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Manfred Bietak, Ernst Czerny, Irene Forstner-Müller (Editors)

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Manfred Bietak, Ernst Czerny, Irene Forstner-Müller (Editors) MANFRED BIETAK, ERNST CZERNY, IRENE FORSTNER-MÜLLER (EDITORS) CITIES AND URBANISM IN ANCIENT EGYPT ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DENKSCHRIFTEN DER GESAMTAKADEMIE, BAND LX UNTERSUCHUNGEN DER ZWEIGSTELLE KAIRO DES ÖSTERREICHISCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTES HERAUSGEGEBEN IN VERBINDUNG MIT DER KOMMISSION FÜR ÄGYPTEN UND LEVANTE DER ÖSTERREICHISCHEN AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN VON MANFRED BIETAK BAND XXXV ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DENKSCHRIFTEN DER GESAMTAKADEMIE, BAND LX MANFRED BIETAK, ERNST CZERNY, IRENE FORSTNER-MÜLLER (EDITORS) CITIES AND URBANISM IN ANCIENT EGYPT Papers from a Workshop in November 2006 at the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vorgelegt von w. M. MANFRED BIETAK in der Sitzung am 12. Dezember 2008 Gedruckt mit Unterstützung durch das Holzhausen-Legat der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften British Library Cataloguing in Publication data. A Catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library. Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt, frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig. Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN: 978-3-7001-6591-0 Copyright © 2010 by Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien Grafik, Satz, Layout: Angela Schwab Druck: Wograndl Druck GmbH, 7210 Mattersburg http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/6591-0 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at Printed and bound in Austria INHALT Contents . 5 Bibliographical Abbreviations . 7 MANFRED BIETAK, ERNST CZERNY and IRENE FORSTNER-MÜLLER Preface by the Editors . 9 MANFRED BIETAK Houses, Palaces and Development of Social Structure in Avaris . 11 ERNST CZERNY Fragments of Information. Observations Concerning the Architectural Layout of the Middle Kingdom Settlement at cEzbet Rushdi . 69 FLORENCE DOYEN La résidence d’élite: un type de stucture dans l'organisation spatiale urbaine du Moyen Empire . 81 IRENE FORSTNER-MÜLLER Settlement Patterns at Avaris. A Study on Two Cases . 103 ANGUS GRAHAM Islands in the Nile: A Geoarchaeological Approach to Settlement Location in the Egyptian Nile Valley and the Case of Karnak . 125 STAN HENDRICKX, DIRK HUYGE and CLAIRE NEWTON The Walls of Elkab . 145 MARK LEHNER and ANA TAVARES Walls, Ways and Stratigraphy: Signs of Social Control in an Urban Footprint at Giza . 171 WOLFGANG MÜLLER Urbanism in Graeco-Roman Egypt . 217 CORNELIUS VON PILGRIM Elephantine – (Festungs-)Stadt am Ersten Katarakt . 257 STEVEN SNAPE Vor der Kaserne: External Supply and Self-Sufficiency at Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham . 271 KATE SPENCE Settlement Structure and Social Interaction at El-Amarna . 289 CAROLA VOGEL Storming the Gates? Entrance Protection in the Military Architecture of Middle Kingdom Nubia . 299 JOCHEM KAHL Frauen aus Nilschlamm – ein Beitrag zur Anthropologie der Stadt . 321 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ABBREVIATIONS Ä&L Ägypten und Levante CASAE Supplément aux Annales du Service des Anti- ÄA Ägyptologische Abhandlungen, Wiesbaden quités de l’Égypte, Cahiers, Cairo ÄAT Ägypten und Altes Testament. Studien zu E&L see Ä&L Geschichte, Kultur und Religion Ägyptens und EA Egyptian Archaeology. The Bulletin of the Egypt des Alten Testaments, Wiesbaden Exploration Society, London AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, EEF Egypt Exploration Fund, London New Haven EES Egypt Exploration Society, London ADAIK Abhandlungen des Deutschen Archäologi- EtudAlex Études alexandrines. Institut français d’archéo- schen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo, Berlin logie orientale du Caire, Cairo AERAGRAM AERAGRAM. The official newsletter of Ancient FIFAO Fouilles de l’institut français d’archéologie Egypt Research Associates, Cambridge, MA orientale du Caire, Cairo ÄF Ägyptologische Forschungen, Glückstadt, Ham- GHP Egyptology Golden House Publications Egyptology burg, New York Series, London AJA American Journal of Archaeology, Baltimore, ab GOF Göttinger Orientforschungen, Wiesbaden 1897: Norwood HÄB Hildesheimer Ägyptologische Beiträge, Hildes- Antiquity Antiquity: A Quarterly Review of Archaeology, heim Oxford JARCE Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, AOF Altorientalische Forschungen, Berlin Boston APF Archiv für Papyrusforschung, Stuttgart und JAS Journal of Archaeological Science, London, New Leipzig York ARCER American Research Center in Egypt Report, JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, London Malibu JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Chicago ARCUS ARCUS. Berichte aus Archäologie, Baugeschichte und Nachbargebieten, Potsdam JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology, Portsmouth, Rhode Island ASAE Annales du service des antiquités de I’Égypte, Cairo Kush Kush. Journal of the Sudan Antiquities Service, AV Archäologische Veröffentlichungen des Deut- Khartoum schen Archäologischen Instituts Kairo, Mainz LÄ Lexikon der Ägyptologie, Wiesbaden BAe Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca, Brussels MBPF Münchner Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung (und BAR British Archaeological Reports, Oxford antiken Rechtsgeschichte), München BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, MDAIK Mitteilungen des deutschen archäologischen Instituts, New Haven Abteilung Kairo, Berlin/Mainz BCE Bulletin de liaison du group international d’étude de MDOG Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft, Berlin la céramique égyptienne, Cairo MEES Memoires of the Egypt Exploration Society, BdE Bibliothèque d’Étude, Institut Français d’Archéo- London logie Orientale du Caire, Cairo MIFAO Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie BES Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar, New York Orientale, Cairo BIE Bulletin de l’Institut d’Egypte, Cairo Morgenland Morgenland. Darstellungen aus der Geschichte BIFAO Bulletin de l’institut français d’archéologie orientale, und Kultur des Ostens, Leipzig Cairo MRE Monographies Reine Élisabeth. Fondation BMRP British Museum Research Publications, London égyptologique Reine Élisabeth, Bruxelles (seit 2004, formely British Museum Occasional Papers 1978ff) ÖJh Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Insti- tuts in Wien, Vienna BSEG Bulletin de la société d’égyptologie de Genève, Genf OLA Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, Leuven BSGE Bulletin de la Société de Géographie d’Égypte, Cairo PAM Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, Warsaw BSFE Bulletin de la société française d’egyptologie, Paris PBA Proceedings of the British Academy, Oxford CAJ Cambridge Archaeological Journal, Cambridge PdÄ Probleme der Ägyptologie, Leiden, Boston, Köln CdE Chronique d’Egypte, Bruxelles PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly, London CRAIBL Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris PSBA Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeol- ogy, London CRIPEL Cahiers de Recherches de l’Institut de Papyrologie et d’Egyptologie de Lille, Lille RdE Revue d’égyptologie, Cairo; vol. 7ff: Paris 8 Bibliographical Abbreviations SAGA Studien zur Archäologie und Geschichte Altägyptens, VA Varia Aegyptiaca, San Antonio Heidelberg WVDOG Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen SAK Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, Hamburg Orientgesellschaft, Berlin, Leipzig SAOC Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, Chicago Wepwawet Wepwawet. Research Papers in Egyptology, Lon- SDAIK Sonderschriften des Deutschen Archäologi- don schen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo, Mainz World Archaeology World Archaeology, London SOAS School of Oriental & African Studies, London YES Yale Egyptological Studies, New Haven TAPA Transactions of the American Philological Associa- tion, Philadelphia ZÄS Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskun- de, Leipzig, Berlin UGAÄ Untersuchungen zur Geschichte und Alter- tumskunde Ägyptens, Leipzig, Berlin ZDPV Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, Wiesba- den Urk. Urkunden des ägyptischen Altertums, ed. G. STEINDORFF, Leipzig, Berlin, 1906–1958 Zetemata Zetemata. Monographien zur Klassischen Alter- UZK Untersuchungen der Zweigstelle Kairo des Öster- tumswissenschaft, München reichischen Archäologischen Institutes, Wien PREFACE BY THE EDITORS In 1993 the the Austrian Accademy of Sciences pub- one of the backbones of any urban research in Egypt. lished the volume “House and Palace in Ancient Therefore, it appears in the present volume with Egypt”, which included the acts of a symposium three articles, all written by the editors of the volume, organised for the 30-years jubilee of Austrian archae- respectively. Both the study by M. Bietak and by ological activities at settlement sites in Egypt and I. Forstner-Müller cover the overall area of the site in Nubia. This still essential book provided a more or discussing structural problems. Bietak’s article focus- less complete overview of the activities in settlement es on diffentiations and hierarchy in the develloping archaeology in Egypt of those days. However, settle- structures, whereas Forstner-Müller’s paper is more ment research had only started by then to be regard- concerned with the different urbanistic concepts ed as an equally valuable aspect of Egyptian archae- applied through different phases in the history of the ology besides the traditional research in sacred or town-site. Finally, E. Czerny’s paper provides a funerary spheres. The articles of the volume were detailed insight into the structure of the 12th dynasty mostly concerned with the basic elements of any set- settlement at cEzbet Rushdi, at the north-eastern tlement: houses and palaces. edge of the Tell el-Dabca site. In November 2006, on the occasion of the 40th However, whenever Middle Kingdom settlements anniversary of the Austrian Archaeological Institute’s are discussed, the site of Lahun, excavated already in excavations at the large
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