scold the servants or perform some other housewifely duties, and we were left alone. We managed somehow to get into conversation, she doing all the talking and showing herself to be what in extremely vulgar phrase would be "very jolly," She made me her confidant about Mr. L-- and talked of her visit to Cambridge ; how she was thinking of him in those dear old grounds at dusk when I so kindly took her round them, and how she wondered w at he was doing. could have killed myself! � . � The wondenng wandenng look 111 the coach flashed on my memory. What a mistake I had made ! What a fool, what an egregious fo ol I had been I I had had enough of it A VOYAGE TO THE AUSTRALIAN STATION.

(Continued fr om 199, Vol. IV.) WORM p. THE I' THE BUD. Ballamt and the Gold Diggings.

HAD but a vague and general idea that Ballarat was a I town of canvas tents-inhabited by a population of would govrrned by Judge Lynch ; I w as sure there WE thought that life n health were hers dir'"rg ers a be nothing like an hotel, ami the best accommodation would And many a year befOl'ed her : be fo u nd in a booth like the ' Crown and Anchor ' of Green­ But ere another summer eame w h Fair. The grass was waving o'er her. ic Such was the Ballarat I expected to find. My readers At first a short dr)' cough ; 'twas nought may like to know what the actual Ballarat was. She answered, angel' : half in 'We left Melbonrne at a nd reached Ballarat at 3.30. 25 11.30, Then strange wild ecstasies would come This gives a speed of miles an hour, and as no accident Or weary fits of languor. ha yet happened on any of the miles of Victo ria Rail­ 200 She g-rew too fa il' ; her oark eyes gleamed way, the governl lI ent deserve honourable mention fo r their With an unearthly splendour; management. No tunn el or emba nkm ent and only one short We read the truth, hut told it not, viaduct is required, as the country is almost a dead level . For 20 For fe ar we might offe nd her. miles we saw no tree, and I was reminded of the fa milial' dreariness of the prospect that once spread before Her wasting fo rm grew weak and thin, me as travelled by the Great Eastern, from st.ation to Her pale hand hot and whiter : I station through the Eastern Counties fiats. For the rest of The hectic fllI�h u on her cheek p way the country is a little more d versi ed, and there Wax'd brighter still and brighter. the i fi are plenty of gum trees with fair undergrowth of grass. a But when the winter past, and spring About P.M. we passed through a track of gravel land Came treacherously smiling, furrowed w3i th trenches and pools half fu ll of water, and with We thought our flower would bloom g i a a n­ lll?unds and embankments along their edges ; this was some­ We knew not death's beg iling. u thing of the scenery I expected in the di gings. I began to look out fo r Ballarat. The station is finerg than the average She died one sunny morn : but while n h Our breasts with grief were heaving, �f E glis ones, with the usual mob of loafers on the plat- Her pure soul stooped to print one arm. There is, however, an unmistakeable Yankee twang kiss ab Upon the lips 'twas leaving. out everybody and everything in the colony which seems str ongest at Ballarat, and strikes you even on the platform. The sweet lips answered with a smile '' My idea that Ballar�t could show no better hotel accom­ We breathed one silent prayer, Illodation Folded her hands upon her breast, than a canvas tent was rather shaken when I fo und he And placed a lily there. 'George Hotel ' could make up 80 or 90 beds, and had t l rg �. � e bar, a sitting room, a billiard room, &c., besides a "SAPEItE AUDE." room, where we fo und tables laid fo r Inlng 30. VOL. V. I · Vo yage to tlte Australian St atto1J. Vo yage to the .Australia1� Station. 115 114 .A .A One more surprise awaited 11S in our bedrooms, the two main streets : here is the pedestal on which a were f provided with toilet apparatus complete, razors except o !l umcnt to the explorer, vV ills, is to stand ; here also does We prefer to provide these things fo r oursel ves in Engl n;.oncl t he Ballarat Shop. 'l' he front of that shop must be but th colon ials seemed to app�o,·e of the arrangenl�l1t, fe et at least, and seems offe r fo r sale everything a � . t� . he hall' brush � �o want r fUrlllSh1l1g bo y c oth lll g. t alrell dy stood in need of a wash, and the '111 can fo house 1 . 01' d . h 0 to t le l'lg h an ��· us was dyed pink with the dentifrice of t he la�t gu Jl1' ,Ve pass many st.reets b mnctllng if I t d I he cold bath dol'S not tha of begin with much show, bu fall seem to flourish as in Engla left, notici ng t all them � . " bat.h-room " al ways figur s to the decay h us s a n " sheds. 1Ius e i n la rge letters on the quickly in of. wooden � e d and cards of the hotels : us t at wc arc 111 the " ma artery of traffic, so but my experience is that it is convinces h m apartment out o f repair, or j ust painted After walk ng some distance we came to , or unavailahle w e fo llow it on. i some reason 01' anot r nd began to si nk a little, and the size her-probably the inhabitants are a p lace where the g ou judice against it on acco t of a great deal. �tone houses became the xcep­ d u n the untimely death of the houses � m l popular Melbourne alderman, caused by an unwise use tion i nst ead of rule, and even the wooden ones d w d ed the a cold bath : a thing so contrary to his usual habits, tl1::l.t n si;::e, un t i l the front was barely large enough to frame door never recovered tbe shock. iand office w i ndow, on which was w ritten, in seven cases out of Curious to see what Ballarat was like, we silllied out n ten , t h e worus " share broker," " land-agent," " a ttorney," &c. day on a yoyage of discoverv, and fo und that like all t This is t e most Americanized part of the tow n; the streets in Victoriil , h n you wal under the the st reets ra� east, west, north ilnd EO also are a little more i rreg ular, a d as k A few doors dOWJl the street we passed a group of five ba piazza that is bui lt from hOllse, l ittle can be seen but . n each all bUIlt of d ; whilst a ark blue stone that abo u n ds ht·re. E the o· laring white pain t on the op posite house fronts bui lding rose to the height of three stories, an d in each t alon�T the front of the piazza is fixed a h uge board with the words "Gold Office " gl it tered on the blillds of one or tena� t's llame and business ill the largest letters of deepest windows. As may be expected, I know no to wn in En,,·l black. that. could surpass Ballarnt in the character of its bf lll ks. o 'Ve passed several churches ; in some the iron building Ab ut yards fllrthel: down the street stands that first served fo r a ch urch is converted into a school, and Mechano ics' 100 Institute, which we entered. Proceeding do by its com parison wit h the present largE;r stone church, the passage to the reading room, we pas�ed on one which is not without architect ural p retensions, gives an idea a s al l lecture m room, ca pable of holding people of the rapid increase of the parish in nu mbers and wealth. on the other, two 300 01' 400 rooms fo r evening clas�es, which, I w In these parish schools, which receive government aid, sorry to hear, did not Hnswer well. The readincy roo religious differences are ignored ; indeed I believe all however, was well filled with attentive readers ; ups airs is religious instruction is prohibiteu. Every one know� how really fine lecture � room , i n w hich , when pl atform and the government has endeavoured to introdu ce this system are filled, peopl can fi nd room. into the schools at home. A strong p roof of the 1000 e National There are fe w places of public amusement at Balla irnpossibility of ignoring the religious difficulty in treating Fre h colony see s A nc m to start with a theatre ' whilst the subject of education is afforded by these sch.ools, fo r the), English one b gins with a warehouse, as in En"iand. For Instance,. � and fol1ow� it up wi are as sectarian ° )f a school )S a church, to law trustIng the of supply and demand to provi attached to a Wesleyan cbapel, it is filled with Wesleyan e t e . th a r s and other recreatlOlls.-At least in Ballarat th children ; if a Roman Catholic chapel, with Papists, &c. expectation has proved a vain . 10 hope I did not visit I have previously praised the broad streets of Melbourne, theatre or dancing room, but a fr i n r e d informed me that the esult of makin°a the roads that pass between the huts of the was once the sole occupant of the �rst boxes and had c onsidera settlers of the same magnificent breadth that is so strikin� diffi lty in he ri n t In cu a g he actors all acco'unt of the din in Burke street, or Elizabeth street. The final result IS pit ; whilst in the ancing at d saloons, fu ll dress consisted s isfactory : but the intermediate stage of small buildings and t o shirt sleeves, and r users tied up at the knee. sn�all traffic passing through the enormously wide roads of thI Leaving the Mechanics' Institute, we pass S part of Ballarat is very rea y. The ery small houses the intersection d r v I 2 A to Australian Statt'on. 116 Vo yage tlte A Vo yag.e to the Australian Station. 1 1 '7

on the oppnsite sine of the way seem almost thrown ca ])ita1. For its. discovery the colony is indebted to a prrspective by the breadth of the street , and to walk ac 1 . . . . eSS mOll sense arphcatlOn of the SII11 P I e pr1l1Clp1 es 0 f geo I ?gy. the road seems like cr!lssi . n ng a desrrt However we contri ,' co ., II UI a t is built in a wide val. ley between two ranges of hIlls : to get as fa r as the Hosl;ital anrl Benevolent Asylum : t lh, I f these is quartz , and 111 the streams procee d'lllg f'rom It. fo rmer is a two-storied builrhng, with ten large windows one 0 n tl'ties of gold were found : the ot h' er range IS compose d the front of story, built in 1856 ; it is a sign of the qua . each basaltic rock, and for sometIme was �ot suppose d to prising growth in wealth of the community, as golel was of tain gold. To one explorer however It occurred that diFcnvered until 185 1, and Ballarat was con . by no means the ' ' n fo rmer geological ages th IS unprod' uctIVe range m.us t h ave gold field. As might be expect.ed in a mining elistrict, b1 b1 n quartz also ' that the sands of the streams runn1l1g from fo und that a large proportion of the Cases were ca sual . ee range into the' sea, must have been lmpregnate d'111 1'1I {e from explosions, and other mining accidents. The this manner with gold dust. and that the waters must bave washed lent Asylum (our workhouse) is a pretentious building wit ," ay nuo-o-ets of gold from the quartz ; that the beds of these many a" MM pinnacles and oriel windows. It contains inmates '11 ' 203 streams with their golden treasures must stl eXlst und er th e are deserted children ; most of the rest are bedridden 103 flood of basalt, which had poured over th� range and c oked considering the length of time this colony has been . � up the streams-so that, If the basalt was plerced through, the existence, I was surprised to fi nel that with hardly an . streams would be reached and the washlDgs fr om the beds tion these last are from the old country. prove to be rich. At feet below the surface, these As yet the poor of the colony are relieved by volun 400 . results were verified ; a rich bed was hIt upon, and large contributions : we should suppose the colony rich eno . quantities of gold obtained. Most of the compa11les a� Ballarat to do this easily, but it is here generally admitted . obtain gold in this way ; their works are call�d allUVIal. paupers are becoming so numerous that voluntary . . Only one spot, calle Blac.k HIll, IS mllled or guartz must be supplemented, if not altogether superseded, � � crushing,-Sandhurst belllg the great centre for thIS kmd of government aid. mining. . These buildings fo rmed the limit of my walk ; co . I Our first visit was paId to the Black HIll works. now fo rm a more correct idea of Ballarat. Brought After a fe w words with the manager, we walked up the existence originally by the rush fo r gold, it has out! hill side to ·the tunnel which leads to the excavations. Stand­ that excitement, and settled down into the great inland ina at its entrance we had a capital view of Ballarat : it of the colony-though even now gold mining, gold se�med to extend over a lenath of nearly two miles, having &c., are the occupations of thousands. a breadth never exceeding a uarter of a mile. I was nform�d The importance of the agricultural interest may be q 5 that tlVO or tbree hiO'h circular brick t.owers, consPiCUOUS 111 gathered from the 1864 prize list of the annual show of different parts of th town, �r� watch stations fo r obser�ing Ballarat Agricultural Society, fo unded in 1858. There t � . the first signs of a fire and glVlllg notIce to the fire-engl�es. three classes of horses, comprising twenty-eight sections As near as I could guess, we walked about seven or �Ight there are twenty sections in the cattle class, fifteen in the hundred yards before reaching the scene of operatIOns. sheep, thirty-one in implements, and thirteen in machinery. . Starting from the level we were on, the mlDers had worked To each section two prizes are allotted, and in three cases upwards, until to save props, they had broken out to the silver cups of the value of £10 or In the early days . £15. light, and we fo und ourselves on the floor of a large pIt or of the colony golel was obtained, as is well known, by washing excavation some two or three hundred yards square, and the sand and mud deposited in the beds of rivers whose averaging a depth of thirty fr om the surface. A la�·ge streams had gradually worn down and carried away the gold extent had evidently been worked out and presented noth1l1g dust fo rmed in the quartz. It is ,generally known that this but beaps of profitless mullock, much resemblinl? whit� chalk. kind of work was soon exhausted, and explorers naturally Following a train line leadinO' towards a part of the pIt sunk tnrned their attention to getting gold direct from the quartz deeper than the rest, we c�me upon a party of miners at itself. This is still a principal way of obtaining it ; the other Work. The white clay which fo rmed the hill, seeme( here plan is on the whole more remunerative and requires rather b � roken by firmer and darker bands of whIlst a eart.h, A Vo yage to the Australian Stai£on. 118 A Vo yage to the Australian Station, 119 vein of qUllrtz, in some places a pure white, in others u where we aO'ain liquored ; upon our return to the red, {In,.,, n, ran down the cut i ng. Whilst ,or1 looking about " II 0 1Je we aO'ain l I uored ; we 'dl1specte t h e WOI' I {S fe w m01 t 0'f . b q :nents, saw the glitte ot' gol d in cl ]3'111cl l , I r the ay ; q a l iq uorecl, and one of the party to Id me h e h ad e�tncatlDg an aaiu my pri e, I set up a shout of t i u mph , 'cl z r but 1 rivate liq uor ou the sly, A liquor is conducted after disg us d to find I hlld been deceived p e by a small 'timer ' he party walk up to he counter and one says �par, t ha,( a to �\' hich a yellowish lu tre ''' as t t , imparted by t he ut ; Vhat will you take ? "- hen you ask fa!' bran dy which It was imbedded, Mys gui ;;It :�� \ t de assured me that ter sherry &c, n eve fo r beer) as you ·feel disposed. mcl y con ., wa " ( , � tained no gold whatever : and al t hou r h the qu aUU il l' guide now took us up a nckety set 0 steps, paid very � D , well fo r stam ping, yet it was useless t' to the top we f0 1lnd ou el es on a I:alsed part the to see the gol d in the At r£ v of rock. We now followed to the et fo re floor of a long shpcl with the ll1 o th of the p � a few fe be of the a t in of tmc-ks lo l , pit ra aded with quartz ; here st beyond was the mac llner� y fo r up t he ore us, whil men was tilte, d down a shoot which � hOlstlOg at once brinO's ore (if the wet masses of duty blue sand and pebbles that und r the hammer al1(l � of the crush ing machine : this co oc(> s of , cam e in the bucke s can be called ore). The pr � ?f sixty hamm ers, (ellch 7 cwt,), altern t � t n !:' ly r ising and fa l Ill)g was very summary, le most prom ll ent °b �e c S mto a cleansin 1' t ' t closed ches tro ugh the fr ont of which � , t or , is com , the a room we were in were three lArge cI �t erns hke of plates of metal, perforated lar e , with holes of s tipped i nto t hese , m i ed With wate these different the ore was x r chests contain mercury to fo rm an amalaam for �ashId s tui b;;red by harrows drawn round and round by horse gold : the hammers incessa�t1y r fa lling wit h crash th t he liahter sand was carried away and the w h ole well shakeS th :: allwelpl "'to> t � wOoden sl eds nd offices, crush " , � a the q a f er a cer all1 t11ne the watel' IS' d rawn 0 an th send It flYing , , nartz \\'ashed, A t t fl' cl e m all d i rectIOns ; the waters and the p mud scraped out and t.h rown into a t rough or sh oot. ,A small enough to scape through � the perforations fly out i re ted down thiS, sh oot and carnes escape, 5 t rol1 " stream of water is d c the rest falls b,ck and is thus passed � agai n and awa 'the ebbl es and much of he sand, the larger J:lebbles under the hammer until crushed into an i palpable pow / p t the trough, whIlst fr om , m ca ied different distances clown whICh t he gold has been drawn rr t�e 1111 bv he action of t are i edi el sinks to the bottom in co se uence of Its me cury. gold mm a y q r The quartz, now reduced to owdet t n p r, mixes wil specific gravity, ' the water and ows out from he ches great fl t t down an i n cl i This p ocess is carried on fo r SIX, hours : time he plll l e and so escapes l r by that � � edg�s are fixed at diffe ren parts of I n ; trol1"h is filled with quartz ebbles and white sand, whilst ?l l11e t? break the flow the str t eam, and the pl ne is at tl�e op of the shoot a l ightp yellow spo gleams through the wnh baiz at a e ,to e n tangl ny £ner parti t t � � cles th a may ha w a arly whole result esc ped. , ve ter, In this spot is collected l1� the ll J he depOSIt IS collected se t , veral ti mes a day, of the work of the rninp. fo r t he last SIX hours, a�d x posed to the actlO� e of mercury ; llfter which it may fa irly The mllSS of pebbles is vigorously raked over and over to be concluded very lIttle gold l"sca pes, get mud, the water IS, then e In s rid of all the sand and turn d off, ome works the quartz is calcined before , , , bei nO' and the conten ts of' the rough shovel led 111tO a pierced 1I'0n this is the only process have omit crushed but I ted to th plate which acts as a sievet to etain all the lar.gel' pebbles : foregoing accoun . lUCl1t�n in r t � litt.le escapes but gold and a metal, clllled mun ICk of n arly 'Ve now p oceeded to the Band , � r of I-lope alluvial di' O'i nO' � which ny s the same speci fic gravity as gold, ma� IS now stirred la upon other side of t T�e � y tbe he e d r�� abollt magnet to any part Icles of 1I'on &c, adh r throngh a Il by a which � e, are plai n with notlJing but he toul18iwn, W � o-htlv sheds of an!l the remna'llt is taken to a fu rn:lce to be t.horoughly dned, the difI rent wo kings to reliEve t r the view eac shed was wood � , of \Ve fo llowed to �ee the final process : in a fe w minutes the re­ WIth a great lop-Sided towel , also ; h ' wood risino' out S\llt of a nur b s of the midst. of of six hours mining in the shape � er o drop ?f Our guide in t od uced us , � r ma ger gold about the size of shot )'eappear d Sllll11ng 111 vlrgm vh asked us to l q to th� � � ? i, l1:or before s l"eing the works, ;a , Th is is a beauty, Even now it is not punRed : a ve sel , hke a wdlspensable pr quite , ehtnll1ary to all col onial busiul"ss, � , , � Thus in frying-pan with wide sl�es and a eep hp g Jl1g 1lgh t? the the course � � of our visit, w li uored on this : t e q our £1'st bot om is p roduced , he IS s�aken 111 thIS unttl the introd ction; we afterwards drove some 1 , u miles to another lll utndick Illetal collected n (being of less speCi, fic gravity) IS o the 120 A Voyago to the Australian Station. outside of the mass; from time to time the wo rkman b out the 'refu se over the lip of the vessel until nothing gold is left. The yield is then weip-hed, rcgistered, up, and taken to the ba nk . The Band of Hope em 250 men, and the yield fo r the day was £400 : t he nugget, in size] an d shape not unlike the top of a IN MEMORIA M G. A.. P. li ttle fin ger, was worth about £20 or £25 ; the cost of the gold was about £250, leaving a very fair pr ofit enabled the company to pay a divi dend of 5 per cent. mensem. This was an instance of a fai r day's work HE has gone to his grave in the st;ength of youth, successfu l mine;-we afterwards visited another whe re all While life shone bright before him : t expenditure £ 18, 000 And we, who remember h�s wOrth and truth, vi si ble re sult of he of was a tall , Stand vainly grieving er hlln. hou se and an unceasing s tream of brackish water. 0 There is not much to be se en by descending into has gone to hi g aye ! That manly heart He � � . Ol, mine : we met one party who had been exceedingly f tu n No more with life IS glowing ; fo r they ha d just hit the mo ment when a ri ch pocke t of And the tear� to our eyes unbidden start, had been di scovered, or.e of them dt sCl'ibed the na lTOW Our sad hearts' overtlowing. which ha d once be en the be d of the ri ve r runni ng lik I gaze on his rooms as beneat pace, band al ong the si de of the working and at one partic , � And the past agam comes 0 eI me, spo t the n uggets stood so thi ck ly cl;ustered together in � Fur fe el his grasp, and see hl face, consequent upon the � clay, that , in the liberality first AndI his voice has a welcomeI tor me. of surprise , the manager sc ra tche d them out wi"""th ",,,,onr. point of a clasp knife and p re sented one to each of the pal' I gaze on the river, and see on?e more Round each mine an exten si ve piece of land is al His form in the race competing ; l' covered wi th the s an dy refuse fr om the workings : round And hea the time of his well-kno,:"n oar, I tli p e dge s are pitched many small gipsy te nts, whilst near at ha And the shouts his ' um h greeting. Chinamen at work e- w hing bitter grief are crowds of hard r as tbe Flow on, cold river ! Our So separating the go d ,,:aken : careless is the process of l tha t many No tear from thy waves can es fe llo ws make a om o rt l livelihood out hy wJllolV leaf th e c f abe of the Thy whisp'l'ing reed, and t get in this some are l c enou they way, whi ls t u ky gh to find By no sad sighs are shaken. prize: st. ill oftener ho wever a poor fe llow is fo und dead and gay, are thronged by the youllg hi s tent of st arvation and ho pe defened. Still crowds Thy banks p not of the morrow ; Chinese ol metropolis. Who dr am flo ck to the g d On e of the m rnful lay, thou lust no car for a mou interesting street sights of Melbourne is a number of But No sympathy with sorrow. fellows ju st after they ha ve left the emig rant shi p; away they heedless wave, go, their bright be ady eyes glisteni ng their tails knotted up Flow on, dull river ! Thy the head ; a e in; s te the i gl As it echoes shouts of gladness, round their to ngues j bb r g in pi of s n e brave, as stalwart, an� hearts as file they march in. All their goods are slung in a couple Bears forms mourn JtI sadness. squ are lidle ss bo xe s hung at the ends of a stout ba rn As his whom we resting ri i vi g and a leaJ't more bold, on the ght shoulder, and g n to the spri ng But an arm more strong, � t e trot along. "\V e to their motion as h y now returne d And with purer feelings glowmg, v n o , b hold, BaUal' at, an d ha i g left a valu able depo si t in g ld in pay­ Thy flowing waters shall ne'er � wmg. ment of our hotel bill, we returned to Melbourne by the Till time has ceased from flo last train. " MEMOR." Our Cllronicle. 123

his successor. The vacancy caused in the council of the sSenate bas been filled up by the election of the Master of Chrc College. 'A Professorship of Compa)'f\tive Anatomy and Zoology the University, A Newton, E�q., having been founded by Magdalene Co llege, was elected to the OUR CHRO�rcLE. M.A., late Fellow of' Roll; his opponent beillg Dr. D rosier, ch�ir by the Electoral l\1.D., Fellow of Caius College. u hom pson. M.A., late Scholar SINCE the appearance of our last n mber, death has carried A proposal by Mr. H. Y. T sh p the Univer$ity away G. A. Paley , E'q. lVI.A., of this College. of Trinity College, t.o endow a lecture i at in�tit utions, t.he lecturer to be Those of us who rememhrl' his athletic figure, and his on A merican literature and genial Senate of Han'Clrd College, near Boston, countenance, will find it hard to believe that we shall appointed by the to the Senate during the see him no more. 'Ve believe that his death was cansed by United States, was submitte(l d non-placets Typhus fever. }\fr. Paley graduated in 1860 as a Senior present Term, an was rej ected, there being 106 t Op ime. He was well kllown as an eminent oarsman, in the to 'j;) placets. and Tutor of days when Cambridge boats were generally succe�sful. He The Rev. E. H. rerowne, B.D., Fellow e appointed Hubean Lecturer rowed as No. 2 in t he Lady Margal'f�t 1 st boat ( 1 857), when Corpus Chl'isti College, has b en it kept its place at the head of the river: he was bow of a for the present year. l en Scholarship winning Ca m bridge crew at Hel ley, in 1858; and he was 'Ve are happy to announce that the Crav J 01111 's College. No. 7 of the crew which Slink at Chiswick in 1859. In the has been adj udgell to Mr. Thomas Moss, of St. steadily. The same year he won the Colquhoun S(;ulls, and was 1st The new College Chapel is ad vancing Captain of the L.M.B C. roofing of the nave has commenced, and throughout great But we would not speak of him here merely as an eminent progress has been made. the per­ oarsman. No man in his day has ever been more loved and In the Mathematical Tripos in January last, e. respected in this College than George Paley. No one ever formance of the College was hardly up to the usual averag were heard a harsh or ungenerous word come from his lips ; no 1\11'. Hill was bracketed fifth W rangler, and there one ever heard him speak 01' act in a manner unworthy of besides, eight other Wranglers from St. John's. a gentleman and a Christian. We omitted to chronicle last terlll the death of a dist.in­ High and noble qualities like his ought to be as great guishec\ member of the Collt·gc-The Ri�ht Hon. Henry ot' Her a source of pride to a College, as the achievement of the John Temple, Viscount Palmerston, the first Lord be highest int.ellectual honours; and in these days, when perhaps Majesty's Treasury. In supplying the omission it may undue importance t d o nian who had is a t.ache to mere intellectual ability, interesting to s tate that he was the seventh J h r it may be well for us to be eminded that a man may pass filled that high position, the otht'rs having been his time up here without gaining any very high distinctions, 1. Willialll Cecil, Lord Burghley, in the reign of Queen . and yet, by the example which he sets, produce a good Elizabeth. of King influence amongst us, and be held in remembrance and 2. Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, in the reign honour by all who have known him. James 1. the The events of the past Tt"nn which call for notice here 3. Charles Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, in reign of have been but few. The first which we have to chronicle George I. the unexp ct deat l is � e� � of the Master of '�'rinity. A �'ay 4. Charles vVatson \Ventwol'th, Marquis of Rockingham, e from the Ul11v rsl ty, hIS na11l� was that w Inch was always under George 1I 1. l'eferred to the representatIve (after­ as one of the place, and his 5. Fredel'ic John Robinson, Viscount God<.>rich, will under d death leave a gap which will not easily be supplied. wards Earl of Ripon), Georges Ill. an 1 V. , in the The Rev. W. H. 'l'hompson, M.A., Regius Professor of 6. George Hamilton GOl'don, Earl of Aberdeen Greek, and Canon of Ely, has been nomir,ated by the Crown reign of Her present Majesty. OUI' Chronicle. 125 124 Our Cltronicle. but entitled to a prize if in the first Inferior to the above, The first Classes in the several years in the Coli at Midsummer: Examination, in December last, were composed as under: class Stokes. G. F. Betts Co:tpe IIfr. Steele, R. U. THIIm LeJgard YEAR. Wehby Hey O'Grndy Co\\'ie Charnlcy { Carpmael, E. Beaumon {{cece, A. D. t ael, C. Adams Carl'11l E. Groome ChapJin Hope Bakewell Recce, J. G Percival Blunn reen Thornley GilIcspie Macdona. G 01'1' Landon watkin Sandys Horne llill, B. Stoney Thorpe, C. E. FiJdian G. Vinter Poole, T. B. Leo-Warner Scott Gildel'dale Proud Inferior to the above, but entitled to a prize if in the fi Sykes class at Midsummer: Boat Club for the The officers of the Lady Margaret Fisher Alford next Term are: o , Layeoek Tunnicliffe President. E. W. B wling M.A. 1Ireasw'el', A. Forhes. YEAR. SECOND Secretary, F. G. Maples. Captain, F. Andrews. Moulton Laidman L10yd 1st Captain, W. Bonsey. Srnales Mm'shall, F. { Haslam, S. 2nd Captain, A. Low. Griffith Watson. A. M. Sparkes 31'd Captain, J. M. CollaI'd. Watson, F. f Holditch Lester 4th February Venlon I Obbard Ellis The Second Division race began on Wednesday, Bourne Bumps: Wilkins I 28th. The following is the list of Wednesday, Feb. 28. Inferior a to the above, but entitled to prize if in the first 3 l 1 Emmanue12 12 Emmanuel class at Midsummer: 2 5 2 Catharine 13 Pembroke 14 1st Trinity 5 i Braithwaite Luck. R. Almack 3 Corpus 2 n oll 15 2nd Trinity 2 5 Fynes-Clinton I Ga n A�he 4 Queells' l e� s 2 Brook Smith { Jessoll 5 ht Trinity 4 S 16 J u ady Margaret 4 Osborne 6 Christ's 2 17 L 1st Trinity 6 7 Caius 2 ']8 FIRST YEAR. t wn g 8 Lady Margaret 3 5 19 Do in l 20 Sidney S [Arranged in each Class in order of the Boards.] 9 3r<1 Trinity 2 10 Clare 2 Routh Reynolds, C. L. l Hodges 11 Trinity Hall 3 J Bennett, J. R. S. Ibbetson Eustace Thursday, Mar. 1. Cassells N orton Good win 11 Clare 2 Cochrane Rohinson 1 Emmanue12 Giles 12 Pembroke 2 Boutfiower Watkins 2 Catharine t } Mansfield 13 Emmanuel 3 Barnes Squires 3 Corpus 2 j Reed 14 2nd Trinity 2 Sirnpson Bennett, G. L. 4 1st Trinity 4 Drake 15 1st Trinity 5 } Hart, W. E. Junr. Howlett 5 Queens' Elliott 16 Jesus 2 Chamberlain Pl'idclen 6 Christ 2 Hodgson 17 Lady Margaret 4 Hallam Bousfield 7 Lady Margaret 3 Oxland 1 8 8 1st Trinity 6 ·l Benson Capel it Caius 2 l F zgerald 9 19 Sidney J Cotterill, H. B. Gr-iffiths Smith, G. 3rd Trinity 2 f 20 Downing Hewison Preston 10 Trinity Hall 3 Our Chronicle. 126 Our Ohronicle. 127

was shot for on Tuesday Friday, Jfm·. 2. 'fhe Company Challenge Cup ' lat" h . ..'Ma r ch 1 Emmanuel2 11 Clare 2 1 The winner was Private H. Ashe. the same 2 Corpus � 12 Peml,rolie:1 j A match was shot against No. 1 Company, at 3 Catharine 13 2nd TJ'inity 2 o io s by 28 points. e No. 7 Company proving vict r u 4 15t Trillity 4 J tim 14 Emmanllel 3 I The Officers' Pewter fOL' the present Term has been 5 Queens' 1:; Jesus2 ) won by Private Ashe. 6 Christ 2 16 l st Trinity 5 to No. A Challenge Cup for recruits has been presented 7 Lady Margaret 3 17 Lady Margaret 4 Term. COlllpany, by Corporal Roe, to be shot for every 8 3rd Trinity 2 18 Sidn,'y J � holder is Private J. E. Reece. 9 Cai us 2 19 15t Trinity 6 The first boat is now in traini n g at Putney. and 10 Trinity Hall 3 J 20 Downillg The University p st "Ve are with more hope of success than fOl' 111any years a . o find th;]t our College is represented by two of its glad t . . The A. Forbes belOg crews of the 3rd and 4th Boats in the races this term, membe!'s Mr. H. ""Vatney 1'0wlIlg 7 and Mr. were composed as follows: coxswam. 3"d Boat. 4th Boat. The St. John's College Athletic Sports were heM 1 A. G. Cane 1 H. R.. wing is the list of Beor on M onday, February 20th. The follo 2 C. W. BOllrne 2 E. W. ;\>/. Lloyd ' the races:- 3 J. W. H oc1gson 3 r. A. Hope Winner. Second. Distance or Time. .5 ft. 4 W. H. Simpson 4 E. L. Peal'son High Jump ...... R. Fitzherbert Brogden 11 sec. 5.T. Musgl'ave 5 J. W. Horne IOU Yal'ds ...... W. O. 130yes T. \V. R. Hodges 29 ft. 6 S Haslam 6 E. Miller Putting the W I'ight W. Clmrnley 7 J. Wa kins t 7 W. H. Green Hurule lhee, 120 } 19 sec. R. FIt Zh el'b er t R. Hey A. J. Finch (strolce) 11. Radcliffe (strolce) Yards A. Q. Bros (cox) R.. Bower (cox) Race, } Graduates W . H . H , uH d son A. F. Torry 22 sec. 2UO Yards. L. wie 59 sec. Q.ual'ter of a mile W. O. Boyes D. Co The I ady.. Margarpt Scratch fours for the present 3 term Long .Jump ...... R. Fitzheruert 19ft. in. were rowed on 'V ednesday , March 1st. [j Ill. 12 s. Seven boats One mile ...... R. Atkiuson C. Hoare entered, and after three bumping" races, a time race was Hopping Haee, rowed between three t R He W. Lee Warner boats which came in in the following 80 Yards \. y order:- Walking Race, n 2 t G C • Wl't11 e 1 ey W. Char ley 17m.30s. miles S' G. Csbol'l1e FmsT. SECOND. THIRD. Consolation ...... E. Braithwaite n � . Strangers' Raco 1 J. Too e 1 J. Musg'I'ave 1 A. G. Cllee tl l am T I'mlt y Cane '1 l' , ' sec. 2 R. Hey quarter-ml e, 101' Gibbs, Jesus 55 2 H. R. Beor 2 A. M. Watson B.lla 3 W. Bonsey 3 W. Almack 3 £:W Cup (.�t.) E. L. Pearson ----- E.W.M.L1oyd(st.) F. G. Maples A. Low (stroke) R.K.Prichard(cx.) University Athletic Sports took place on the 3rd, 5th, J. W. H�lton (cox.) A. S. Wilkins(cox.) The and 6th of l\1arch. The only representative of the College We have much pleasure M in calling attention to the fact who succeeded in winning a University Prize was 1'. W. that there were five ohnian J s in the first class of the Classical Doig, who won the walking race of 7 miles in 62m. 20s. T ipos this year; of whom foul' mo r were a ng the first eight, The intel'-University Sports took place at Oxford, on M W. F. Smith being second. r. There were also seven in Saturday, March 10th. Oxford was successful in the mile the second class, and five in the third. race, in the hurdle,- and the 100 yards; Cambridge in the long jump, the high jump, putting the weight, throwing the ,-

128 Our Chronicle.

ham m er, and the quarter-mile race, while the two race was unde 1'. cided, 1\1 Long of Trinity College, Cam and Mr. Laing of Oxford, running a dead heat.

The Officers of the Cricket Club for the present season .H·esident, Rev. A. F. Torry, M.A. Fil'St Captain, F. A. Souper. Second Captain, W. AImack. PROFESSOR A.DAMS' RECENT DISCOVERIES IN Secretary, A. C. Skrimshire. Treasul'e1', E. W. M. Lloyd. A.STRO�OMr.

The following gentlemen have during the present been unanimously elected members of the Stained ·Window Committee: an old rule of the Euitors, the technicalities of science en o Y T. B s n. T. de C. O'GI·ady. B H. Cochrane. are excluded from the pages of the Eagle: and if this H. W. Lee Warner. H. B. Cotterill. article should appear to any of our readers to trench on this rule, we must make the importance of the subject, the A further list of subscriptions and donations will be next term. given interest it will have to many resident and non-resident subscribers, and our peculiar pleasure in the success of 'Ve are requested to inform those who are about to our eminent fellow-collegian, our apologies, if such indeed Cambridge, that it will be a great convenience Committee, to be needed. Many, we hope, of the scattered members of if they will pay their sub�criptions before ' go down. our college, as they read this paper, will be pleasantly remindeu of the hours they have spent on Godfray's Lunar The vacancy in the editorial committee of Tlte the commencement Eagle, Theory, or Herschel's Astl'onomy, or Laplace's Exposition of the present term, for which three there d'lt Systeme du Monde,. and many more, to whom these candidates, was filled up by the election of Mr. T. Moss. pleasant recollections are denied, will read with iuterest an account of one of the most remarkable and pregnant discoveries of modern times. Professor Adams, director of our Cambridge Observatory, " at 'the beginning of the present year, received from the hands of the President of the Royal Astronomical Society the o Gold Medal for his valuable contributions to the Develope­ ri'oOo ment of the Lunar Theory. I propose in the present paper °0°0°0° to give a short sketch of the nature of these contributions, 00 o and to point out their importance, and their position in the splendid History of Astronomical Discovery. It will be possible, I trust, to present this subject in a manner that shall be intelligible to an attentive reader, even if he is unversed in the mysteries of mathematical representation. If a careless person were to note the position of the moon among the stars on a succession of fine evenings, he might suppose that, during the intervals of twenty-four hours between his observations, the moon moveu over equal distances. A more careful observer would see that this is VOL. V. K

,