Hurricane Katrina: the Roles of U.S. Department of Homeland Security and Federal Emergency Management Agency Leadership
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S. Hrg. 109–829 HURRICANE KATRINA: THE ROLES OF U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY LEADERSHIP HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 10, 2006 Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs ( VerDate 0ct 09 2002 08:14 Mar 29, 2007 Jkt 027029 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 C:\DOCS\27029.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT HURRICANE KATRINA: THE ROLES OF U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY LEADERSHIP VerDate 0ct 09 2002 08:14 Mar 29, 2007 Jkt 027029 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 C:\DOCS\27029.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT S. Hrg. 109–829 HURRICANE KATRINA: THE ROLES OF U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY LEADERSHIP HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 10, 2006 Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 27–029 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 08:14 Mar 29, 2007 Jkt 027029 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\27029.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio CARL LEVIN, Michigan NORM COLEMAN, Minnesota DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii TOM COBURN, Oklahoma THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware LINCOLN D. CHAFEE, Rhode Island MARK DAYTON, Minnesota ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah FRANK LAUTENBERG, New Jersey PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico MARK PRYOR, Arkansas JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia MICHAEL D. BOPP, Staff Director and Chief Counsel DAVID T. FLANAGAN, General Counsel ASHA A. MATHEW, Counsel JONATHAN T. NASS, Counsel JOYCE A. RECHTSCHAFFEN, Minority Staff Director and Counsel ROBERT F. MUSE, Minority General Counsel MARY BETH SCHULTZ, Minority Counsel BETH M. GROSSMAN, Minority Counsel TRINA DRIESSNACK TYRER, Chief Clerk (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 08:14 Mar 29, 2007 Jkt 027029 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\27029.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT C O N T E N T S Opening statements: Page Senator Collins ................................................................................................. 1 Senator Lieberman ........................................................................................... 3 Senator Stevens ................................................................................................ 12 Senator Coleman .............................................................................................. 19 Senator Akaka .................................................................................................. 23 Senator Bennett ................................................................................................ 26 Senator Lautenberg .......................................................................................... 29 Senator Warner ................................................................................................ 31 Senator Dayton ................................................................................................. 36 Senator Pryor .................................................................................................... 40 Prepared statement: Senator Voinovich ............................................................................................. 81 WITNESSES FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2006 Hon. Michael D. Brown, Former Under Secretary for Emergency Prepared- ness and Response, and Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. 8 Patrick J. Rhode, Former Acting Deputy Director and Chief of Staff, Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security ... 8 Colonel Robert B. Stephan, (USAF, Retired), Assistant Secretary for Infra- structure Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security ......................... 57 Brigadier General Matthew Broderick, Director for Operations Coordination, U.S. Department of Homeland Security ............................................................. 61 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES Broderick, Brigadier General Matthew: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 61 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 94 Brown, Hon. Michael D: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 8 Rhode, Patrick J.: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 8 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 82 Stephan, Colonel Robert B.: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 57 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 85 APPENDIX Post-hearing questions and responses for the Record from: Mr. Brown ......................................................................................................... 101 Mr. Broderick .................................................................................................... 109 ‘‘Combined Catastrophic Plan for Southeast Louisiana and the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Scope of Work, FY2004,’’ Submitted by Senator Pryor ............. 110 Documents submitted for the Record from Mr. Brown ........................................ 132 Exhibit Q .................................................................................................................. 206 Exhibit 1 ................................................................................................................... 299 Exhibit 2 ................................................................................................................... 304 Exhibit 6 ................................................................................................................... 332 Letter from Harriet Miers, Counsel to the President, submitted by Senator Collins ................................................................................................................... 334 Exhibit S ................................................................................................................... 335 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 08:14 Mar 29, 2007 Jkt 027029 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\27029.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT VerDate 0ct 09 2002 08:14 Mar 29, 2007 Jkt 027029 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\27029.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT HURRICANE KATRINA: THE ROLES OF U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY LEADERSHIP FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2006 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS, Washington, DC. The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:36 a.m., in room SD–342, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Susan M. Collins, Chairman of the Committee, presiding. Present: Senators Collins, Stevens, Coleman, Bennett, Warner, Lieberman, Akaka, Dayton, Lautenberg, and Pryor. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN COLLINS Chairman COLLINS. The Committee will come to order. Good morning. Today, in our 18th hearing on Hurricane Katrina, the Committee will examine how the Department of Homeland Se- curity and FEMA coordinated and led the Federal preparations for and response to Hurricane Katrina. Our first panel this morning consists of Michael Brown and Pat- rick Rhode, who were FEMA’s Director and Acting Deputy Director in the days leading up to and following the storm. As Katrina neared the Gulf Coast, Mr. Brown dispatched to Lou- isiana, leaving Mr. Rhode as the top ranking official at FEMA headquarters. Today we will discuss their leadership at the agency during this enormously challenging period. Our second panel consists of two senior officials at the Depart- ment of Homeland Security headquarters. Robert Stephan is the Assistant Secretary for Infrastructure Protection and one of the chief architects of the National Response Plan. Matthew Broderick runs the Department’s Homeland Security Operations Center, which serves as the eyes and ears of top DHS officials, particularly during times of crisis. Secretary Chertoff relied heavily on Mr. Stephan and Mr. Brod- erick during Katrina’s aftermath. We will discuss their roles and their views of FEMA from the top of the organizational chart. Our panels today separate witnesses from a Federal agency, FEMA, from those of its parent organization, DHS. The separation is deliberate. It reflects, in part, the differing perspectives on Katrina that we have heard consistently from officials of the two entities. It also reflects tensions between the two that predate the (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 08:14 Mar 29, 2007 Jkt 027029 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\27029.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT 2 storm—tensions over resources, roles, and responsibilities within the Department. This tension is clear in Mr. Brown’s response