2 September 2011 £1.70 the discover the contemporaryFriend quaker way

Quaker Schools in Kenya the Friend Independent Quaker Journalism Since 1843

Contents VOL 169 NO 35 The Quaker understanding of concern 3 Religious groups lead the way on ‘green’ challenges Throughout the history of the Religious Society of Friends we have recognised that 4 Gordon Barclay Vietnam Fund to anyone may come, at any time, a special laid down inward calling to carry out a particular 5 The Quaker memorial service. It is characterised by a feeling of having been directly called by and by Anthony Wilson an imperative to act. 6-7 Exploding the myth of money creation by the banks The ministry which has been carried out ‘under concern’ is a remarkable record of John Schmid strength and perseverance in adversity. 8-9 Letters Many speak of the peace that came to them with the certainty that they were 10-12 Developing Friends schools in Kenya working with God. Recognising concern has Roger Sturge and John Welton also placed an obligation on the meeting which tests and supports it. Friends have 13 The reflective mindset on occasion been released from financial David Boulton considerations and in some cases their 14 What do nontheists not believe in? families have been cared for whilst they carried out the service required of them. Dorothy Searle 15 Poem: Oblivion A concern may arise unexpectedly out of Hugo Finley an interest or may creep up on one out of worshipful search for the way forward. It may 16 Q-eye be in line with current desires and projects or it may cut across them; it may lead to action 17 Friends & Meetings which is similar to that undertaken by others Cover image: or it may require a brave striking out into the Children at Kikai Friends Primary School. unknown. Photo: Roger Sturge. Quaker faith & practice 13.02 See pages 10-12.

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2 the Friend, 2 September 2011 News Religious groups lead the way on ‘green’ challenges

Britain’s Baptists look set to be the first religious group For others, the buildings are homes as well as in the UK to use solar-powered electricity at their places of worship. Nuns at a Benedictine convent near national headquarters. They have begun to install Helmsley in North Yorkshire use a woodchip boiler nearly two hundred solar panels at Baptist House, fuelled by locally sourced trees and collect rainwater to based in Didcot. The arrival of the panels marks the flush the toilets. latest step in an increasing trend for ‘green’ adaptations Meanwhile, visitors to the Vatican can now see to churches, mosques and other religious buildings. solar panels on the roof of a building used for papal Britain (BYM), the formal audiences with pilgrims. organisation of British , recently committed Pam Lunn of the Woodbrooke Quaker Study themselves to introducing solar panels and energy- Centre, who focused on sustainability in this year’s efficient lighting at Friends House in London (see Swarthmore Lecture, said she was ‘delighted’ by the ‘Proposed “green” refurbishment at Friends House’, the Baptists’ decision. She explained: ‘It’s excellent witness Friend, 22 July). – quite literally, everyone can see religious groups Richard Nicholls, general manager of the Baptist putting their money where their mouth is’. Union of Great Britain (BUGB), said that the decision Such changes often have spiritual motivations. St to fit solar panels arose from a commitment to Mark’s Anglican Church in Sheffield will fit solar ‘creation care’. He told the Friend that the change ‘gives panels this autumn. Jelly Morgans, a member of staff us the opportunity to reduce our consumption of at St Mark’s, told the Friend that they were motivated energy considerably over the next twenty-five years’. by Psalm 24: ‘The Earth is the Lord’s, and everything Dismissing fears about the cost of the project, the in it’. She added: ‘The church should be at the forefront BUGB have said that the panels will generate more in looking after it’. electricity than the building needs, meaning they can BYM has made a commitment to become ‘a sell it back to the national grid. ‘We expect a return on low-carbon sustainable community’. Other groups that investment very quickly,’ said Richard Nicholls. to explore the issue at a national level include the A number of Quaker Meeting houses have been Methodist Church, who have pledged themselves to among the religious buildings taking up the challenge environmental standards that are binding on their of ‘green’ development. Settle Meeting have introduced local churches. heat exchange systems, Oxford Meeting have insulated The Big Green Jewish Website, supported by a their walls and a number of changes to Cotteridge number of national Jewish organisations, advises Meeting house in Birmingham have reduced energy Jews on how they can make their synagogues more consumption to less than twenty per cent of its 2004 sustainable. The Church of Scotland used a session of levels. their recent general assembly to consider solar panels Some faith groups have found imaginative ways on church roofs. to integrate green technology with worship. Heaton Pam Lunn would like to see many more take up the Baptist Church in Newcastle uses solar panels to heat challenge. She said: ‘Just think of the impact if every the water used for baptisms. Muslims in the German church, mosque, Meeting house, synagogue, temple or city of Norderstedt are planning a new mosque with gurdwara did this’. rotary blades on the minarets to generate wind power, which is expected to fuel a third of the mosque’s electricity. Symon Hill

the Friend, 2 September 2011 3 News [email protected] Gordon Barclay Vietnam Fund laid down

The Gordon Barclay Vietnam Fund (GBVF) has been East Asia, working in the refugee camps on the laid down. borders of Thailand and Laos doing surgery in field Ratcliffe and Barking established hospitals. Celia and he supported craft making and the fund in 1968 when the Vietnam war was at its other enterprises and would return to Britain with height and it became an independent registered beautifully made craftwork, which was sold to help charity in 1971 with Quaker trustees. The trustees boost the funds. Gordon also spent time helping the met earlier this summer at the nursing home where Vietnamese boat people in Hong Kong. Gordon Barclay is now living and agreed ‘with regret’ In 1991, after many failed requests to return, to proceed with laying down of the GBVF. Gordon was eventually allowed back to Vietnam by the In the late 1960s Gordon was one of a medical team communist government and worked with the blind and appointed by the British government to go to Saigon deaf in institutions in the northern city of Haiphong. in a response to presdent Lyndon B Johnson’s request The GBVF, over several decades, has done an for British military support. Harold Wilson refused enormous amount of work in Vietnam, helping to send troops. Gordon, a general surgeon, went schools for the blind, working in close association with out for almost a year initially and then, during his the Blind Association, and supporting eye operations annual leave, for a couple of months at a time, worked and the sponsorship of blind students. Celia and in a paediatric hospital. When Gordon’s wife Celia Gordon Barclay paid annual visits to the projects for followed him she found orphanages where children many years and formed very close relationships in were languishing in dreadful conditions. This led to Vietnam. Celia Barclay died in 2001. The fund has the founding of the GBVF. The main thrust of the new been administered by Gordon Barclay. charity was to set up a toy-making workshop with Recently, Gordon was awarded a medal for services Buddhist monks in a pagoda and then to appoint a to Vietnam by the Vietnamese government. team of mostly British and Australian Quakers who Gordon Barclay said that he never wanted to lay worked to improve the conditions of the orphanages. down the work and would say ‘as long as we have When the war ended in 1975 all foreign NGOs money coming in we will keep going’. Without were forced to leave Vietnam but Gordon and Celia’s Gordon’s leadership, however, the remaining trustees work didn’t end there. Gordon went out to South do not feel able, or that it is right, to carry on.

The Themba Trust UK

Trustees of the Themba Trust UK organisations to empower people Themba has worked with well met recently and made the decision to stay safe within the context of over 100,000 people and now they to dissolve the UK charity. HIV and AIDS.’ are making plans to replicate their Themba in South Africa will be ‘Themba is now financially viable work in a further three provinces ten years old in February next year and therefore no longer needs our in South Africa. and has had long standing support continued help,’ Kim explained. Kim added: ‘None of this from British and South African ‘Since the Themba Trust was work would have been possible Friends. formed in the UK in 2007 more without the help and support, ‘Themba exists to reduce the than £20,000 has been donated financial, material and spiritual, spread of HIV,’ said Kim Hope, from the United Kingdom.’ of Friends. Although Themba has a member of the Blue Idol Local ‘So this is to say thank you for all never been an “official” Quaker Meeting and also of Johannesburg the wonderful support individual organisation, Quaker beliefs and Monthly Meeting. ‘They recruit Friends, Quaker trusts, Local and values have consistently imbued and train young people to become Area Meetings have given to the the organisation and the work, and actor-educators in a very special Themba HIV&AIDS Organisation there are Quakers on the board interactive theatre process, and (now called Themba Interactive) of Themba in South Africa. It is then go to schools, colleges, in South Africa and to the Themba “held” by Quakers, and is a true prisons, youth prisons and other Trust UK.’ example of faith in action.’

4 the Friend, 2 September 2011 Update The Quaker memorial

Anthony Wilson talks about the latest developments Artist’s drawing of the proposed memorial. Image courtesy THe Quaker Memorial Trust. Memorial THe Quaker of the proposed memorial. Image courtesy drawing Artist’s

The idea of a Quaker memorial within the National commemorated was mainly as conscientious objectors, Arboretum in Staffordshire is coming closer to reality. serving in the Friends Ambulance Unit (FAU) and The Quaker Service Memorial trustees are looking the Friends Relief Service (FRS) during and after the to extend their number beyond the present four second world war. The task of the Memorial Trust will appointed by Staffordshire Area Meeting, at the same be to articulate a peace witness that speaks to people time as we build up our fundraising appeal beyond at our site today, people who may have lost relatives in the £22,000 raised so far. The memorial should be conflicts whose causes rest on contested control of the completed in twelve months’ time, when the outreach earth’s resources – oil and water, forests and minerals, programme will begin. sea and land. If only a small proportion of the 300,000 Arboretum Quaker Service Memorial trustees will be working visitors each year come to our site, we will still be with QPSW to develop training days for Friends addressing thousands of people in a reflective mood as in attendance at the memorial, drawing on Quaker they contemplate hundreds of memorials to military Life’s expertise in outreach. We also need to appoint casualties: our design provides sheltered seating in an a treasurer, as well as those experienced in modern open circle, familiar to Friends who attend our smaller communication and media methods, and with active Meetings for Worship. The wording on the benches links to Friends worldwide and the national and has been agreed by Meeting for Sufferings and the international peace movement. There will be no paid British Legion (which manages the Arboretum): this employees. In the tradition of the FAU and FRS, we may be a ‘first’, and reflects the encouragement that we welcome the participation of those not in membership have received at all stages of our proposal. who are ready to work in accord with the Quaker The peace witness of those whose service is Business Method stipulated in our trust deed.

the Friend, 2 September 2011 5 Opinion Exploding the myth of money creation by banks

John Schmid offers a personal response to a contemporary concern

t pains me to read in the Friend (‘The debt- hens. Luckily, the carpenter remembers that he owes based nature of our financial system’, 27 May) a me £10 for fixing his computer, and so the very same misconception that I feel is common to almost all £10 note may end up in my pocket again. According to Ibasic economics textbooks and pervades the thinking textbooks, we have created £40 of new money. A more of would-be money reformers. logical view is that it is one and the same banknote that has simply circulated. It is the purpose of money I believe that it is simply not true that ninety-seven to circulate: if it didn’t, the economy would grind to a per cent of our money has been created out of nothing halt. by banks and building societies. All our money has been created and is issued by the Bank of England in There are two points about this story. First, without the hope that it will circulate endlessly and thereby that £10 note, which is acceptable to all, we would facilitate the exchange of goods and services. have had to barter. That’s fine in a village where I and the grocer, the farmer and the carpenter all know one Following the financial crisis and its aftermath, another, but it could be a pain in the neck if I lived in anyone can be forgiven for regarding banks as devilish a big city and didn’t know my neighbours. institutions, which have brought the whole economy to its knees. Perfectly true. But the fact remains that Secondly, I might not have needed supplies from the if banks didn’t exist we would have to invent them. If grocer that month because my house was well stocked. a house catches fire because of an electrical fault, that If I had put my £10 under the mattress, all the other doesn’t mean that we have to revert to candles. We transactions would also not have taken place and there just need to find out what has gone wrong and fix it. would have been a mini-recession in the village. This Then we can enjoy the benefits of electricity again. But is where the banks come in. If I deposit my £10 in the before we look at what went wrong with the banking bank and the bank passes it on as a loan, the exchange system, it is important to understand how a well run of goods and services can continue uninterrupted. economic system should work. Of course, one day I will go to the bank and ask When it works for my £10 back (or I write a cheque for that amount drawn on my account) and I expect the bank to Let’s start by assuming that there are no commercial produce the money (or honour my cheque). But that banks or building societies, but only the Bank of does not mean that the bank cannot meanwhile lend it England. I happen to have a £10 note in my pocket out to someone else. and decide I want to buy supplies from my grocer. The grocer uses that money to settle an invoice from Experience has taught the banks that on any given the farmer for eggs. The farmer decides to use that day, by the law of averages, no more than ten to fifteen money to pay the carpenter for building a cage for his per cent of its customers will lay claim to what they

6 the Friend, 2 September 2011 have deposited, and it is therefore safe to lend out the other eighty-five to ninety per cent. The bank has expenses in running its business, just like the grocer. The grocer bought those eggs for £10, but will sell them for more to his customers in order to cover his expenses and to make a profit. Similarly, the bank makes a profit by paying a small amount of interest to depositors while charging more interest for loans. If banks didn’t exist we would have to barter for loans and would be at the mercy of sharks. When I leave my money at the bank, I do so in the belief that the bank manager is more experienced than I in deciding who to lend the money to until it is needed again. Photo: Images_of_money/flickr CC. Photo: Images_of_money/flickr When it goes wrong If you print more money than the economy needs That, of course, is where things have gone wrong. (or do the same thing electronically), you create The core business of a bank is to accept money from inflation and that’s something that I, as a resident depositors and pass it on to safe borrowers, so that of Zimbabwe, know well. Our central bank printed the money keeps circulating and thereby enables the money with no regard to economic principles and economic wheels to turn. But greed has blinded the we ended up in 2009 with a banknote of 500 trillion bank managers into speculating with packages of Zimbabwean dollars (500,000,000,000,000), having funds (consisting, for example, of doubtful mortgages) already knocked off another thirteen zeroes a few as if they were safe houses and ignoring warnings months earlier! about a bubble, which will one day burst. Inflation Did you know that among major industrial nations, Canada escaped this blight, because the Bank of The Bank of England has a special unit called Canada forced Canadian banks to observe the rules of ‘Conjunctural Assessment and Projections Division’ the banking game and stick to their core business? It’s that is concerned with the fine tuning of the amount as simple as that. I worry that bankers elsewhere have of money in circulation in order to prevent inflation still not learned this lesson and have not even been or deflation. (Inflation, in popular parlance, simply held to account for their irresponsible behaviour. The means rising prices, but it derives its meaning from golden handshakes and the obscene salaries of CEOs the fact that the money supply is unduly inflated.) continue. Now, if commercial banks and building societies The myth could produce money out of thin air, the Conjunctural Assessment division might as well fold up and go Be that as it may, just as we will never abandon home, while we find that the price of a loaf of bread electricity, so we will never be able to do without can rise from two billion pounds to twenty billion banks. In any well run bank, if you look at the balance pounds in three days, as happened here in Zimbabwe. sheet, you will see that the amount of customer deposits held is about ten to fifteen per cent larger The real issue than the amount lent to borrowers. The amount lent to borrowers is circulating in the economy. But the No, Friends, let’s lay this ‘money-creation myth’ to rest sum total of all these moneys at any given moment and think instead about the real issue: finding a new cannot exceed the amount made available to the monetary system that eliminates the need for eternal economy by the central bank. Money is not created growth on a finite planet and reduces the inequality out of nothing. In fact, the amount of money a central between rich and poor. Now that’s worth thinking bank puts into circulation should match the needs of about! the national economy, measured by the available goods and services. John is a member of Bulawayo Monthly Meeting.

the Friend, 2 September 2011 7 Letters All views expressed are those of the writer and not necessarily those of the Friend

Conscientious objection life and in the corporate life of the Society. Last week’s Fox Report (26 August) reminded me of One obvious area to examine is travel: many Friends a comment written by Jean Johnson, an American nowadays will not fly at all, and many more consider Quaker, at the end of her husband Paul’s letters carefully whether they need to. As a worldwide from prison. He was a CO during the second world Society, we need to consider radical ways to reduce war. ‘During Paul’s time in prison I often thought of our carbon footprint substantially. other Friends who were also in prison… I wondered Yet I read that one thousand Friends will gather in what the moral of it all was and finally came to the Kenya for the FWCC Triennial conference next year. conclusion: in peace time men who kill other men are Many of these Friends will be flying considerable put in prison; in war time men who refuse to kill other distances. How can this be an example of ‘living the men are put in prison. It gives one pause to think.’ kingdom of God in a broken world’, when it will Clare Norton contribute so much to the breaking of that world? Worcester Meeting But cancelling the conference because of its carbon footprint really would be putting our actions where our Sustainability words lie. Dear Friends, can any of you honestly say I came away from a delightful week at YMG that the world has been helped in any but small ways Canterbury, with a feeling that we were not seeing by any previous conference? I don’t think so, lovely and the ‘Elephant in the Room’ as regards sustainability. I inspiring occasions though they undoubtedly are. So did not find discussion (perhaps I went to the wrong I call upon FWCC to take the bold step of cancelling meetings!) of what happens to jobs without economic this conference, so that our collective carbon footprint growth, nor was Simplicity examined for its effects is thereby appreciably reduced and so that all of us can on the jobless. ‘Simplification’ of my life may be to better live the Kingdom of God without breaking the employ others where possible. Should Friends in Local world any further. Meetings and nationally be encouraged to undertake Sarah Richards constructive projects at this time – ‘New Deal’ style? Newcastle upon Tyne Meeting It has come to me there is another possible line of action. Some of the most devastating cuts have Target setting ironically been those affecting voluntary organisations. Kelvin Beer-Jones contemplates an inevitable nuclear Those of us who have assets – perhaps rather more future in his Talking Point (19 August). Nuclear power than sufficient savings ‘for a rainy day’ (for example, is not an option if the wellbeing of human and other ‘better class’ old people’s home) – might choose at life is valued. It may be possible to contain the harmful this time to invest some of these in a trust fund, the radioactivity that is produced with nuclear energy income from which would support charities organising but there is always the possibility of a leak and as the volunteers that have lost or had serious cuts in their radioactivity remains for perhaps millions of years we local authority grants. Local examples I happen do no favours to succeeding generations to leave this to know of are the Volunteer Bureau, Maidstone lethal legacy of our folly. Mediation who run Restorative Justice in Kent as Better to harness energy from the sun as solar energy, well as Neighbour and Peer Mediation in Schools, from the wind, even though it makes some people the Children’s House and RESET for the resettlement uncomfortable, and tidal power, where the loss of local of offenders. The recent disturbances have also habitat, as in the Bristol Channel, is a small price to pay highlighted for me the folly of closing youth clubs – for contributing to saving life on the planet. seven out of eight in my area. Brian Beecroft I am sure Friends in other areas know of similar Westminster Meeting disasters. If anyone is interested in following this up, or knows of such a fund already existing, I would be Population pleased to hear from them. In a letter (19 August) under the heading ‘Population Janet Sturge and sustainability’, David Leonard said that when 7 Thornhill Place, Maidstone ME14 2SF he and his wife got married forty-six years ago, they [email protected] pledged themselves to what he described as a “‘zero population growth’ family”. What did that mean? Did FWCC World Gathering it mean that they had decided not to have children Like many Friends, I have been much inspired by this at all or that they would only have the number of year’s Swarthmore Lecture – both the spoken lecture children necessary to maintain the population as it was and the book, which I have just finished reading. I feel then – or was there some other desirable benchmark? moved to look at significant changes both in my own I ask this because my wife and I got married in 1944

8 the Friend, 2 September 2011 [email protected]

and had three children. Did we exceed our quota? York. Finance to keep it going is a real struggle, and Stanley A Holland the publicity would be excellent. If you go to www. Bournville Meeting create4theun.eu, you have the opportunity to vote. Andrew Rutter Sentencing of rioters Winchester Meeting I was delighted to read the letter from Daphne Wassermann (26 August) about the excessive sentences Seeking school desks and chairs for juniors handed down to the rioters – such a negative response Friends at High Wycombe Meeting are assisting can blight the future lives of these young people. with the re-opening of a ruined junior school in It would be much better to get them to repair the the Murewa District of Zimbabwe, via a personal damage they have done and to get some understanding contact in our Meeting. The building has now been of the hurt they have caused others (for example re-roofed, but stands empty. The education authorities through restorative justice). Also, the cost of retaining in Zimbabwe are able to provide a head teacher them in prison will fall on the tax payers! from next January, but we need to equip at least one I hope that Friends can make strong representation junior classroom. We are willing to ship a container to those in authority to review these harsh to them, if we can load it with desks, chairs and other punishments. necessities. We hope Friends may help us to track Theresa Watts down some redundant desks and chairs that we could Abergavenny Meeting collect. Our venture is registered as a small charity ‘The Sigh of Relief Trust’: www.sort.uk.net. Renaming Meeting for Sufferings Ian McFarlane Some fifty years ago I had short letter in the Friend 107 Holtspur Top Lane, Beaconsfield HP9 1DT suggesting that the name be replaced. My thoughts have not changed since. The name goes against Epistle the Quaker principles of plain speaking, simplicity, Ann White’s letter in response to YMG epistle clearness and, above all, honesty. It was true and shocked me by its content and, much more, by her accurate when first used: it was for those who were apparent unconcern for the effect of her accusation fined, had property confiscated and were imprisoned. of dishonesty. The clerks, all Quakers present at YMG Today, the main ‘sufferings’ the committee has to deal and, we trust, the Spirit of God, endorsed the epistle with are financial and administrative problems. and its careful wording. We have indeed inherited the The only objections seem to be from those who earth and will pass it on to future generations; that is feel that nostalgia is a fitting memorial to those who what ‘inheritance’ means – having responsibility for it actually suffered. We can still remember them and at during our lifetimes, in trust for those who follow. the same time use a name that is clear and accurate, Even MPs are wary of using the term ‘lying’ about such as central committee, which would let others each other’s utterances in parliament. A lie is a realise that we are living in the present, not the archaic deliberate untruth. Is that what Ann White means to past. say? She may dispute the words used in the epistle. I John Gray think they are good ones but she is, of course, entitled 27 Welbeck Gardens, Toton, Nottingham NG9 6JD to express an opinion on that. Surely she is not entitled to be so gratuitously hurtful and unjust to the honest Art in the Society Quakers who wrote and accepted the epistle. It was good to see the article (8 July) encouraging Barbara Martin Friends to think about the role of art in contemporary 15 Cranleigh Close, Banbury OX16 9NJ society. John Taylor, the late bishop of Winchester, believed that it was ‘artists who kept hope alive’ in The Friend welcomes your views. Please keep letters many oppressive societies. short and include your full postal address, even I see my role as a Winchester Quaker as a poster when sending emails. Please specify whether you artist for our Meeting house. As such I would like to wish for your postal or email address or Meeting draw Friends attention to the UN international poster name to be used with your name, otherwise we will competition in support of their campaign against print your post address or email address. Letters violence to women. Although not an internet person, I are published at the editor’s discretion and may submitted five designs along with 2,300 other people. be edited. Write to: the Friend, 173 Euston Road, This was partly in support of this important and London NW1 2BJ or email [email protected] overdue initiative, and partly to see if one could win Remember if you are online that you can also comment on all articles at www.thefriend.org a prize to help the finances of ‘Friend of the Family’ project in Winchester that was celebrated at YMG at

the Friend, 2 September 2011 9 World family of Friends Developing Friends schools in Kenya

Roger Sturge and John Welton describe a recent educational visit to Quaker schools in Kenya

‘American Quakers brought the Bible and British Alan Bradley and John Woods. Kenyan Friends have Quakers brought education’. This recent statement by concerns about the quality of education available in a Kenyan teacher still partially reflects the contrast their schools and the extent that they continue to between American and British Quakers in our reflect Quaker values. relationship with Yearly Meetings in Africa. In February and March this year, five experienced The first Quaker mission in Kenya was established educators from Britain responded to an invitation to by mid-Western American Quakers in 1902 and the travel amongst Kenyan Quaker schools and join with Friends Church became one of the leading protestant a group of Quaker school head teachers and Yearly denominations in western Kenya. Now there are Meeting officers to explore the strengths and weakness sixteen Yearly Meetings with more than half the in the way the schools are performing and identify worldwide membership of the Society. ways in which they can be supported.

Quaker schools The project was organised by John Muhanji, director of ’s Africa Ministries in Most schools in Kenya were founded by churches but Kisumu, who spends a great deal of his time working are now mainly funded by the government, retaining with the schools. John Welton, Roger Sturge, Ann their link with their original sponsors through the Floyd, John Dunston and Mai Targett from Britain appointment of four church-nominated governors, were joined by an American professor of education, a situation that has similarities with the position of Eloise Hockett, who is supporting a group of Friends church-founded schools within the British school School teachers who are developing a secondary system. school peace curriculum.

There are over two hundred Friends secondary Resources schools and around a thousand primary schools in Kenya, mainly in the Western Province. There has The proportion of children attending secondary been a long-standing connection with Friends School schools has expanded greatly in recent years and Kamusinga. Its first two head teachers were British, our abiding impression is of enormous variation in

10 the Friend, 2 September 2011 Students participate in an outdoor drama class. Photo Roger Sturge. Photo Roger

the facilities and resources available in the nineteen Most of the schools involved boarding accommodation schools visited. While Friends School Kamusinga but very few of the students had mosquito nets. In has some of the best exam results in the country dormitories with up to sixty children, twin and triple and very extensive facilities, most of the schools had bunk beds are packed closely together, some with no pitifully few resources. The expansion in enrolment space between them. Students share their beds with has taken place without taking account of the wider the tin trunks containing their possessions. range of abilities and the need to adapt teaching methods, curriculum and the examination system. Quaker influence Organisationally, many of the schools could be classified as failing, with inadequate resources and Links between the schools and their local Friends teaching that is didactic and textbook driven. There is Church vary greatly. In some a local Quaker Pastor little opportunity for student participation. gives a weekly evangelical address to the students, for others there is little contact. Most teachers and head We did observe some exceptions where brilliant teachers had very little knowledge of Quakerism. teachers overcame such challenges. Good teaching is Almost none of them were aware of the Quaker helped by, but not dependent on, resources. In one of testimonies and understandings common within the best-resourced schools a teacher gave a textbook- contemporary British Quakerism. grounded PowerPoint presentation on volcanoes and rift valleys without suggesting that students looked out Following our school visits we took part in the of the window at Mount Elgon! In contrast, in a school annual conference of Friends School principals and with few books and no computers, a teacher ended Yearly Meeting officers for a joint exploration of areas another geography lesson with a group of students of need. performing a traditional dance, which involved pulling apart to illustrate the formation of a rift valley. Three areas emerged for development. First,

the Friend, 2 September 2011 11 improvement to the quality of teaching and learning One outcome is the development of a ‘Charter of to take account of the broad range of student abilities Entitlement’ for Friends Schools, setting out what now present in secondary schools. Second, the need parents and students can expect a Friends School to for improved leadership and management throughout provide in terms of values, safety and the quality of the schools to support change. Third, we explored learning. ways of enhancing knowledge of the distinctiveness of Quaker witness through teaching about the The second outcome is a request for money for the testimonies. two-year appointment of an education officer who will work with John Muhanji and the head teachers We identified some of the factors that will conference to initiate a self help school improvement be necessary for the implementation of a Peace programme, with some further support from British Curriculum for all students, based on the historic Quakers who have experience of school development Quaker testimonies and informing Kenyan students of in Africa. Quaker history and current involvement in methods used in Africa and elsewhere to promote peace and American Quakers still provide support to the reconciliation. Few teachers know about the major mission of the Friends Churches and we consider contribution that some Kenyan Quakers made to the that it is good that Kenyan Friends have seen British re-establishment of peace within their communities Quakers as having a further contribution to make during the recent political conflicts. in education. As western liberal religious beliefs and practices diverge from those that our forefathers took The best forms of development work come from to Africa, it is important to take every opportunity to a local awareness of a need for change. On behalf of maintain contact through practical work that shares Kenyan Friends, John Muhanji and the Quaker school our Quaker concerns and professional experience. head teachers have asked for further support, both to help with school improvement and the reinforcement of Quaker principles in the way the schools are run For further information contact The Graham Ecroyd and the education they provide. Trust, 10 Carmarthen Road, Bristol BS9 4DU.

The team. Left to right: John Welton, Ann Floyd, Mai Targett, Roger Sturge, John Muhanji (FUM African Ministries), Elaine Hockett ( University, Oregon USA), John Dunston. Photo courtesy of Roger Sturge. Photo courtesy of Roger

12 the Friend, 2 September 2011 Outreach The reflective mindset

David Boulton describes an unusual outreach opportunity

Several articles in recent issues of the Friend have Mindset, and didn’t Friends have something to offer focused minds on outreach as we begin the run-up on reflection, both personal and collaborative? to National Quaker Week. Outreach ranges from unsubtle evangelism, which we are shy of (though So I found myself facing twenty or so international George Fox, not to mention Jesus of Nazareth, was decision makers, bussed to . pretty keen on it), to more subtle reminders that Most of them had never heard of Quakers. I talked Quakers are alive, well and willing to share their about our understanding of the reflective mindset as adventurous approach to life. But how is this for an manifested in Meeting for Worship and particularly unusual outreach opportunity? our collective decision-making; of how Quaker businesspeople had carried their religious experience I was recently approached by Martin Brigham, into the secular world; of our experience of linking who runs the International Masters Program in corporate reflection to social action. I spoke of our Management (IMPM) at Lancaster University. This is rejection of creeds, dogmas, hierarchy, and our an innovative approach to business practice that has substitution of Advices for commandments, and attracted worldwide attention as a radical alternative Queries for rules and regulations. I did my best to to the narrow orthodoxies of most MBA programmes. answer their many questions. Then Martin, who has The students are not fresh-out-of-school would-be never been to a Quaker Meeting, suggested we settle businessmen and women but highly experienced into silent Meeting for Worship. managers from some of the biggest names in global corporate affairs. I think it was the Meeting for Worship bit that really got them. Most had never experienced anything like Martin’s question to me was simple: would I it. Some told me afterwards how moving they had come and run a session with senior managers from found it. ‘It’s so simple,’ a Korean executive said, ‘but it companies including Lufthansa, Samsung, Panasonic, could change the world!’ A German manager said he’d Fujitsu, Cable and Wireless, and the Kenyan Red carry the experience through the whole course, as they Cross? I was baffled. My knowledge and experience of move on from the reflection module to Analytical, their world was minimal. I had a nightmare vision of Worldly, Collaborative and Action mindset modules, myself facing a score of hard-nosed Alan Sugars telling based in Montreal, Bangalore, Beijing and Rio de me in unison ‘You’re fired!’ as I exposed my ignorance Janeiro. ‘We live, sleep and eat business,’ said another, of global business culture. Then Martin told me, ‘I ‘but this course exposes us to new ways of thinking, want you to talk about Quakerism’. new ways of reflecting, and new ways of making the big decisions. It opens up our narrow world’. I don’t Quakerism? What had that got to do with think I made any new Quakers, but that was not the international business? Martin reminded me that intention. Lancaster now wants to incorporate the Lancaster University has long-standing Quaker Quaker dimension into future IMPM programmes, connections. Its first vice-chancellor, Charles Carter, and I look forward to repeating the process next year. was a Friend and a Swarthmore Lecturer. They’ve just It’s a valuable opportunity to reach out – and, in my opened a Charles Carter Building, and there’s a George case, boldly go where I’ve never been before. Fox Building on the campus. The IMPM course was to open with a two-week module on The Reflective David Boulton is a member of Brigflatts Meeting.

the Friend, 2 September 2011 13 Reflection What do nontheists not believe in?

Dorothy Searle considers the question

I’ve been trying to discover what it is that nontheists because they haven’t seen it! I suspect that what don’t believe in. I have looked at their website and nontheists reject is a particular image of that Reality, asked a well-known nontheist but, so far, I am none rather than the Reality itself. All images have to be the wiser. Do they really believe that there is no reality human ideas – they don’t exist otherwise. beyond a mundane human level of understanding, or do they simply reject a particular image of it? The concept of a sort of super-human, a person with idealised human attributes and omnipotence, has My experience is that we live on three levels of been around for a very long time and is at the centre understanding. At the most basic level, there is what of many religions and civilisations – but that is just our senses tell us about. Next come the abstract ideas one image of the Reality. Concepts of Truth, Love that our minds are conscious of: things like good and and Power are just as accurate and just as incomplete. bad, happiness and misery. Then there are the things Personally, I find that I hold all sorts of different that we can’t describe in ordinary language; these images at the same time without any difficulty. What things require the language of metaphor, and that does the image matter? It’s the Reality that’s important. leaves us with a huge gap for misunderstanding to enter by. Metaphor has the strange capacity to clarify It’s been suggested that there should be a and obscure at the same time. minimum of belief for members of the Religious Society of Friends, and I agree. But that minimum This third area is where we find what many people needs to reflect consciousness of the Reality itself, call ‘God’; but that word has so many unhelpful consciousness that is either already present or being connotations for so many people that I don’t want to striven for, not a particular image or belief system. use it – I shall use ‘Reality’ instead. I’ve been conscious Very rightly, in my opinion, we give enormous of that Reality for most of my life. Only recently have importance to personal spiritual experience, and I realised that this is a gift, and many have to work our individual experiences are as varied as we are as very hard to find the same experience. Could it be that people. My purpose in attending Meeting for Worship nontheists just don’t have that experience, either as a is to listen to the Reality and see what happens. gift or by effort? If that is so, can they really assume that their lack of experience is more likely to reflect I think that nontheists may also be seeking what Truth than the actual experience of millions of others? they already sense is there, and that what we are I know nothing of the Pacific Ocean – I have never quarrelling about is an image, not a Reality. been there – but I do not deny its existence because of that. Nontheist Quakers aren’t likely to be so narrow minded as to deny the existence of something just Dorothy is a member of Southampton Meeting.

14 the Friend, 2 September 2011 Poetry Oblivion

Enjoying the humour I sit to one side Until your approach, feeling Warm inside I take your hand And feel the world fall away Around me.

The flow of movement on my Part is awkward, but you move With a beautiful grace that Makes me blush, one day I dream, one day.

But that day is today as I learn and find the steps That let us float into Oblivion, how I wish we had Longer.

Hugo Finley

the Friend, 2 September 2011 15 a wry look at the Quaker world [email protected]

Beer at Swarthmoor A recent archaeological dig at unearthed some interesting facts about the refreshments on offer at the historic house in Cumbria, Ian Lewis reveals to Eye. Under the aegis of the Swarthmoor Hall History Group, a small archaelogical dig manned by thirty volunteers, and led by professional archaeologist Dan Elsworth of Green Lane Archaeology in Ulverston, spent a long weekend there at the end of July. The dig took place in the ‘Warden’s Garden’ and by Sunday afternoon the walls of a small building at the north end of the former Great Barn had been cleared to their footings. The work revealed the base of a mullion window and a further indent in the wall, which various people thought might be another window, a cupboard, or other exotic things. The existence of several walls that had been built up at different times were also The ‘archaeologists’. exposed. Ian Lewis, who was involved in the dig, said: ‘A substantial ceramic pipe had been driven through these walls at some time – carrying water (?) into the building. Although about a metre below ground we were still above the floor level of the interior of the exposed building – suggestive of a cellar or semi- basement. A long time local Quaker has suggested that the building we began to uncover was the “brewhouse” of the Hall.’ ‘Interestingly,’ Ian adds, ‘there are a couple of references to brewing at the Hall in Sarah Fell’s Account Book: p.xxix and p.xvii: Sarah Fell, writing to her mother in 1675, says “buy us a cask of wine… for we have none, only some cider and March beer

bottled up”. A further entry records the shipping of a Photos: Dan Elsworth. cargo of malt. The exposed mullion.

Praise at Winchmore Hill Winchmore Hill Meeting House Luke Howard (1772-1864) was a historian, Mariabella’s gravestone featured prominently on the BBC British manufacturing chemist and was recently discovered and in One Songs of Praise programme an amateur meteorologist whose May 2011 a group of interested last Sunday in a story devoted to lasting contribution to science was people – meteorologists and the famous Quaker meteorologist to propose a system for classifying members of the Howard family – Luke Howard. different types of clouds. held a ceremony at Winchmore Local Friend Rupert Price The great great great grandson Hill Meeting House where said: ‘The programme was devoted of Luke Howard, Richard Lloyd, Mariabella’s gravestone, with Luke’s to the ‘weather’ and the story contributed an interview about his name now added, now stands on was done in conjunction with the famous relation in the programme. their exact burial site. re-dedication of the memorial There had been no sign of a stone to Luke Howard and his gravestone for either Luke or This edition of Songs of Praise is wife Mariabella, who are buried at Mariabella Howard for some time. available on the BBC iPlayer for the Winchmore Hill.’ However, with the help of a local rest of this week.

16 the Friend, 2 September 2011 Ad pages 2 Sept 31/8/11 13:24 Page 3

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Barbara J BELLINGHAM (née CLUN VALLEY LM From Sunday SINGLE? WANTING TO MEET Stapleton) 25 August. Wife of Roger 11 September Clun Valley Meeting THAT SPECIAL SOMEONE? and mother of Chris and Dilly. will meet at Grange Road Community Use the Meeting up column! Member of Beverley Meeting. Centre, Grange Road, Bishop’s Single entry £17.60 incl. vat for 35 Aged 80. Cremation at East Riding Castle SY9 5AP. Meeting time words. 3 entries £40, 6 entries £69. Crematorium, Octon, 2pm, Friday unchanged at 10.30am. Enquiries: Box reply service included using 1st 9 September. Memorial Meeting at [email protected] (clerk). class post. Please send all entries Beverley FMH at a later date. and replies to: The Friend, 54a Diary Main Street, Cononley, Diamond weddings Keighley BD20 8LL. SOLIDARITY VIGIL for Michael BEAUTIFUL QUAKER FEMALE, David and Ida TURNER were Lyons, conscientious objector, Aromatherapist, British Punjabi, 42, married on 7 September 1951 in 3 September 2011 outside wanting to meet professional male Glasgow. Presently members of Colchester Military Prison. 40-45. Similarities: respecting, South Edinburgh Meeting. Further details available at: warm, caring, loving, affectionate, www.forceswatch.net communication-talking, gentle, Telephone 020 7837 2822. travelling, cooking, walking, longlife Changes of address relationship, be my best friend. RAF FYLINGDALES MEETING Replies please to: Box 947 c/o The Mic MORGAN and Chrissy ALLOTT FOR WORSHIP Saturday Friend, 54a Main Street, Cononley, have moved from Reading and 3 September, 12 noon - 1pm under Keighley BD20 8LL. Victoriana to a new-build home in the care of Pickering and Hull AM. lovely Devon, close to the sea: Followed by picnic at Pickering 28 Sanford Place, St. Thomas, Exeter FMH. Contact 01751 432416 or New baby in the family? EX2 9FD. Phone 07980 793742. 01751 472827. All welcome. Announce it in the Friend! Email: [email protected]

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the Friend, 2 September 2011 17 Ad pages 2 Sept 31/8/11 13:24 Page 4

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30 September the Friend – Make Peace a Way of Life. Outreach 24-page, full-colour Outreach issue - only 50p a copy post paid! issue

We are pleased to offer a special Outreach issue of our 30 September edition to all Meetings and Quaker groups, to give away at their events and Open Days during Quaker Week, 1-9 October, and right through 2012. After much positive feedback on our previous outreach issues, it is again 24 pages and full-colour throughout. The issue will be timeless and will again include a range of articles of particular interest to newcomers and non-Friends alike. Available in multiples of 10 copies. Please return the coupon below to arrive by Wednesday 21 September. Copies will be dispatched first class from our printers, Headley Brothers, on Tuesday 27 and Wednesday 28 September. After publication, copies will be available at a cost of £10 for 10 copies post included. Special copies of the Friend for Quaker Week, 1-9 October 2011

Number of copies you require: 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 Cheque payable to The Friend for: £5 £10 £15 £20 £25 £30 £40 £50

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the Friend, 2 September 2011 19 Ad pages 2 Sept 31/8/11 13:24 Page 6 vol AD. DEPT EDITORIAL 169 Quaker Week 54a Main St 173 Euston Road See order Cononley London NW1 2BJ Keighley BD20 8LL T 020 7663 1010 No form overleaf! T 01535 630 230 F 020 7663 11-82 35 E [email protected] the Friend E [email protected]

Independent advisors PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT Quaker Quest Network planning your secure future in line with Notice is hereby given that the your concerns Annual General Meeting of the Annual get-together Chaigeley Educational Foundation All Friends welcome for sharing news investingethically will be held on of projects, future planning, AGM. Tuesday 13 September 2011 at Ethical screening for 4.30pm in the School Weds. 28 September 2011 existing investments 5pm–6.30pm, before our Enquiries to Ann Dunn, Secretary Being a Quaker book-launch. Call Tracey for a free brochure Chaigeley Educational Foundation Lymm Road, Thelwall, Friends House, London 01603 309020 www.investing-ethically.co.uk Warrington WA4 2TD 173 Euston Road, NW1 2BJ. Telephone: 01925 756786 Details Michael: 01928 718417. Investing Ethically Ltd is Authorised and Regulated by the Financial Services Authority Registered Charity No. 1060403.

Study at A memorial to Quaker Service Sarum College The Quaker service memorial in the National Arboretum, Staffordshire, in Salisbury’s will commemorate the work of the Friends Ambulance Unit and the Friends Relief Service between 1939 and 1948. Most members Cathedral Close were conscientious objectors, witnessing to their vision of peace in a world at war. Last Call for 2011-2012 The memorial will serve as a setting for peaceful reflection by Postgraduate Programmes visitors, on a site mainly dedicated to those who lost their lives in military conflicts. It will bring Friends' testimonies to public attention, • Christian Spirituality through the wording on the benches and the presence of Friends in • Christian Liturgy attendance: a unique opportunity for outreach. • Theology, Imagination Thank you for contributing towards the £85,000 which it will cost. and Culture • Christian Leadership Please send a cheque or CAF voucher to: The Quaker Service Memorial Trust Programmes delivered via 10 Beacon Mews, Lichfield WS13 7AH intensive modules and £20 £50 £100 £200 Other £...... guided home study. Name...... Optional modules open to all. Address...... Postcode...... Validated by the Tel...... E-mail...... University of Winchester Giftaid I am a UK taxpayer and consent to the Quaker Service For more information Memorial Trust claiming Giftaid on all my donations from today's date until I notify the Trust otherwise. phone 01722 424827 Signed...... Date...... www.sarum.ac.uk/ Registered charity no. 1142335. learning